unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计)（通用6篇）

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) 篇1

The British Isles 课 时 6-1 授 课 时 间 .10

教 学 目 标 1. Train the Ss’ listening ability by doing some listening.

2. Master the expression for agreement and disagreement.

3. Get the Ss to learn about the UK and Ireland.

教学重、难点 Master the expressions for agreement and disagreement.

Improve the students’ listening ability.

教、 学 具 A tape-recorder, a projector and some slides

预习要 求 Search as much information as possible about the UK and Ireland

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting

Step2: Warming-up

1.Show the Ss a world map and ask the following questions:

a. Where is Europe?

b. Where is the British Isles?

c. What do you know about the British Isles?

2.Ask the Ss to look at the four pictures and guess where they were taken.

3. Work in groups having a discussion and try to find out as much as you can about the geography, history, culture, famous people, building and other things in the UK.

Step3: Listening

1.Get the Ss to discuss the following questions:

a. What subject do you learn at school?

b. What is your timetable like?

c. How do you learn English?

2.Make the Ss read the requirements to know what they should do .

4. Play the tape for the first time to get the general idea, then play the tape three times for the Ss to do exercises 1,2 and 3.Replay some parts of the tape if necessary

5. Check the answers with the whole class.

Step 4: Speaking

1. Get the Ss to answer the following questions:

a. Is English easy for Chinese people to learn? Or is Chinese easy for English people to learn?

b. Do you agree that we can learn the geography of the UK more easily by going there?

c. Which countries have better chances to become rich, small countries, big countries or island countries?

2. Make the Ss have a discussion about the three statements in the books in three groups. For each group, talk about one and make up a dialogue to express themselves.

Useful expressions:

Don’t you think that …?

I don’t think that’s right …

I don’t think so.

You must be mistaken …

Step 5: Summary and Homework

Summarize the knowledge learnt in this period. Then ask the Ss to do vocabulary exercises in the workbooks.

Ss answer the questions

Look at the pictures

Discuss and answer

Listen to the tape

Listen to the tape and do exercises

Answer the questions

Discuss

Discuss about the three statements. For each group, talk about one and make up a dialogue.

Finish vocabulary exercises in the workbooks.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-2 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 1. Get the Ss to know about the British Isles.

2. Develop the Ss’ reading ability by reading a passage “The British Isles”

教学重、难点 Train the students’ reading ability and develop their reading skill

How to help the Ss to grasp the main idea of the text

教、 学 具 A tape-recorder, a projector and some slides

预习要 求 Scan the illustrations and the contents above them

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Ask the questions about the British Isles:

What do you know about the United Kingdom?

How many countries make up the British Isles?

What do you know about Ireland?

Step2: Pre-reading

1. Show the Ss a map of the British Isles on the Bb. Ask the Ss to speak out the names of some places on the map.

2. Make the Ss answer the following questions according to the map

a. What is the British Isles made up of?

b. Where is the British Isles?

c. Which is the largest island?

Step3: Fast-reading

Now read the text as fast as possible and try to decide whether the following statements are true or not.

⒈ The British Isles is made of 3 parts.

⒉ The British Isles lies off the west of Europe.

⒊ The English Channel is only 20 miles wide.

⒋ The British Isles is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the British Isles.

⒌ There’s much rain in the British Isles.

⒍ Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.

⒎ There’s 6 languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles.

Step4:Careful- reading

1. Read the passage carefully to find out some details to fill in the chart.

Answer the questions

Look at the map and name the places on the map

Ss read the text as fast as possible and try to decide whether the following statements are true or not.

Scan the text to judge

Check answers with the whole class.

Items Details

Location

Climate

Culture

History

Language

2. Read the text carefully and try to sum up the main idea of each paragraph.

Para 1 General idea about England.

Para 2 Position of the British Isles.

Para 3 The climate of the British Isles.

Para 4 The culture of the people in the British Isles.

Para 5 The language spoken in Great Britain and Ireland.

Para 6 The history of the United Kingdom.

Para 7 The language spoken throughout the British Isles.

Step5: Post-reading

1. Listen to the tape to do exercise1 and check the answers.

2. Get them to finish exercises 2, 3 and 4

and check the answers.

Step6: Summary and Homework

Do reading comprehension in workbooks.

Bb design:

Read the ext carefully to fill in the chart

Read the passage to get the main idea

Listen to the tape to finish excises

Finish Wb exercises.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-3 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 1. Deepen the Ss’ understanding of the passage

2. Get the Ss to master some important words and expressions

3. Enable the Ss to use the words and expressions correctly

教学重、难点 The usages of some important words and expressions.

How to help the Ss to master them.

教、 学 具 A projector and some slides

预习要 求 Go through the text to find out some difficult sentences

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Ask some Ss to spell some new words and expressions learnt in the last period.

Step2: Language points

1.The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, Speakers’ corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.

⑴that引导的是一个同位语从句，用于说明idea的内容 。同位语从句常用于说明idea, news, hope, wish, fact, suggestion等抽象名词的具体内容，连词that 没有词义，不充当句子成份，但不可省略 。

⑵stand for

a. 代表，象征，意味着

b.赞同，支持，主张

e.g What principles do you stand for?⒉ …their view of British culture is sometimes narrow.

narrow 狭窄的，狭隘的，险胜的

⒊ The fact that the mainland of Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.

⑴ be made up of =consist of 由…组成

⑵ be unknown to sb.不为人所知道

⒋ …there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity-to see it as it really is, a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.

⑴make the most of充分利用，也可以说make the best of

⑵ diversity 多种多样，多样性

Mary has a great diversity of hobbies such as stamp collecting, traveling.

⑶as it is 以现在的样子，根据下面的情况看

⑷ hold together 使不分开或团结一致

⒌ The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide.

⑴separate A from B 把A与B分隔开，指:把放在一起的或连在一快的分开

e.g. A year is divided into twelve months.

⑵at one point在某一地点；一度

⒍ In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year, and receives more rain.

⑴ in general总的说来，大体上，通常

e.g. In general, people like her.

⑵ throughout the year 整年，一年到头throughout 贯穿，介词

e.g. He worked hard throughout the year to support his family.

⑶ receive 动词，收到，接到

⒎ In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and north can be as much as nine degree.

英语中在表示数量的词语前习惯上加as much as ,as many as等来加强语气。as much as用与表示 “雨（水）量”，时间 ，金钱，重量，钱数，价格等方面。表示 “总量”和“单位量”的大小，as many as用于人或者物的具体数量前，as much as从总的角度出发，侧重于“总量”，as many as从个体出发，侧重于具体数目。

as far as 远到；尽…程度

e.g. They walked as far as the seaside.

Don’t worry. I’ll help you as far as I can.

as long as 长达；只要

She spends as long as three hours on English study every day.

⒏ The culture of the people in the British Isles was influenced by the culture of the people on the European mainland.

influence 指不易察觉到的，潜移默化的影响

affect表示使“变化，对…产生不良影响”，着重“影响”动作。

influence 影响力，支配力

⒐ ……Their languages formed the basis for English.

⑴ form the basis for 构成/形成…的基础

⑵ 为…⑶打下基础，lay foundations for

e.g. Four –year college life laid solid basis for his further improvement.

⑶provide a basis for 为…⑶提供依据

e.g. The result provided a sound basis for further research.

⒑ The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.

end up with以…结束，通常是 最后接受某东西，其意思为receive sth. in the end

⒒ …but it was not only 250 years later that they formed a single state.

是一个强调句，有原句They didn’t formed a single state until 250 years later变化而来，此类句子需强调状语until时候，应将否定句not… 与状语until…一起作为强调部分，构成it was not until… that …的巨型

⒓…While the southern part of England was only part of the UK for some time…

⒔ There are six spoken languages that are considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.

⑴ be considered to be （consider sth/sb.to be+形容词或名词）的被动式，

⑵ be native to本土的，本国的，土生的

e.g. Panda is native to China.

⒂ They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.

Be of great value=be very valuable非常有价值的，可用于此类型的词有：use ,help, importance, help etc.

E.g. We consider their works of be of great value.

The invention is of great value. =The invention is very useful.

be+of+n=be+adj

Step3: Summary and Homework

Do some exercises on the screen.

Revising some words and expressions

Write notes and make sentences

The news that team has won the game is exciting.

WTO stands for World Health Organization.

A narrow river/street a narrow idea about relics a narrow escape(九死一生)

The group is made up of five members. = The group consists of five members.

The cause of the delay is still unknown to us.

He wished to make the most of his chance.

a wide diversity of opinions看法上的众说纷纭

Give as many as examples

I’ll send it to you as it is, (我就照现在的样子卖给你，) but don’t complain, if it doesn’t work.

The needs of the children held their marriage together.

She separated the good apples from the bad ones.

divide …into 指把整体分成部分

A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.

At one point, he was very weak.

The rain is plentiful, often as much as seventy inches every year.

At the job, she could earn as many as eighty dollars every week.

The civil war in that country lasted as much as eighty 16 years.

We must learn as many as 300 English words.

The kind of English built as many as 50 pyramids.

Probably we influenced each other.

Parents have a great influence on Children.

This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.

We ended the supper up with fruit and coffee.

It was not until 1969 that man set his first step on the moon.

原句：Man didn’t set his first step on the moon until 1969.

We considered this (to be) very important.

Write down notes and make some examples

Look at the examples

The party was ended up with a pop song.

He is considered to be the best student.

The machine is of use.= The machine is useful.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 9

Grammar 课 时 6-4 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 Make the Ss know more about some words learn in this period

Enable the Ss to master noun as the Subject, the Object, the Predicative

教学重、难点 Master the usages of the noun clauses

How to master the differences between the Appositive clause and the Attrib Master the usages of the noun clause

教、 学 具 A projector and some slides

预习要 求 Find out the noun clauses as many as possible in the text

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Revise the uses of some words and expressions learnt in the last period by doing some excises on the screen.（略）

Step2: Word Study

1.Look at the words in the box and try to think of their meanings. Then complete the sentences with the proper words.

2.Check the answers with the whole class and ask the Ss to translate into Chinese.

Keys: union, Republic, upper, consists, mistaken, narrow, influence, basis.

Step3: Grammar

1.Ask the Ss to look at the sentences on the screen.

a. That they carry their conversation

in French is suggested. (Subject Clause)

b. He made a suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French

(Appositive Clause)

c. His suggestion was that they carry on their conversation in French. (Predicate Clause)

d. This is the suggestion that he made last week. (Attributive Clause)

名词性从句介绍

名词性从句包括：主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，多由连词that, wh-疑问词或由what, whatever等关系代词引导。

⒈ 主语从句

⑴ 主语从句在句子中充当主语

E.g. Why he refused to work with you is still a mystery.

Whatever comes is welcome.

⑵ 主语从句前的that不能省略，仅仅起连接作用，有时候为保持句子平衡，that从句后置，而由it作形式主语。

E.g. That he became a lawyer may have been due to his mother’s influence.

It is not true that he has moved to New York.

⒉ 宾语从句在句子中充当宾语

E.g. I don’t know where the sound came from.

Don’t be satisfied with what you have achieved.

⒊ 当从句放在系动词be, look, remain, seem等后构成表语从句。

E.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address.

It seemed that the night would never end.

⒋ 同位语从句

⑴同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释，能接同位语从句的常见名词有: idea, news, fact, problem, belief, opinion, hope, understanding…

⒌ whether与if 在名词性从句中的用法区别

if 一般 指用于引导从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词性从句。

⑴连词whether引导主语从句，表语从句时不能用if来替换。

⑵宾语从句中，whether常与or not搭配，也可以说 whether or not, 而不说if or not.

E.g. I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting.

⑶whether也可用在介词 后，或带to 不定式前，if or not.

E.g. She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.

⑷ 某些动词后面（如discuss）只能用whether, 不用if .

E.g. We discussed whether we should go on climbing.

在句子中做主语的从句叫主语从句，是一种 重要的名词性从句。

⒈由what等连词引导的从句

⒉ 由that 引导的主语从句

⒊ 由whether, if等引导的主语从句,句

首用Whether

⒋ 由whoever. whatever等引导的主语从句

whoever=the person who或anyone who. who 也可以引导主语从句，但只能表示“谁”

Anyone 与the person皆不能引导从句。

⒌ 由it 作形式主语引起的主语 从句

that从句做主语时候，常用it做形式主语，而把that引导的主语从句放到句子后。在下列情况下使用形式主语it，将主语从句放在句尾。

⑴位于是seem，appear，be（im）possible，be a pity，be a wonder，be likely等。

E.g. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.

It appeared that he was right.

⑵在It is known…; It is said…;It is hoped…; It is believed…等句型中。

注意：有时候在“It is necessary(important. suggested等)＋that clause”结构中, that从句常用“should+动词原形” 形式来表示虚拟语气, 其中should常可省去.

Step4: Practice

Ask the Ss to do grammar exercises in the Ss’ book or workbooks. Then check the answers with the whole class.

Step5: Summary and Homework Ss do excises on the screen and check the answers.

Ss fill in the blanks

Do some translation

Ss speak out the usages of the that clauses

Ss think of the usages

The fact that we talked about is very important.(定语从句)

The fact that he succeed in the experiment pleased everybody. (同位语从句)

Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain.

The question is whether he will come.

Ss make some examples

What you have done might do harm to other people.

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.

That you don’t like him is none of my business.

Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

Who will win is not important.

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.

It doesn’t matter what you say.

E.g. is necessary that a college student should master at least a foreign language.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-5 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 ⒈ Enable the Ss to learn how to describe a place in its landscape, culture, relics, the people, their life, economy and etc.

⒉ More practice at Noun Clauses.

教学重、难点 Improve the Ss’ integrating skills-reading and writing

How to train the Ss’ writing skill

教、 学 具 A tape recorder and some slides

预习要 求 Scan the text and search more information about England

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Revision

Ask the Ss to open their books to page 40 and look at the exercise in Checkpoint5.Make them complete the sentences by using the noun clauses. ( after a while)Check the answers with the class.

Step2: Reading

Get the students to read the passage quickly and ask some questions about it.

⒈ What can be seen across the fields of Salisbury?

Sheep can be seen everywhere.

⒉ What’s the cathedral famous for?

The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower. It’s 404 feet high. Daniel thinks the tower is the highest and the most handsome in England.

⒊ How many important kinds of produce and trade are there in the city of Salisbury? What are they?

There’re two important kinds of produce and trade in Salisbury. They’re making cloth and sheets called Salisbury whites.

⒋ How about the hills and fields there?

The hill and fields are most beautiful with many small and clear rivers and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.

⒌ Say something about the hills of Salisbury(The last paragraph)

Step3: Retelling

Get the students to read the text once again and have them retell the text.

Step4: Language points

⒈ …the great number of them is very wonderful.

The number of +复数名词(谓语动词用单数) a number of + 复数名词(谓语动词用复数)

E.g. A number of students were studying in the reading-room.

⒉ All around the city of Salisbury, as far as twenty-two miles to the west, and six miles south, down to the coast, farmers raise sheep.(此句子中farmers raise sheep是句子的主干,前面均是表示方位, 距离的短语做状语. 其中south前面省略to the .由于coast是地势较低处,所以用down to the coast.

⒊ There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the centre.

⑴句中fed within six miles of Salisbury是一个过去分词短语修饰sheep，measuring…是一个V-ing短语，修饰six miles of Salisbury。

⒋ The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 410 feet.

⑴without doubt=certainly无疑地；确定地

e.g. Without doubt, our team will win the game.

⑵ being from the ground 404 feet在此句中做状语，用语说明tower的高度。

⒌ Neither of them is very big, but they become a larger river when joined together, and yet larger when joined by a third river.

⑴ a third river又一条河流，不定冠词a 用在序数词之前，表示“再一次， 又一”。

E .g. You can have a second try if you fail the first time.

⑵Neither of the books is interesting.(这2本书都没意思。)表示“两者都”，用both of＋复数名词，表复数概念。

E.g. Both of you have to go there.

⒍ …, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round-namely, making cloth and sheets,

namely 副词，即，就是，用以补充或具体说明前面已提到的事物

e.g. Two boys are late for school today-namely, Tom and Jim.

⒎ …with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.

⑴bearing fruit and grain做宾语补足语，bear“结果实”，产生，长出

e.g. The tree is bearing a lot of apples this year.

⑵ with +宾语＋v-ing，在此做状语。

E.g. With you standing here, we can’t work.

⒏ …, village and houses, and among them(指代houses) many（后省略了are） of good size.

Of good size= have good size

E.g. The cellphone is of great high quality.

=The cellphone has high quality.

Step6: Writing

Ask the Ss to look at the main ideas in the boxes and try to write a composition to describe their hometowns. The teacher can show them a simple composition on the screen.

Step7: Summary and Homework

Make the Ss speak out the way of writing a descriptive composition. Ask them to write a composition after class.

Ss do the excises in Checkpoint5 and check the answer

Ss read the passage to answer the questions

Retell the passage

Find out some difficult sentences

Make some sentences according to the usages.

Make notes and listen

Try to write down some key words

Ss speak out the way of writing a descriptive composition，then write one composition.

课 题 SEFCB2 Unit 5 课 时 6-6 授 课 时 间 2004.

教 学 目 标 1. Get the Ss to master some important language points in Unit5.

2. Help the Ss to learn the way of dealing with problems.

3. Improve the Ss’ reading and writing ability.

教学重、难点 The important language in Unit5

How to help the Ss master them and deal with problems easily and correctly.

教、 学 具 A projector and some slides

预习要 求 Scan the whole paper and try correcting the mistakes

教 师 活 动 内 容、方 式 学 生 活 动 内 容、方 式 旁 注

Step1: Greeting and Analysis

Analyze the whole paper and praise some Ss. At the same time, encourage some Ss who failed to pass the exam.

Step2: Single choice

Check the answers with the whole class, then choose some difficult ones to explain to the Ss.

1. In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.

此句中in common即共同的与句意不符合，in total为总共，总计，而in particular为特别的，也不对。只有表示大体上一般的in general 才正确。

2. The news has spread all the country that the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.

The news that为同位语从句，对news进一步说明解释。

3.Scoland lies to the north of England; it is part of Britain.

表示位置的词to可接壤可不接壤，不在一个范围内，on表示两地接壤或者在河岸上，off表示远离，in表示在范围内。England和Scotland不在一个范围内用to，而它是属于Britain的一部分，所以用part。而be part of表示前者是后者的一部分。

4.run over 表示从。。。上碾过或者水满溢出，the cup was full and the water in it was running over

5. ---What made her so sad?

. ---That she failed in the examination.

此句中that引导一个主语从句，that 只起连接作用，没有实际意义。而because 和 as ，since都是回答why的问题。

6. Oh, please don’t. He is now seriously ill. Just look at the state he is in.

这里state 表示状况，它现在的情况，用in。e. g in a poor state of health。健康状况不好。同时state 有国家。州。政府的意思。

6. With the approach of Christmas the weather turned colder.

在这里approach 指的是名词来临。同时它还有动词的性质，临近，靠近等。还有做事的方法，途径，入门等名词性质。

7.We saw a big black bear coming up on us from the woods.

选择come up 表示熊向我们靠近过来，come up 有靠近，走近，发生的意思。而come out表示出版，出现；come back 表示恢复的意思。故选择come up。

Step 3: Cloze Test

Ask some students to report their answers and choose some difficult ones to explain.

40. in the way she liked best.表示她最喜欢的方式，下面进行了介绍。

50. never miss it.

这里的miss表示错过。这样便宜的东西她从来不会错过。

55. being persuaded .

她担心会被劝服去买东西，persuade 表示说服去做某事。

Step4: Reading Comprehension

1. Make the Ss report the main idea of each paragraph, then ask some students to speak out their answers.

2. Choose the most difficult ones to explain.

Step5: Correcting

Ask some Ss to correct the mistakes. Then check the right answers with the whole class. Choose some difficult ones to explain.

(1) be mending be mended

(2) feet foot

(3) in such a long time after such a long time

Step6: Writing

1. Ask someone to read his or her composition before the whole class. Make others correct it.

2. Get all the Ss to write down the key words.

3. Show a sample composition on the screen and ask the Ss to read it .

Step7: Homework

Read all the items in this unit. Ss check the answers with the teacher

Ss make some sentences

Ss speak out the usages of the noun clause

Ss report their answers and try to correct the mistakes

Some one report the main idea of each paragraph

Ss find out some difficult ones

Report the answers and try to look for the right answers in the passages

Write down some key words

Check answers.

Ss correct the answers.

Check answers with the whole class.

Someone read his or her composition before the whole class. Make others correct it.

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) 篇2

对于初一的学生而言, 进入了学习外语的最佳时期 (12～15岁) 。其中一部分学生, 尤其是来自农村地区的学生, 刚刚接触英语;同时此时的学习者较小学阶段在智力和认知能力等方面都有了很大的提高。因此, 英语教材中适当的语用输入对于初一的学生来说尤为重要。目前的初一英语教材是人民教育出版社发行的《义务教育课程标准实验教科书英语 (新目标) 》系列教材之一。笔者将简要的从语用角度, 即合作原则、相邻对和语境三方面透析《新目标》 (学生用书七年级上册) 中的对话设计, 就其疏漏之处提出一些个人的建议和解决方法。

一、《新目标》的对话内容简介

全书的对话设计采用任务型语言教学 (Task-based Language Learning) 模式, 融合了话题交际功能和语言结构, 形成了一套循序渐进的生活化的学习程序。全书正式共14个单元, 其中包括2个复习单元, 同时附加3个单元的预备篇。现将正式的14个单元中的对话设计的主题和句型归纳如下:

通过此表格可对全书的对话主题和主要句型结构获得总体的印象, 便于理解下文所做的分析。

二、从合作原则分析对话设计

浏览全书不难发现书中部分对话的设计遵循了一些语用原则, 如Unit1中的一段对话如下:A:What’s your name?B:Alan.这段对话遵循了语用中的合作原则, 采用了省略句, 符合交际习惯和学生现有的认知水平。然而, 仔细地从语用角度分析每个话题的对话编写, 发现有些设计仍然存在一些漏洞, 有待完善。

会话的合作原则 (Cooperative Principle, 简称CP) 是重要的语用原则之一, 由美国哲学家Grice提出, 指在所有的语言交际活动中为了达到特定的目标, 说话人和听话人之间存在着一种默契, 一种双方都应遵守的原则。主要体现为四条准则:数量准则、质量准则、关系准则和方式准则。教材中的对话在答语方面都采用了完全句的形式, 尽管对初学者而言, 用完整的句子回答提问有利于加强语言形式的记忆, 然而过度的使用完全句便违反了合作原则中的“量”的准则, 即不能使自己所说的话比所要求的更详尽。应答的后部分重复问句中的话语明显地属于多余的信息。在强化学生语言公式化记忆的同时, 也不可忽视对其语用能力的培养。可在每段句后附以小括号, 提供省略句, 以便教师提醒学生在日常的口语交际中省略句回答更加简洁恰当, 符合语用原则。如:Unit2 (pp7) A:Is that your pencil?B:Yes, it is.It’s my pencil. (Yes.) Unit4 (pp19) A:Where’s the backpack?B:It’s under the table. (Under the table.) Unit7 (pp41) A:How much is the blue T-shirt?B:It’s 10dollars. (10 dollars.) Unit8 (pp47) A:When is your birthday, Vera?B:My birthday i s November 11th. (November 11th.) Unit12 (pp71) A:What’s your favorite subject?B:My favorite subjectis science. (Science.)

三、从相邻对分析对话设计

会话是至少有两个人参加的合作性的语言交际活动, 相邻对 (adjacent pair) 是局部会话的基本单位。其指两个谈话者各说依次话所构成的对子。相邻对的第一部分和第二部分常存在固定的搭配形式, 两部分在句法形式等方面存在着一致性。在日常的交际中存在着一些规约性的较完美的搭配。然而, 同样一个第一部分具有不止一种可能的第二部分, 仍符合交际的实际情况, 构成恰当的相邻对。这反映在教材中对话设计方面, 就是编写者应提供给学生关于相邻对的多种搭配, 以避免僵化学生的思想, 不分语境的滥用。当然, 鉴于初一学生的认知水平有限, 可以将其他搭配列入对话练习, 以作补充。

如预备篇中Unit 1 Dale和Cindy见面打招呼的对话即是最常见的相邻对。Dale:Hi, Cindy!How are you?Cindy:I’m fine, thanks.How are you?Dale:I’m ok.编写者可在页末的练习中适当地增加其他的相邻对, 以避免固化学生的思维, 以供实际交际具体交际之需。增加项如下:A:Hi, how are you?B:Fine, thanks.Ok.So-so.Not bad.All right.too bad.类似的对话练习如:Unit5 (pp27) A:Well, Let’s play volleyball.B:That sounds good. (Ok.All right.Why not?Great.) , Unit6 (pp31) A:Do you like bananas?B:Yes, I do. (Yes.Sure.Certainly.Yes, I like it very much.) , Unit7 (pp43) Mary:I’ll take it.Thank you.Clerk:You’re welcome. (Not at all.That’s all right.) , Unit10 (pp59) A:I want to join the art club.B:Can youpaint?A:Yes, I can. (Sure.Certainly.)

四、从语境角度分析对话设计

对话的设计离不开语境 (Context) , 任何用语言进行的交际离不开一定的客观条件和背景, 语言活动总是在特定的时间、空间、特定的情景、特定的人之间进行。Lyons以知识解释语境, 他认为除语言知识以外, 构成语境的知识还包括背景知识 (常识, 特定文化的社会规范和特定文化的会话规则) 、情景知识 (交际的时间地点, 交际的主题, 交际的正式程度和交际参与者的相互关系) 以及相互关系。教材中的对话设计源于生活, 以字面语言的形式记录在一定语境下发生的交际活动。因此, 教材编写者在设计对话时应该考虑学习者现有的总体语境知识, 如背景知识中的百科全书式的知识, 即常识等。此教材中的对话编排基本上考虑了学习者的背景知识和情景知识等方面, 无论话题的设计还是句型表达、词汇的选择都十分生动、鲜活, 易于学生理解和掌握。

但也有一些疏漏之处。例如, Unit6 (pp31-36) 的话题为Food。对话中出现的食物除一些常见的水果之外, 也有一些国外的食品, 如French fries、hamburgers、broccoli等。这对于开阔学习者的眼界, 了解国外的文化具有一定的积极影响。但是, 其中的部分国外食物对于一些学生, 甚至教师, 尤其是农村地区的学生而言, 根本不存在于他们的概念, 无法理解。因此, 书中可以结合中国具体的实际情况, 在练习中适当地添加一些中国特色的食品, 如油条、饺子等, 一方面便于学生的理解, 激发其学习的兴趣, 另一方面也可以学以致用, 符合国内现有条件下学习外语的实际情况。

此外, Unit10谈论的话题为joining a club, 对于大部分中学来说, 俱乐部、协会等学生的社团组织数量较少, 在广大的农村中学更是寥寥无几, 这在学生的常识中并不是十分清楚。虽然使用俱乐部这个话题能把can (表能力) 所引导的一般疑问句的表达授予学生, 但学生在实际交际中使用what club do you want to join?这个句型的情况较少, 而且谈论各种俱乐部的话题由于偏离当前的实际情况而不能很好的调动学生学习的积极性。这一话题可以改为sports meeting, 在学习者都熟悉的语境下设计对话更利于激发其学习和运用语言的积极性。

再者, Unit1～Unit12每个话题的设计应在语境上保持前后的一定的连贯性和可推导性, 符合学生的认知推理习惯, 以提高学习效果。从前面的表格中可以看出Unit1-Unit6每个话题的前后比较连贯, 首先从刚踏入一个新环境——新教室认识新朋友开始, 到熟悉教室的环境, 随后和朋友谈谈自己的家庭, 包括亲人和自己的房间, 进而放学后和新朋友玩游戏做体育锻炼, 玩耍累了则需要补充食物。这样的设计安排前后连贯, 循序渐进, 可以促进学生更好的习得语言。但是, U nit7～Unit12各个话题的设计前后关系松散, 缺乏递进性, 有些话题与前后话题的关联程度小, 比较突兀。所以, 其次序应该调整如下:在彼此询问生日日期后 (Unit8) , 向对方介绍庆祝生日的活动安排比如去购物 (Unit7) 或去看电影 (Unit9) 或者开生日宴会邀请朋友表演 (Unit6) 在欢乐后也该谈谈学习的情况了, 如到到校的时间 (Unit11) 和最喜爱的科目 (Unit12) 。按照这样的顺序编排各个对话更符合学生的认知习惯, 利于习得。

总之, 《新目标》 (学生用书七年级上册) 与以前不同版本的教科书相比, 在对话设计方面吸纳了一些语用原则, 考虑了培养学生语用能力的问题, 然而在某些具体的细节方面仍然存在一些疏漏之处。当然, 中学教材编写是一项复杂艰巨的工程, 除了要考虑各大原则之外, 学生的认知水平也不容忽视。于是问题便随之而生:如何衡量学生现有的认知水平, 保证语用输入的“适当度”?可否设计出一套测试体系, 为今后的教材编写提供参考可鉴之用呢?另外, 教材的编写往往基于城市学生的认识情况, 农村的学生因环境所限, 理解教材较为困难。那么, 可否在教材编排上吸纳一些农村素材, 一方面利于农村学生学习之便, 同时也便于城市学生开阔视野。当然, 恰当地保持材料来源和情景设计的平衡度仍需要探索。再者, 可否考虑专为农村的学生量身定做一套英语教材, 是否可行。以上的问题仍需要从事英语教育的人士不懈地思考和努力。

摘要：英语教材是重要的语言输入媒介。就教材编写而言, 尤其是在对话设计方面应该考虑一些重要的语用原则, 以培养学生的语用能力。本文从语用角度分析初一英语入门教材《新目标》中的对话设计, 指出其疏漏之处, 并提出一些建议和解决办法。

关键词：语用原则,教材,对话设计

参考文献

[1]何自然.语用学概论[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 1988.238.

[2]束定芳, 庄智象.现代外语教学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1996.38-39.

[3]新目标 (学生用书七年级上册) [M].北京:人民教育出版社.2005.

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) 篇3

1.frightening adj.

fright---n. the feeling of fear 惊吓；恐怖

with fright =with fear

I was shocked with fright/ fear.

frighten-vt. fill with fear 使吃惊；惊吓

frighten sb.

sb. be frightened by

at

to do

that

You frightened me.

The explosion frightened me.

The child was frightened by the big dog.

She was frightened by the height of the cliff.

He was frightened at the thought of his coming examination.

She was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.

The little girl was frightened that her mother wouldn’t come back.

作定语：

He has had a ___ (frightened, frightening) experience.

He threw me a quick ___ ( frightened, frightening )glance.

The ___ (frightened; frightening) horse ran away from the fire.

*frighten sb. into/ into doing 吓得某人做某事/不做某事

persuade sb. into doing

argue sb. into (out of ) doing

He frightened the old lady into/ out of signing the paper.

他吓唬老太太，让她在文件上签字/不签字。

*be frightened of= be afraid of

She was frightened of police.

2.hurricane-n.飓风

typhoon –n.台风

volcano –n。火山

earthquake-地震

tsunami-海啸

tornado –n.龙卷风

3.threat-n.1）威胁；威胁的话；

under threat of 在。。。的威胁下

I obeyed, but only under thread of death. 我仅仅是在死亡威胁下 屈服了。

make a threat 威胁

2）possible danger 可能的危险；凶兆（常用单）

The killer is a threat to everyone.

The flood was a thread to our homes.

3)征兆[c]

There is a threat of rain.

The clouds brought a threat of rain.

threaten –v. 威胁；有。。。的危险

threaten to do

sb。with 威胁着要。。。

She threatened to murder me.

I was threatened with punishment if I don’t obey. 如果我不服

的话，就用处罚威胁我。

The clouds threatened rain.云显得要下雨了。

4. on end –1)of time continuously(指时间)连续地

He sat there for hours on end.

He studied for days on end.

2)up right直立；竖起来

stand on end (使)竖起来

We had to stand the table on end to get it through the door.

When he heard the strange cry, his hair stood on end.

The sight of the dead man made his hair stand on end.

*come to an end

*come to … end

* in the end

*make ends meet

*put an end to

v. end in 以。。。告终；结果。。。

The plan ended in failure.

The match ended in a win for us.

The battle ended in a victory(in everyone going home.

end up 最后（有某种结局）；最后（成了）

If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital.

If you go on doing that kind of thing you’ll end up in prison.

end up with =close with 以。。。结束

We started with soup, and had fruit to end up with.

We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.

5.terrify-vt. 使害怕；使惊恐

Your views terrified me.

be terrified by

She was terrified by his appearance.

Terrified by the sight of lion, Bill climbed a tree.

be terrified of 害怕

The old lady was terrified of crossing such a busy road.

定语：The terrified girl ran home.

That must have been a terrifying experience for you.

6.bury-vt.埋葬put into the grave;掩藏hide away esp. in the ground

After the battle they buried the dead.

He buried his head ( face) in his hands.他用手捂住头（脸）。

7.at hand

1)在手边；在跟前

When he writes he always keeps a dictionary at hand.

I haven’t my book at hand, but I’ll show it to you later.

2)就要到来，不远了on the way; be upon sb.

around the corner (同just连用) 即将来临，在拐角处(Unit17SI)

The examinations are at hand/ on the way/ upon us..

Christmas is at hand./ upon us/ on the way

But changes were just around the corner.

by hand手工（做的）；送来的（不是寄来的）

My shoes were made by hand.

The note was delivered by hand.

from hand to hand 从一个人传到另一个人

give (lend) sb. a hand 帮一下忙

Could you lend me a hand with the parcel?

hand in hand

hands up

hands off不要碰；不要干预

on hand 手边（有。。）；手头（有事做）

I have no cash on hand to pay for the gas。

on the one hand…on the other一方面。。。另一方面

On the one hand I admired his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgment.

on the other hand (可是)另一方面

He is clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes.

8.flee/ fled/ fled –vi. vt.(正式)逃跑；逃走

=escape from

=get away from

The frightened people fled from the fire.

Over the years, thousands of citizens fled to the neighboring countries.

The enemy fled in disorder.敌人溃逃。

He fled the kidnappers and phoned the police.

They all fled ( from ) the burning ship.

9.urge –vt. 敦促；恳求；强烈要求 beg or strongly persuade

urge sb. to do sth.

that do

n.

They urged us to go with them.

My mother urged me not to tell you anything about it.

He urged that they go to Europe.

She urged that he write and accept the post.

They urged prison reform.

n.-强烈的愿望（要求）[c]

an urge to do

She felt an/ the urge to hit him. 她感到一股冲动想揍他。

He a sudden urge to go to Italy.

10.arrival –n.到达；到来[u]

upon arrival 后跟表动态的名词或动名词，表“ 在。。。时；当发生。。。时

Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel.

She was joyful upon seeing her child take his first steps.她看到孩子开始走路了，很开心。

They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.

On my arrival home, I was greeted by my parents.

as soon as one arrives

on arriving

链接：refusal/ survival

11.bath –n. an act of washing one’s whole body at one time

take/ have a bath

bathe/ bathed/ bathing vt. vi

He is bathing the baby.

12.immediately

at once

right away

instantly

without delay We must leave without delay.

in no time I’ll come back in no time.

In no time will I come back.

13.board –n.船舷；木板；边缘

on board 上船（火车；公共汽车；飞机等）in or on (a ship or public vehicle)

They got on board the train.他们上了火车。

She enjoys life on board ship.她在船上过得很愉快。

14.knock about接连的打击

knock about/ around 漫游（各地）

knock back狂饮，痛饮

knock sb./sth. down摧毁；拆除；推倒

Our house is being knocked down to make way for a new road.

knock off 1）停止做（某事，尤指工作）2）削价

knock out 使某人睡觉

knock into把。。。敲入；撞到某人身上

He walked in the dark and knocked into a man.

15.all of a sudden

all at once

suddenly

16.live through度过；经受住

He managed to live through two world wars.

live with 忍受；接受

I don’t enjoy the pain but I can live with it.

17.aloud-adv.

1)in a voice that may be heard出声；高声

The teacher asked him to read the poem aloud.

2)in a loud voice大声

The pain caused him to cry aloud.

loud-adv. in a loud way 大声地；喧闹地；响亮地

Try to sing louder.

adj. noisy; not quiet响亮的；高声的；吵闹的

loud music

a loud radio

loudly –adv.

18.swear –swore/ sworn

1) vi (at)use bad language咒骂；说脏话

Stop swearing in front of children.

2)vt. 发誓：cause to take an oath

I can tell you anything about it; I’ve been sworn to secrecy.

3)宣誓：promise formally or by an OATH

swear to do/ that

He swore to obey.

swear / take an oath 宣誓

Text:

1.frighten 使害怕

terrify

scare

alarm-We don’t wish to alarm the child.

make sb.’s hair stand使人惊吓得毛骨悚然

make one’s hair stand on end

panic-The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.

be afraid of / to do / that害怕

be frightened (to death) / of / to do / by / at / that

be scared (to death) / by / of / to do / that

be terrified by/ of / at

be fearful of / that

2….my mother drew my uncle’s attention to…我母亲让我叔叔注意

draw / attract (one’s) attention (to) (使某人)注意。。。

He drew attention to the rising unemployment rates.

I drew her attention to her dirty fingernails.

call ( one’s) attention (to) 引起某人注意某事

He called my attention to some new evidence.他促使我注意到某些新的证据。

Before I closed I must call your attention to a problem we have to face.

catch/ arrest one’s attention引起某人的注意

The bright light caught/ arrested the boy’s attention.明亮的灯光吸引了孩子的注意力。

pay attention to

He didn’t pay any close attention to the details.

devote attention to 关注；重视

Much attention has been devoted to the matter. 对于这个问题已经给予了足够的重视。

turn one’s attention to把注意力转向

His attention was turned to the pretty young girl.

focus/ center/ concentrate (one’s) attention on 把注意力集中在。。。

All his attention was focused on the stars.

bring sth. to one’s attention 使某人注意到谋事

I feel it my duty to bring to your attention the following facts.我感到要你注意下面这些事实是我的职责。

3.The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.。一看到这种情景，叔叔身上的科学精神被唤醒了，他要靠近火山去看个究竟。（拟人，sight唤醒 the scientist in my uncle常见

The study says there must be a complete overhaul of air traffic control system.研究表明必须对航空控制系统作全面，彻底的修正。

Dusk found him crying in the street.

4.way out (克服困难的)办法，出路

He was trying to think of a way out, but it was impossible to find one.它试图想出解决问题的办法，但不可能找到。

In fact, I’m sure that’s the only satisfactory way out. 我肯定那是唯一令人满意的办法。

5. at hand 在手边；在跟前

I haven’t the dictionary at hand, but I will show it to you later.

I want you to be at hand during my interview with the applicants.申请人面试时我希望你在跟前。

6.call for 要求；需要

The workers are calling for strike action.工人们要求罢工行动。

The work calls for endurance and patience.这工作需要耐力和耐心。

7.darker and more, the closer they went

The more… the more

The more you practice, the more perfect you will be. 你越练习就越熟练。

9.the other way 另一个方向；相反

He turned the other way when he saw the police coming.她看见警察后转向另一方向。

the other way around 相反地；从相反方向；用相反方式（Unit1SII）

Galileo’s observations show that Copernicus, another great astronomer, was right and that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.

He thought it would be easier to go there than to come back, but it was just the other way.他以为去时用的时间比来时短，其实正相反。

right 径直地；立即地

The ship went right to the bottom. 轮船直沉江底。

He turned on the TV right after he came into the room.

10. a rain of 量词，表burning rocks 的量之多

a shower of rock

11. It was daylight now in other parts of the world, but there the darkness was darker and thicker than any night.

注意：night前没有other.这是因为it 指daytime而不是night.如指night,就不能少other.

12.Helped by two slaves he stood up, and immediately fell down dead.

He returned home, full of fear.

Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.圣彼得堡的人民坚强，自豪，团结一致，他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。（当主语比较短时，常放句首）

Confident，selfless and honest, she is my good role model.她自信，无私，诚实，是我的楷模。

Capable and warm-hearted, she is always helping my grandma with the housework. 她能干而且热心，总是帮助我奶奶做家务。

He returned home, tired and hungry. (形容词说主语的状态，副词说谓语)

The old man went to bed slowly.

13. more A than B与其说 B，不如说 A

A rather than B与其说 B，不如说 A

Don’t be too hard on him. He is more misled than stupid. 不要对他太苛刻。与其说他傻倒不如说他是被误导了。

He is more an artist than a philosopher.

=He is an artist rather than a philosopher.

与其说他是位哲学家，不如说他是位艺术家。

It was what he meant rather than what he said.

14.You can pick out the important bits for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to write to a friend, another to write for the public.你可以从中挑选重要的片断。写信跟写历史是两码事，写信是给朋友的，而书是为公众的写的。

It is one thing to do…, another to do…

。。。是一回事，。。。又是另一回事

It is one thing for you to stay here, another for me to ask you to stay here. 你要留下是一回事，我请你留下是另外一回事。

15There is some dirt weather knocking about.坏天气马上就要来了。

knock about 漫游，闲逛，接连打击，（浪等）冲击，碰撞

He’s knocked about in Africa for years.他在非洲漫游了好几年。

As a young man he suffered a lot from poverty, He used to knock about at the market, trying to find a job for a few coins.年轻时他很穷，经常在市场里闲逛，找些零活挣些小钱。

16.come on 开始

I can feel a cold coming on.

The movie comes on at eight o’clock.

17.incredible 不相信

unbelievable

unreliable

18．The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls, and found this little ship in its path. 飓风威力无比，它能沉掉船只，推倒墙，飓风一路风驰电掣来到小船前。

with its power to sink…walls 是定语，修饰hurricane

see, find 等动词的主语有时是物：

This old house has seen better days. 这些老房子曾有过风光的日子。

National Day found people singing and dancing happily in a street

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) 篇4

1. genius n.1)天才 [u] 可加a

be a genius at sth. 做某事是天才

have a genius for (doing) sth.又(做)某事的天才

He had a wonderful genius for painting./mathematics.

2) 有天才的人 [c]

Shakespeare is a genius.

He is considered to be a genius at maths.

2. undertake (undertook, undertaken)

1)着手做；从事；承担(责任)作某事start on work ;

take up a position

undertake n. /pron.

to do

We could undertake the job for the time being.

He undertook the leadership of the team.

We cannot undertake to do that.

2)同意，答应（做谋事）

undertake to do

agree /promise to do

He undertook to finish the job by Friday.

He undertook to improve the working arrangements.

3)保证（跟从句）ensure

We cannot undertake that we shall finish it in time.

I can undertake that you will enjoy it.

3. obvious adj. 明显，显而易见easy to understand; clear

It is obvious that…

It was obvious that he was not going home.

It is obvious that he is lying.

obviously adv. 显而易见地can be easily seen

Obviously you didn’t read it.

4. curious adj. 好奇的，好求知的，爱打听隐私的

be curious about

to do

The boy was curious about everything he saw.

He was curious to know what was happening in the office.

curiously adv.好奇地，说也奇怪

Philip looked curiously at the people.

Obviously enough he had never seen the little girl.

5. debate n.辩论；争论 [c]

a long debate

vi. 1) debate about sth.

argue with sb.

quarrel

I debated (about) the question with Mary.

考虑，讨论（如何好）

debate whether to do

whether

I debate whether to accept the job.

We were debating where we should go.

I’m just debating whether to go or stay.

2)argue sb. into (out of ) doing说服某人做（不做）某事

He argued her into( out of ) going.

6. promising adj. 有希望的,有前途的

a promising leader

v.1)答应;许下诺言

promise sb. sth 接双宾语

to do

that

He promised his daughter a present for her birthday.

You must promised me to take a thorough rest.

I had promised Mary to attend the show.

You must promise me that you won’t do that again.

比较: He promised me to go.

He permitted me to go.

2)有希望…,可能会(有)

It promises to be fine tomorrow.

This promises to be an interesting evening.

The clouds promise rain.

The sky promised a storm.

come true

continue fine

turn out to be

stay/keep/remain

7. research n. v.探索,调查,研究

do research in/into 对 进行研究

make on 在…方面进行研究

carry out

he has done a good deal of research on that subject.

research into/on

He is researching into the reading problems of young school children .

to research into (on ) the effects of cigarette smoking.

8. disable vt.使丧失能力

disabled adj. 有残疾的

the disabled 有残疾的人

disability n. 残废people with disability

He was disabled in the accident.

An accident disabled him from playing football.

The disabled are to receive more money.

9. seek (sought, sought) vt.i.寻找，探求，追求（多用书面语）

seek opportunities/employment/advice

seek to do设法，企图，试图

I have never sought to hide my views.

We sought to change his mind.

search for/ look for/ hunt for

10. observe v.

1)注意到,观察

observe n./ pron.

sb./sth. doing

sb. / sth. do/ to be

that

They are observing stars.

They were observed entering the bank.

They didn’t observe Peter come in and go upstairs.

The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman’s desire for profits.

We observed that it had turned cloudy.

2）遵守

The doctors observe this rule.

3)庆祝，过（某种节日）=celebrate

Do they observe/celebrate Christmas in that country?

11. match v.

1)和…较量,让…和…比赛

He matched his brother against (with) the champion.

2)相配=go with

She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains.

These shoes do not match; one is large and the other is small.

相等，发现，（找到）相等物

链接：go with/suit/fit/agree with

12. patient adj. 耐心的

patiently adv. 耐心地

patience n. 耐心，忍耐力 [u]

1) be patient with sb. 对某人耐心

You are very patient with me.

Just be patient a while.

2)The girl waited patiently for his decision.

3) He had no patience with her.

He showed the greatest patience.

13. experiment n. v.

1)试验，实验[c]

carry out experiment in chemistry

perform

do

2)试验(总称)[u]尝试

Some people learn by experiment and others by experience.

Making a difference有所作为

WARMING UP

1. Albert Einstein (1879-1955), was born in Ulm Germany, German-born American physicist and won the Nobel Prize. Best known for his theories of relativity. He is perhaps the most well-known scientist of the 20th century.

2. Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish scientist, was born in Warsaw. She got married in 1895 with the French physicist, Pierre Curie. The Curies together with another scientist obtain the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. In 1911 she again got the Nobel Prize but for chemistry.

3. Thomas Alva Edison （1847-1931）was born in Ohio, a great American inventor. When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. No matter how hard it was, he never gave up. He would keep trying out different ideas until he invented what he wanted. When he invented an electric light. He tried over two thousand materials before discovering one that would work. He had 1093 inventions.

4. Alfred North Whitehead (怀特黑得1861-1947)，British mathematician, logician and philosopher best known for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy science and contributed to twentieth-century logic and metaphysics.

5. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was born in Pisa, Italy, famous astronomer and physicist. He is the first person to use a telescope to study the skies. At that time it had been taken foe granted that the earth was the center of the universe. His discoveries made sure that the earth goes round the sun.

Warming up

1.Nothing in life is to be feared…

a. be to do

1)安排好的将来

We are to hold sports meet next week.

2)必须must

You are to / must be back at six.

All these things are to be answered for.

b. be about to do最近的将来,不同时间状语连用

I’m about to leave.

不说I’m about to leave in ten minutes.

用于下列句型:

be about to do…when…

I was about to leave when the telephone rang.

In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ___. A. have survived A. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive

c. be going to

d. will

1)客观事实

Tomorrow will be Sunday.

2)没有准备的将来

---I forgot to post your letter.

---I’ll post it myself.

2. similar adj. like or alike, of the same kind类似,相似,差不多

be similar to …同…差不多

We have similar opinions; my opinions are similar to his.

His views are similar to mine.

alike adj. like one another m, the same(仅用作表语) adv.

The two brother are very much alike.

The two office buildings are alike in size and shape.

She treats all her children alike.

链接：be familiar to sb, / sth. 熟悉

be the same as 同…一样

be the same to sb.对…来讲一样

It’s all the same to me. 对我来说无所谓,什么都可以.

be different from与…不同,

be different in 在…方面不同

similarity n.

1) [u]类似性，相似性

How much similarity is there between the two brothers?

There is not much similarity between two brothers.

2)相似之处 [c]

There are other similarities.

3.What’s the English word for this object?

What’s the word for “travel” in French ? “travel”这个词法语怎么说？

4.doubt

1) v. be uncertain (about)怀疑，不相信

(同)question

I don’t doubt /question that he is telling the truth.

I doubt /question whether

if it is true.

that

I doubt that he will come.

疑问，否定用that

肯定用if/ whether / that

2) n. There is no doubt that …

There is some doubt whether…

There is no doubt that he is guilty.

There is some doubt whether he is guilty.

3)There is no doubt about/of

4)without doubt毫无疑问

in doubt不一定，不能肯定

The whole matter is still in doubt.

throw/cast doubt on使人对。。。产生怀疑

6. more than

1) more than one作主语时位于用单数

More than one was/ were killed in the accident.

2) one and a half + 复数名词 谓语用单数

One and a half dollars is / are the tip.

One and a half hours is / are enough.

3) more than = over超过（反）less than不到

He is more than/ over / less than fifteen.

4）more than不仅仅, 极其

Bamboo is used for more than building.

He is more than pleased.

5） no more than

a. only仅仅,只有

There are only /no more than five people in the bus.

b. 同…一样都不

He is no richer / taller than his brother.

6） not more than

a. at the most指多,最多

There are not more than ten people in the bus.

b.一方不如一方

He is not richer than his brother. 他没他哥富有.(他也富有)

7.Most of us would probably feel very sad…

would用法：

1)will的过去式,多用于二，三人称

I knew you would agree.

I thought you would be sleeping.

2）提出请求，建议或看法使语气更加委婉

Would you kindly send me his address? 劳驾把它的地址给我。（请求）

You’d like some tea, wouldn’t you?你喝点茶吧，好吗？（请求）

Would you please lend me your pencil? （请求）

When would be convenient for you to come?你什么时候来方便？（请求）

I’m sure he wouldn’t mind your going.我相信你去他不会在意。(看法)

Wouldn’t be better to leave tomorrow?明天去是不是更好?（建议）

They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。（看法）

3)在虚拟条件句中（主要用在主句中）

If I were you, I would go.

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.

4)表过去经常性动作

would

used to 过去常常，而现在不．（可同be连用）

He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.

I used to get up at six.

There used to be a river in the village.

5)表过去的一种倾向（现在用will）

The window wouldn’t open.

The wound wouldn’t heal. 伤口老不愈合．

6)表猜测(想必是…)

That would be his mother. 这大概是他妈.

I thought you have finished this by now.

8.would probably feel

1) possible只有可能性，不管大小

probable多指有较大的可能性

likely

a. It is possible (for sb.) to do

It is possible that (should) do

It is possible (for us) to study English well.

It is possible that we study English well.

b. It is probable that…

It is probable that it will rain today.

不能说: It is possible for him to come.

It’s possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn’t seem probable.有可能下雨，但眼下晴空万里不像是下雨的样子。

c. sb./ sth. be likely to do

It is likely that

He is likely to come.

It is likely that he will come.

It is likely that it will rain.

It is likely to rain.

2) a) perhaps & maybe都当“也许”，“可能”解。但maybe一般用于非正式文体，而且主要用于美国英语。在表示“尽可能快地”时，只能使用短语

as soon as maybe=as soon as possible

不能说as soon as perhaps

b) perhaps一般用于句首,不与形式主语连用,后面不接从句,通常只接sb. 或sth.

Perhaps they will help us after all.

Perhaps the letter will come today.

maybe可放句首, 或后接从句

Maybe we’ll see you tomorrow.

I think maybe they don’t want him, he’s so cross.

c) perhaps表示 “或许”, “可能” 是一种推测,相当于maybe, 固不能与may连用,以避免语义重复

Perhaps they will help us.

3) probably不能用在not后

possibly 和can, could连用，起强调作用

---Could you ___ take care of my dog while I’m away? ---Sure. Leave it to me, please. A. perhaps B. possibly C. maybe D. probably (B) (could, can, may, might连用)

9. give up vt.

1) give up sth. 放弃

doing sth. 不再做某事

She gave up her rights .

This maths problem is too difficult. I’ll give it up.

Then he remembered he had given up smoking.

2）give up on sb. 对…不抱希望

I gave up on you; you’ll never know anything about dictionaries.

3)give up sth. to… 交出.让给

We gave him up to the police.

连接: give in vi. 屈服, 让步

give in to

He never gave in to difficulty.

10.There did not seem much point in working on…

There be的一些特殊用法:

1)There be ( live, stand, fly, come, lie) 表存在

Once upon a time, there lived a man known by the name of Joe.

One night there flew over the city a little swallow.

There came a knock at the door.

2)*There seems to be…好像又,似乎有

There seems to be no trouble.

There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question.

*There used to be

There used to a cinema here before the war.

*There is sure to be 一定有

There is sure to be a place somewhere.

*There appears to be

There appear to be a war between his heart and his head.

*There have/has to be

Why do there have to be poor people like those?

3)There is no doing没法做某事

There is no knowing/telling…没法知道/说…

There was no knowing how long he might be away.

There was no arguing with Mary.

From now on, there was no looking back. 没发向后看

4)There is no need to do没必要

There is no need for you to worry.

5)There be在分词中的用法

There being nothing else to do, we went home.

There being no buses, we had to walked home.

6)There be再不定式中的用法

I expected there to be no argument about this.

It is impossible for there to be any more.

You wouldn’t want there to be another war.

7)There is no( a lot of ) sense/point/good/ use in doing sth.做某事没有道理(好处/用处)

There is no sense in worrying.

What’s the sense of doing that?

point:道理,作用,用处

There’s very little point in protesting.

There’s no point in arguing future.

11．that long

that用法：adv.那么，那样，这么

I wasn’t that clever.

同so…that …但省略 that

I was that angry I could have struck him .

He was that weak he could hardly stand.

how/so/too/that +a/an +单数可数名词

12. that much worse

修饰比较级的词有: rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定和疑问)，no, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times etc…

修饰最高级的有：序数词，by far,

13. engage

marry

engage

vt. vi.

1)雇用，聘请，租用

They engaged a cook for the summer.

He engaged / rented a room in the hotel.

2)吸引, 引起

The new toy engaged the child’s attention.

engaged adj.

1)(指人)忙的;从事…的; 有事

(be) engaged in n. / doing = be busy in doing/ with n.

Can you come on Monday? No, I’m engaged.

be engaged in politics/ trade从事政治/ 忙于做买卖

2)有事占用;(电话)占线,有人占用

My time is fully engaged with my daily work.

Sorry! The line/number is engaged.

Is this seat engaged/ taken?

3)订婚

be(get) engaged to sb.

John got engaged to her when traveling last winter.

He returned home to learn that his daughter had just got engaged.

marry vt.

1) marry sb.

2) be /get married ( to sb.)

Is he married?

He has been married to Jane for three years

3) marry sb. to sb.

He married his daughter to a doctor.

14.instead of 代替,而不(后接名,代,动名词,介词短语等)

in place of 代替in one’s place

rather than 而不是,与其…宁愿

instead adv.

take the place of

He gave me an English book instead of a Chinese book.

He walked home instead of taking a taxi.

I go to school by bike instead of on foot.

=I don’ t go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.

Use water in place of/ instead of milk.

Will you go in my place / instead of me?

He ran rather than walked / instead of running.

Rather than cause trouble, he left.

Plastics have taken the place of wood.

15.继续

1) go on with n.

doing

to do

keep on doing 反复做

2) continue to do

doing

n. He continued hi s walk.

with

He didn’t continue with his explanation.

To be continued.待续

*继续(处于某种状态) link-v.

The weather continued damp and wet.

He continued silent.

3) carry on doing She carried on talking.

n. They would carry on the struggle for freedom.

with 把…进行下去,继续干

Carry on with your work.

carry on with your plan.

16.stop… from doing

prevent…from

keep …from

hold back… from

17.be /become famous for/as

be well known for / as

be famed for

be noted for a town noted for its beauty

a noted performer

18.make a discovery= discover

make a promise = promise

make a decision = decide

make a suggestion = suggest

make preparations for = prepare for

make repairs = repair

make an answer /reply = answer/ reply

19. since I. prep. 自从…以来

1)接名词/动名词/介词短语（同完成时连用）

I haven’t been home since 1972.

She had been out only once since her illness.

Charles has worked hard since leaving school.

Since my coming to London I have not been well.

He had been there since before the war.

3) It is/has been +一段时间+ since + did

It was + 一段时间 + since + had done

It is / has been five years since I came here. 我来这五年了.（终止性动作表动作延续）

= I have been here for five years.

= I came here five years ago.

It is five years since I smoked. 我不吸烟五年了.（延续性动词表该动作结束 ）

I have smoked for five years. 我吸烟五年。

It was five years since we had such a wonderful time.

*since then

* since when

*ever since从那以后（一直）

I’ve always been on my guard since then.

Since when have you been living in this country?

John caught cold Saturday and has been in bed ever since.

20. please vt. 使高兴，

pleased adj. 高兴（人作主语）

pleasing adj. 使人高兴(物,人作主语)

pleasant adj. 使人高兴，愉快的，招人喜欢，可爱

pleasure n.

1)It is hard to please all.

Do it to please me.

2) be pleased to do

with

that

Helen was pleased to see him.

I’m very much pleased with what he has done.

I’m glad you’ve decided to come.

3)The flowers in the park were pleasing.

She was very pleasing in her appearance.

4) I hope you’ll have a pleasant holiday.

have a pleasant journey

The weather was pleasant.

I found him a very pleasant little man.

I have thought it would be a pleasant place to live.

5)*my/our/a pleasure是我（们）高兴做的事，甭客气

“Thank you to help me.” “My pleasure( It was a pleasure).

*with pleasure高兴地

I will help you with pleasure.

*(用在客气的答语中)没问题,可以

“Could you put me up to-night?” “ With pleasure.”

Will you take this along to the office for me?” “ With pleasure.”

(NMET)

1)---I’m very ___ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

---Mum, it does have a ___ smell. A. pleasant ; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant

2)---It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.

---___. A. My pleasure B. I’m glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It’s Ok

1) pleasant

a.使人高兴的，愉快的

have a pleasant journey

b.招人喜欢的，可爱，和蔼可亲

He is a pleasant young man.

I have thought it would be a pleasant place to live .

2)pleasing使人高兴

The flowers in the garden were pleasing.

3)pleased高兴

be pleased to do

be pleased with 喜欢，满意

be pleased that

4)pleasure n.

*at one’s pleasure

You may go or stay at your pleasure.

*have the pleasure of

=give sb. the pleasure of （客套语）有幸能

May I have the pleasure of dancing with you?

*my (our/a )pleasure

It’s a pleasure.

是我们高兴做的事，甭客气

*Take (a) pleasure in

*with pleasure 1)愉快地，高兴地

I shall do it with pleasure.

2)(客套语)没问题，可以

Will you pass me the newspaper, please? --- With pleasure.

1) 高兴得Her eyes shone with pleasure.

14.keep back留下，隐瞒

21.on the other hand用以引起与上文表达的意见不同的看法,同but & however的意思相同 ,可同on the one hand连用,也可单独使用. “另一方面”

on (the) one hand, on the other hand一方面…另一方面却又

1)On the one hand, I like the colors of the painting, but on the other hand, I don’t like the background of it.一方面,我喜欢这幅画的颜色,另一方面,我不喜欢画的背景.

2)It is not a very nice flat. On the other hand, it’s cheap.这套房子不大好,可是它便宜.

4) Rafting can be exciting, but on the other hand, it can be dangerous sometimes.乘筏漂流令人激动,但另一方面它有时也是危险的.

22.turn out

1）关掉（电灯或煤气）

He turned out the light and followed his wife upstairs.

2) (to be) 结果是,证明是prove to be

It was cloudy this morning, but it turned out fine.

As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.

The examination turned out to be easy.

It turns out that he was never there.

It turns out that this method doesn’t work well.

3)制造,生产,造就

This factory turns out bicycles.

23.find it difficult to understand him…

形式宾语:

1)find + it + adj./ n. + to do/ doing / that

常见的动词有：find/feel/ think/consider/make/take

a. I felt it my duty to report it to the leader.

At first I found it difficult to go on.

All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.这样吵杂使我无法继续工作.

b. They felt it a waste of time arguing about it.

Do you consider it any good sending more people over?

你觉得再多派一些人去有好处吗?

c. They found it strange that no one would take the money.

I think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting.

I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.

2) sth.+ be easy/difficult/hard/fit/comfortable +to do

The book is easy to understand.

I bought a book yesterday. I found it easy to understand.

= I found the book easy to understand.

比较: I found it easy to understand the book.

3)在like/love/hate/ appreciate + it +when…结构中,没有宾补不像句型1)

(98) I hate ___ when people talk with their mouth full. A. it B. that C. these D. them

(04) I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. are

I love it when you sing.

24.take measures to do sth.

What measures were taken to prevent fires?

take actions to do

25.I.ruin vt

1)弄坏,毁掉,毁坏,破坏

The storm ruined crops.

The fire ruined the house.

The bad weather ruined our holiday.

ruin one’s health

an ancient ruined city

She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.

2)使倾家荡产

I’m only ruin you. I can’t give you happiness.

n.1)(be ) in ruins 是一片废墟,落空

The house across the street were in ruins.

The town is in ruins.

2)fall into ruin 已成废墟

The house fell into ruin.

II. damage

1) n. harm, loss损害,损失

The storm caused great damage.

The new law has done a lot of damage to the government’s popularity.这条新法律给政府的声望带来很大损失.

cause / do damage to

2)damage vt.损坏

Mind you don’t damage it.

Many of the books were damaged by fire.

III. destroy vt.摧毁，毁掉，消灭

The enney destroyed the city.

The forest was destroyed by fire.

IV. harm

n.1) 损坏(同damage), 伤害（可指人）

He means no harm.他本无恶意.

do harm to

It wouldn’t do him any harm to work a little harder.他工作再努力一些对他没有害处

vt. hurt, spoil, damage伤害,损害,危害

Smoking will harm you.

be harmful to

26．mean v.

1)意思，意味

What does this word mean?

What do you mean by this word? 这个词是什么意思？

What is meant by this word?

What’s the meaning of this word?

2) mean to do 打算做某事

mean doing 意味着

I don’t mean to hurt you.

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

3) had meant to do=mean to have done本打算

I had meant to come earlier.

had meant to do

had wanted to do

had thought to do

The cause of the fire was a cigarette-end. had expected to do

had hoped to do

had intended to do

4) mean a lot to sb. 对…很重要

a great deal

much

mean everything to sb. …是某人的一切

My garden means a great deal to me.

My dog means everything to me.

27. cause v.引起,造成,使发生

1)What ( cause d / made ) you change your mind?

2) make sb. mad

cause X

drive

send

3)cause sb./sth.

cause sth. to sb.

I’m not causing you any real trouble.

4)cause n.1).起因，原因，缘故，理由，根源[c]

着重是指产生某种结果的原因：the cause of

The cause of the fire was dry. 起火的原因是干燥。

The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving two fast.事故的原因是他开车太快了.

5）reason意思是理由，原因，缘故着重指产生某种行为或想法的理由：

the reason for /why

Give your reason for the plan.把你计划的理由讲一下.

The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.

The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.

理由=reason

There is no cause/reason for alarm.

You have no cause for complaint.

28.satisfy1)使感到满意vt.

the answer won’t satisfy her.

be satisfied with …

I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.

2)满足：satisfy one’s needs/demand/curiosity

adj. satisfying 使人满意a satisfying meal

29．what if= what will happen if要是…怎么办？假使…怎么办?

What if he doesn’t come? (用一般现在时)

30.be described as

31. believe相信,认为

1) believe (that)

I believe you’ll regret leaving London.

She believe what I said.

2) believe sb. / sth.

You can ask Mr Smith if you believe me.

Mother could hardly believe her eyes.

3) believe sb./ sth. to be/ to have done

I believe him to be innocent.

I believe him to have done it.

I believe it to have been a mistake.

They are believed to have discussed this problem.

4) “Will everything be finished tomorrow?” “Yes, I believe so.(No, I believe not.)

5) What do you believe he is?

What do you believe is he? X

Do you believe what he is? X

Do you know what he is?

Do you know what is he? X

What do you know he is? X

6) believe in信仰,相信

Christians believe in Jesus.

I don’t believe in the theory.

You can’t believe in him.

7) believe in doing主张,认为…是好的

I’ve always believe in being broad-minded.

He believed in the child being taught on the translation method.

32. the other way around

33.only by …

34. have something in common

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) 篇5

Warming up

1. make a difference 有影响，起重要的作用

2. have/ hold a debate 举行辩论

3. be known for… 因…而闻名

●be famous as…作为…而闻名 be famous to…为…所知

Listening & Speaking

4. be on fire for… 对…充满激情/ 有热情

5. be similar to… 某物与另一物相似 ** be similar in… 在某方面相似

●be familiar with… 为某人熟悉…

6.. There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问的是…

Reading

7. a promising graduate student 一位很有发展前途的研究生

● promise sb. sth. = promise to give sb. sth. 承诺某人某事

● promise (sb.) to do sth. 答应（某人）去…

● promise (sb.) + 从句 答应（某人）…

8. more than = over 超过 ** more than 不仅仅是 / 非常 = very

9. There’s no point in doing sth. 做某事已经毫无意义了

10. go by （时间）流逝 / 走过，经过

11. get/ be engaged to… 与…订婚

● be engaged in doing sth.= engage sb. in doing sth. 忙于…；从事于…

12. give up 放弃 ** give in 屈服 ** give away 捐赠

13. go on with sth. 继续做某事

● go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事情 ** go on to do sth.继续做另一件事情

14. dream of /about + （名词、代词或动名词 ） 向往…，渴望…

15. stop sb. (from) doing sth.

= prevent sb. (from) doing sth.= keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

16. in the early 1970s 在二十世纪七十年代初

17. seek answers to questions 寻求问题的答案

●seek sth. from sb. 从某人那儿寻求某物

18 according to… 根据…

19. turn out 结果（是），证明（是）

● turn out = turn off 关灯

20. the way in which/ that / … 做… 的方式

● in this way 用这种方法 ** by the way 顺便说一句 ** in the way 挡道

● No way 没门

21. in fact 实际上

22. be happy with sth. 对…感到开心、满意

23. search for = seek 找寻，搜寻

Integrating skills

24. be satisfied with… 对…满意 ** be satisfied of… 相信…

25. take a closer look at… 更仔细地看…

26. Knowledge is power 知识就是力量

27. all the time 一直

28. believe in sb. 信任某人 ** believe in sth. 信仰/信奉…

29. the other way around 而恰恰相反， 转向相反方向

30. be allowed to … 被允许去…

● allow sb. to do …允许某人去… ** allow doing … 允许去…

佳句必背

1. （Warming up/Page1）You can’t teach a man everything; you can only help him find it

within himself. 翻译：你不可能教会一个人一切，你只能帮助他自己去发现

2. (Reading/ Page3) There did not seem much point in working on my PhD

翻译：取得博士学位似乎没有什么意义了。

3. (Reading/ Page3) Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse.

翻译：可是，两年过去了，我的病情并没有那么恶化。

4. (Reading/ Page3) Instead of giving up, Hawking went on with his research , got his PhD and married Jane.

翻译：没有放弃，霍金继续他的研究，取得了博士学位并和Jane 结了婚。

5. (Reading/ Page3) Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 翻译：他没有让病痛妨碍自己过梦寐以求的那种生活。

6. (Integrating skills/ Page7) They are never satisfied with a simple answer and are always looking for new questions.

翻译：他们从不满足于简单的答案，始终在寻求新的问题。

7. (Integrating skills/ Page7) We must believe in what we do, even when others do not.

翻译：我们必须对自己做的事情有信心，哪怕别人不相信也罢。

8. (Integrating skills/ Page7) Perhaps the most important thing if we want to make a difference is to find something that we like to do and we are good at.

unit5 whole unit(人教版高二英语上册教案教学设计) 篇6

1 新课标解读

1.1 课程性质

义务教育阶段的英语课程的性质界定为“具有工具性和人文性双重性质”。就工具性而言, 英语课程承担着培养学生基本英语素养和发展学生思维能力的任务, 即学生通过英语课程掌握基本的英语语言知识, 发展基本的英语听、说、读、写技能, 形成用英语与他人交流的能力, 进一步促进思维能力的发展, 为今后继续学习英语和用英语学习其他相关科学文化知识奠定基础。就人文性而言, 英语课程承担着提高学生综合人文素养的任务, 即学生通过英语课程学生能够开阔视野, 丰富生活经历, 形成跨文化意识, 增强爱国主义精神, 发展创新能力, 形成良好的品格和正确的人生观和价值观, 为终身发展奠定基础。

1.2 课程基本理念

1) 注重素质教育, 充分体现语言学习对学生发展的价值;

2) 面向全体学生, 充分考虑语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异;

3) 整体设计目标, 体现语言学习的渐进性和持续性;

4) 强调学习过程, 体现语言学习的实践性和应用性;

5) 优化评价方式, 着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力;

6) 丰富课程资源, 拓展英语学习渠道。

1.3 课程目标

义务教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语言运用能力, 促进心智发展, 提高综合人文素养。而综合语言运用能力的形成是建立在学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等方面整体发展的基础上 (详见表1) 。语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础;文化意识有利于正确的理解语言和得体地使用语言;有效的学习策略有利于提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力;积极的情感态度有利于促进主动学习和持续发展。这五个方面相辅相成, 共同促进学生综合语言运用能力的形成和发展。

1.4 分级标准

义务教育阶段英语课程各个级别的的目标是指学生在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识五个方面应达到的综合行为表现。鉴于本文我们主要分析的是七年级的教材, 那么根据表2可以看出, 七年级的英语学习要达到三级, 而且在这个级别的有这样一些要求。首先, 在七年级英语课程学习完之后, 能对英语学习表现出积极性和初步的自信心;其次, 能听懂有关熟悉话题的语段和简短的故事。能与教师或同学就熟悉的话题 (如学校、家庭生活) 交换信息, 能听懂小故事及其他文体的简单书面材料;能用短语或句子描述系列图片, 编写简单的故事;能根据提示简要描述一件事情, 参与简单的角色等活动。最后;能尝试使用适当的学习方法, 克服学习中遇到的困难;能意识到语言交际中存在的文化差异。

2 教材分析

2.1 教材理念层面的分析

新目标英语以任务型语言教学为编写理念, 采取把语言应用的基本理念转化为具有实践意义的课堂教学方式, 以学生为学习活动的主体, 以任务为中心, 在运用语言完成各种任务的过程中来学习、体会、掌握语言。编写的思路是以话题为主线, 采用任务型语言教学模式, 兼顾交际功能和语言知识结构的学习, 以一种循序渐进的生活化的学习程序, 引导学生学会运用英语有目的地做事情。

我们用课标的理念来分析, 有以下四点。第一, 从目的来看, 主要是运用语言完成各种任务的过程中来学习、体会、掌握语言, 引导学生学会运用英语有目的地做事情。这一点充分体现注重素质教育, 体现语言学习对学生发展的价值, 另外强调学习过程, 重视语言学习的实践性和应用性;第二, 从编写思路看, 以一种循序渐进的生活化的学习程序, 这种思路充分把握英语学习的渐进性和持续性的特点, 为目标的整体设计提供一种标准;第三, 从主要的课堂教学方式来看, 以学生为学习活动的主体, 以任务为中心, 开展具有实践意义的课堂教学方式, 充分体现课标中关注语言学习者的不同特点和个性差异, 使得英语课堂成为学生在教师的指导下构建知识、发展技能、拓宽视野、活跃思维、发展个性的过程成为可能。第四, 从评价来看, 此理念中没有明显提到, 我们知道, 课标要求要优化评价方式, 着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力, 而且提出评价体系包括形成性评价和终结性评价。尽管说评价是老师与学生之间进行的, 和教材没有直接的联系, 但是仍然需要提供一些这方面的指导, 不仅有利于新手老师的进行合理的教学评价, 也有利于学生对自己形成一个正确的评价, 从而树立起对英语学习的自信, 进一步积极地学习英语。

2.2 教材特点的分析

这部分我们从课程目标五个维度, 进一步对教材的特点进行剖析, 以此为我们的教学提供一些借鉴和思考。

第一, 采用“话题、功能、结构、任务”相结合的编写思路。以“话题”统领每个单元的教学内容, 语法结构为表述话题内容和实现内容相关的交际功能服务。为此, 教材采用不同层次的“任务”的形式来组织教学活动, 让学生通过“用语言做事情”来学习和使用英语。这一点恰恰体现课程目标在语言知识方面的要求, 即语音、词汇、语法 (结构) 、功能、话题。

第二, 单元教学结构层次分明、循序渐进。每个单元主要分为Section A和Section B两部分。Section A是基本的教学内容, 着重于听说练习, 兼顾语法学习;Section B在Section A的基础上将话题进一步拓展, 除听说外着重训练学生的阅读和写作技能, 帮助学生灵活运用所学语言进行口、笔头输出。主要是以“先听说、后读写、再评价”的结构来安排的。这一点体现课标要求的发展学生听、说、读、写四个方面的语言技能。这一点也符合三级课程目标对语言技能方面的要求, 这样循序渐进的学习有利于学生掌握知识, 建立学习英语的信心。

第三, 重视学习策略指导, 培养学生自主探究和合作学习的能力, 在各项技能训练和语言知识训练中都渗透了学习策略的培养。我们都知道, 认知策略是指学生为了完成具体学习任务而采取的步骤和方法, 那么在本教材中, 一些活动的安排正体现这一点, 如听前、读前的预测, 听中、读中的推理和判断、词汇猜测等。其次, 调控策略是指学生对学习加以计划、实施、反思、评价和调整的行动和步骤, 这一点体现在, 教材优化了的Self Check部分的活动, 除了提供单元学习成果检测活动外, 更侧重引导学生归纳所学知识, 发展学生的自主学习能力。最后, 交际策略是学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以及提高交际效果而采取的行动, 教材中设计了很多结对活动和小组活动, 不仅让学生有更多机会操练新语言, 还为学生提供了合作学习的平台, 让学生使用所学语言交流信息、分享学习成果或共同解决某个问题, 并在此过程中互相帮助, 共同进步。

第四, 重视文化的渗透, 开阔学生文化视野, 提高学生人文素养。教材既介绍了英语国家的文化, 又介绍了我国民族文化, 同时还介绍了其他非英语国家的文化, 让学生通过英语学习扩大视野, 了解世界文化的多元性, 对世界文化形成开放、包容的心态, 并培养跨文化交际能力。同时, 教材力图增强学生对本民族文化的了解和热爱, 培养学生用英语介绍我国文化的能力。此外, 教材也体现了素质教育思想, 特别是思想品德教育, 注重对学生品格的培养, 这在每一单元学生所围绕的话题情境就可以看出, 并不是简单的会说会听几句英语, 而是要明白要表达的目的, 这样不仅合理的运用语言, 而且在这个交流的过程, 互相传递着彼此的思想。

2.3 对预备篇第一单元的具体分析

本单元将字母学习和功能学习相结合, 第一页和第三页循序渐进地呈现了问候的表达法, 并主要通过听、说活动让学生巩固、运用, 还介绍了8个常见的英文名字。第二页和第四页侧重于字母教学, 要求学生能认读字母A至H的大小写, 掌握它们的先后顺序以及书写规范, 并结合本单元字母和单词, 了解元音字母A和E的常见发音。最后教材为学生提供了一个融入本单元功能结构的歌谣, 帮助学生巩固本单元的目标语言。

1a-1c部分的作用是热身教学。活动1a通过图文导入整个单元的语境、话题, 并呈现表示问候的语言功能, 以及8个常见的英文名字。活动1b通过听力输入的方式呈现问候的表达法Hi./Hello./Good morning.活动1c让学生模仿录音, 进行控制性的口语输出。2a-2e部分的作用是字母教学。本单元让学生在熟悉8个英文名字的基础上, 学习8个名字的首字母A至H。其中2a-2b关注的是字母的发音和顺序, 2c-2d关注的是字母的写法, 以及大小写的匹配。活动2e呈现了字母A至H构成的首字母缩略词, 要求学生了解这些字母在生活中的含义, 激发学生学好字母的兴趣, 同时让他们认识到字母在生活中的重要性。3a-3d部分的作用是拓展第一页的功能结构。本部分通过图文及听力的形式导入新增的语境和问候表达法, 即下午、晚上等其他时段使用的问候语及应答方法:Good afternoon!Good evening! (活动3a-3b) A:How are you?B:I’m fine, thanks./I’m OK. (活动3c-3d) 通过3a、3c的听力练习和3b、3d的对话练习, 让学生综合运用本部分的核心句型和重点词汇, 进行互致问候的语言交流活动。4a-4d部分的作用是复习字母以及语音教学。活动4a让学生为学过的8个名字排序, 从而复习字母A至H的顺序以及8个英文名字的拼写。活动4b让学生通过熟悉的字母和单词解决新问题, 学会根据刚刚总结的字母A至H的发音规律, 试着读出第二栏生词。本部分要求学生先感知单词的发音, 再去总结, 然后运用自己发现的规律。活动4d通过听唱活动来梳理和总结本单元所学重点句型和功能。

本单元的重难点在于熟练运用问候他人的多种表达法, 包括Hi./Hello./Good morning./Good afternoon!/Good evening!/A:How are you?B:I’m fine, thanks.本单元还介绍了8个常见的英文名字, 学生需要区分男名和女名。在后面的学习中, 学生还会接触到更多的英文名字, 虽然教材不要求学生记忆这些名字, 学生需要熟悉它们, 以免它们成为学习的障碍。此外, 本单元在学习8个英文名字的基础上, 总结了元音字母A和E的发音。掌握元音字母的基本发音是后面英语学习的基础, 在随后两个预备篇单元中, 教材还将继续总结其他几个元音字母的发音。

3 总结

通过以课标为基准, 对人教版七年级英语上册教材的分析, 我们看出, 此教材在依据中学生的心理特点、认知水平和兴趣爱好的基础上, 其理念和主要特点基本与课标的理念和要求相符, 但是在评价方面本文认为还需要再做一点改进, 尽管每个单元的Self Check部分编写了检测活动, 以此来让学生在教师的指导下独立或合作完成对单元语言知识和语言运用能力的自我评价。但是本文认为, 最好在每个单元的听力和阅读方面的活动里提供一些可以参考的评价小建议。具体应该是什么还需要再以后的实践中继续探讨, 但首先要体现评价的多元化和全方位, 避免说空话, 要提实实在在的有助于学生学习, 教师教学的建议。

摘要：该文通过对初中英语新课标中课程的性质、理念、目标、分级标准进行研读, 从而对人教版七年级英语上册教材从理念和特点进行了分析, 其理念和主要特点基本充分反应了课标的理念和要求, 在评价方面认为还需要再做一点改进, 这也为以后的研究指明了方向。

关键词：新课标,教材,理念,目标

参考文献

[1]刘道义, 郑旺全.义务教育教科书英语七年级上册[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 2012.

[2]中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育英语课程标准[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2012.