高二英语复习教案12

高二英语复习教案12（精选5篇）

高二英语复习教案12 篇1

高二英语Unit12 Fact and fantasy知识点总复习教案

Section I 课前准备、听力、口语 1. Try the quiz below to see if you know any better. 试一试下面的知识检测，看看你是否了解的更多。(P.9 Question 2) if: (1) if conj. “是否”，在此语境中可用whether 代替。He asked whether / if we wanted a drink. 他问我们是否要喝点饮料。 注意：whether与if (作“是否”解时)都可以连接宾语从句。 (2) if不能替换whether的5种情况：a. 正式文体中，句中有or not时I wonder whether it is big enough or not. 我想知道它是否足够大。注意：在口语中“if...or not”可接受，但连写的“if or not”是错误的。b. 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时：Whether it is true (or not) remains a question. 它是不是真的还是一个问题。c. 作介词宾语时I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home. 我还没决定是否要回家。d. 在不定式前，与不定式组成词组She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 她还没有决定去还是不去。e. 作discuss等词的宾语We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论是否该关闭那家商店。 (3) if还有“假如”之意，引导条件状语从句，而此时的条件状语从句，又具体分为两种情况：表示真实条件和表示假设条件，详解如下： a. 表示真实条件。“如果” If he told you that, he was lying. 如果他是那样对你说的，他就是在撒谎。If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就不出去。 注意：if条件句要求用一般时表示将来，不用will表示将来，只有在表示“愿意”或“不愿意”时，if后才可以跟will或wont。If you wont come, Ill go alone. 如果你不愿意来，我就一个人去。 b. 表示假设条件，“假如”，用虚拟语气与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would help her. 我要是你的话，我就会帮助她。 与过去事实相反 If I had not missed the train, I would have got home by now.假如我没误了火车，现在早该到家了。与将来事实相反 If any one should call, please let me know. 万一有人打电话来，请告诉我一声。 拓展：as if (=as though) 好像(引导方式状语从句或表语从句); even if (=even though) 即使 (引导让步状语从句); if only (引导感叹句，要用虚拟语气)但愿，要……就好了; (引导状语从句，要用虚拟语气) 要是，若是; only if (引导状语从句，用陈述语气)只有 2. What is the highest mountain on earth and how high is it? 世界上最高的山是什么山? 有多高? (P.9 Question 2 No. 1) Which is the longest river on earth and how long is it? 世界上最长的河是那条? 有多长? (P. 9Question2 No. 3) 1) What (1) pron. (疑问代词) 什么 What happened next? 后来怎么样了呢? What do you want? 你要什么? (2) pron. (连接代词，引导名词性从句等) 所……的事(或人) What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 过去认为不可能的事现在已成为现实。The city is not what it used to be. 这个城市不再是先前的模样了。 2) 辨析：what与which (1) which既可引导定语从句，又可连接名词性从句;而what不可引导定语从句。 (2) which，what同为名词性从句的连接代词时，都可在所连接的`名词性从句中充当主语或宾语，其区别在意思上。what强调“内容”，而which强调从已知的、确定的范围中做出选择。This river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. (which引导非限制性定语从句)这条流经伦敦的河，叫泰晤士河。What book are you going to read? 你要读什么书? Which book are you going to read, this one or that one? 你要读哪一本书，这本还是那本? 注意：以下句子中常用what。(1) What season do you like best? 你最喜欢什么季节? (2) What day is today? 今天是星期几? (3) Whats the date today? 今天是几号? 联想：somewhat adv. 稍微，有点whatever pron. 无论什么;凡是……的东西 拓展：What about…? (用于征求意见时)……怎么样(=How about); what if倘使……将会怎么样;即使……又有什么要紧;尽管……又有什么关系; what for为何目的;为什么what is more而且 3. Why does Sam need to know the time. 为什么Sam需要知道时间?(P. 10 Listen- ing Ex. 2 No.1) need: (1) n. [U] 缺乏，缺少，需要 There is no need for you to be anxious. 你没必要焦虑的。 (2) n. [C]必需品￡10 a month will meet my needs. 一个月10英镑可满足我的需要。 (3) v. 需要 This job needs a lot of care, attention and time. 这工作需要花费很多心思和时间。She likes to feel needed. 她喜欢感觉有人需要她。 (4) v. aux. (无时态和人称变化;多用于疑问句和否定句;后接没有to的不定式;need not缩写为neednt)需要，必须 -- Need l go? 我必须去吗? -- Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.)是的，你必须去(不，你不必去)。He need not have come last night. 他昨晚本来没必要来的。(但实际来了) 注意：need not have done表示某一个已经发生的动作实际上不必发生，常译为“不必……也行”等。 比较：He didnt need to come last night. 他昨晚不必来。(实际上也没有来) 辨析：need, require与want: (1) 三者后接名词、代词或数词，意思为“要”或“需要”。三者后接被动的不定式或主动的动名词，意思为“需要”或“应该”。(2) need (需要) 和want (想要) 可以接主动的不定式作宾语，而require不可以。(3) require和want可以接复合宾语，而need不可以。(4) require可以接宾语从句，而且从句中的谓语动词必须用(should+) 动词原形”;need和want不可以。(5) need可以作情态动词，而require和want不可以。例如：The work needs / requires / wants patience. 这工作需要耐心。The house needs / requires / wants to be cleaned / cleaning. 这房子需要清扫。He needs / wants to see you. 他要见你。I require / want you to be here this evening. 我请你今晚到这儿来。They require that I (should) appear. 他们要求我出场。You need not write down your translation. 你们不必写下译文。 联想：(派) needful adj. 需要的，必须的needless adj. 无需的，不必要的needlessly adv. 不需地，无谓地 needy adj. 贫穷的，贫困的 拓展：at need紧急时; be / stand in need of 需要; if need be / were 如果必要的话; more than needs 超过需要; There is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是不必要的。 4. … and talk about what you believe may come true in the future. 谈一谈你认为将来可能实现的事?(P.10 Speaking 第四行) (1) link. -v. 成为，变成 His dream came true. 他的梦想实现了。 (2) come + to do (不定式中的动词多为表示心理活动的动词，如：understand，realize) 终于……;开始…… I hope well be friends and come to understand each other.我希望我们成为朋友并逐渐相互理解。He came to realize that he was wrong. 他开始认识到自己错了。 辨析：get，go，turn与come get强调造成事件的施动者发挥的作用或变化的结果。go常常表示不顾施动者的愿望而发生的变化，多用于表示恶化的情况。turn经常表示从某种状态向其对立状态转化的自然现象。come大都表示向好的方面转化。They got married 10 years ago. 他们前结的婚。Please dont get angry. 请别生气。The eggs went bad. 鸡蛋坏了。The telephone has gone dead. 电话断了。The weather has turned much colder. 天气变得冷多了。Everything will come right in the end. 最终一切事情总会变好的。 5. Doctors may find a way to keep us young forever. 医生可能会找到一种让我们青春永驻的办法。(P.10 Speaking “Young forever” 第二个A) 部分名词后接不定式或介词 + 动名词 1) 在chance，way，opportunity，time等名词后，既可用不定式，又可用“介词 + 动名词”作定语。如：Id like to have a chance to see / of seeing your teacher. 我想找个机会见一个你们的老师。Im glad to have the opportunity to talk / of talking to you. 我很高兴能有这个机会跟你谈话。 2) 在ability，resolution，tendency等名词后，通常用不定式作后置定语。如：Does he have the ability to do the work? 他有做这项工作的能力吗? He has made a resolution to go abroad. 他决心出国。She has a tendency to become fat. 她有发胖的趋势。 3)当被修饰的普通名词前有序数词修饰时，该名词的后置定语也须用不定式而不是“介词 + 动名词”。Antonio Gaudi is the first one to understand that.安东尼奥是第一个理解那件事的人。He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 4)而在habit，idea，intention，method，objection等名词后，通常只跟“介词+动名词”作定语。I have the habit of taking a nap after lunch. 我有午饭后睡午觉的习惯。She dismissed the idea of becoming an artist. 她打消了当艺术家的念头。He had no intention of keeping his word. 他不想遵守诺言。We like his methods of teaching English. 我们喜欢他教英语的方法。He had an objection to (prep.) doing it. 他反对做此事。 Section II 阅读 6. By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further,… 通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步… (P.11 第一段倒数第4-3行) by prep. 表手段、方式或原因 (1) 以……，借助于……，用…… I go to school by bus, but my father goes to office by car. 我乘公共汽车上学，但我爸爸开车上班。I sent the letter by e-mail. 我将那封信以电子邮件寄出。 (2) 借、靠、因…(置于动名词前，表方法、手段、原因)

高二英语复习教案12 篇2

根据句意和所给的汉语或首字母提示,写出句中所缺单词的正确形式。

1. Two dozen people have already_______(申 请)for the job.

2. The_______(距离)between the two cities was in those days too great to permit of frequent contact with each other.

3. The_______(碰撞)between the ships wascaused by fog.

4. There are a lot of _______(现象)in theworld that can’t be explained by people.

5. He_______(犹豫)before he answered be- cause he didn’t know what to say.

6. Fact is stronger than f_______.

7. There is nothing more natural than achild’s b_______ in his parents.

8. His brother is not much of a c_______forhim.

9. The accident has not done any p_______damage.

10. Mr. Backer will set off a v_______to South Africa in three days.

二、单项填空

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. The two leaders have_______the founda-tions of a new era in cooperation betweentheir countries.

A. laid B. lied C. lain D. set

2. As an economist, he was able to _______some light on the problem.

A. putB. make C. throwD. bring

3. Obviously what he said just now is a storyof_______. In fact, a car can’t reach thatspeed.

A. science B. truth C. fact D. fiction

4. I want to call his_______to the result of the experiment.

A. attentionB. attack

C. information D. eye

5. The thing that_______is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.

A. matters B. minds

C. cares D. considers

6. If you_______yourself to the textbook, you’ll find the question is no more diffi- cult.

A. absorb B. apply C. interest D. appeal

7. The faces of four famous American presi- dent on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a_______ of 60 miles.

A. length B distance

C. way D. space

8. The judges were______with the girl’s splendid performance.

A. inspired B. impressed

C. interested D. excited

9. He was disappointed _______not finding her at home.

A. at B. from C. ofD. on

10. — Have you finished the work?

— Not yet. I_______to do it just amoment ago.

A. set off B. set up

C. set out D. set down

11. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite_______ as planned.

A. make out B. turn out

C. go on C. come up

12. _______in her most beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself_______at the party.

A. Dressed; noticed

B. Dressing; noticed

C. Dressed; noticing

D. Dressing; being noticing

13. All the staff in our company are consider- ing _______ to the city centre for the fashion show.

A. to go B. going

C. to have gone D. having gone

14. All these gifts must be mailed immediate- ly_______in time for Christmas.

A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving

15. It_______we had stayed together for a couple of weeks_______I found we had a lot in common.

A. was until; when

B. was until; that

C. wasn’t until; when

D. wasn’t until; that

三、完成句子

根据括号内的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。

1. It was difficult to get to know her because she always_______(与人保持一定的距 离). (distance)

2. Now that you are in the senior middle school, you’ll probably_______(在阅读上 要花费更多的时间). (spend)

3. This_______(使他们想起了日子)when they were in the army. (remind)

4. The ship is also very strong and _______ (用厚厚的铁板保护着). (protect)

5. A man who_______(做事犹豫)cannot do anything successfully. (hesitate)

6. His speech_______(证明是最重要)onbiology this year. (turn)

7. If you_______(致力于课本), you’ll find the question is no more difficult. (apply)

8. The diary_______(提供了有趣的线索) the events in this novel. (throw)

9. There is no doubt that Lu Xun _______(奠 定了基础)Chinese modern literature. (foundation)

10. _______(当比较大小)of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(compare)

四、单元话题阅读

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Since the beginning of time, man has been interested in the moon. The Romans designed a special day to show admiration and respect to the moon. They called it “Moonday”, or “Monday”, as we know it today. Later, the great mind of Leonardo da Vinci studied the moon and designed a machine to carry a human to the moon. Leonardo said that one day a great machine bird would take a person to the moon and bring great honour to the home where it was born.

Four and a half centuries later, Leonardo’s idea was realized. Apollo 11 took three Americans Collins, Aldrin, and Armstrong to the moon. The mission(任务) did fill the whole world with great surprise, as Leonardo had said it would. Numerous essays, articles, and books were written about man’s first moon mission. But perhaps the most interesting story was one written before the event over 100 years before.

In 1865, French author Jules Verne wrote a story about the first journey to the moon. His story was very similar to the 1969 Apollo 11 mission.

Verne’s spacecraft also contained three men — two Americans and a Frenchman. The spacecraft was described as being almost the same size as Apollo 11. The launch(发射) site in Verne’s story was also in Florida. The spacecraft in Verne’s story was named the “Columbiad”. The Apollo 11 command ship was called “Columbia”. His account of sending the spacecraft into the space could easily have been written about how Apollo 11 was sent into the space.

Verne’s story was the same as the actual event in several other respects(方面). The speed of Verne’s spacecraft was 36,000 feet per second; Apollo’s was 35,533 feet per second. Verne’s spacecraft took 97 hours to reach the moon; Apollo’s time was 103 hours. Like Apollo’s spacemen, Verne’s spacemen took pictures of the moon’s surface, relaxed on their seats, cooked with gas, and experienced weightlessness. They too came down in the Pacific and were picked up by an American warship.

What were the reasons for Jules Verne’s extreme accuracy(精确) in describing an event 100 years or more before it actually occurred? He based his writings on the laws of physics and astronomy. Nineteenth-century science and the vivid Verne’s imagination gave people an unbelievably accurate preview of one of the greatest events of the 20th century.

1. Jules Verne wrote his story of a man’s visit to the moon about_______.

A. 100 years before the Apollo 11 mission

B. 10 years before the Apollo 11 mission

C. four and one half centuries ago

D. 100 years ago

2. Verne’s story about the first journey to themoon is very similar to _______.

A. the second U. S. space mission

B. the Apollo 11 mission

C. Leonardo da Vinci’s story

D. numerous other books on the samesubject

3. The passage suggests that Jules Verne_______.

A. developed the laws of physics

B. based his writings on the works of Leonardo da Vinci

C. was very lucky in what he had described about the future

D. knew a great deal about the laws of physics and astronomy

4. The passage mainly describes_______.

A. the rapid progress of mankind

B. Verne’s accurate preview of the future

C. the 1969 Apollo 11 moon mission

高二英语复习教案12 篇3

本单元以谈论“科学与幻想”为话题，使学生了解科学与幻想的区别，认识到学习科学的重要性;同时通过对法国科学幻想和冒险小学家儒勒凡尔纳(Jules Verne)及其作品的介绍，激发学生探索宇宙奥秘的兴趣。学习英语构词法。在练习写幻想短文“创造一个类似人类的生物”的实践中，培养书面表达能力，同时拓展学生创造性思维。

单元要点

Word study

1.fantasy 2.league 3.distance 4.ballon 5.fiction 6.servant 7.whale 8.hunter 9.collision 10.permanent 11.guest 12.voyage 13.aboard 14.prisoner 15.gentle 16.marble 17.paraphrase 18.matter 19.phenomena 20.attention 21.labour 22.hesitate 23.butcher 24.curtain 25.lip 1.幻想作品;想象的产物 2.联盟;里格(旧时长度单位) 3.距离 4.气球 5.小说;虚构的事 6.仆人;公务员 7.鲸;巨大的人或事 8.猎人;搜索者9.碰撞;冲突 10.永久的;固定不变的 11.客人;客座教授 12.航海;航空 13.在船(飞机、车)上 14.俘虏;犯人 15.温柔的;有礼貌的 16.大理石 17.意译;释义 18.事情;物质 19.现象;奇迹 20.注意力;留心 21.努力;劳动果实 22.犹豫;踌躇 23.屠夫;买肉者 24.窗帘;幕 25.嘴唇;唇状物

Useful

expressions 1.make a sketch 2.science fiction 3.in the far future 4.come true 5.to make a living 6.lay the foundation 7.sea monster 8.set out to do sth. 9.turn out 10.from that day on 11.begin with… 12.extinct volcano 13.instead of 14.search for 15.dream of 16.throw light upon 17.attract one’s attention 18.slow down 19.in height 20.cut up 1.简单描述;列提纲 2.科幻小说 3.在遥远的未来 4.实现 5.谋生 6.奠定基础 7.海生怪物 8.着手做某事 9.结果是 10.自从那天起 11.以……为开始 12.死火山 13.而不是 14.找寻 15.梦到 16.阐明某事;使某事显得非常清楚 17.引起某人注意 18.使减速慢行 19.在高度上 20.切碎

Sentence

patterns &

Communicative

English 1.Jules spent many years in Paris libraries studying geology, physics and many other subjects.

2.Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr.Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity.

3.By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.

4.He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time.

5.In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.

6.Dressed in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship.

7.Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper.

8.But I found all that was taught at university very disappointing and decided that I would pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of nature.

9.While unfinished, he was ugly, but now he was a living horror.

10.Under water travel and space travel have many things in common.

Grammar Word-formation

Topics &Writing Write a short passage about man’s great dream of creating life.

语言点讲解

1. The French writer Jules Verne wrote famous books, such as 20, 000 Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World in 80 days.法国作家儒勒凡尔纳写了很多著名书籍，比如《海底两万里》和《八十天环游地球》。

(1)Jules Verne 儒勒凡尔纳。法国科学幻想家和冒险小说家。

(2)such as

①like; for example 像;诸如;例如 eg:

Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了。

②everything that凡是 eg:

Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die.我死后全部财产除了交税以外全部给你。

(3)league n.

① former measure of distance (about 3 miles or 4.8 km) 里格(旧时长度单位，约3英里或4.8公里)。 eg:

The horse can run 50 leagues a day. 这匹马一天能跑240公里。

②group of people or countries combined for a particular purpose 联盟;同盟 eg:

The League of Nations is an international organization.国际联盟是一个国际组织。

2. Try the small science quiz below to see if you know any better. 试试下面的科学小测验，看看你是否了解得多些。

any better 更好

any adv. (used with faster, slower, better, etc. , in questions and after if/whether 用于疑问句中，与faster, slower, better等连用;用于if/whether之后)to any degree; at all在任何程度上;丝毫 eg:

I can’t run any faster. 我无法跑得更快了。

Is your father any better? 你父亲有所好转了吗?

3. What is the distance from the earth to the moon? 地球到月球的距离是多少?

(1) distance n. [C, U]

① (amount of) space between two points or places 距离;间距

A good cyclist can cover a distance of over a hundred miles a day.自行车骑得好的人一天可以行驶一百多英里。

②distant place or point 远处;远方 eg:

At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.距离六英里以外的东西很难看清。

(2) at a distance (稍)远处，表示一定的距离，近距离或用以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以略去或改用some。 eg:

This picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画远看就好些。

(3) in the distance (far away) 在(较)远处，强调距离之远。 eg:

They were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy.他们期望着发现远处敌人的迹象。

(4) keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离;不愿与某人亲近eg:

He always keeps anyone at a distance. 他总是不愿与任何人亲近：

4. How fast does a balloon travel? How about an airplane? How about a space shuttle?

一只气球能走多快?一架飞机呢?还有一架航天飞机呢?

(1)ballon

①n. brightly-coloured rubber bag that is filled with air, used as a child’s toy or a decoration(用作玩具或装饰品的)气球 eg:

They bought their son a lot of balloons yesterday.昨天他们给他们的儿子买了很多气球。

②v. swell out like a balloon 如气球一般膨胀 eg:

Her skirt ballooned in the wind. 她的裙子让风吹得鼓起来了。

③go ballooning 乘气球 eg:

They like to go ballooning at weekends. 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩。

(2)How/What about …?……怎么样?常常用来打听消息或提出建议，征求对方意见，后接名词，代词或动名词。 eg:

How about your mother? Does she feel better today?你妈妈怎么样听?她今天觉得好点儿了吗?

(3)space shuttle-spacecraft designed for repeated use, eg between earth and a space station or the moon 航天飞机;太空穿梭机 eg:

I have never seen a space shuttle. 我从未看见过航天飞机。

知识点讲解

1. Fill in the chart on the next page and make a sketch of the animal as they saw.

填写下一页的图表并按他们看到的动物的样子给那种动物作一个速写。

sketch n.

①rough quickly-made drawing, without many details素描;速写;草图

②make a sketch of … 作一个……的速写 eg:

He was good at making a sketch of face. 他擅长作面部素描。

③short account or description, giving only basic details 简短的陈述或素描

④give a sketch of …概述…… eg:

Please give a sketch of your plans. 请概述一下你的计划。

2. description n. describing; picture in words 描述;描绘

(1)give sb. a brief description of …向某人简要地描述…… eg:

Can you give me a brief description of what has happened?你能向我简要描述一下所发生的事吗?

(2)beyond description 难以描述 eg:

Her beauty is beyond description. 她的美貌难以用语言来描述。

(3)give/make a description of …对……加以描述 eg:

He made a description of the thief.他描述了小偷的模样。

(4)describe v. say what sb./sth. is like; depict sth. in words 描述某人/某事物。常构成describe sb./sth. (to/for sb.) eg:

Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.那景色之美难以言传。

3. Why does Sam need to know the time? 为什么萨姆需要知道时间?

need的用法小结：

(1)need作情态动词，通常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句、whether/if名词从句或含否定意义的句子中。 eg:

I do not see why we need discuss it further.我看我们没有必要讨论下去了。

That’s all settled. It needn’t be talked about.那已全部解决了，没有必要再讨论了。

(2)need又是实义动词，各种变化和用法与普通实义动词相同。 eg:

①They need a rest after a long walk.长距离行走后他们需要休息一下。

②I need you to work for me, young man! 小伙子，我需要你为我工作!

③I need to consult a dictionary. 我需要查字典。

(3)need接动名词主动形式，表示被动含义，这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，need doing可转换为need to be done结构，意思相同。

My hair needs washing badly.(=My hair needs to be washed badly.)我的头发非常需要洗一洗。

The garden needs watering.(= The garden needs to be watered.)花园需要洗水。

4. fiction n.

(1)[C] sth. invented or imagined 虚构之事;捏造的故事 eg:

The film was very good although it was a fiction.这部电影虽属虚构，但很好。

(2)[U] (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances (作为文学之一分支的)小说 eg:

Truth is often stranger than fiction.事实往往比小说还离奇。

(3)science fiction 科幻小说

5. in the future, in future与in the far future.

(1)in the future意思是“将来，今后的时期”，但不一定就是从今立即开始，而是将来的时间。 eg:

No one can know what will happen in the future.没有人会知道将来会发生什么事。

(2)in future意思是“从今以后”(=from now on)。 eg:

In future, be careful with your pronunciation. 今后要注意你的发音。

(3)in the far future 在遥远的未来 eg:

It is possible for doctors to find a way to keep us young forever in the far future.

在遥远的未来，医生有可能找到一种使我们永远年轻的办法。

6. incomplete adj. not complete不完全的 eg:

The passage below is incomplete. Please fill in the blanks using correct prepositions.

下面的文章是不完整的，请用正确的介词填空。

注：incomplete是在complete前加含否定含义的前缀“in-“构成的，表达与complete相反的含义。

7. work with sb.与work with sth.

(1)work with sb.意为“和某人一道工作” eg:

I like to work with him. 我喜欢和他一块儿工作。

(2)work with sth. 意为“从事……方面的研究工作”，“用……工作” eg:

Professor Wang had worked with bees for many years.王教授多年从事蜜蜂的研究工作。

I would rather work with the bigger brush.我宁愿用那把大一点儿的刷子干活。

8. (1) beat, defeat, win与gain

①beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人;beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:

We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。

In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击(打)败。

②win和gain属一组同义词。Gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有one’s living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等;win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg:

We shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。

They won the battle but lost many men.他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。

(2)beat, hit, strike与tap

beat着重“连续性地击打”，如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。此外，beat还可用来指心脏的跳动。strike通常表示打一下，打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的，还可指罢工，(钟)敲响之意。hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。tap一般是轰轰拍打的意思。 eg:

The wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打得伏倒了。

The stone hit him on the head.石头击中了他的头部。

It strikes a bug’s back with is forelegs and feelers.它(蚂蚁)用前腿和触角敲打臭虫的背部。

It taps on the other’s head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code.

它(蚂蚁)像使用一种电码的方式一样，用触角轻敲对方的头部。

9. Doctors may find a way to keep us young forever.医生可能会找到一种使我们永远保持年轻的办法。

(1)“way”意为“方式，方法”，在其后要用to do或of doing的形式作后置定语。 eg:

Cao chong thought out a way to weigth/of weighing the elephant.曹冲想出了一个称象的办法。

(2)此外，如果way之后跟定语从句，那么这个定语从句用in which或that引导，也可省略。 eg:

This was the way that/in which they solved the problem.这就是他们解决那个问题的办法。

10. believe sb. 与believe in sb.

believe sb.相信某人(所说的话是真的)

believe in sb.信任某人 eg:

I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.我相信他的话是真的，但我不能信任他。

生词和词组

1. bulb n.

①(also light bulb) pear-shaped glass container for the filament of an electric light 电灯泡 eg:

If you have time, please change a bulb.如果你有时间的话，请换个灯泡。

②thick rounded underground stem of certain plants(eg the lily, onion, tulip) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards. 鳞茎;球茎(如百合、洋葱、郁金香的茎) eg:

We cooked onion bulbs for food. 我们烹调洋葱茎作为食物。

③object shaped like a bulb 球状物 eg:

The bulb of this thermometer is broken.这支温度计的球状顶端碎了。

2. foundation n.

①[U] act of founding (an institution, organization, etc.) (机构，组织等的)建立，创立，创办 eg:

He devoted all his energy to the foundation of the university.

他把全部精力都致力于这所大学的创办。

②[C,U] principle, idea or fact on which sth. is based; basis(作为某事的)基本原则、思想或事实;基础 eg:

This success laid the foundation of his career.这次成功为他的事业奠定了基础。

③foundation course 基础课

④ foundation-stone 奠基石

⑤found v.建立，创立

⑥founder n. 建立者;缔造者

3. servant n.

①person who works in sb. else’s household for wages, and often for food and lodging 仆人;佣人 eg:

He had a lot of servants work for him. 他让很多仆人为他工作。

②employee, esp. a faithful and devoted one 雇员(尤指忠心耿耿的);公务员 eg:

He was a trusted servant of the company. 他是这个公司里的一个可靠雇员。

4. whale

(1)n. any of several types of very large mammal that live in the sea, some of which are hunted for their oil and flesh 鲸 eg:

A whale is not a fish.鲸不是鱼。

(2)have a whale of a time(习语)玩得非常愉快 eg:

The children had a whale of a time at the fairground.孩子们在游乐场玩得很高兴。

(3)v. hunt whales 捕鲸 eg:

They are whaling at sea. 他们正在海上捕鲸。

(4)whaler n.捕鲸;捕鲸的人

5. hunter n. person who hunts 猎人;搜索者;搜寻者 eg:

The hunter lost his way in the forest when he went hunting that day.

那个猎人那天去打猎的时候在森林里迷了路。

6. collision n. [C,U]

①(instance of) one object or person striking against another; (instance of) colliding; crash(物与物或人与人)相撞，碰撞，撞坏

常构成：collision with sb./sth. 与某人/某物相撞

collision between A and B A与B相撞 eg:

The collision between two cars caused 3 deaths. 两车相撞造成三人死亡。

②strong disagreement; conflict or clash of opposing aims, ideas, opinions, etc.抵触;(相反的目的、看法、意见等的)冲突 eg:

Her political activities brought her into collision with the law.她的政治活动触犯了法律。

7. overboard adv.

①over the side of a ship or boat into the water 从船上落(或抛)入水中;在船外 eg:

The sailor jumped overboard into the sea. 那位水手从船上跳入水中。

②go overboard (about sb./sth.) 对(某人/某事)极感兴趣或过分感兴趣 eg:

He goes overboard about ever young woman he meets.他对年轻的女子见一个爱一个。

③throw sth./sb. overboard 抛弃某事物;除掉或不再支持某人 eg:

After heavily losing the election, the party threw their leader overboard.该党惨败落选后罢免了党魁。

8. submarine n. naval vessel that can operate underwater welll as on the surface 潜水艇 eg:

A submarine travels under the surface of the sea.潜水艇在海面下行驶。

9. permanent adj.

①lasting or expected to last for a long time or for ever 永久的;永恒的;长久的;长期的 eg:

She is looking for permanent employment.她正在找固定的工作。

②not likely to change 不大可能改变的 eg:

She wrote down my permanent address. 她写下了我的固定地址。

10. guest

(1)n. person invited to visit one’s house or being entertained at one’s expense宾客;客人 eg:

We are expecting guests this weekend. 我们本周末要来客人。

(2)n. person staying at a hotel, boarding house, etc.住在旅馆、寄宿处等的人;旅客 eg:

This hotel has accommodation for 500 guests.这旅馆能接待500位客人。

(3)客座教授 eg:

Professor Wang, our guest tonight, will give us a speech on DNA.

我们的客座教授王教授，今晚要给我们作一个关于DNA的演讲。

(4)v. appear as a guest on a television or radio programme(在电视或广播节目中)客串 eg:

She often guests on a radio programme.她经常在一个广播节目中客串。

11. voyage (1)n. long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行;(尤指)航海，航天 eg:

They made a voyage across the Atlantic.他们作了一次横越大西洋的航行。

(2)v. go on a voyage; travel 航行;航海;航天飞行 eg:

A plane crashed down when it voyaged through space.一架飞机作航天飞行时坠毁了。

(3)voyager n. 航行者;航海者;航天者

12. aboard adv. On or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or (esp. U.S.) a bus在船(或飞机、车)上;上船;登机 eg:

We went aboard. 我们上了船。

13. prisoner n.

①person kept in prison, as a punishment or awaiting trial犯人;囚犯 eg:

He was kept as a prisoner.他作为一个囚犯被关了起来。

②person that has been captured被抓起来的人;俘虏;失去自由的人 eg:

You are our prisoner now.你现在是我们的俘虏了。

14. gentle adj. mild; kind; careful; not rough, violent or severe 温和的;慈祥的;小心的;温柔的;文雅的;轻轻的 eg:

I met a gentle old woman yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一个慈祥的老太太。

15. extinct adj. ①(esp. of a type of animal, etc.) no longer in existence(尤指某种动物等)不再存在的;绝种的;灭绝的 eg:

If we continue to destroy the countryside, many more animals will become extinct.

我们若继续破坏乡村环境，将会有更多的动物绝种。

②(fire or hope) ge out(火，希望等)熄灭了的 eg:

The fire was extinct.火灭了。

16. layer [′leI (r)] n. ① thickness of material (esp. one of several) laid over a surface or forming a horizontal division层(尤指数层之一) eg:

Several thin layers of clothing will keep you warmer than a thick one.穿几层薄的衣服总比穿一层厚的衣服暖和。

②person who lays sth. on… 铺设者

17. marble

(1)n. types of hard limestone used, when cut and polished, for building and sculpture 大理石 eg:

These steps are made of marble. 这些台阶是大理石建造的。

(2) marbles (pl.) collection of marble sculptures; works of art in marble 大理石雕刻品;大理石艺术品

(3)adj. like marble 像大理石的 eg:

She has marble skin. 她有着大理石般光洁的皮肤。

18. paraphrase

(1)v. express the meaning of (a piece of writing, statement, etc.) in different words, esp. in order to make it easier to understand将(一段文字等)释义或意译(尤指为易于理解) eg:

He paraphrased a speech in colloquial English.他用通俗英语意译了一篇演讲稿。

(2)n. rewording of a piece of writing, statement, etc. , especially in order to make it easier to understand

(对一段文字等的)释义，意义(尤指为易于理解) eg:

The paraphrase of the sonnet is easy to understand.该十四行诗的意译易于理解。

19. definition [U] n. stating the exact meaning (of words, etc.)(词语等的)释义 eg:

Dictionary writers must be skilled in ther art of definition.

辞书编纂者必须精于给词语下定义的技巧。

20. misbehave v. behave badly or improperly 行为不端;举止不当 eg:

She misbehaved. 她行为不端。

21. subtitle n. (usu. pl. 通常作复数) (esp. cinema 尤用于电影)

words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreign film, give those of a silent film or (on television) supply dialogue for deaf viewers 字幕 eg:

Without the subtitles I would not understand the film.没有字幕的话我就理解不了这部电影。

22. interchangeable adj. that can be interchanged, esp. without affecting the way in which sth. works 可交换的，可互换的，可交替的(尤指不影响操作的) eg:

The two words are interchangeable. 这两个单词是可互换的。

23. underpants n. short undergarment worn by men and boys covering the lower part of the body(男用)内裤 eg:

He stood there in his underpants. 他只穿内裤站在那儿。

24. study law study 研究;学习;求学。 study law意为“研究法律”，law前不加冠词，类似的用法还有study medicine“研究医学”。 eg:

He wanted to study law. 他想学法律。

25. make a living与make one’s living意为“谋生”，这里的make也可换成earn/gain/get。在表达“靠做……以谋生”之意时，常用短语earn/gain/get/make a/one’s living by doing sth./as a…。 eg:

Before liberation, her grandfather made a/his living by working for a land owner.解放前，她爷爷靠给一个地主干活为生。

26. …allow man to do things … ……允许人类做……, allow可构成以下结构：

allow sb. to do sth.→被动：sb. be allowed to do sth.

allow doing sth.允许做某事 eg:

Mother doesn’t allow me to go out at night. 妈妈不允许我晚上外出。

They didn’t allow smoking here. 这儿不允许吸烟。

类似用法的动词还有：advise, permit, forbid等词。

27. set out与set off

(1)set out意为“出发/启程”，表达“动身去某地”时用“set out for sp.”此时可与“set off for sp.”互换。 eg:

They set out for town at dawn.他们在拂晓动身进城了。

(2)set out to do sth.意为“开始做某事”。 eg:

When everything was ready, the doctor set out to perform the operation.一切准备就绪，医生就开始动起手术来了。

28. on board上船(或飞机、火车、汽车等);在船上(或飞机上、火车上、汽车上)。 eg:

As soon as we went on board, our ship left the port.我们一上船，船就出港了。

29. from that day on从那天起，“from+时间+on”表示“从……时候起”，如“from then/now/ on”表示“从那时/现在/起”之意。可与现在、过去、将来的时态连用。 eg:

From then on she knew she would win. 从那时起她就知道她将取胜。

30. defend … against/from …保护/保卫/防御……抵御/免遭 eg:

The soldiers defended their country against enemies.战士们保卫他们的祖国抵御敌人。

It is the nature of a mother to defend her child from harm.保护自己的孩子不受伤害是一个母亲的天性。

同、近义词辨析

1. electric与electrical

(1)electric电的;用电的;带电的;发电的

an electric current/torch/iron 电流/电筒/电熨斗 eg:

He bought an electric torch yesterday.昨天他买了一个手电筒。

(2)electrical关于电的

electrical engineering电机工程学 eg:

He majored in electrical engineering in the college.他在大学里主修电机工程学。

2. discover, find out与invent

(1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。

(2)find out常用来指“弄明白、搞清楚、查出(某一真相)”，做“发现”讲时，是指发现一种无形而隐藏的东西。

(3)invent表“发明”之意，意思是发明出以前没有的东西，往往是物质性的东西。 eg:

Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.吉伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了灯泡。

Think over and you’ll find out that you are wrong.仔细想想，你就会发现你错了。

3. instead与instead of

instead是副词;instead of为介词短语，后接名词，代词，动名词或介词短语，从句等形式。一般情况下，含有instead of的句子可以改写为含有instead的句子。 eg:

He stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.

=He didn’t go to school. Instead, he stayed in bed all day.他没去上学，而是在床上躺了一整天。

I didn’t drink water. I drank juice instead.

=I drank juice instead of water. 我没有喝水，而是喝的果汁。

4. late, lately, latest, later与latter

(1)late指比预料的或正常的时间晚。 eg:

I was late for work again.我上班又迟到了。

(2)lately“近来”，常用于疑问句，否定句，或与only连用或用于as lately as中。肯定句中用recently。 eg:

Have you seen her lately?你最近看到过她吗?

(3)latest adj.“最近的”、“最新的” eg:

Have you got the latest news about him? 你有他最近的消息吗?

(4)later“后来”，“较晚的时候”，也可和段时间连用，表示从过去或将来某一时间起，多长时间以后。 eg:

Later the boy found his mother. 后来那个男孩找到了他妈妈。

(5)latter用来表示两事物之间的顺序，意为“后一个/后者”，与the former(前者)相对。 eg:

Of these two men the former is dead, but the latter is still alive.此二人中前者已死，但后者仍活着。

5. at the beginning与in the beginning

(1)at the beginning通常接of短语，表示“在……初”，“在……开始的时候”，它的反义短语是at the end of。 eg:

Great changes took place at the beginning of the century.在那个世纪初发生了巨大的变化。

(2)in the beginning表示“起初”，“开始的时候”，不与of介词短语连用。但at the beginning偶尔也可单独使用，在意思上与in the beginning区别不大。 eg:

In the beginning nobody took any notice of his words.起初没人理睬他的话。

6. finally, at last与in the end

(1)finally一般指一系列事物或论点按排列的最后一项内容，或用在动词前，表示等了好久才……，没有感情色彩。 eg:

Finally, let’s do some exercises.最后我们来做一些练习吧。

(2)at last往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后的意思，常常有较浓的感情色彩。 eg:

At last, he got hold of the elephant’s tail. 他最后终于抓住了大象的尾巴。

(3)in the end可与finally和at last通用。 eg:

The war lasted four years before the North won in the end.

这场战争持续了四年，最后北方取得了胜利。(但in the end可预卜未来。)

知识点讲解

1. Jules spent many hours in Paris libraries studying geology, physics and many other subjects.

儒勒在巴黎图书馆花费很长时间研究地质学，物理学和许多其他的学科。

spend“花费”，常用于下面的结构：

spend money/time on sth./(in) doing sth. 在某事/做某事方面花费钱/时间

eg: He does not spend much time on his homework.他在做作业上花费不了多少时间。

注意区别spend与take。

Take的用法是：It takes/took/will take sb. Some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间” eg:

It took him two hours to finish the work. 完成这份工作花费了他两个小时。

2. Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity. 他小说里所提到的许多设备会让读者想起本杰明富兰克林用电做的实验。

remind提醒;使想起;可构成以下结构：

(1)remind sb. of sth./sb. 使某人想起某事/某人 eg:

Please remind me to answer that letter.请提醒我回复那封信。

(2)remind sb. of sth./sb. 使某人想起某事/某人 eg:

He reminds me of his brother. 他使我想起他哥哥。

(3)remind sb. that从句。 提醒某人某事 eg:

He reminded me that I didn’t finish my work.他提醒了我，说我没完成自己的工作。

3. By taking the scientific developments of his day on step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction. 通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步，儒勒凡尔纳奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。

by在本句是介词，说明手段或方式，可译作“通过，用，以，由于”等，其后常跟名词或动词-ing形式。 eg:

This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。

By helping them we are helping to save ourselves. 帮助他们就等于救了我们自己。

注意by表达这种含义时与with和in的区别;表示使用有形的工具或器官时要用with，其后的名词前一般应用冠词。使用某种语言，表示用墨水、颜色、颜料等“原料”或“材料”都用in，且名词前不用冠词。 eg:

It is my practice(习惯) to do my writing with a pencil. 我习惯用铅笔写。

Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语唱这首歌吗?

It is impolite to write a letter in red ink. 用红墨水写信是不礼貌的。

4. In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine. 在他们努力求生时，发现自己就在怪兽身体的表面上，结果怪兽竟然是一艘潜水艇。

(1)这里的which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the monster itself。

(2)in their efforts中的in表示“正在进行的动作或状态”。 eg:

He is always in action.他总是在行动中。

W seem to be in agreement on the matter.在这件事上我们的意见看来是一致的。

(3)turn out to be“结果是……”，“最后情况是……” eg:

Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.尽管今早看起来要下雨，最后却是晴天。

The meeting turned out to be very successful. 结果那个会议很成功。

5. They are taken on board and Captain Nemo decides not to kill them but makes them his permanent guests.

他们被带到了艇上。尼莫船长决定不杀死他们而是使他们成为他永久的客人。

(1)decide to do sth. 决定做某事;decide not to do sth.决定不做某事 eg:

We decided not to go abroad for the time being. 我们决定暂时不出国了。

(2)not…but…“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分，如连接两个并列宾语，两个并列表语或两个并列主语等。注意当not…but…连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要采用就近一致的原则，即与but后的主语保持一致。 eg:

He can speak not Chinese but Japanese.他不会讲汉语会讲日语。

He is not a poet but a writer. 他不是诗人而是作家。

Not I but he is fond of football. 不是我而是他喜欢足球。

(3)…makes them his permanent guests中的his permanent guests用来作them的补足语。

6. The furniture is precious and huge glass windows that can be opened and closed give a view of the underwater world. 摆设很精致，巨大的玻璃窗可以打开或关上，让人看到水下世界。

(1)这里的that引导一个定语从句(that can be opened and closed)用于修饰先行词huge glass windows.

(2)a view of …“……的景色”或“看;眺望;观察”之意。 eg:

There’s a view of the river from my windows.在我的窗前可看到河上风光。

If you stand here you’ll get a better view of the procession.如果你站在这里，就可以更清楚地看到游行队伍。

7. All that is needed for life on board comes from the ocean.艇上所有生活所需全部来自于海洋。

That is needed for life on board是定语从句，修饰先行词all。

注：(1)当先行词是不定代词all, everything, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing等时，宾语从句只能由that引导。 eg:

The boy handed in everything that he had picked up in the street to the police. 那个男孩把他在大街上捡到的一切东西都交给了警察。

(2)all that=what eg:

All that the said was true.=What he said was true.他所说的一切都是真的。

8. Dressed in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship. 他们穿着潜水衣，在船上灯的照射下在这个魔幻世界中四处走动。

(1)dress ①vt. “给某人穿衣服”用于“dress sb.”结构中。dress oneself意为“给自己穿衣服”;be dressed in意为“穿着……”。 The gentleman is dressed in a modern coat.那位先生穿着一件很新潮的衣服。

②vi. “穿着/打扮”之意 eg:

She dressed well. 她穿得很好。

(2)walk around四处走动 eg:

He walked around in the room. 他在房间里走来走去。

9. (1)They find themselves surrounded by colorful rocks, fishes, shells and plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters. 他们发现自己被彩色的岩石、鱼、贝壳和植物包围着，这些东西在蓝色的海域中慢慢地摇曳移动着。

(2)But at other moments you will find him gentle and weak, when he cries about the lost lives of people drowned in ships that have sunk. 但是在其他时刻，当他为了那些随着沉船一起被淹死的人而哭泣时，你又会发现他温柔又脆弱。

上面两句中的find themselves surrounded和find him gentle and weak都是find的常见用法。这里surrounded是过去分词，gentle和weak是形容词，它们都用来做宾补。find的此种用法可归纳为：find+sb./sth.+adj./介词短语/doing/done/adv./n. 。 eg:

I found the ground covered with snow when I opened the door.当我打开门的时候我发现地面铺满了雪。

When he came in, he found a thief stealing his money.他进来的时候，他发现一个小偷天在偷他的钱。

10. Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper. 穿过煤层和大理石层他们走得越来越深了。

deeper and deeper越来越深

这种“比较级+and+比较级”结构表达“越来越……”之意。 eg:

summer comes, the weather is hotter and hotter.夏天已经到了，天气越来越热了。

典型病句诊断

1.病句：We are not allowed playing with fire.

诊断：We are not allowed to play with fire.

点拨：把句中的playing改为to play。本句使用的是allow sb. to do sth.的被动语态，应该是sb. be allowed to do sth.

2.病句：He has set out to Beijing.

诊断：He has set out for Beijing.

点拨：把句中的to改为for。“动身去某地”用“set out for sp.”是固定搭配。

3.病句：This machine has an electric fault.

诊断：This machine has an electrical fault.

点拨：把句中的electric改为electrical。Electric是“用电的/带电的/发电的/电的”之意，而electrical表达“有关于电的”之意。根据本句之意，应表达“有关电的毛病”，所以要把electric改为electrical。

4.病句：Columbus found out America.

诊断：Columbus discovered America.

点拨：found out表示“弄明白，搞清楚”之意。而“哥伦布发现了美洲”很明显应是发现本来就存在而以前未能发现的美洲，应用discover表达这种含义。

5.病句：We’ll have a party in the open air instead in the house.

诊断：We’ll have a party in the open air instead of in the house.

点拨：instead是副词，而介词短语instead of后面才能跟介词短语。若用instead，上句可改为：We won’t have a party in the house. Instead we will have it ni the open air.。

6.病句：What have you been doing latest?

诊断：What have you been doing lately?

点拨：“latest”是adj. ，表达“最新的;最近的”之意，而句中需要一个副词表达“最近”之意。

7.病句：I took 3 hours doing my homework.

诊断：I spent 3 hours doing my homework.

点拨：spend表“花费”之意，其结构是“sb. spend(s)/spent/will spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.”。而take当“花费”讲时，结构是“It take/took/will take sb. some to do sth.”。

8.病句：These old pictures reminded me my childhood.

诊断：These old pictures reminded me of my childhood.

点拨：remind不能跟双宾语，即不能构成remind sb. sth.结构，表达“提醒某人某事”时要用“remind sb. of sth.”结构。

9.病句：What have you done by the old things?

诊断：What have you done with the old things?

点拨：by之后加手段或方式，with之后加有形的工具或器官。The old things是工具，所以用with。其次，do with还有“处理”，“放置”之意。

10.病句：All which she did made us very surprised.

诊断：All that she did made us very surprised.

点拨：当先行词为不定代词时，定语从句应由that引导，不能用which。all为不定代词。其他的不定代词如everything, something, little, much等也符合这种用法。

单元语法知识归纳：构词

在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种，即合成、转化和派生。

1.合成法：把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词的方法叫合成法，也叫合词法。

(1)合成名词highway 公路

(2)合成形容词hand-made 手工制作的 good-looking相貌好看的 dark-blue 深蓝

(3)合成动词ill-treat 虐待 mass-produce 大规模生产 safe guard 保卫

(4)合成副词however 然而 downstairs 在楼下

(5)合成代词 anybody nobody something

2.转化法：转化是指词由一种词类转化为另一种词类。

(1)动词转化为名词

常用give, take, have, make等动词与其搭配构成动词词组，表示一个动作。 eg:

give a smile 微笑 give a tick 踢 take a seat 就座

take a bath 洗澡 have a swim 游泳 have a talk谈话 make a wish 许愿

(2)形容词转化为副词

How long is the road?那条路有多条?(形容词)

How long have you been working there? 你在那里工作了多久?(副词)

(3)形容词转化为动词 eg:

The storm slowed down to half its speed. 风暴速度减慢了一半。

The girls gradually quieted down. 女孩子们慢慢安静了下来了。

(4)名词转化为动词 eg:

The hall can seat two thousand people.大厅能坐人。

The passengers have booked their plane ticket.旅客们已经订了飞机票。

(5)形容词转化为名词

Something has gone wrong with the tool.工具出了点毛病。(形容词)

Little children didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.小孩子不能辨别是非。(名词)

3.派生法

派生是由词根加词缀(前缀、后缀)构成新词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性;后缀一般只改变词性，不引起词义的变化。

前 缀 例 词

a-构成形容词、副词 Alive(活着的), abroad(在国外), alone

dis-(否定) discourage, disagree

en-(使可能) enrich, enable(使成为可能)，endanger

in-(ill, im-, ir-)(不，非) invisible(看不见), illogical(不合逻辑的), impossible, irregular(不规则的)

inter-(相互，之间) international, interchange

mis-(误) mislay, misunderstand(误会),mislead(误导)

re-(重复，再) recycle(循环),remarry, rewrite

tele-(远程) telephone, telegraph, telecommunications(电信)

un-(不)，non-(不，非) unfair, unknown, noon-conductor(非导体)

后 缀 例 词

名

词 -er……者 foreigner, traveler, speaker, reader

-ese……地方的人 Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese

-ian 精通……的人，……地方的人 musician, technician(技术员)， African, Asian

-ist 专业人员 pianist, physicist, scientist, violiinist

-ment性质，状态 movement(运动), development, encouragement

-ness性质，状态 illness, shyness, sadness, business

-or器具，……者 tractor, visitor, professor, actor

名

词 -tion表示动作、过程、结果 ageneration(世代)，suggestion, invention, action

形

容

词

practical(实用的),international, final

American, Italian, Australian

southern, northern, eastern

helpful, useful, harmful

reasonable, capable, eatable

foolish, British, English selfish

active, native(本族的),expensive, adoptive

windy, sleepy, healthy, sunny

careless, selfless(无私心的),harmless, useless

动

词 -fy使……化 simplify(简化), terrify(恐吓), satisfy

-ize使……成为 realize(实现), organize, stabilize, modernize

副

词 -ly表示方式、程度 badly, truly, angrily, suddenly

-ward(s)表示方向 toward(s), backward, outward(s)(向外)

数

词 -teen十 fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

-ty整十位数 forty, fifty, eighty, twenty

-th序数词 twelfth, twentieth, fourth

知识记忆

1.collision n.碰撞，冲突

a head-on collision正面冲突或相撞

He was killed in a car collision.他在一次汽车相撞中死亡。

His car had a collision with a bus.他的车与公交车相撞了。

A collision with Parliament could ruin the government’s plans.与议会的冲突可能会破坏政府的计划。

be in collision (with)/come into collision (with)(与……)冲突，相撞，发生矛盾

The two ships came into collision.那两只船相撞了。

People with revolutionary ideas may find themselves in collision with the forces of the law.

想革命的人会发现他们自己与法律的势力水火不相容。

2.permanent adj.永久的，固定的，长期不变的

permanent peace 长久的和平

a permanent job 固定的职业

The drug may cause permanent brain damage.这种药可能会引起永久性的脑部伤害。

This is my permanent address.这是我的固定居所。

After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a permanent job.做了一个星期的零工后，他找到了一份固定工作。

3.voyage n.航海，航行

The ship set out on a long voyage.那艘船出发进行长途航行。

The voyage to England took seven days.这次去英国的航行时间是七天。

We made a voyage to Australia.我们航行到了澳大利亚。

He is now on the voyage home.他正在返航途中。

David went on a voyage around the world.大卫作了环游世界的航行。

When I give up work I shall make/take a long sea voyage.我离职后要作一次长途航海旅行。

4.aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上，上船，上飞机

All aboard! 各位请上船(飞机、车)!

Welcome aboard! 欢迎大家乘船(飞机、车)!

All 257 aboard died in the airliner crash.那次飞机失事中，机上的257名乘客全部遇难。

We got aboard though the boat was crowded.虽然船上很拥挤，我们还是上了船。

He came running along and climbed aboard just as the train was to pull out.

就在火车即将开动时，他跑过来了并爬上了火车。

5.gentle adj.温和的，温柔的，有礼貌的，文雅的

Mothers are always gentle with their children.母亲对待孩子总是温柔体贴。

My new teacher is both gentle and encouraging toward me.我的新老师对我既温和又鼓励。

Mary is very gentle; she never talks roughly.玛丽很文雅，她从来不说粗话。

She was small, and gentle in her voice and movements.她小巧玲珑，声音温柔，动作文雅。

She gave the baby a gentle pat on the back.她在小孩的背上轻轻地拍了一下。

6.throw light on/upon使……显得非常清楚

The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.现代科学的发展已使这个问题明朗化。

Can you throw any light on the problem? 你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗?

The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.这个信息可以解开贝克医生之迷。

7.matter n.事情，问题[C];物质，内容[U]

a private matter 私事

the matter under discussion 讨论中的问题

Political matters interest him greatly.他对政治问题深感兴趣。

It’s no laughing matter.这不是开玩笑的事。

The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质组成的。

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种形态存在，即固体、液体和气体。

The matter in your essay is excellent.你文章的内容写得很好。

8.phenomena n.[pl.]现象，奇迹(单数形式是phenomenon)

Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.下雨和下雪是天气现象。

The phenomena were observed by astronomers throughout the world.全世界的天文学家都观测到了这种现象。

That’s a natural phenomenon.那是一种自然现象。

An eclipse is an interesting phenomenon.日食是很有趣的现象。

Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的奇才。

A child who can play the piano at the age of two would be called a phenomenon.两岁就能弹钢琴的小孩可称为奇才。

9.labour n.努力;劳动，劳动果实

mental labour 脑力劳动 physical labour 体力劳动

Workers are paid for their labour.工人以劳动获得报酬。

His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.这本新书是他大约三年努力的成果。

It is labour to read the Bible through.读完圣经是件相当吃力的工作。

10.hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑，踌躇

She hesitated before picking up the phone.她在拿起听筒前犹豫了一下。

She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。

We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.去巴黎要住哪儿，我们很少有拿不定主意的情况。

Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.如果你有什么要求，请告诉我，不要犹豫。

I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?

向你提要求真不好意思，请你推荐我去担任那项职务好吗?

hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇

without hesitation毫不犹豫

I had no hesitation in telling the truth.我毫不迟疑地说出了实情。

发散思维

1.distance n.距离

当询问距离是多少时，要用what提问。

What’s the distance to London? 到伦敦的距离是多少?

distance的修饰语常用some,good,great,long,short等。

It’s a good distance away.离得很远。

The villagers have to walk a long distance to get water.村民们要走很远去取水。

distance常构成下列短语：

within walking distance“在步行可及的地方，几步之遥”

The park is within (easy) walking distance of my house.公园离我家只有几步之遥。

My parents live within walking distance of me.我父母住在我家附近。

at/from a distance (of)“从远处”

This picture looks better at a distance.从远处看，这张画更好看。

Now and then he stepped back to look at his work from a distance.他不时地退后几步从远处看一看他的作品。

One can see the ancient ruins at/from a distance of 20 miles.人们从20英里之处就能看到这个古迹。

in the distance“在远处，远方的”

A ship could be seen in the distance.可以看到远方有一艘船。

I made out three figures moving in the distance.我看到远处有三个黑影在活动。

keep sb.at a distance “与某人保持一段距离，不很亲密”

Mr.Smith is kind to the workers in his store, but after work he keeps them at a distance.

史密斯先生对他商店的工人很好，但下班后却与他们不很亲密。

It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.

很难搞懂她，因为她总是与人保持一定的距离。

2.attention n.注意力，注意，留心，关心

It is difficult to hold the students’ attention for more than an hour.

要让学生们持续集中注意力达一个小时以上，真是很难。

This matter requires our close attention.这件事我们必须密切注意。

He drew attention to the rising unemployment.失业率日渐升高引起了他的注意。

We listened with attention to what he said.我们倾听他所说的话。

My grandfather is over eighty and needs a lot of attention.我的祖父年过八十，需要经常照顾。

The patient needed immediate attention.这位病人需要立即治疗。

常构成的短语：

pay/give attention to 注意 attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意

focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于 devote one’s attention to 专心于

turn one’s attention to 将注意力转向

背景知识

Jules Verne

Jules Verne(1828~1905),French writer and pioneer of science fiction,whose best known works today are Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea(1870)and Around the World in Eighty Days(1873).

Jules Gabriel Verne was born on February 8,1828,in Nantes,France.His parents were of a seafaring tradition,a factor which influenced his writings.As a boy,Jules Verne ran off to be a cabin boy on a merchant ship,but he was caught and returned to his parents.In 1847 Jules was sent to study law in Paris.While there,however,his passion for the theatre grew.Later in 1850,Jules Verne’s first play was published.His father was outraged when he heard that Jules was not going to continue law,so he discontinued the money he was giving him to pay for his expenses in Paris.This forced Verne to make money by selling his stories.

After spending many hours in Paris libraries studying geology,engineering,and astronomy, Jules Verne published his first novel Five Weeks in a Balloon(1863).Soon he started writing novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth(1864),From the Earth to the Moon(1866),and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea(1873).

Because of the popularity of these and other novels,Jules Verne became a very rich man.In 1876,he bought a large yacht and sailed around Europe.His last novel The Invasion of the Sea appeared in 1905.

Jules Verne died in the city of Amines on March 24,1905.

课文译文

儒勒凡尔纳：科幻小说的鼻祖

儒勒凡尔纳在1828年出生于法国。他的父亲送他去巴黎学习法律，但儒勒却对戏剧产生了热爱。为了谋生，儒勒不得不从事写作并卖掉自己的作品。凡尔纳花了好多时间在巴黎图书馆研究地质学、物理学和其他学科。在他的书中他应用了他那个时代最新的理念和科学发明。他小说中出现的好多工具都会使读者想起本杰明富兰克林有名的关于电的实验。通过把他那个年代的科学发展再往前推一步，儒勒凡尔纳奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。他还提出发明在将来会得到怎么样的应用，而这些用法在他那个年代是被认为不可能的。儒勒凡尔纳死于19，远远早于他任何一个梦想的实现。

在《海底两万里》这本书的一开始,那是他的一部有名的小说,世界各地的船只突然失踪,而且这被认为是一只大海怪造成的。艾瑞纳克斯博士，他的仆人以及一位加拿大的捕鲸者开始去寻找那个怪物。在好几个月的搜寻之后,他们终于找到了它。在随后的搏斗中他们三个人被扔进水中。在他们挣扎求生当中，他们发现自己在一个怪物的表面上，而那怪物其实是一艘潜水艇。他们被带上船，尼莫船长不打算杀掉他们,相反却和他们结成永久的朋友。从那天起,他们就计划逃离。

尼莫船长带着他们在海洋里航行。诺特拉斯是一只非凡的船。里面的家具非常的珍贵。大大的窗户可以打开也可以关闭,这使我们能欣赏到海底世界。这只船还非常结实，外面被厚厚的铁板保护着。船上所需要的一切都来自于海洋。电被用来照明,取暖,提供动力和使船抵御外来袭击。

身穿潜水衣，被船的灯光照明，他们行走在这个魔幻世界里。他们发现自己被五彩的岩石、各种各样的鱼、贝类和海底植物所包围。这些海底生物在碧蓝的海水中摇曳和慢慢移动。

自从这本书一出版，读者们就对尼莫船长的性格感到扑朔迷离。你很难说喜不喜欢他。你或许认为他是一个残酷的人，因为他不仅把艾瑞纳克斯和其他人囚禁起来，还破坏船只。然而在其他时候，比如说当他为在沉船中溺死的人哭泣的时候，你又会认为他很温柔和脆弱。

另外一部精彩小说是《地心探险记》。这部小说是以一部古书里的古老文献的发现为开始的。他向人们解释了怎样发现去地心的路。两位男子决心去冰岛冒险，在那里他们通过一个死活山口走进了地底。他们的导游带着他们穿越一个狭长的通道来到了地下。经过一个煤层和大理石层，他们已经走得越来越深了。他们喝地下河流的沸腾的水。几天过后，他们来到了地下湖和地下海洋。沿着它们的岸边走，他们穿越了一个大森林，里面的蘑菇和植物已经在地球上生存了几百万年了。为了穿越海洋，他们造了一个小筏子但是在海上还是受到了古代海怪的袭击。最后，他们的小筏子被卷入了急流。伴随着越来越高的速度和温度，他们被位于意大利南部的火山口喷出。

弗兰肯斯坦的故事

没有人会比我有一个更加快乐的童年。不同于其他孩子的玩耍和冒险，我有一种强烈的求知欲。我对于语言结构和法律一点都不感兴趣。我想知道地球和天空的奥秘。我的父亲没有科学方面的专业知识，所以我必须在没有人指点迷津的基础上自己去寻找出路。我开始寻求智慧，并梦想找到治愈我疾病的办法。

我阅读了所有有关这件事的书籍。我研究了数学和物理还有其他知识渊博的作者的书。在我17岁的时候，我的父母送我上了大学。但是我发现大学里所教的东西非常地令人失望。因而我决定开创一种新的方法，探索未知的力量，并把大自然最为神奇的秘密揭示给世人。

一个吸引我注意力的现象是人类的身体构造，和任何活着的动物的身体构造。我经常问自己，生命的法则是来自于哪里呢?在无数个日日夜夜的极辛苦劳碌中，我发现了人类的起源和怎样从死去的物质中创造新生命。

当我发现我手中拥有这样神奇的力量之后，我犹豫了好久究竟应怎样用它。尽管我知道怎样创造生命，怎样为这个生命准备好它的肌肉和器官，这仍然是一项困难的工作。一开始我还犹豫是否要创造一个像我一样的人，或者只是几个简单的器官。但是很快我便什么也不想，只想创造一个像人一样完整和神奇的生物。

正是怀着这些情感我开始了我创造人的过程。由于人的身体的各部分过小延误了我的速度，我决定把这个人的尺寸做的比平常人更大一些:高有八尺。在这种想法的引导下，花了好几个月搜集和整理材料，我才真正开始。

谁能想到我这项秘密工作的恐怖?我从坟墓里搜集死人的骨头，并把死人的尸体切开。我的好多工具都是来自于肉铺和医院。是在一个11月份的夜晚，我看到了我工作的结果。我把我的器具放在我的身旁，用这些器具，我可以使我脚底下的这个死了的生物复活。直到第二天一早，我的蜡烛快熄灭的时候。我才看到那个生物睁开他那黄色污浊的眼睛。

高二英语复习教案12 篇4

高二英语Unit17 Disabilities知识点总复习教案

高二英语Unit17 Disabilities知识点总复习教案 Section I  课前准备、听力、口语 1. Talk about disability? 谈一谈残疾 (p. 49 Goal 1) * disability和inability ▲ dis-和in-都是表示否定意义的前缀，但用在ability前，表示不同的意思，disability意为“残疾”，而inability意为“无能力”“没办法”。请比较下列例句，注意这两个词的不同意思。① I was surprised at her inability to do things promptly. 她不能迅速处事，我感到惊异。② She is deaf，but refuses to let her disability prevent her from doing what she wants to do. 她失聪，但她不让自己的残疾妨碍自己去做想做的事。③ His inability to pay his debts made his parents worried. 他无力偿还债务使他父母亲很着急。④ Her lack of experience is a severe disability. 她缺少经验是一个严重的障碍。 【注】ability的形容词是able，其前也有两个否定前缀，dis-和an-表示不同的意思，disable是动词，意为“使……伤残”，而unable则是形容词，表示“不能的”“不会的”。如：① That illness disabled him and left him unable to work. 那病使他残疾，不能工作。② An accident disabled him from teaching. 一次交通事故使他再也不能教书了。③ He seems unable to understand the simplest instructions. 他看来似乎连最简单的说明也不懂。④ He was unable to sleep at night because of his anxiety. 他因焦虑而晚上睡不着。 2. Imagine what difficulties and dangers you might face. 想像一下你可能面对的困难和危险。(p.49 Warming up Ex.1)  ▲ imagine (1) vt. imagine + 名词／代词／动名词／从句 ① Can you imagine a fat man like that climbing? 你能想像得出那样胖的人爬山吗? ② I cant imagine asking him for money. 我难以想像向他开口要钱。 注意：imagine不接不定式。只接动名词 ① Its hard to imagine a greater threat to world peace. 难以想像还有对世界和平更大的威胁。② You cant imagine how I missed the bird. 你想像不到我是多么想念那只鸟。 注意：imagine sb. to be结构，但不能说imagine sb. to do. 如: You imagine yourself (to be) in the place. 设想你处在这个位子上。 (×)  I can’t imagine you to do anything worse. (√ ) I can’t imagine you doing anything worse. 我难以想像你还能做更差的事。 (2) imagine可用于双重问句形式，其结构为特殊疑问句，imagine部分为插入部分，类似动词还有think, believe, suggest, suppose, guess等。① What do you think his explanation is? 你认为他的解释是什么? ② Which mouse do you imagine we should pick out? 你认为我们该挑哪种鼠标? 注意：该句型为特殊疑问句形式，所以回答时应用特殊疑问句的回答形式。-- How much do you think this car cost? 这车你认为值多少钱? -- I think it costs 4, 000 dollars. 我认为值4 000美元。 注意：此类动词反问句的构成有两种情况：当主句主语是第一人称时，反问根据从句；当主句主语为二、三人称时根据主句。① I think she is the best student in our class, isnt she? 我认为她是我们班最好的学生，不是吗? ② She thinks that he should have finished his work, doesnt she? 她认为他已完成了工作，是吗? (3) imagine，believe，suppose，think等词在构成否定句时一般要否定前移，同时注意这些词的.肯定、否定答复。① I dont think he will be the likeliest candidate for the manager of human resource department. 我认为他将不是人力资源部经理最可能的人选。② I dont think that he did the best. 我认为他并非最好。③ --Do you think Tom is the best student in our class? 你认为汤姆在我们班上是最好的学生吗? -- Yes, I think so. (肯定答复)是，我认为是。-- No, I think not / I dont think so. (否定回答)不，我认为不是。 联想：(派)imagination n. 想像，想像力；空想； imaginary adj. 想像中的、虚构的；imaginative adj. 富于想像力的；有创见的image n. 形象、印象。 ▲ might 情态动词might表推测“可能”，另外表推测的情态动词还有must，may，can，could等词，用来表示对现在情况推测时后加动词原形；对过去情况推测时后加have done形式；might可能性比must，may弱，且must只用于肯定句，can只用于否定或疑问句。① Wed better hurry. Our teacher must be waiting for us. 快点，我们老师肯定正在等我们。② You mustnt play with the knife. It might hurt your hand. 不要玩刀子，它会割伤你的手。③ Peter may come with us, but he isnt sure. 彼得可能会跟我们来，但他拿不定主意。④ He must have finished his homework. 他肯定已经完成作业了。⑤ He cannot have attended your lecture yesterday. I saw him in the cinema. 他昨天不可能去听你的演讲了，我在电影院看见他了。 3. Share your ideas with the class and try to think of ways to make public places safer and better for the disabled. 跟全班同学分享你的想法并尽力想出办法使公共场所对于残疾人更安全、更好。( p.49 Warming up Ex.2) ▲ share (1) vt. 合用、分担、分享 ① Everyone in the house share the bathroom. 在此房间的人共用此浴室。② She never shares any of her husbands worries. 她从不担她丈夫的忧愁。③ May I share your umbrella? 我可以用你的伞吗? 短语：share...wire... 与……共用…… ① Let me share the newspaper with you. 让我们一起看这张报纸。 ② Ill share the cost with you. 我将与你共同分担这费用。 (2) vi. 共用、分享share in ① I havent enough books for everyone, some of you will have to share. 我没有足够多的书提供给每一个人；你们中的一部分要与人合用一本。 ② Lets share in your joy. 让我们共享你的快乐。 (3) n. 份 a share一份 拓展：share and share alike平分、均摊; go shares平分 take ones share 尽自己的一份责任; shareware 共享软件 share holding 股权; share holder 股票持有人 ▲ make复合结构的几种情况 make + n. (宾语) + 补语 名词 make sb. a singer 形容词 make the door open 省to不定式 make sb. do sth. (被动时不省to) 过去分词make sb. understood ① They made him captain. 他们选他当队长。② The news made her sad. 这消息使她悲伤。③ They made me repeat it. = I was made to repeat it. 他们让我重说。④ Speak louder in order to make yourself heard. 声音大一点，以便让别人听到你说什么。 拓展：make常用短语: be made of (看出材料)由……制成; be made from (看不出材料)由……制成; be made into 制成……; be made in 产自……; be made up of 由……组成; make up 编造，弥补，组成; make the beds 铺床; make laws 制定法律; make a noise 喧闹; make progress 取得进步; make war 发动战争; make peace 讲和; make a mistake 出错; make tea 泡茶; make plans 制定计划; make a fire 生火; make enemies 树敌; make a fortune 发财; make a price 定价; make a promise 许诺; make it 约定、实现目标; make oneself at home 别客气 Section II  阅读 4. I know people are trying to help, but I wish they wouldn’t treat me as if I were a child. 我知道人们试图帮助我，但是我希望他们不要把我看成孩子。(p.51 Reading 第一段 第1行) ▲ try (1) vt. 尝试、打算、努力做 * try to so sth. 尽力做……① Ill work hard and try to improve. 我努力工作并努力提高。② He tried to break away from me. 他想摆脱我。 (2) vt. 试用、试试。try + 名词 / 代词 / -ing ① Try my pen. 试试我的钢笔。② Were going to try a new treatment. 我将试用一种新疗法。③ He tried writing out his view. 他试着写出自己的想法。④ Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 如果敲前门没人听到，那就试着敲敲后门。 注意：try to do和try doing的不同意义；还有许多后接不定式和动名词时意义不同的动词，常用的有: mean to do 打算做……; mean doing 意味着……; regret to do sth. 遗憾要做; regret doing 遗憾做过某事; forget to do 忘记去做…;  forget doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记得要做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事 stop to do 停下来做(另一件事) stop doing停止做 (正在做的事) go on to do 继续做(另一件事) go on doing继续(同一件事) (3) n. 试一试 have a try试一试 辨析：try to do与 manage to do try to do sth. 为尽力做某事，不强调结果，而manage to do 相当于 succeed in doing 强调实现某一目标。 5. … and she won an award for young scientists last. 去年曾获小科学家奖。(p.51 Reading 第一段第4行) * award和reward ▲ award作名词时意思是“奖金”“奖品”。如：① The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥林匹克优胜者获得一枚金质奖章作为奖品。② He received an award of 1000 dollars for having saved a little boy. 他因救了一个小男孩而得到一千美元的奖金。 ▲ award可作为动词用，意为“授予”“奖给”“给予”。如：① The university awarded her a scholarship. 学校授予她奖学金。② They awarded her a medal for bravery.她表

 

高二英语复习教案12 篇5

1.die out 熄灭；绝种；逐渐消失。如：

①The fire died out .火灭了。

②That talkative man’s voice died out.那个健谈的人的声音渐渐地听不见了。

2.the + 形容词（分词）表示一类人的用法。

常见的短语有：

the old(young; rich; poor; learned; living…).如：

The living should carry out what the dead unfinished.

活着的人（后人）应该把前人未竞事业进行到底。

3.no more than①(=noly)仅仅，不过。②两者都不。如：

①What can I do, I’m no more than a citizen.

我能怎么样，我只不过是个平民百姓。

②Tom is no cleverer than Jack.汤姆和杰克都不聪明。

但是：not more than 表示A 不如B（……）或不超过。如；

①My English is not better than yours.

我的英语不如你的好。

②I think you are not more than twenty years old.

我想你不满二十岁吧。

4.关于there be句型：①是一种倒装句式，be后的主语要和be在数上保持一致。如：

There is a pen, two books and some other things on the table.桌上有一支笔，两本书和一些其他的东西。

②there be句型有完成式there have(has)been;有将来式there is

going to(will)be。

③there be句型中可加情态动词。如：

I am sure there used to be a shop near here.我肯定在这附近以前有家商店。

④there be句型中有的be,还可以用其他词表示“有、存在”，there live(一般跟人，有……一个人)，there stand(指物，树、高楼之类)，there lie(物，如一片土地等)。如：

There stand many tall buildings in our school and there lies a large wheat field in front of it.

我们学校里耸立着许多高楼，校门口是一大片麦田。

5.insist表示“坚持要求（某人或主语本身）干某事。”；suggest 表示“建议”，以及order, demand, request, advise…，这些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气形式。

即主语+（should）+动词原形+……，should常可省略。如：

He insisted that he(should)be sent to the poorest place to work。他坚持要求派他去最贫穷的地方工作。

agree with sb.(sth：表意见、看法等的名词)

6. agree to sth.(表示安排、计划之类的词)

agree on sth.(一般表示原双方共同商讨以后达成协议的名词)]

如：I don’t agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.

我不赞同你在这件事的安排，但或许在协商之后我们可以就这个工程达成共识。

7.①be fit for适合于

This job is fit for you.这份工作适合你干。

②主语+be + fit + to do sth.如：

Nobody is fit to take his place.没有合适的人接替他。

③（物，衣物之类）+fit+sb.表示衣帽之类适合某人，合身。

The shirt does not fit me well.这件衬衫不太合我的身。

8.in place/out of place在原处；在合适的位置。

①You should keep everything in place.(=in order)

你应该把所有的东西都放好。

②What you said is somewhat out of place.你的话有些离谱了。

9.lose one’s sight(way; life; work;reason)分别表示：失明；

迷路；牺牲；失业；失去理智等。如：

His son lost his life in the fighting.他儿子在战斗中牺牲了。

10.put sb. to the trouble(of doing sth.)给某人添麻烦，使某人为做某事而为难，trouble是不可数名词。如：

They didn’t want to put me to the trouble of meeting them at the station.他们不想麻烦我去车站接他们。

11.be after追寻；追捕；找……

12.do sb. a favour或do a favour for sb.给某人帮个忙，如果有to do sth.则常用。

do sb.the favour to do sth.如：

①I wonder if you can do me a favour?我不知道你能不能帮我个忙？（没有说干何事）

②Please do me the favour to open the door, I want to go

out.

麻烦你给我开一下门，我要出去。

13.very当形容词用时，意思为“正是，恰好是……”如果有定语从句则常用that 引导。如：This is the very book(that)I’m after.这正是我要找的书。

14.make…to one’s own measure“依照某人的尺寸做……”如：

This coat is made to you own measure,I’m sure it will fit you nicely.这件大衣是你订做的，我想肯定很合身。

to当介词用，“依照、按照”如：

She is dancing to the music.她在随音乐节拍跳舞。

15.depend on(=rely on)依靠；依赖；以……而定；取决于……。如：

①Whether you will succeed or not depends on how hard you

work.你是否成功得看你努力的程度。

②I don’t want to depend on my parents any longer.我不想再依赖父母了。

16. do up 收拾（东西）。整理、梳装打扮、系（扣）好……

①He was so hurried that he did up his buttons wrongly.

他太着急了以致于扣错了纽扣。

②She spent a long time doing up her hair.她花了很长时间把头盘起来。

二、精典名题导解

题1 （NMET 1999）

They not only make it difficult to sleep at night , but they are__________damage to our houses, and shops of historical interest.

A.doing B.raising C.putting D.producing

分析：A。该题考查固定搭配。do damage to对……造成损坏。

题2 （NMET 1994）

The first text books__________ for teaching English as foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A.having written B.to be written

C.being written D.written

分析：D。write 与the first textbooks之间存在被动关系，表结果。

题3 （NMET 1996）

___________in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose

分析：C。大多数过去分词含有“被动”和“完成”双重意义，有的过去分词只含有“完成”意义，有的则“被动”“完成”意义均没有。be lost in 意为“全神贯注”，它既无“完成”意义，又无“被动”意义，为一个固定词组。

题4 （上海2002）

Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases________only to people with specific knowledge.

A.being known B.having been known

C.to be known D.known

分析：D。本题考查的是过去分词表被动的用法。known相当于that are known .

题5 （NMET 1993）

In some parts of the world, tea________ with milk and sugar.

A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served

分析：B。serve意为“上菜、开 饭、斟酒”是及物动词。

题6 （上海 2002）

-You forgot your purse when you went out.

-Good heavens,__________.

A.so did I B.so I did C.I did so D.I so did