现在完成时

现在完成时（共12篇）

现在完成时 篇1

一、现在完成时的两种用法:

1. 表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before。现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了)

Jane has just had it. (含义是:简现在不饿了)

Michael has been ill. ( 含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)

He has returned from abroad. ( 含义是:现在已在此地)

2. 表示过去已经发生, 持续到现在的动作或状态, 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在 (包括“现在”在内) 的一段时间的状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词, 常与since和for连用。for和表示一段时间的词组连用。如:for 10 years;since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如:since 1997, since two years ago, since last week

二、现在完成时的三个分清:

1. 分清时间状语

现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 强调的是现在的情况, 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等;现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等;现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如now, now, just, today, this morning/week/month/year, so far等。所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态, 和现在不发生联系, 它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

I have seen the film. ( 我了解这部电影的内容。)

I saw the film last week. (只说明上星期看了这部电影, 不涉及现在的情况。)

2. 分清have (has) gone和have (has) been的用法

1) have (has) gone表示“已经去某地了”

She has gone to Shanghai. ( 她可能已在去上海的路上, 或已到上海, 总之现在不在这里。)

2) have (has) been表示“曾经去过某地”

She has been to Shanghai three times. ( 她已经不在上海, 只说明她曾经去过。)

3. 分清延续性动词和瞬间动词的用法

1) 延续性动词表示动作能够持续一段时间, 所以其现在完成时能和表示一段的时间状语连用。

I have lived in Guiyang for 10 years.

I have lived in Guiyang since 2002.

2) 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂, 不能持续, 所以其现在完成时 (只限肯定式) 不能和表示一段的时间状语连用, 而应该把终止性动词改为同义的延续性动词, 也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。

如不能说:He has borrowed the book for two months. (x)

但可以说:He has kept the book for 2 months.

或:It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book.

或:Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.

初中教材中常见的终止性动词, 可以编成口诀:

晨起离家去购物, 出生入死搬回来。

东西一到开始用, 花完未够 方可借。

get up→be up leave→be away (from) go→ be buy →have join→be in /be a +n. die →be dead move→be out ofreturn→be back come→be arrive→be here start/begin→be on finish→/end→be over borrow→keep

开始结束死买卖, 来去借入不离开。

get up→be up leave→be away (from) go→ be buy →have join→be in /be a +n. die →be dead move→be out of return→be bcome→be arrive→be here start/begin→be on finish→/end→be over borrow→keep

e.g.

The old man has died for five years. (×)

The old man has been dead for five years. (√)

注明:非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态:

I haven’t bought anything for two days.

三、过去式与过去分词的记忆

1. 规则变化的变化规则与过去式的构成规则相同

2. 不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词, 在不规则变化表中寻找巧记规律

AAA:put–put–put let—let–let ABA:become—became—become

ABB:stand—stood—stood ABC:eat—ate—eaten

现在完成时的用法专项练习

下列每组的A, B句都互为同意句, 其中A句采用了一般过去式表达, 请你应用现在完成时在B句的空白处填入恰当的词, 使其与A句意思相同。

1. A: The baby fell asleep half an hour ago.

B:The baby____________for half an hour.

2.A:I left the school at nine O'clock this morning.

B:I _____ _____ _____ from the school since nine O'clock this morning.

3.A:Did you find your pen?

B:_____ _____ _____ your pen yet?

4.A:The hospital closed in 2010.

B:The hospital _____ _____ _____ since 2010.

5.A:Maria bought the piano in 2009.

B:Maria _____ _____ the piano since 2009.

6.A:Kangkang borrowed the knife five days ago.

B:Kangkang _____ _____ the knife for five days.

7.A:The TV play began twenty minutes ago.

B:The TV play _____ _____ _____ for twenty minutes.

8.A:Tom's grandmother died two years ago .

B:Tom's grandmother _____ _____ _____ for two years.

9.A:My uncle became a teacher in 2007.

B:My uncle _____ _____ a teacher since 2007.

10.A:We got to Guizhou three days ago .

B:We _____ _____ _____Guizhou for three days.

11.A:The Greens came to China in 2003.

B:The Greens _____ _____ _____ China since 2003.

12.A: I joined the Party last year .

B: I ____ _____ _____ _____of the Party since last year.

13.A:Jane caught a cold the day before yesterday.

B:Jane____ _____ a cold since the day before yesterday.

14.A:The classes ended ten minutes ago.

B:The classes _____ _____ ____ for ten minutes.

15.A:The students knew each other two years ago.

B: The students _____ _____ each other for two years .

Key:

1.has been asleep 2.have been away

3.Have you found 4.has been closed

5.has had 6.has kept

7.has been on 8.has been dead

9.has been 10.have been in

11.have been in 12.have been a member

13.has had 14.have been over

15.have known

现在完成时 篇2

1.现在完成时的“完成用法”

现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning / month /year...，today等)连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?

2.现在完成时的“未完成用法”

现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。

例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：

①主语+have / has been+for短语

②It is+一段时间+ since从句

现在完成时专项练习 篇3

1． Both his parents look sad． Maybe they ____ what’s happened to him．

A． knewB． have knownC． must knowD． will know

2． He has ____ been to Shanghai, has he?

A． already B． neverC． everD． still

3． Have you met Mr Li ____?

A． justB． agoC． before D． a moment ago

4． The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two years．

A． is writingB． was writing C． wrote D． has written

5． “Our country ____ a lot so far．” “Yes, I hope it will be even ____．”

A． has changed; wellB． changed; good

C． has changed; betterD． changed; better

6． Zhao Lan ____ already ____ in this school for two years．

A． was; studyingB． will; studyC． has; studiedD． are; studying

7． We ____ Xiao Li since she was a little girl．

A． knowB． had knownC． have knownD． knew

8． Harry Potter is a very nice film． I ____ it twice．

A． will see B． have seenC． sawD． see

9． “These farmers have been to the United States．” “Really? When ____ there?”

A． will they go B． did they go C． do they go D． have they gone

10． “____ you ____ your homework yet?” “Yes． I ____ it a moment ago．”

A． Did; do; finishedB． Have; done; finished

C． Have; done; have finishedD． Will; do; finish

11． His father ____ the Party since 1978．

A． joined B． has joined C． was inD． has been in

12． “Do you know him well?” “Sure． We ____ friends since ten years ago．”

A． were B． have been C． have becomeD． have made

13． “How long have you ____ here?” “About two months．”

A． been B． gone C． come D． arrived

14． Hurry up!The play ____ for ten minutes．

A． has begunB． had begunC． has been onD． began

15． It ____ ten years since he left the army．

A． is B． has C． will D． was

二、句型转换。

1． He has never surfed, ____ ____? （完成反意疑问句）

2． They have been here since 2000． （对划线部分提问）

____ ____ have they been here?

3． The old man died last year． （同义句转换）

The old man ____ ____ ____ for a year．

4． This factory opened twenty years ago． （同义句转换）

This factory ____ ____ ____ for twenty years．

5． Miss Gao left an hour ago． （同义句转换）

Miss Gao ____ ____ ____ ____ an hour ago．

6． Her mother has been a Party member for three years． （同义句转换）

Her mother ____ the Party three years ____．

7． The Green Family moved to France two years ago． （同义句转换）

____ ____ two years ____ the Green Family moved to France．

8． The bus has arrived here． It arrived ten minutes ago． （合并为一个句子）

____________________________________________

9. John went to see his grandmother once a week. (对划线部分提问)

____ ____ ____ John ____ to see his grandmother?

10. He has already finished his homework. (改为否定句)

He ____ finished his homework ____.

11. My father came back the day before yesterday. （同义句转换）

My father has ____ ____ for two days.

12. My uncle bought the new car two months ago. （同义句转换）

My uncle has ____ the new car ____ two months ago.

13. They left Changsha an hour ago. （同义句转换）

They have ____ ____ ____ Changsha for an hour.

14. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句转换）

The film ____ ____ ____ for ten minutes.

15. I knew Sarch three years ago. （同义句转换）

I ____ ____ Sarch for three years.

三、汉译英。

1． 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

_________________________________________

2． 他昨天收到一封信。

_________________________________________

3． 我父亲以前到过长城。

_________________________________________

4． 她还没有看过那部新电影。

_________________________________________

5． 他这些天上哪儿去了？

_________________________________________

一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 篇4

1. 一般过去时只单纯地表示过去的动作或状态, 和现在不发生联系。

如:Iwasthirstyanddrankfiveglassesofwater.

我口很渴, 喝了五杯水。 (只说明口渴和喝水这一情况, 状态和动作与现在无关。)

2. 现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况。

如:Ihaveadreadydrunkfiveglassesofwater.

我已喝了五杯水。 (说明“我”现在不渴。)

二、和时间的搭配情况

1. 一般过去时常和过去的具体时间连用。如:

Theysawafilm lastweek.

他们上周看了一场电影。 (lastweek为过去具体时间)

2. 现在完成时和时间的搭配情况。

(1) 现在完成时不能直接和过去的具体时间连用。

如:Theyhaveseenthefilm.他们看过这部电影。

(2) 现在完成时可以和for+时间段连用, 也可以和since+具体时间 (表示一段时间起点) 连用。此时句中动词须用延续性动词或相当于延续性动词的短语。如have, be, stay, live等。

如:Wehaven'tseeneachotherforthreemonths.

我们有三个月没见过面。 (虽然see为非延续性动词及瞬间动词, 用否定式来表延续。)

Wehavestayheresince 1998.

从1998年起我们一直住在这儿。 (since+具体时间相当于时间段)

3. 有些时间状语, 如:

this morning/afternoon/week/month/year…, tonight, today等, 既可用于一般过去时, 也可用于现在完成时, 但所表达的意义不同。用于现在完成时表示包括“现在”在内, 用于一般过去时, 则与“现在”无关。

如:Hehascarriedfifteendesksthismorning.

今天早上, 他搬了十五张桌子。 (说话时是早上)

Hecarriedfifteendesksthismorning.

今天早上, 他搬了十五张桌子。 (说话时早上已过)

练习:用所给单词的正确词型填空。

1.Most children_____ (have) a hard life in the past.

2.Great changes_____ (take) place in the past twenty years.

3.My father_____ (work) in Beijing since three years ago.

4. When he_____ (begin) to read this book?

5. you_____ (see) my umbrella?

Yes, I_____ (see) it on your desk a minute ago.

6. The workers_____ (build) three swimming pools this may.

参考答案:1.had;2.havetaken;3.hasworked;

现在完成时的句子 篇5

现在完成时的句子

 

1、Have you ever traveled on a plane?

你坐飞机旅行过吗？

2、Have you ever been abroad?

你出国过吗？

3、I’ve just finished reading the book、

我刚读完书。

4、I’ve never been there、

我从来没去那里。

5、I’ve already been there twice、

我只去过那里两次。

6、Who has been to Hawaii? None of us has、

谁去过夏威夷？没人去过。

7、Has anybody water-skied before?

有人之前滑过水吗？

8、How long have you been here in Sydney?

你来悉尼多久了？

9、I know you’ve come to see your father、

我知道你来看你的.爸爸。

10、You’ve learnt surfing from him, haven’t you?

你从他那里学的滑水，不是吗？

11、Have you ever been to Hawaii?

你去过夏威夷吗？

12、He has been in Honolulu ever since、

他从那以后就在檀香山。

13、I have already won first prize in the city surfing competition、

我已经在城市的冲浪比赛中获得了第一名。

14、I’ve been surfing every day、

我每天都冲浪。

15、I’ve been here for two weeks already、

我已经在这里呆了两周了。

16、How many songs has he learned so far?

他到目前为止学了多少歌了？

17、How long have you been a member of Greener China?

你成为绿色中国的一员多久了？

18、I’ve been with Greener China for a year、

我跟随绿色中国一年了。

19、What have you done since you joined Greener China?

你加入绿色中国后都做了什么？

20、Have you ever thrown any litter onto the ground?

你有没有往地上扔过东西？

21、If your answers are “No”， it means that you have already helped protect our environment、

如果你的回答是“否”，它意味着你已经帮助保护了我们的环境。(www.Fwsir.com)

22、Have I ever picked up some rubbish and thrown it into a dustbin?

我有没有把垃圾捡起来扔进垃圾筒呢？

23、Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for recycling?

我有没有为回收而收集废旧纸张或瓶子呢？

24、Have I ever planted any trees or flowers in or near my neighbourhood?

我有没有在社区附近种过树或花呢？

25、If your answers are “Yes”，it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment、

如果你的回答是“是”，它意味着你已经为保护环境做了些有用的事。

26、After you have finished the questionnaire, you may decide if your friend is doing very well in protecting the environment、

你完成调查问卷后，你可以决定你的朋友是否在保护环境方面做得很好。

27、Has everyone in your class written a letter to a factory to ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the river or lake nearby?

你们班的人有没有给工厂写信让他们停止向附近的河或湖排放污水？

28、How long have you worked in this library?

现在完成时六要点 篇6

一、弄清基本构成方法

现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。其中的have/has为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。

二、掌握两种主要用法

现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：

1. 已完成用法(影响性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，而说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：

She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。)

Has she found her car key?

她找到她的车钥匙了吗? (对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗?)

I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。)

He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。

(对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。)

2. 未完成用法(持续性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。如：

How have you been? 你近来怎样?

She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。

How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?

They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。

I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。

注意：除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来的动作。如：

He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。

I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉。

三、注意通常连用的副词

通常与现在完成时连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如：

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。

Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?

She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。

但是，若不强调动作对现在的影响，这些副词也可用一般过去时。如：

He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。

Such things didn’t happen before. 这样的事以前没有发生过。

I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。

四、注意since与现在完成时的关系

since不论用作介词、连词还是副词，句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。如：

I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。

I met him in 1975 and haven’t seen him since.

1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。

We have been good friends since we met at school.

自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。

注意：表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：

It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。

It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有六个月。

五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如：

I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)

I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)

Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在的情况)

Did you get up very early? 你起得很早吗? (着眼动作本身)

I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)

I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那儿听来的。(单纯谈论动作)

六、掌握have been to 和have gone to的用法区别

两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较：

She has been to Europe twice. 她去过欧洲两次。

She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)

注意：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to。如：

He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。

He has gone home. 他回家去了。

巩固练习：

用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao ____(hurry) off to look after the man.

2. Jim ____(make) many friends since he ____(come) to China.

3. They ____(know) each other for about ten years.

4. He ____ already ____(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.

5. “When ____ she ____(leave)?” “Two hours ago.”

6. “____ you ____(see) the film before?” “Yes, I ____.”

“Where ____ you ____(see) it?” “At The Queen’s Cinema.”

7. “Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I don’t eat sweets.” “Oh, I am sorry. I ____(notknow) that.”

8. They usually ____(go) fishing when they lived there.

9. How long ____ she ____(be) ill?

10. They didn’t start to work in the field until the rain ____(stop).

现在完成时态用法扫描 篇7

如: (1) I have seen the film.

(2) He hasn’t seen the film.

(3) —Have they seen the film?—Yes, they have. (No, they haven’t.)

二、用法

现在完成时态表示过去发生并已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响, 或过去发生持续到现在的行为。

1. 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词有already, yet, just ever, never, before等。

如: (1) I have lost my bike.我的自行车丢了。 (即:我现在没有车了。)

(2) Thank you.I’ve had my supper.谢谢你, 我已吃过晚饭了。 (即:我现在不需要。)

注意:

▲如果句中有一个表示特定的过去时间的状语, 如:this morning, yesterday last week, three days ago, just now等, 谓语动词用一般过去时。而现在完成时则常与already, yet, just等与现在有联系的时间状语连用, 并表示动作的持续。试比较:

(1) I found my bike just now.我是刚刚找到我的自行车的。

(2) I have found my bike.我已找到我的自行车了。

▲如果单纯谈一个过去的动作, 不涉及它对现在的影响, 通常用一般过去时;如果谈一件事已经发生, 不考虑它是什么时候发生的, 而主要考虑对现在的影响, 即现在情况如何, 则用现在完成时。试比较:

(1) I closed the door. (表示门过去关好, 现在可能关好, 也可能没关好。)

(2) I have closed the door. (表示门现在关上了。)

2. 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在。标志词有for, since, so far, these days等。如:

(1) Mr Green has lived in Beijing for two years.

格林先生住在北京已两年了。 (说明“居住”从两年前持续到现在。)

(2) He has worked here since 1998.

他从1998年起一直在这儿工作。 (说明“工作”从1998年持续到现在。)

(3) He has lived with his aunt since his mother died.

自从他妈妈死了, 他一直和他姑妈住在一起。 (说明他仍将与姑妈一起生活下去。)

注意:

▲与for, since连用的现在完成时, 其谓语动词必须是持续性的。如果谓语动词为短暂性动词 (或词组) , 可改为表示状态的“be+形容词 (副词、分词、名词、介词短语) ”。如:begin/start→be on;come back→be back;close→be closed;die→be dead;get up→be up;fall ill→be ill;leave→be away from;join→be a member of/be in;finish/end→be over;marry→be married;open→be open。

也可将某些短暂性动词改为与其意思相近的延续性动词, 如:buy→have;become→be;borrow→keep。

翻译:

他回来已三天了。He has been back for three days.

=He has been back since three days ago.

=It is/has been three days since he came back.

=Three days has passed since he came back.

=They came back three days ago.

(不能说:He has come back for three days.)

▲某些非延续性动词的否定形式可以和for, since引导的时间状语连用。

如:I haven’t met him for a long time.我好长时间没见到他了。

I haven’t met him since he left.自从他离开我就没遇到他。

3. 区别下列词组

(1) have/has gone to去了某地还没有回来

(2) have/has been to曾经去过某地已经回来了

(3) have/has been+介词短语曾经在某个地方

如:

(1) They have gone to Beijing.他们已到北京去了。 (他们可能在去北京的路上或已到了北京, 总之他们现在不在这里。)

(2) He has been to Beijing twice.他去过北京两次。 (现在他不在北京。)

(3) I have been in Nanjing for two years.我在南京呆了两年。 (现在还在南京。

(4) His brother has been in the army for half a year.

=His brother has been a soldier for half a year.他哥哥参军半年了。

(5) Tom has been on the school football team for a year.

=Tom has been a school football player for a year.汤姆参加校足球队一年了。

练一练 (写出同义句) :

1.He joined the army two years ago.

He___ ___ ___the army___two years.

2.It’s five years since I came here.

Five years___ ___ ___I came here.

3.Sam’s grandfather died 10 years ago.

Sam’s grandfather has been___ ___ 10 years.

4. Wu Dong joined the League three years ago.

Wu Dong has____ in the League___three years.

5. We got to know each other ten years ago.

We___ ____each other____ten years ago.

6. I got up half an hour ago.

I___ ___up for half an hour.

7. He has been in the army for eight years.

He___ ___a___ ___eight years.

8. He has been away from here for six days.

It’s six days___he___here.

9. My friend went to Beijing last year.She is still in Beijing now.

My friend____ ____ ____Beijing____last year.

1 0. Half an hour ago“The Cat Play”began.

“The Cat Play”has____ ____for half an hour.

1 1. I’m sorry to hear that he got killed in the traffic accident 5 years ago.

I’m sorry to hear that he has____ ____for 5 years in the traffic accident.

1 2. He left home two months ago.

He has____ ____from home____ ____two months ago.

Keys:

1.has been in, for 2.has passed since 3.dead for 4.been, for

5.have known, since 6.have been 7.has been, soldier for 8.since, left

现在完成时 篇8

在初三年级, 当学生第一次接触到“现在完成时态”, 感到很迷惑, 与一般过去时时常混淆, 只有少数学生能够比较清楚地掌握。到初四年级, 再一次出现“现在完成时态”, 我决定重新让学生认识它。因此, 我加强了对“现在完成时态”的概念和使用时机以及使用方法的重点教学。通过本次再教学的过程, 也摸索出了一些好的经验和方法, 现总结如下:

一、现在完成时态知识点集中讲

也就是说把“现在完成时态”从课本里单拿出来做专门的讲解, 约用3个课时, 其教学效果比分散讲解要好得多。

首先要把有关“现在完成时”的知识点全部总结下来, 利用“学案”的形式发给学生。

第一课时, 主要讲解该时态的概念和基本结构。其中, 基本结构中的“动词的过去分词”是个难点, 需要把动词的三态变化全部复习一遍, 尤其是不规则动词需要逐个牢记。把这两方面的内容让学生认真学习后, 配以相应的习题让他们练习, 从而加深印象。

第二课时, 讲解“现在完成时”的用法。这是该时态最难掌握的一个内容。里面还包括延续性动词和非延续性动词的使用。必须让学生学会清楚地辨析它们的使用方法。

第三课时, 讲解“现在完成时”与“一般过去时态”的区别。此时, 应该给他们大量的习题进行练习, 让他们在做题时体会两者的区别和用法。

知识点集中讲, 便于学生把该时态中的定义、结构、用法理解透彻, 易于学生把现在完成时态与其他时态区分开来。

二、知识点讲解必须有条理

教学现在完成时态时还要注意教学的步骤和环节, 使知识点条理化。现在完成时态主要有两种用法, 一个是表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 另一个是表示过去已经开始的一个动作或者状态, 一直持续到现在。两种用法一定要分开来讲。

1. 用汉语引导学生正确理解现在完成时态的第一种用法:

定义中的三个关键词:过去发生的动作, 现在, 影响或结果, 必须让学生理解到位。然后向学生呈现现在完成时态的句子结构:“助动词have/has+done”。这里有几点要特别强调: (1) 要学生了解主谓一致性, 然后让他们用现在完成时态结构进行造句练习。 (2) 动词的过去分词也要在此做重点要求, 要求学生对动词的不规则形式必须熟记, 对动词的规则形式的变化规则也要熟练掌握。 (3) 一些可与现在完成时态连用的时间状语 (如, already, yet, never, ever, before, just等) , 要一一向学生解释清楚。

2. 举例让学生体会现在完成时的第二种用法。如, I have learnt English for 3 years.多举例子, 让学生深刻地体会动作的可持续性。此时需要强调几点: (1) 要让学生掌握时间状语for+时间段, since+时间点的用法。 (2) 要让学生学会区分延续性动词与非延续性动词, 以及它们之间的相互转换。 (3) 让学生学会区别三个结构:have been to, have gone to, have been in.

这些纯理论性的知识必须以大量贴切的例句作为依托, 边讲边练, 否则学生会学的一头雾水。

以上是本人的一点浅见, 不当之处, 望各位领导、同事批评指正!

摘要：“现在完成时态”是初中阶段学生学习的主要时态之一, 也是中考必考内容, 新课程标准中规定学生必须掌握和会用。教学中对此进行了反思。

关键词：现在完成时态,动词,新课程标准

参考文献

[1]董海玲.初中英语“现在完成时”的教学.天津教育, 2010 (12) .

现在完成时 篇9

关键词：现在完成进行时,集中学习,策略

人教版八年级英语 (下) 第六单元, 出现了现在完成进行时。通常一个新语法的出现, 教师要让学生通过观察这种语言现象, 逐步感知、理解, 然后归纳、总结, 直至接受。但在配套的基础训练里, 现在完成进行时的所有内容都出现了。如果不及时系统地学习, 学生几乎无法完成配套练习。这势必给他们造成心理阴影, 影响他们对这一语言的学习。但如果在一节课完成这一庞大语法的学习, 确实有难度。

现在完成进行时把过去、现在甚至将来联系了起来, 学生理解起来有一定的困难。另外, 它常和how long, for, since短语和句子连用, 但究竟用for还是since, 还有一堆讲究。学生能在这么短的时间里, 理解并掌握这一语法吗?带着所有的疑问, 我准备进行尝试。

首先, 我重新学习了这一语法, 并将其梳理归纳;然后思考教学方法, 力求新颖、有趣、自然、高效。接下来我仔细安排每一个教学步骤。一切准备就绪, 我要开讲了:

我通过提问, 引出所学内容:

T: Hi, Mary.Do you like sports?

M:Yes.

T: What kind of sports do you like best?

M:I like playing basketball best .

T:When did you start playing basketball?

M: I started playing basketball when I was ten.

T: So you have been playing basketball for three years .Yes?

M:Yes.

然后我又同Rose, John互动, 并将句子板书到黑板上:

1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years.

2.Rose has been swimming for four years.

3.John has been playing tennis for five years.

首先学生翻译、理解上面的句子:他们从过去开始这种活动, 一直延续到现在, 并有可能一直延续到将来。我们学过一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。但这种把过去、现在、将来联系起来的现象是什么呢?我引出了新的语法:现在完成进行时。接下来我启发学生归纳它的定义。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始, 也可能仍在延续, 并可能延续到将来。通过观察, 学生得出了它的公式:主语+have (has) been +V-ing +其他。否定句:主语+have (has) not been +V-ing+其他。一般疑问句:Have (has) +主语+been+Ving +其他。

然后我启发并指导学生用since改写句子。Mary已经打球三年了, 我们是不是可以说, 她从三年前就已经开始打球了?Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago . 她今年十三岁, 我们也可以说, 从她十岁开始, 就已经开始打球了。Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten .同理, 我板书句子到黑板上

1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years. →

Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago.

Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten.

2.Rose has been swimming for four years. →

Rose has been swimming since four years ago.

Rose has been swimming since she was nine.

3.John has been playing tennis for five years. →

John has been playing tennis since five years ago.

John has been playing tennis since she was eight.

通过观察学生看出, 现在完成进行时常和for, since短语和句子连用。three years , four years , five years是一段时间, 即时间段;three years ago, four years ago , five years ago是时间点;she was ten , she was nine, she was eight是一般过去时的句子。由此, 我们得出结论:for后跟是时间段, since后既可跟时间点又可跟一般过去时的句子。到此, 我们对这一语法有了全面的认识。

随堂进行练习检测, 效果很好。通过这节课, 我明白了一个道理:教师在平时教学中, 要敢于尝试, 敢于挑战, 敢于突破。我们相信, 在教师的正确引导、鼓励下, 学生的潜能能最大限度地发挥, 并会有意想不到的收获。

参考文献

[1]刘建华.中学英语创新教法[M].北京:学苑出版社, 1999:126-129.

现在完成时 篇10

1.其句子结构是:

肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

否定句:主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去分词

一般疑问句:have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其它…?

回答:Yes,I have./No,I haven’t.

Yes,she has./No,she hasn’t.

1)过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。

例如:I have just eaten dinner.

2)过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。

例如:I have lived here for three years.

I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.

2.现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。

例如:1)I have studied English since last year.

我从去年开始学习英语。

2)She has lived in Beijing for five years.

她住在北京已经五年了。

注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury和marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的,不能延续的,故不能与for…,since…等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过,这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用,即动作的发生是可以持续的。

不能说:a.He has come to Beijing for two years.

b.He has bought that book for three weeks.

c.He has joined the Army for one and a half years.

d.His grandma has died for nine months.

e.I have received his letter for a month.

可以说:a.He has been in Beijing for two years.

b.He has had that book for three weeks.

c.He has been in the army for one and a half years.

d.His grandma has been dead for nine months.

e.I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.

或者说:a.It is two years since he came to Beijing.

b.It is three weeks since he bought that book.

c.It is one and a half years since he joined the army.

d.It is nine months since his grandma died.

3、现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来,一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下:

a.I have cleaned my room.(My room is clean now.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。

b.I cleaned my room last week.(I did it in the past.)我上周打扫了我的房间。

c.Father has gone to Xiamen.(He went to Xiamen and he is not here now.)爸爸已经去厦门了。

d.They have bought a dictionary.(They bought a dictionary and they have it now.)

他们买了一本字典。

注意:现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如:yesterday,last,year,in 1976,two days ago,just now,when she came in等)连用,但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)连用;也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如:today,this morning,this week,this year等)连用。

A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体的过去时间。

1)for+表示一段时间的短语

2)since+表示过去时间点的词语

3)since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句

例如:I have been a doctorfora year.

He has been in this hospitalsince1992.

We have worked heresincewe came to this hospital.

B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续。

例如:Have youeverbeen to Beijing?

I havejustfi nished my homework.

I have fi nished my homeworkalready.

I haven’t fi nished my homeworkyet.

already“已经”;yet“仍然,还”这两个副词常常用于完成时态,其中already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。

例如:a.Jim has already fi nished his work.(Jim已经把他的工作做完了。)

b.Mother hasn’t come home yet.(妈妈还没回来。)

c.Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet?(你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗?)

d.She has already fi nished her work.(她已经把工作做完了。)

e.I haven’t read the story yet.(我还没读过这个故事。)

f.Have you met him before?(你从前曾见过他吗?)

g.Lily has always been a good student.(Lily一直是个好学生。)

比较:

h.I have seen him this morning.我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午)

i.I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上)

j.It has been cold this winter.今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)

4、现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念,有时两者可以互相代用,但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时;如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。

5、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

现在完成时:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态,强调的是现在的情况,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用(如:in 1990,last Sunday等)。

一般过去时:一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系(即动作或状态在现在已经结束),它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

6.在现在完成时中ever,never,just,already,yet在用法和意思上有什么区别?

现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例如:Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗?(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。)

例如:I have bought two apples.我买了两个苹果。(“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。

在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。

例如:

a.I have already fi nished my homework?我已经做完家庭作业了。

b.He has just had his meal.他刚吃过饭。

c.Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?

d.They haven‘t started yet.他们还没有身。

e.We have never heard of it.我们从来没有听说过这件事。

7.have been in,have been to与have gone to的用法

1)Have(has)been in意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。

例如:a.Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

b.They have been in Canada for fi ve years.他们到加拿大有五年了。

2)Have(has)been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用。

例如:a.I’ve just been to the post offi ce.我刚才去邮局了。

b.Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗?

c.Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。

3)Have(has)been to后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。

例如:a.I’ve been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。

b.They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

4)Have(has)gone to意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。

例如:—Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里?

—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了

例如:a.He has gone to Hong Kong.他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)

b.He has been to Hong Kong.他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港,现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)

总结:Have been to/in和have gone to的区别

1)have/has been to+地名去过某地(去过已回来);

2)have/has gone to+地名去了某地(还没回来);

现在完成时一点就通 篇11

一、考查与现在完成时连用的时间状语

1. —Chen Jie, the workers _________ our new library already.

—Really? I’ll go there and borrow some books. (2007年浙江宁波)

A. decorateB. are decorating

C. have decoratedD. were decorated

2. I have known the writer for several years. I am reading his latest book, but I__________ it yet. (2006年江苏宿迁)

A. have finished B. hadn’t finished

C. am not finishingD. haven’t finished

3. —Would you like to see the film with me?

—I’m sorry I _________ it twice. (2007年北京)

A. see B. will see

C. have seen D. am seeing

4. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.

—Oh, not at all. I ___________ for only several minutes. (2007年湖北襄樊)

A. will be B. have been

C. was D. had been

5. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?

—Very much, of course. I _________ this school since I moved here.

(2006年湖北黄冈)

A. came toB. have gone to

C. have been atD. have been to

6. In the past few years there __________ great changes in my hometown.

(2007年天津)

A. have been B. were

C. had beenD. are

[一点就通]

与现在完成时连用的时间状语主要有以下几类：①already, ever, just, never, yet, recently等表示时间的副词；②once, twice, three times等表示次数的词或词组；③for连接的表示一段时间的词组；④since连接的表示过去某一时刻的词、词组或时间状语从句。需要注意的是，since引导的状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。⑤in the past/last+一段时间，意为“在过去的……”。

二、考查have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别

7. —Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?

—Sorry. He __________ the Xuanwu Lake Park. (2007年江苏南京)

A. has been to B. went to

C. has gone to D. will go to

8. —Please tell me how many times _________ to the Summer Palace.

—Only once. (2007年江苏无锡)

A. have you gone B. you have gone

C. have you been D. you have been

[一点就通]

have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，可能在途中，也可能已经到达了目的地；have/has been to意为“（曾经）去过某地”，现在已经回来了。

三、考查现在完成时与for, since连用表示持续性动作或状态的用法

9. My father _________ on business for two week. He will return in 3 days.

(2007年内蒙古乌兰察布)

A. leftB. has left

C. has goneD. has been away

10. —How long have you __________ your watch? It looks new.

—Only about three weeks. (2007年浙江宁波)

A. had B. bought

C. received D. borrowed

11. —I’m sorry, John. I _________ your radio for such a long time.

—Never mind. You can still ___________ it a little longer if you like.

(2007年内蒙古呼和浩特)

A. have borrowed; kept

B. have lent; kept

C. have kept; keep

D. have returned; kept

12. It __________ ten years since we last ________ in Beijing. (2006年河北)

A. was, metB. has been, met

C. was, meet D. is, meet

13. —Hi. I_________ you for a long time.

—Iin Beijing. I have just come back. (2007年湖北随州)

A. hadn’t seen; amB. haven’t seen; shall be

C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; was

[一点就通]

在现在完成时的肯定句中，谓语只能是持续性动词，不能用终止性动词，常见的终止性动词有come, go, leave, join, arrive, buy, die等。如果要表达这些动作发生了多长时间，需要把它们转换成能够表示持续意义的动词或短语，常见的转换方法有：①转换成“be+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”这种系表结构。如，come→ be in, go→ be at, leave→ be away, join the army→ be a soldier/in the army, die→ be dead等；②用延续性动词替换终止性动词，如，buy→ have, borrow → keep等；③用“It is/has +一段时间+since+从句(用一般过去时)”表示；④用“一段时间+has passed + since+从句(用一般过去时)”表示。

注意：终止性动词在现在完成时的否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

现在完成时 篇12

一、教学现状剖析

教师们习惯于“温故而知新”, 但如果在“温故”时“烫剩饭”, 然后“一帆风顺”进入新课的学习, 再“平铺直叙”地进行新授, 整节课就“微波不惊”。 这样的语法课堂, 是我们的常态课, 我们习惯于这样的“实”, 忽略教学的“效”, 课堂上缺少“灵动”、“新”和“趣”。

对于该语法教学, 教师们习惯于引导学生复习回顾现在完成时的概念、意义、结构和用法等, 重点复习现在完成时与alredy/yet、for/since等连用, 然后话题一转 ———今天我们接着学习现在完成时的另一个用法:动作从过去开始, 持续到现在, 并且有可能继续下去。 于是常见的十几个瞬间动词与非瞬间动词的转化便成为教学的中心任务, 学生被动接受, 教师一味地“灌”, 学生无条件地“装”, 师生们都没注意到“容器”早就“露出大洞”, 久而久之, 教学质量高与低且不论, 学生的善思、善悟等意识和能力被束之高阁, 抑制学生兴趣的发展、学习能力的提高。

二、引导学生“温故”, 引学生“就范”

我在教学时基本沿袭“温故知新”的态势, 但注重方法方式, 注重“投石击水”, 收到“泛起层层涟漪”之效, 引导学生在温故中出现错误———引学生“就范”, 在错误上做文章, 帮助学生走出错误误区, 透视出错的原因, 然后“对症下药”。 整个过程, 教师是导学者、引学者、领路人, 导学生会学, 引学生学会。

1.引导学生出错

在复习环节, 先让学生合作交流、回顾现在完成时的用法, 重点引导学生复习现在完成时的用法之一———和for/since连用。 复习环节应简明扼要, 不可以拖泥带水, 否则, 复习的时间长、内容多, 势必影响新授课的时间和效果。

如果简单引导学生学习现在完成时中的几个时间副词的用法, 尤其指出与for和since连用的用法, 然后给出一个句子, 或翻译或让学生完成动词填空, 都可以收到一样的效果。如“他爷爷死了5年了。”:His grandpa %%%% (die) for 5 years.学生们会不假思索而写出has died。

于是, 在学生的答案上打上鲜明的“×”, 学生“Why”的质疑声、不服气、惊讶的表情等弥漫于教室的上空。 此时, 教师在学生的“惊讶”中, 在for 5 years下画上线, 再在die上作标注, 给以巧妙地点拨:动词die“死”, 是指脉搏停止跳动、心脏不再跳动, 那么, die会不会持续5年? 谁会这口气5年才咽下?

形象的提示、巧妙的点拨, 学生恍然大悟。 寥寥数语, 瞬间动词的意义学生豁然开朗。 再引导学生, 怎样才能表达出“死5年了”?引导学生试着说出, 不能用die, 应该用be dead, 到此, 问题的答案浮出水面, 学生们频频点头, 有所思、有所悟。

2.引学生拓展

在学生理解了应该用has been dead后, 教师进一步提出思考性、探究性的问题:我不想改动词, 那么, 这个句子可以怎样表达?

学生经过对“他爷爷死了5年了。 ”的分析, 得出“他爷爷是5年前死的。 ”“他爷爷从死到现在已经有5年了。 ”等, 于是, 教师和学生们一起探究出其同义句:His grandpa died 5 years ago. It is 5 years since his grandpa died .通过同一句的拓展和补充, 进一步使学生理解die瞬间动词, 改为非瞬间动词be dead的原因, 让学生知其然更知其所以然。

3.开展brainstorming游戏

瞬间动词除了die之外, 还有很多, 可以开展brainstorming游戏, 让学生说出更多的瞬间动词, 如begin, leave, join, come, go, get married, arrive, buy, borrow, finish等。 给学生足够多的时间自主思考、合作学习等方式, 探究出这些瞬间动词的非瞬间动词形式的改写, 虽然这个过程有歧义、有争论, 但学生们学会了思考、学会了交流, 改变了教师给出一张互相改写的表格要学生背诵的简单方式。 知识构建主义者认为, 学生自主构建的知识才是永恒的。 这也是灌输教学、接受型学习低效、无效的主要原因。

语法教学, 仁者见仁, 智者见智, 但从学生的错误入手, 引导他们分析错误的原因, 引导学生且学且思、且思且用, 改变一言堂的依法教学, 构建学生“学而思”、“思而启”、创新的互动课堂, 学生可真正成为课堂的主宰者, 语法课堂才会有生命力和张力, 才会绽放灵动的思维, 彰显生命的生机。

参考文献

[1]孙翠月.利用错误资源提高初中英语教学水平[J].中学教学参考, 2012 (9) .