大学英语四级优秀作文

大学英语四级优秀作文（精选8篇）

大学英语四级优秀作文 篇1

参考范文：

As is vividly depicted in the picture, there is a boy playing a phone happily at home, not wanting to go to school, with his father begging him to give up playing games and go to school worriedly. Furthermore, there is a caption under the picture, which reads “Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?” The drawer’s intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking.

Admittedly, phone plays an essential part in this information era. We should not, however, neglect the significance of learning independently. To begin with, learning independently is the tradition of our culture. Not only should we inherit from our ancestors, but also we should hand down to our descendants. It is the spirit of learning independently that makes us better and stronger. What is more, learning independently, one of the greatest fashionable themes of our era throughout the history of mankind all around the world that I have ever known in my whole life, which is the greatest that there ever was and the greatest that there ever will be, is momentous and fundamental to people what the soul is vital and significant to us. If it had not been for learning independently, we could not have been success.

Judging from the reams of evidence, it is safe for us to conclude that learning independently is a critical quality for success. Only if we acquire this quality and work hard toward our goals, can we achieve success.

大学英语四级优秀作文 篇2

一、了解大学英语教学要求和作文评分标准

《大学英语课程教学要求》指出大学阶段的英语教学要求分为三个层次, 即一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。一般要求是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生应达到的基本要求, 其中对书面表达能力的要求是:能完成一般性写作任务, 能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等, 能写常见的应用文, 能在半小时内就一般性话题或提纲写出不少于120词的短文, 内容基本完整, 中心思想明确, 用词恰当, 语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。了解教学要求后, 考生在备考过程中就会有的放矢。此外, 考生还要熟悉四级作文的评分标准。大学英语四级作文题采用总体评分方法, 即阅卷人员在通读文章后就总体印象给出分数, 具体的评分标准如下:

2分—条理不清、思路紊乱, 语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误, 且多数为严重错误。

5分—基本切题。表达思想不够清楚, 连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

8分—基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚, 文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多, 其中有一些是严重错误。

11分—切题。表达思想清楚, 文字连贯, 但有少量语言错误。

14分—切题。表达思想清楚, 文字通顺, 连贯性较好, 基本上无语言错误, 仅有个别小错。

[注:白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想, 则给0分]

由此可见, 阅卷老师从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。因此, 考生要想在作文部分得高分, 既要保证作文切题, 又要保证用词准确、表达清楚。

二、掌握常用的写作套路

通过分析近五年的11套四级考题, 我们可以总结出作文部分的考查重点。其中, 5套作文题目涉及社会热点问题, 其余6套涉及大学校园生活。体裁主要以议论文为主, 11套题中有9套要求写议论文, 其他两套要求写应用文。因此, 在备考过程中, 考生应该多关注一些社会热点问题, 多阅读相关的评论报道, 以便为考试积累大量素材;而且, 多考虑一些同自己学习生活息息相关的话题, 只有这样才能在考试写作过程中做到有话可说, 写出内容充实的文章。此外, 掌握不同体裁作文的写作模式也是非常重要的。下文将结合近五年的四级作文题目, 重点介绍一下几种议论文的写作套路。

(一) 对比选择型

对比选择型议论文的立意在于对事物“利”与“弊”的分析。这类作文通常是对一个观点或事物的正反两方面或者两个不同的观点或事物进行对比, 从而引出主题, 得出结论。这种作文可以采用如下写作模式。第一段:简单提及现象或事物, 并阐述该现象或事物的甲方观点;第二段:阐述乙方不同观点;第三段:通过甲、乙两种观点或事物的对比得出结论, 或提出自己的观点。2006年12月的四级作文题目“On the Spring Festival Gala”, 就可采用上面这种写作模式。首先, 考生应该阐述甲方观点 (喜欢看春节晚会) ;然后, 指出乙方观点 (取消春节晚会) , 并简要说明他们的理由;最后, 考生应该表明自己的观点, 并提出建议。然而, 2008年6月的作文题目是“Recreational Activities”, 要求考生阐述娱乐活动的利与弊, 并提出自己看法。显然, 这篇对比选择型作文就应该采用不同的写作模式。即:第一段简单介绍现象或事物 (采用例证方法说明娱乐活动多种多样) ;第二段分析该现象或事物的好处和不利之处 (娱乐活动可能使人受益, 也可能有危害性) ;第三段通过对一种观点或事物的利弊分析得出结论, 或提出自己的看法。

(二) 问题对策型

2009年6月的“Free Admission to Museums”、12月的“Create a Green Campus”和2010年12月的“How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independnet?”都属于问题对策型的议论文。这种作文的立意在“how”, 以“方法”“途径”“怎么样”为短文的核心, 是重点落笔之处。这类题目通常先说明情况, 提出问题, 随后提出解决办法, 最后给予评价。具体的写作模式是第一段描述现状、形式、困难, 提出问题;第二段提出解决问题的方法, 是重点段;第三段简单评价提及的方法。例如, 针对2010年12月的作文题目, 考生应该先采用例证法描述一下目前不少父母为孩子包办一切, 指出这一现象所产生的严重后果, 进而提出应该培养孩子独立能力这一问题;然后, 考生重点阐述父母应该如何做才能帮助孩子独立, 可提两三种方法并简单扩展;最后, 简单评价、总结一下。

(三) 原因阐释型

原因阐释型作文的立意在于“why”, 以探究产生某一社会现象或问题的原因或理由为短文主体。这类题目通常先描述某一社会现象或问题现状, 然后阐释产生这一现象的原因, 最后对此做出评述或提出解决思路。具体的写作流程是第一段对某一社会现象或问题现状进行描述;第二段阐释产生这一社会现象的深层次原因;第三段针对该现象发表个人看法或提出解决思路。最近五年的考题中, 2007年12月的“What Electives to Choose”、2010年6月的“Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling”都可归为原因阐释型议论文。例如, 考生答2010年6月的作文题时, 首先指出如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写这一现象非常普遍, 可举例稍微加以扩展;然后, 重点分析出现这种现象的具体原因, 一般给出2-3个原因;最后, 结合原因, 对症下药, 提出改变这种状况的措施。

(四) 现象阐述型

现象阐述型作文主要阐述某一现象或观点。这类题目通常先指明一种现象或提出一种观点, 然后对这一现象或观点进行阐述, 最后得出结论或发表个人见解。这种作文的写作流程是第一段为概述, 简要描述某一现象或观点;第二段为具体阐述, 详细阐述现象或观点的正确性或危害性等;第三段为个人见解, 重申观点或表明自己的态度、看法。此类作文题目只在2008年12月的四级考题中出现过一次, 要求考生论述一次性塑料袋的使用和限用问题。撰写这篇作文时, 考生应该先概述一次性塑料袋广为使用这一现象;然后, 阐述这一现象的危害性, 即广泛使用一次性塑料袋所产生的2-3个问题;最后, 提出限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义。

(五) 例证阐发型

例证阐发型文章的主要写作手段是运用举例法。举例是最有效的说明和论证手段, 通过举例说明和论证可以化抽象为具体, 复杂为简易, 增强读者的阅读兴趣, 提高文章的说服力。举例应典型充分、切中主题、具体生动、安排恰当。例证阐发型作文的写作流程是:第一段解释谚语、成语等所蕴涵的道理并点明主题或直接点明主题;第二段运用实例阐述主题;第三段重申主题, 呼应开头。这种类型的作文题目未在近五年的四级考题中出现。

三、提高英语语言表达能力

文章的内容和语言是一个统一体, 作文应该表达题目所规定的内容, 而内容要通过语言来表达。要想写出高分作文, 考生除了掌握常用的写作模式, 还要提高自己的英语表达能力, 将内容清楚准确地表达出来。

(一) 背诵、模仿经典范文

在教学过程中, 笔者要求学生背诵所学课文的经典段落以及其他经典美文。一年之后, 学生的英语表达能力有了很大提高。因此, 考生应在平时多背诵一些高分作文或其他经典范文。注意积累地道的词、词组和句型结构, 并经常模仿使用, 将其内化为自己的知识。只有这样, 考生才能在考试过程中熟练运用所记的表达方式。

(二) 多写多练, 熟能生巧

大学英语四级优秀作文 篇3

【摘 要】英语四级考试的作文令许多同学头疼,本文介绍了写作中的应急对策和需要注意的问题,可以帮助考生得到满意的分数,取得理想的成绩。

【关键词】四级写作;应急对策;联想;词汇;语句

中图分类号:G633.4文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-8283(2010)07-0214-01

1 大学英语四级写作应急对策

我们知道,在四级写作中,词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。如果一个单词的意思表达不清,一般也是因为用词不当而造成的。一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去?这里作者向备考四级的同学们介绍以下三种简便易行的应急措施,希望对你会有所帮助。

1.1 使用笼统词是写作中的小窍门

笼统词关键在于意义较为广泛,构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。尽管不能准确表达某些意思,但能大致表达意思。因此,学生在作文中可以尽可能使用含义笼统的词汇,会给考生带来意想不到的效果。

例如:我想去参加一个重要的会议。这里很多考生会想到使用“join in或attend the meeting,其实不然,我们也可以使用have,因为该词意思较广,属于笼统词汇,同样可以收到相同的效果。同樣的例子还有:

They occupied the city. = They took the city.

The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.

从以上的例句不难看出,具体词音节较多,使用频率不高,容易遗忘,而笼统词则不然。因此,在作文应试中,笼统词取代具体词,不失为一种应急良策。

1.2 联想相关单词,有助于行文

对于学生尤其是考生来说,在四级写作中尽量发挥自己的想象力,展开自己的写作思维空间,尽可能将一个单词,以此类推出多个意思接近或相关的单词来并且利用它们的内在联系,多层次,多角度地运用词汇。我们可按下列思路进行联想:联想同义词或反义词。

英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律,由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子:

The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.

在这个例子中,delicious,tasty,nice to eat均有同样的意思,因此,对于学生来说,只要联想出其中任何一个单词,都可以表达清楚该句的意思,只是这三种表达的区别是:正式语和非正式语之分。

英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的,也就是我们常说的同义词,因为丰富的同义词给我们写作提供了很大的方便。

同样,我们也可以反义词来替代某些遗忘的词,请看下面的例子:.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

1.3 多用解释性语句,文章的层次会更加清楚

语言的功能在于表达,而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到??以沟通。英语当中多功能解释性语句,就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子:

He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.

He refused. = He said “no”.

I‘ve never seen such a stubborn person. = Ive never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advice.

四六级作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义,段落,层次有系统性,语法正确,而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。所以,就考试而言,碰到难词或遗忘词时,过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的,而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术,运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式,从而能够运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章,轻松自如地驾驭语言,把握时机,以聪明克服缺陷,以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙,以少胜多,最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

2 大学英语写作需注意的问题

2.1写作时间的合理分配

有同学草草看完题目要求,就匆匆下笔,结果跑题万里。如果文章偏离主题,那就不得高分。所以,建议考生用大概5分钟时间先审题,定下大概写作方向,写下重点单词,勾勒出文章的大概框架。

接下来用20分钟左右的时间来写文章。

写完文章后,考生还应用2-5分钟时间来检查文章。考生如果不检查文章,就会自觉不自觉地犯一些错误,尤其是单数复数的错误和时态的错误。

2.2 掌握拓展语言的方法(即如何安排行文的顺序)

考生往往不知道如何下笔,不知道写什么内容,每个句子都得花很多时间来思考。如果有一个比较好的思路来引导我们,那写文章就会轻松多了。所以,建议考生在考前掌握如何通过因果关系、时间顺序、空间顺序等来扩展思维。另外,还要掌握如何分析原因,如何提供方法,如何做一些简单的评论。

2.3 增加语言的亮点

为了让作文得更好的分数,考生应该了解一些得分技巧,比如在单词层面上,单词要有变化,而且部分单词要有四级难度。如一篇四级范文中,考生用believe, think, maintain三个不同单词来表示"认为",这就体现了变化,maintain一词也体现了四级难度。很多四级考生在写文章时会习惯性地用中学时学的单词,所以文章即使错误较少,也不能得一个较高的分数。另外,在句子层面上,需要长短句有机结合,不要从头到尾都是简单句,比如可以加一个定语从句,状语从句,插入语等。这些语言的运用可以让阅卷老师知道我们所能掌握的语言复杂级别。当然,也没有必要从头到尾都写长难句。

3 结语

笔者需要提醒的是,作文的格式化意味着模板的可实际操作性的加强,但是基础写作能力绝对不能忽视。模板的填空部分总得自己写,同时对模板本身的语法分析也必不可少,以避免出现语法错误。从四级考试写作的测试目的来看,还是注重考查学生对基本语法、基本词汇运用能力的掌握情况。所以除了模板之外,考生还要在基本表达上狠下功夫,只有在平时多操练,在考场上才游刃有余。除此之外,学生还要在作文中多采用闪光点,这样就会使作文在基本分数上有所提升,有所突破。

げ慰嘉南:

[1] 丁往道等.英语写作基础教程.北京:高等教育出版社.2001.

[2] 《大学英语》项目组.大学体验英语综合教程3.北京:高等教育出版社.2003.

[3] 沙云龙.大学英语四级考试历年全真试题解析.北京:群言出版社.2007.

大学英语四级作文 篇4

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in the 21st century(生活在21世纪的优缺点)

Living in the 21st century offers certain advantages,such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment.To begin with, most people now have more money for less hard work.They earn higher salaries than before and enjoy better social security, such as social welfare for laid-off workers and disability insurance.Secondly, because of the advance in medical technology which leads to better medical care and

treatment, peoples life expectancy is longer.Moreover, most people now can afford to buy foods of high nutrition and enjoy their leisure time.Thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, TV, internet, various vehicles and labour-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well.Nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages.The most serious one is the

increasingly polluted environment;air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by iehemicals from factories.Another main disadvantage is the personalization of human relattonships which mostly result from peoples ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers.Still one more disadvantage is the weakening of spiritual values.An undeniable fact is that a large number of people are solely interested in materialistic culture,while neglecting spiritual civilization.Limited by space, we have to skip the examples.In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages, it may not have made us wiser, because it has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spirituali iife poorer, We shpuld continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancement,however, we must

make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations.Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in anihcreasingly impersonal, computerized world.二 On responsibility.（关于个人责任）

We Chinese place a high value on responsibility.It is traditional deal for us Chinese to take care of our parents.We owe them a great deal for the love they give us while we are growing up.It is right, then, when they are getting older with each passing day, we help them and see that they are well cared for.In this way, we give back some of the love and care they have given to us.As loyal Chinese citizens, we must have a strong sense of responsibility to our country.I t is our duty to keep China strong in the eyes of the world.Therefore, we should study and work hard for China’s strongness which also depends on the advanced science and technology.We must be willing to join the Army and defend our country, would we be threatened by an invader(侵入者).In short, to be a

responsible citizen ,we must put our country’s welfare above our own needs.Finally, we must remember that we have a responsibility to the world we live in.It is important that we learn to live in peace with the other nations of the world and to protect our environment.If we carry out these responsibilities, we will be respected（受尊敬的）citizens of our country.三 如何看待挑战

For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields.There are not only

physical challenges, but also social and intellectual（聪明的）challenges.Some people risk（冒„险）their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do.Others try to make and invent（发明）something to make life easier.They all enjoy challenges.Why do people enjoy these challenges? There are probably many reasons.One is curiosity.The other is the personal feeling of success, of achievement, and nowadays, for some people, it is a business.Today, we still have many challengers before us.Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases which still attack human beings.Engineers and planners must build new cities, design and produce new kinds of transportation.Scientists must develop new forms of energy.In short, we live in an age of challenges.四 My View on Job-Hopping

1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为„„。

2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为„„。

3.我的看法。

Many people are inclined to do one job in their lives.In their opinions, people who change their jobs

frequently are superficial and tactless.They believe that the only way to success is to stick to one job, for constant practice in a professional field helps make an txpert.But there are still many people who dont agree.They argue that change means progress.If you are not satisfied with your present job, of course you have the right to replace it with a more challenging and better paid one.Every change is a step to further success.This idea may be.the reason why they change their jobs so often.For my part, I think it reasonable to change your job if you have a better opportuniry.But once you have found a position where you can fully display your ability, it is advisable to settle down to it and put all your efforts into it.Only in this way, can you get the true joy of achieving your goal.我对更换职业的看法

许多人喜好终身从事一种工作。他们看来，经常更换职业的人浅薄，不老练。他们认为成功之道是终守一职，因为在自己的业务领域中反复实践有助于成才。

但是，也有许多人不同意以上观点，他们认为变更就是进步。如果你不满意目前的工作，当然你有权力换一个更具挑战性的，待遇更好的工作。每一次更换就会向着更加成功迈进一步。这种观点也许是他们不断更换职业的原因。

就我而言，我认为若有更好的机会，更换一下职业是合情合理的。但是，一日找到一份你能展示你的才干的职业，就该专心致志把它做好。只有如此，你才能真正享受到取得成就的欢乐。

五 Environmental pollution

I read a piece of news recently.It says that in Japan marly businessmen ave selling fresh air to

customers.and now it is becoming more and more popular.Why?--Fresh air is getting less and less in Japan, and so is it in the U.S.A.In fact, environmental pollution is a very serious problem the whole world is facing.it is mainly caused by the waste products released from artificial substances, industrial

production and increased consumption of goods.Bedsides, the use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes environmental pollution.Look at the sky, you can see that dense smoke is being released from the high and big chimneys;those dirty and poisonous substances are flowing into the rivers that we use for drinking water and millions of tons of waste products are heaping around us.How to change this condition? More and more countries are trying to work out some effective means to bring it under control, but no great success has been made.六 1.大学生了解社会的必要性 3.我打算怎么做

2.了解社会的途径(大众媒介，社会服务等)

With the development of our society, the campus no longer is an “Ivory Tower”.It is necessary for college students to go outside to get to know the world.They should acquire knowledge not only from books but also from the society.Thus（因此）they can adapt to society more quickly after they graduate from school.Science and technology are developing rapidly with each passing day.Most students can keep themselves informed by watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspapers and using

computers.Its also good to take a part-time job, such as tutoring（辅导）, or working in a restaurant.Any of these methods will enable students to get in touch with society.Summer vacation will soon be here.Ive already enrolled（登记）to be a volunteer to help

others.I think I can do well.Although I wont be paid, the most important thing is that I can learn a lot about society.七 1.面试在求职过程中的作用

2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是

Nowadays, in an ever tighter job market, great importance has been attached to an interview by both the employer and the applicant.The interview, so to speak, has become indispensable for getting a satisfactory job.On the one hand, the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the candidates, such as their work experiences, education and their personalities, so as to pick out the right person for the company.On the other hand, the interviewee can make use of the opportunity to get to know the job he is going to take up, the salary, the working conditions and many other things about the job he is interested in.Therefore, the job interview is very important to a job-hunter.But how can one succeed in it?

Firstly of all, the interviewee must pay attention to his or her appearance.The first impression is always where we start.Get dressed properly and neatly.Secondly, good manners are equally important.Don’t be too proud, and neither too timid.Just be courteous.Thirdly, the interviewee must demonstrate his aptitude and skills for the job and his knowledge about eh job-related areas.Be confident.Last but not the least, the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic

background,To sum up, the job interview is indeed important, but there is no need to be nervous.As long as the interviewee has the ability for the job, with careful preparation and a fairly confident and honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.七

1、现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2、网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题

3、我的建议

Online Shopping

Several decades ago, it should be a marvelous wonder to purchase our favorite gifts only by clicking the mouse and then just waiting for the door knock by a smiling expressive delivery courier with the exact package you ordered.While, today, it is no long a rare case.Combined with the fast food, the digital

communication , online shopping has been a common part of our life.Admittedly, on line shopping offers magical convenience.For example, it saves time and offers numerous choices since floods of information can be supplied on Internet.While, every coin has tow sides and online shopping is no different.Have you still remembered the annoying time when you found the commodities you

buy on Internet was not the slightest as what you had expected and long time had to be taken for its replace and even compensation.Actually, just with the seemingly beautiful pictures of the products on Internet, it is hard for us to make rational choices.After all, seeing is believing.Then, what should we do? The foremost is to enforce establish some relevant laws and regulations, with strong supervision over some shopping websites being reinforced as well.Then, the consumers also should be equipped with more alert in case of being trapped once again.Remember, any fast –and-easy things asks for big prices to be paid.八 怎样改善学生的心理健康1.学生心理健康的重要性

2.学校应该怎样做

3.学生自己应该怎样做

How to improve psychological health?

As is known to all, psychological health is as important as, if not more important than, physical health for a student during his/her growth.However, its quite worrying that nowadays some students are not quite psychologically healthy.Undoubtedly, schools nd universities should take great account in the responsibilities of studentspsychological health.Relevant courses and

activities should be introduced to students so that they would be more aware of the significance of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it.For example, there should be a psychological counseling hotline or office for students to turn to when they need some psychological aid.Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves.From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools.To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as voluntary work to cultivate an opening and caring mind.Meanwhile, harmful impacts from the cyber space should definitely be avoided

九 Is Failure a Bad Thing?

1.失败是常有的事。2.人们对失败有各种态度、。3.我对失败的态度。

Failure is not a stranger to life.It can happen anywhere, anytime and to anyone.No person succeeds all the time.The more development you want to make, the more failure you might encounter.So, people are faced with failure now and then.There are different attitudes towards failure.Some people are afraid of failure and they can not bear the blow of failure, so they stay where they are and try to not to mike progress.Some optimists, however, fight against failure bravely and achieve all his aims at last.My attitude is that we aren’t afraid of failure.When we meet with failure, we don’t lose heart.We should call up all our courage and persist in what you are engaged in.Remember the proverb: Where there is a will, there is a way.失败是坏事吗？

失败是常有的事。失败可以随时随地发生在任何人身上。常胜将军是没有的。你越想要取得成就，你就越有可能遇到更多的失败。所以人们时时都会遇到失败。

对待失败人们有各种有同的态度。有些人惧怕失败，他们承受不起失败的打击，因此，他们踟蹰不前，不

思进取。然而些乐观的人勇敢地同失败作斗争，最终实现了所有的目标。

我的态度是不怕失败。当我们遇到困难时，不可丧失信心。我们应当鼓足勇气，坚持我们从事的事业。要记住：有志者事竟成。

Education

Aducation is not an end, but a means to an end.In other words, we

do not educate children only for educating them.Our purpose is to fit them for life.In some modern countries it has been fashionable to think that free education for all can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation.But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees refusing to do what they think is “low”work, and.in fact, working with ones hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely

uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor~ we can live without education,but we die if we have no food.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns.In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work is suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of ones work.Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.教育

教育不是目的，而是达到目的的手段。换句话说，我们教育孩子不仅仅是为了使他们受到教育。我们的目的是让他们适应生活。

在有些现代国家中有种流行的想法，那就是全民义务教育可以解决一切社会问题、建立起完美的国家。但我们也能看到，仅有全民义务教育是远远不够的。我们发现在这些国家中，很多拥有大学学位的人拒绝从事那些他们认为“低等”的工作，实际上，在这些国家里，体力劳动被认为是肮脏、丢人的。但只要我们想一下就能明白，其实那些完全没受过教育的农民的工作要比教授的工作重要得多；没有教育我们可以生活，但是没有食物我们只有死路一条。如果没有人每天清扫街道，把垃圾从我们家中运走，我们的城镇就会感染可怕的疾病。·

事实上，当我们说所有的人都必须接受教育以适应生活的时候，意思是我们必须受到这样的教育：第一，每个人都可以做任何适合自己智力、能力的工作的；第二，我们应

大学英语四级作文 篇5

one day, when we were all in classroom., wang fang suddenly cried,, oh! we all looked at her and found that she was groaning. teacher turned to ask her what was wrong. she said, i have got a fever, my head is very hot!

immediately, our teacher sent her to hospital, and we all followed them. in the hospital, we asked doctor wang to give an injection to her, and she gradually became calm and not as hot as before. we all thanked the doctor.

the day has passed, but it is clearly in my mind. i think if we can do things like that in the incident, the society will be better, and the relationship between people will be better as well!

大学英语四级作文 篇6

塑料袋的问题

Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are provided in big supermarkets and corner stores. These bags do make peoples life more convenient. They dont need to carry cloth bags, or baskets with them when going shopping. They are also very cheap so many people always buy them.

在日常生活的广大范围内都能找到塑料袋的踪影。大型超市和街角的商店都提供塑料袋。这些袋子确实使人们的生活更加方便。他们不需要随身携带布袋子或篮子去购物。塑料袋也很便宜，所以很多人经常买。

However, plastic bags also bring side effects. The plastic bags some people throw away casually cause the white pollution to our environment, which is very harmful because plastic bags cannot be decomposed.

然而，塑料袋也带来了副作用。有些人随手扔掉塑料袋对我们的环境造成了白色污染，这是非常有害的，因为塑料袋无法分解。

People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the plastic bags into dustbins after the bags are used. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods instead of plastic bags.

大学英语作文动词搭配错误分析 篇7

(正) The doctor performed the operation.

(误) The committee performed a discussion

正确的表达应该是:

The committee held/had a discussion.

Perform与operation搭配, 而hold和have与discussion搭配。

文献综述。根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, 英文的搭配有多种形式, 比如形容词和名词的搭配 (bright/strong/intense light) 、动词和名词的搭配 (cast/emit/give/provide/shed light) 、名词和动词的搭配 (light gleams/glows/shines) 、名词和名词的搭配 (a light source) 等等。最近几年, 有学者借助语料库和其它手段对英语的词语搭配现象进行了有益的研究。Bengt Altenberg和Sylviane Granger (2001) 利用International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE) Louvain和Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS) 两个语料库, 对瑞典和法国高级英语学习者使用高频动词MAKE的相关搭配和美国学生的议论文进行了对比研究, 结果发现:EFL学习者要么过度或过少使用MAKE的搭配, 要么误用MAKE的搭配。Nadja Nesselhauf (2003) 对32篇International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE) 由德国高级英语学习者写的议论文章进行了动词+名词搭配分析, 找出了错误的搭配类型并分析了产生错误的原因。上述研究将重点放在对比EFL学习者和本族语学习者在使用动词搭配方面的差异, 主要分析大学英语四级作文动词和名词搭配的错误, 因为错误分析对英语写作和词汇学习更实用。改正语言失误才会有进步。

1研究方法。材料来自于桂诗春等创建的中国学习者英语语料库 (CLEC) 的子语料库大学英语四级作文。输入cc3对所有的动词+名词结构进行检索, 然后用人工的方法对检索结果进行统计、分类和分析。

2结果与分析。为了便于研究和观察, 首先要对这些错误搭配进行分类。把它们分为6种类型即汉语式英语、随意搭配、名词选择错误、冠词错误、介词错误和单复数错误等。随意搭配指的是英语中根本不存在这样的搭配。检索之后, 共发现各种动词类型错误搭配591个, 其中汉语式英语320个, 随意搭配225个。请看表1。

由表1可以看出, 汉语式英语和随意搭配两项错误最多, 总共是545个, 占大约92%, 而其它各项加起来才占大约8%。因此, 我们重点分析这两项错误。首先, 什么是汉语式英语?有一种观点认为中国式英文是中文和英文的混合语, 也有人认为中国式英文是任何起源于中国的不符合英文规范的 (broken) 英语, 这种英文通常出现在书面语中。后者比较全面。大学英语四级作文充斥着汉语式英文, 这可能是受到汉语的影响。请看下面的例证:

…利用我的优势为社会做些事情…

误:Using my advantage to work for the society…

正:Pressing home my advantage to work for the society…

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, Advantage前面常用的动词有:press home, have/gain, 等。

…接触各种各样的人…

误:…touch all kinds of people…

正:meet with/deal with people from all walks of life…

分析:TOUCH的英文解释是:to put yourhand or part of your body on someone or something用手抚摸或用身体的部位接触, 例如:The mother's fingers touched the little girl's cheek.

…扩大知识面…

误:…widen our range of the knowledge

正:…broaden the mind (=help you understand other people's belief, customs, etc.)

分析:BROADEN的英文解释是:to increase your experience, knowledge, etc.

…积累经验…

误:…accumulate the experience of (the society)

正:…broaden/gain/get/have our experience in/of (the society)

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, experience前面常用的动词有:have/lack/gain, get/broaden, 等。

…提高工作能力…

误:…raise their working ability

正:…develop their working ability

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, ability前面常用的动词有:develop/lack/loss/appreciate, 等。

…学知识或文化…

误:…learn knowledge or culture

正:…acquire/gain knowledge or learn to read and write

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, knowledge前面常用的动词有:acquire, gain/have/demonstrate, etc.另外, 很多人认为“学文化”就是learn culture, 实际上是“learn to read and write”, 就是读书识字之意;而culture一词包含很多的意义, 比如历史、哲学、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、文化传统等。Culture前面常用的动词有:assimilate (sb into) , 例如:Newcomers to the company are soon assimilated into the culture.另外还有create, develop, foster, produce等。

…这些年发展中国家的生活水平一直在提高…

误:…the living level of developing countries has been increasing through these years.

正:…people's living standard in developing countries has been improved/raised…

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, standard之前常用的动词有:improve, raise/lower/maintain等。

…建设我们的社会主义国家…

误:…construct our socialist country…

正:…serve our country…

分析:请注意英文construct (同义词build) 的用法。根据《麦克米伦美语词典》, 它的英文解释是1.to build sth large or complicated, such as a bridge or road.2.to create sth such as an idea or system by making various things fit together:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, country之前常用的动词有:leave/serve, love/betray/play for, 等。

…收入增加了…

误:…the income has raised…

正:…the income has increased/grown/risen…

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, income之前常用的动词有:increase, depend on/live on, 等。

其次, 我们来看一看四级作文动词随意搭配现象。所谓随意搭配就是指考生不知道怎样使用某个动词, 只是根据自己所掌握的知识, 似是而非地造出一个词语或句子。请看以下例证:

误:As long as we try our best, the crisis will be got over.

正:As long as we try our best, the crisis will be overcome.

误:…laws should be made to forbid pollution.

正:…laws should be passed to prevent pollution.

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, law之前常用的动词有:pass/annul, repeal/interpret, 等。

pollution之前常用的动词有:cause/avoid, prevent/combat, 等。

误:If we can handle these two measures…correctly, we can have enough fresh water.

正:If we adopt/take appropriate measures, we can save/protect our water resources.

分析:根据《牛津英语搭配词典》, measure之前常用的动词有:adopt, implement, impose, 等。

结束语

我们的学生从小学到大学, 一直认为学习英语词汇就是英汉对照, 即记住每个英文单词的汉语对应词, 并不知道英语词汇有很多的“道道”或“玄机”, 比如, 词汇有具体的词、抽象的词、有正式的词、有非正式的词、有含有文化内涵的词、有搭配不同的词等等。结果写出来的英文句子词不达意, 错误百出。因此, 认为, 在大学英语的教学过程中, 我们有必要告诉学生什么叫“搭配”。

参考文献

[1]Bengt Altengerg and Sylviane Granger.2001.The Grammatical and Lexical Patterning ofMAKE in Native and Non-native Student Writing[J], Applied Linguistics 22/2:173-194.

[2]Crowther, J.2003.Oxford Collocations[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and researchPress.

[3]Jack C.Richards, et al.2000.Longman Dictio-nary of Language Teaching&Applied Linguis-tics[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching andresearch Press.P.78.

[4]Nadja Nesselhauf.2003.The Use of colloca-tions by Advanced Learners of English and SomeImplications for Teaching[J], Applied Linguistics24/2:223-242.

大学英语四级优秀作文 篇8

一、主位结构理论概述

作为功能语法中篇章功能的重要组成部分，主位结构分析是检验句子序列能否构成语篇的重要方法之一。系统功能语法对主位结构在语篇发展中的作用做了系统深入的研究。

1.主位与述位

什么是主位?布拉格学派的创始人马泰休斯最早提出了主位、述位的概念：主位是话语的出发点；述位是围绕主位所说的话，是对主位的叙述、描写和说明，往往是话语的核心内容。而韩礼德则认为主位是信息的起点，是小句展开的出发点。如：

(1)Different people(主位)Ⅱ havedif－ferent go alsintheirlife(述位)，

(2)Inaword(主位)，Ⅱ ahappyfamilv is no wonder the most important thing in life(述位)，

(3)Quietly(主位)，Ⅱ he came into the office(述位)，

韩礼德根据主位本身结构的复杂程度，把主位结构划分为三种类型，即单项主位、复项主位(或叫多重主位)和句项主位。单项主位指句子中的主位成分只体现一种元功能，即概念功能、人际功能、语篇功能中的一种，它是一个独立的整体，不可以再分成更小的功能单位。其表现形式通常是名词词组、副词词组或介词词组。如以上三例中主位分别为名词词组、介词词组和副词词组。

复项或多重主位是由多种语义成分构成的主位，它总是含有一个表示概念意义的成分(概念主位)，另外还可能含有表示语篇意义(语篇主位)和人际意义(人际主位)的成分。如果这三种成分同时出现在同一个主位中的话，其排列顺序为‘语篇成分+人际成分+概念成分’。无论在何种情况下，概念成分即主题主位都是复项主位中的最后—个成分，其后的任何成分都是述位的组成部分。

句项主位是指当一个句子含有两个或两个以上并列关系或从属关系的小旬时，首先出现的整个小句构成主位，因此称为句项主位。因为句项主位只包含概念成分，胡壮麟认为其在本质上属于单项主位。

2.主位推进

当句子单独存在时，其主位和述位是确定的。在大多数语篇数语篇都是由两个或两个以上的句子构成的，前后句子的主位和主位，述位和述位，主位和述位之间就会发生某种联系和变化，这种联系和变化有其内在规律性，即主位不仅要起照应前文，保持连贯的作用，还要充当后面句子的出发点，推动话语的发展。

对于具体的主位推进模式，国内外不少学者曾总结出不同的划分模式，最常见的有以下4种：

1，放射型：句子主位相同，述位不同。如(T表示主位；R表示述位)：

(4)I(T1)Ⅱ was born of a decent mid－die-class family，and had my education at Winchester and Oxford(R1)，I (T2)Ⅱ thought ofbecoming a missionary。but was offered a post in the Board ofTrade，which I accepted (R2)，(选自全新版大学英语阅读教程第三册“Mr.Andrews”)

2，聚合型：句子主位各不相同，述位—致。如： (5)John (T1)Ⅱ likes foothall(R1)，Jim－my(T2)Ⅱ likesfootball(R2)，Every man(T3)Ⅱlikes football(R3)Ⅱ.

3.阶梯型：后一个句子的主位是前一个句子的述位或述位的一部分。如：

(6)For me (T1)，Ⅱ teaching is a red－eye，sweaty－palm，sinklng－stomach profession(R1)，Red－eye (T2)，Ⅱ becanse I neverfeel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up prepanng(R2)，Sweaty－palm (T3)，Ⅱ because I’m always nervous before I enter theclassroom...(R3)，Sinking－stomach(T4)， I L because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I Was even more boring than usual(R4)，(选自旧版大学英语精读第三册“Why I Teach”)

4.交叉型：后一个句子的主位和述位与前一个句子的主位和述位相互交叉或部分交叉。如：

(7)Mary (T1)Ⅱ bought a carpet(R1)，It (T2)Ⅱ was very expensive(R2)，Mary (T3)Ⅱliked expensive things(R3).

需要指出的是，在语篇发展过程中，经常出现多种模式混合使用的情况，不同的题材和体裁对主位模式的推进也有一定的制约作用。主位推进模式和信息流动有密切的关系，胡壮麟指出：“在一般情况下，主位所表达的信息是已知信息，述位所表达的信息是新信息。”因此，通过正确划分某个语篇各个小句与小句复合体的主位和述位，就可以知道讲话者想要传递的信息。

二、大学英语作文离题现象的探讨

1.语料选择

下文的分析中所选的语料是笔者本科一年级某班的学生的作文“What I Consider Important in Life”，作文提纲如下：①人生有不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福家庭……；②其中我认为重要的是……，理由是……；③我的观点。要求字数在150字左右。

共收作文35份，其中存在离题现象的作文有7份，占总数的20％。下文是其中的一篇，语料中还存在许多语法错误，这里将只从主位角度分析探讨。

2，文章分析

在分析该篇文章的问题之前，我们先来分析一下提纲。从文章的提纲不难看出，文章第一段要简单说明一下人生的目标有哪些，第二段论述“我”认为重要的目标是什么以及原因，后者是论述的重点，第三段得出结论。根据韩礼德的观点，一

段话的主题句就是该段的主位。从这个角度看，第一段的主位应该为“人生有不同的目标”，第二段的主位应该为“其中我认为重要(人生目标)的是……，理由是……”。这两部分是文章的主体部分，加上结论(第三段)就是一篇完整的文章了。提纲规定的很明确，需要着重论述的是“……人生目标”这一主题主位，特别是要分析为什么所选目标重要，而不是简单描写这一目标或如何获取这一目标。 上文被判为离题作文是因为其一作者没有按照提纲要求写了篇“三段式”作文，而直接进入了其主题“What I consider important in life is wisdom.”，而且没有得出结论。因此虽然其形式上也有三个自然段，实际上是只写了一段。其二是在论述其主题时，作者提供的论据相当不充分，全文只有第三句是“理由”，其他的句子均不能作为论据。文章的大部分篇幅写的是如何获得“wisdom”，而这并不是提纲所要求的。

从主位的角度看，全文共有主位13个，其中有7个主位为“we”，其中T7到T11以及T13虽然都是标记性主位，但其后都是移位主位“we”，连同T2(Human－beings)和T12共有9个主位与其主题主位即“wisdom”不相关，占全文主位总数的69.2％。而T4和T12后的移位主位虽然形式上和主题主位一致，但其述位所描述的是新的信息，与主位所需要的原因相差甚远，这样本文中无关主位共占84.6％。全文只有T3是有效的主位，仅占15.4％。根据韩礼德的“主位是信息的出发点，是小句所关心的成分”的定义，这篇文章84.6％的信息的出发点和小句所关心的成分都是“wisdom”以外的东西。从这个角度看，文章显然已经偏离了其主题。

从主位推进的角度看。第一段可以大概分析为是阶梯型主位推进模式：第一句的述位和第二句述位的一部分是第三句的主位。然而，第二句的主位T3是一个全新的主位，没有在文章中以任何主位推进的模式发展，而其述位所传达的也是一个全新的信息，和第一句的主述位之间没有必然联系，因此从这里开始，文章就开始离题了。而第三句又转回了其主题，并和第一句构成了阶梯型推进模式(R1=T3)。因此第一段可以看成是“部分离题”。

第二段第一句虽然形式上和上一句构成了放射型推进模式，但其述位所传达的是“智慧是神秘的，因为从老师那里学不来”这一新信息，而不是文章所需要的“理由”。因此，它再一次偏离了主题，而这一次则是“完全离题”：下面的句子再也没有转回到主题。下一句用一个强势主位交代了智慧的来源，即“生活”，也与“理由”相去甚远。

我们再来看一下第三段，形式上其主位推进模式可以分析为放射型，即主位相同，述位不同。该段文章共有7处放射型主位推进，占全文的53.8％。其中T7到T11以及T13为移位主位。由此可见，该段文章是以“we”为主要主位，放射型主位推进模式为主要模式发展的。需要指出的是，在使用这一推进模式时，文中的主位均为“we”。从其述位可以明显看出，该段主要谈的是“wisdom”如何产生和积累的，而这完全就是游离在主题之外的。

分析至此，这篇文章离题的原因就显而易见了：全文只有第三句和最后一句和主题相关，但最后一句话的主述位和第三句话的主述位基本相同，是语义的重复。因此本质上整篇文章只有一句话的主位推进模式是有效的，仅占全文的7.69％。

3.学生作文离题原因探讨

下面我们从功能语言学的角度来探讨一下大学生英语作文时出现这种“离题”现象的原因。通过分析比较此次学生的离题作文(共7份)，并与高分作文相对比，笔者发现下面两个主要原因：

其一，主位转换错误导致文章离题。在这7篇作文中，有4篇是完全或几乎完全离题的(包括上面的例文)：没有根据题目要求选择主位，或者在主题主位出现以后，话题又转到了其他主位上。其余3篇部分离题：在主位推进的过程中，主位在经过一段时间的游离之后又转回到了主题主位。

其二，段落主位(一段话的主位，即主题句)问题导致离题。在这几篇文章中，一个普遍的现象就是存在段落主位问题：或者缺少段落主位，或者选用了错误的段落主位。7篇文章中，4篇中存在偏离主题的段落主位，2篇缺少段落主位。因为“出发点”就存在这样那样的问题，下面的述位就没有一个确定的中心，结果就出现了离题现象。

总之，学生作文时如果不懂得正确使用主位结构理论，就往往会出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的现象。因此，如何帮助学生正确地使用这一理论构建语篇应该成为大学英语教师写作教学中应该思考的一个问题，而这正是减少甚至避免学生作文离题的有效方法。下面我们就探讨一下如何在写作教学中贯彻使用主位结构理论。

三、主位理论在大学英语写作教学中的应用

从上文的分析中我们可以看出主位结构理论在写作中所起的重要作用。那么，教师应该如何把这一理论和写作教学结合起来呢?根据目前大学英语教学的现状，本文提出了下列方法：

1.把阅读和写作教学有机结合起来

有人认为在精读课中阅读和写作教学是矛盾的，因此传统的教学模式往往只注重语法和词汇教学，而忽视了从整体上对篇章结构的分析。而后者恰恰对学生创造语篇(写作文)有很大帮助。所以应当在教学中通过大量对篇章结构的分析，帮助学生了解各种体裁和题材的文章的主位分布规律和主位推进模式，培养其“语篇”意识，为其自己写作打好理论基础。另外，教师还应该鼓励学生自己扩大阅读量，比如优秀的四六级作文、英文报纸等，在阅读中积累写作经验。

2.在练习中提高写作水平

首先，在对文章的主位结构和推进模式有了一定的了解之后，教师可以设计一些相关的题目进行训练。通过练习让学生把理论和实践结合起来，比如在学习了课文“Why I Teach”之后，教师就可以给一个主题如“Why I like playing basketball?”等让学生仿写一段甚至是一篇文章，通过模仿，切实掌握这种体裁的主位结构和推进模式。其次，在讲评完某篇作文后，要让学生特别是那些低分作文的学生重写或改写自己的文章，通过反复练习达到提高目的。再次，通过上文的分析我们可以看到，段落主位在很大程度上决定了文章是否会离题，因此教师在写作教学中，要特别培养学生写主题句(段落主位)的能力，比如可以给出一段话让学生选择或者写出其主题句。学生写主题句的意识有了以后，就可能在更大程度上作文扣题，避免离题。

3.运用主位理论进行作文讲评