曹丰英语演讲稿及翻译

曹丰英语演讲稿及翻译（精选3篇）

曹丰英语演讲稿及翻译 篇1

清华大学曹丰21世纪英语演讲比赛演讲稿 Our future: a battle between dreams and reality

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen: When I was in the primary school, I have a dream.I want to invent a device which could bring you from one place to another in no time at all.When I was in the secondary school, my dream was to study in my ideal university.And when eventually I got into the university, my dream was to graduate.How pathetic!When we grow up, we dream less and become more realistic.Why? Why do we have to change our dreams, so ,so in order to let it be “fulfilled”？ Why do we have to surrender to the so –called “reality”? What is the reality actually?

Ladies and gentlemen, the reality is not real.It is a barrier keeping us from all the possible fantasies.Flying, for example, had been a dream to mankind for thousands of

years.A hundred years ago, “man could not fly” was still regarded as the “reality”.Now if that was really the reality, what did the Wright brothers do? How did some of you get to Macao? Only when we believe that the reality

is not real can we soar with our dreams.People say that our future is a battle between the reality and our dreams.And if, unfortunately, Mr.Reality wins this war, then I see no future of mankind at all.AIDS will never be curable as this is the reality;people living in the undeveloped countries will suffer form starvation forever as this is the reality;disputes among different countries would never be settled as this misunderstandings and intolerance is the reality.Ladies and gentlemen, how many of you

have a dream of being able to make a lot of money? Please raise your hands.Oh, quite a number of you!Actually, ladies and gentlemen, this is not a dream, but a task.Every one of us

has to make a living, right? Anyway I hope your task will be accomplishes.How many of you think that you have already fulfilled your dream and that you don’t dream anymore? Dear adjudicators, what do you think?

C.S.Lewis once said, “You are never too old to dream a new dream.” So for our future, please and be unrealistic.Now that I am a university student my goal is to graduate with excellences.But at the same time, I have a dream deeply rooted in our future.One day, people living in the areas now sweltering with the horror of wars will be able to sit with their families and enjoy their every moment.One day, people from the rich countries are willing to share what they have with those from the poor countries.And those from the poor countries will eventually be able to make their own happy living themselves.One day, different cultures in this age of coexist with tolerance and the unfriendly confrontations

among them will be eliminated.One day, the globe will share the dream with me.And we will all contribute to making our dream come true.One day, our dream will defeat the reality!Thank you very much.

曹丰英语演讲稿及翻译 篇2

1.1 Stylistic features

Stylistic features can be divided in different ways.In English Stylistics, stylistic features are classified into three levels.The first level comprises phonological and graphological features.The second level has two components—grammar and lexis.The third level is the level of semantics.Similarly, the book Patterns in Language:Stylistics for Students of Language and Literature categorizes stylistic features into five groups:phonology, graphology, syntax, lexis and grammar.

1.2 Translation principles

In China, the first comprehensive principle of translation was Yan Fu’s“three-character guide”, namely, the principle of“信、达、雅”.It“has been generally regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after”.

In English, the prominent principles of translation are Alexander Fraser Tytler’s three principles of translation and Eugene Nida’s dynamic equivalence.In Tytler’s view, the three principles are“a translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;the style and manner of writing in a translation should be of the same character with that of the original;a translation should have all the ease of the original composition”.

2 Stylistic Features of English Political Speeches

A detailed study of EPS will be carried out mainly concerning three categories of language features:lexis, syntax and rhetoric.The deliberate omission of phonological features is due to the reason that this paper concentrates on the political texts themselves.The four selected political speeches are UK Prime Minister Blair’s Victory Speech for the Third Time (A) , Barack Obama’s speech Change Has Come to America (B) , President Bush’s Farewell Address to the Nation (C) , and new UK Prime Minister David Cameron’s Victory Speech (D) .

2.1 Lexical features

The lexical items of public speech are much more complicated than those of daily communication, especially in the following aspects:short or long, verbal or nominal, abstract or concrete.Those nominal or abstract words provide speeches with formality and seriousness, so that the speakers’credibility and dignity is increased.

2.1.1 Abstract nouns

Abstract nouns refer to abstract objects, that is, ideas or concepts.There are many such nouns in political speeches, because it is abstract concepts, qualities or attributes that speeches try to publicize or explain.So abstraction is needed in keeping with the solemnity of a speech.In addition, abstract nouns add to political speeches profundity and formality.

ances.

2.1.2 Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns are another noticeable feature.The most extensively used one is first person, both singular form and plural form.It is natural for the speaker to use“I”or“me”, because of himself and his ideas mentioned from time to time during the speech.And the first person in plural form has more magic power.“We”involves listeners in the speech and therefore renders the audiences feel closer to the addresser, which is easier for the addresser to win more support.

2.2 Syntactic features

2.2.1 Sentence structures

Casual speeches tend to use short sentences.But a glance at the four samples reveals that those sentences vary much in length.Take Tony Blair’s Speech as an example.The longest sentence has107 words while the shortest has only 4 words.“Such sharp variation in length reflects the emotional state of mind of the speakers and their effort to evoke an active response from the audience”.The average length is 31 words per sentence in Blair’s speech, which is obviously longer than that (about 8 words per sentence) of casual conversation.

2.3 Rhetorical features

Concerning semantic devices, metaphor and simile are most used in EPS.A metaphor, “like a simile, makes a comparison between two different elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated”.For example,

(1) …share some thoughts on the journey that we have traveled together. (C)

The use of parallelism is the most prominent of the rhetorical devices in speeches.In parallel construction it is necessary to balance word with word, phrase with phrase, clause with clause, sentence with sentence.The parallelism makes the speeches clear, consistent and compelling.The quoted speeches are shining examples of this device.

(2) And I’ve listened and I’ve learned, and I think I have a very clear idea what… (A)

Antithesis is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis.Speakers employ antithesis to crystallize their key ideas.The example below illustrates the point that this rhetorical device lends extra impact and the force of the emphasis to the political speeches.

(3) It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. (B)

3 Translation Strategies According to the Stylistic Features

According to Nida, “translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style”.Therefore, the primary task in the translating process is to understand the source language and then select appropriate words to convey the source language.This paper analyses Chinese versions of the given examples and provides some revised versions.

3.1 Translation of abstract nouns

3.1.1 Conversion of nouns

Nouns derived from verbs can be translated into verbs.In English there is a tendency of verbal nominalization.In the process of translation, the conversion of English nouns into Chinese verbs is a matter of common occurrence.Look at the following examples.

(4) …where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, (B) A:

译文A:倘若有人嘲讽、怀疑、说我们不能,

译文B:当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑, 当有人说我们办不到的时候,

In the clause of the example, “cynicism”, “doubt”and“those…”share the same subject, “we”.But there are two differentsubjects, “我们”and“有人”, in Version B.With the change ofsubjects, the vigor is weakened.Then we try to keep the originalsubject so that the clause will be“当我们遭到嘲讽和怀疑, 当我们遇到说我们办不到的人”.In view of the inappropriate words inVersion A, the author suggests her translation as follows:“倘若有人嘲讽、怀疑、说我们办不到”.

Besides the conversion into verbs, nouns can be changed intoadjectives.In general, nouns that can be converted to adjectiveshave the corresponding adjectives.And often the nouns are after thepreposition“of”like“a period of consequence”in the samples.While translating, we should change the nouns into adjectives tomake the Chinese sentences smooth.

The first decade of this new century has been a period of consequence. (C) A:21

译文A:21世纪的前十年是一个并不寻常的时期。

译文B:新世纪的第一个十年是重要的十年。

The noun“consequence”has three meanings in the diction-ary.A close examination of the sentence may get that the wordmeans“importance”here.Apparently, it is impracticable to keepthe part of speech of“consequence”unchanged.The requirementof smoothness and expressiveness entails the conversion of“conse-quence”into an adjective.In the two versions, “并不寻常的”and“重要的”both convey the original meaning to the readers.But“关键的”is the most widely used in Chinese political speeches.In theauthor’s opinion, the sentence should be“新世纪的前十年是相当关键的时期”.

3.1.2 Conversion of sentence structure

The structure of the sentences should be rearranged when they begin with abstract nouns.From the four samples, it is noticeable that abstract nouns play as the subject of sentences, which seems unacceptable to Chinese people because they are accustomed to taking living things as the center and considering that the subject of a sentence must be human beings or other organisms.Therefore, when abstract nouns are the subject of sentences, the sentence patterns should be changed to make the Chinese expressions center around living things.In the samples, we have the following exam- (6

(6) This is the belief that gave birth to our Nation. (C)

译文A:美国, 正是基于这样的信念诞生的。

译文B:我们的国家正是诞生于这样的信仰之中。

“lief gave birth to our Nation”.Keeping the original structure, theChinese sentence will be“这样的信念养育了我们国家”, whichis inferior to the translation of the converted structure.In Chinesepolitical speeches, “中国”and“我国”enjoys a high appearance, so it is better to translate“our Nation”into“美国”than“我们的国家”.Furthermore, here“belief”does not mean“religious belief”but“an idea”, so it should be translated into“信念”like VersionA.In all, Version A is better than Version B.

3.2 Translation of personal pronouns

EPS are often given to the public so that personal pronouns are made the most of to shorten the distance between the speaker and the audience.Hence in translating personal pronouns, translators should take the magic power of personal pronouns into consider-ation.

And I thank you for the countless acts of courage, generosity, and grace. (C)

译文:我感谢你们给予我的信任、勇气、宽容。

In the literal sense, “你们”keeps loyalty to the original, but it fails to meet the requirement of the context.Translating“you”into“大家”would be better.In Chinese“大家”can be the replacement of the second person in plural form.In comparison, as“你们”extends the distance, “大家”creates an intimate relationship between the speaker and the audience

3.3 Translation of long and complex sentences

3.3.1 Sequential translation

Sequential translation is applicable to many sentences in EPS, because the adverbials are often placed in the front of sentences, which is consistent with Chinese habitual expression.So basically, these sentences can be translated in the original order.But for thecoherence, it is a necessity to add or omit some words.For example,

(8) When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. (B) A:

译文A:二战时期炸弹袭击我们的海港, 独裁专制威胁全球, 安妮见证了一代美国人的英雄本色, 他们捍卫了民主。

译文B:当炸弹袭击了我们的海港, 独裁专制威胁到全世界, 她见证了美国一代人的伟大崛起, 见证了一个民主国家被拯救。

The word order in the English sentence is identical with that in Chinese, thus the sentence is translated into Chinese by means of sequential translation like the two versions.Most words are same in the two versions except the translation of“a democracy”.As a countable noun, here“a democracy”refers to“a country which has this system of government”.Hence it should be transferred into“民主国家”in Version B rather than“民主”in Version A.And it is more proper to render“greatness”into“英雄本色”than“伟大崛起”.Accordingly, the author revises the translation as follows:

二战时期炸弹袭击我们的海港, 独裁专制威胁全球, 安妮见证了一代美国人的英雄本色, 他们捍卫了民主国家。

3.3.2 Reverse translation

In EPS there are sentences, whose sequence is dramaticallydifferent from that of Chinese.Therefore, reverse translation is em-ployed.In English, the most important information tends to be putin the front of the sentence, followed by condition, cause, time andso on.Conversely, in Chinese, such information is placed after con-dition or other information.Therefore, in English-Chinese transla-tion, the position of clauses has to be rearranged so that the sen-tence needs to be reversed. (9)

I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation’s next first lady, Michelle Obama. (B) A:·

译文A:我要感谢下一位第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马。她是我家的中流砥柱, 是我生命中的最爱。没有她16年来的坚定支持, 今晚我就不可能站在这里。

译文B:如果没有一个人的坚决支持, 我今晚就不会站在这里, 她是我过去16年来最好的朋友、是我们一家人的中坚和我一生的挚爱, 更是我们国家的下一位第一夫人:米歇尔·奥巴马。

Version A reverses the sentence while Version B keeps the original.Just a glance of them tells that Version A is more fluent.The main information of this English sentence is“I would not be standing here tonight without the support”with“Michelle Obama”in the end to arouse suspension.In fact, Chinese people are liable to put the main information at the end of a sentence.Therefore, it is necessary to reverse the word order like Version A, but the translation of“my best friend”is missing in the version.So the author ad-

我要感谢下一届第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马。她是我的挚友, 是我家的中流砥柱, 是我一生的最爱。没有她16年来的坚定支持, 今晚我就不可能站在这里。

3.3.3 Division

In English many long sentences are formed with clauses orphrases while most Chinese sentences are short and precise, payingmore attention to word order.When the relations between clausesare comparatively loose, the technique of division is often used, bywhich the long sentence is divided into several short sentences.Some words are added or omitted when necessary.And sometimes, the sequence of the sentence needs changing.

(10) Afghanistan has gone from a nation where the Taliban harbored al-Qaeda and stoned women in the streets to a young democracy that is fighting terror and encouraging girls to go to school. (C) A:

译文A:阿富汗已经由恐怖主义的天堂转变成一个尚未成熟的民主国家, 那里的人们正和恐怖主义战斗。此外, 女孩子上学也得到了应有的尊重。

译文B:阿富汗, 从一个塔利班袒护基地组织、妇女当街遭乱石致死的国家, 转变为一个对抗恐怖主义、支持女孩子们走进校门的年轻民主国家。

Indeed using“的”before“国家”can translate the English sentence into Chinese like Version B, but the long and complex modifiers are a block for the audience to understand while listening.So it is better to translate the main clause first and then the modifiers like Version A.However, Version A fails to translate the first attributive clause, which must be added like“阿富汗已经由恐怖主义的天堂转变成一个尚未成熟的民主国家。之前, 在阿富汗塔利班袒护基地组织, 妇女当街遭乱石袭击, 而现在, 人们正和恐怖主义对抗, 女孩也能走进校园。”

3.4 Translation of rhetorical devices

When translating these devices, translators should try to keepthe original images, cultural elements and vividness to the fullestextent.But it is improper to borrow ornate expressions for the pur-suit of liveliness.Below are the examples.

I believe that is the best way to get the strong government that we need, decisive government that we need today. (D)

译文:我认为, 这是构建我们所需要的强大政府的最佳途径, 是构建今天我们需要的果断政府的最佳途径。

“The strong government that we need”and“decisive govern-ment that we need today”share the similar structure to make em-phasis.And the Chinese sentence not only imitates the structurebut also repeats“是构建……的最佳途径”to reflect the emphasis.

4 Conclusion

According to the stylistic features of EPS, this paper focuseson translation of abstract nouns, personal pronouns, long and com-plex sentences, and rhetorical devices.In translation of abstractnouns, there is conversion of nouns into verbs or adjectives and conversion of sentence structure.In regard to translation of long and complex sentences, this paper introduces sequential translation, reverse translation and division.And the main point of translation o rhetorical devices is to translate the rhetorical devices with appropriate words.

From the previous discussion in Chapter Four, we can find thatliterature translation has a priority over free translation, that is, when the former can translate the meaning of the speeches faithful-ly, expressively and elegantly, there is no need to employ the latter.

参考文献

[1]Feng Cuihua.English Rhetorical Options[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1995.

[2]Nida E A, Taber C R.The Theory and Practice of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

[3]Thornborrow, Joanna&Wareing, Shan.Patterns in Language:Sty listics for Students of Language and Literature[M].Beijing:For eign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[4]Tytler, Alexander Fraser.Essay on the Principles of Translation3rd Edition[M].London:John Benjamins Publishing Corporation, 1813.

[5]Xu Jianping.A Practical Course of English-Chinese and Chi nese-English Translation[M].2nd Ed.Beijing:Tsinghua Universi ty Press, 2003.

[6]Xu Youzhi.English Stylistics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2005.

[7]冯庆华.文体翻译论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002.

英语新闻标题特点及翻译 篇3

1词汇特点

英国著名的文体学家, 戴维·克里斯特尔在The Language of Newspaper Reporting一文中写道:“标题必须信息明了, 激起读者的兴趣, 以醒目的形式抓住读者还在游移浏览的目光”。[1]这主要表现在使用小词、缩写词、缩略词、临时造词和名词连用五个方面。

1.1使用小词

英语报刊标题常使用一些独特的小词, 这些词汇使标题简洁生动, 吸引读者的注意力。一般文章中很少使用这类单词。即使使用, 其意思和标题中的意思也不完全一样。例如:

1) Economy Is Improving But Snags Still Remain经济复苏, 困难依旧。在这里的“snag”相当于“difficulty”, “snag”的原意是障碍;意外障碍;突出物, 在这里用于经济困难使人一目了然, 生动形象。较之“difficulty”更能让人理解。

2) Iraq Is Cool to Aid Offer伊拉克对外援不感兴趣。在这里的“cool”相当于“uninterested”, 在政治上有冷战一词, 在这里用“cool”一词描述伊拉克对战争中的外援没有兴趣, 感到冷漠恰如其分。

1.2使用缩写词

缩写词是指通过将旧词剪短而形成的单词。标题中使用这样的词, 可以节省版面, 使人感到洁净清新, 使版面减少冗长臃肿。例如:

1) EEC Warns Nuke Arms Spread (nuke=nuclear) 欧盟警告当心核武器扩散。使用缩写使得本条新闻标题仅仅用了5个短小的词汇就讲中心主旨概括出来, 使读者一目了然。

2) New Group Boost Hi-Tech Research (hi-tech=high technology) 新集团加速高科技研发。将“high technology”仅仅用6个字母就翻译出来, 不仅没有改变其本身的意思, 也让新闻标题符合简单明了这一宗旨, 所以使得记者钟爱使用这一方式。

1.3使用首字母缩略词

首字母缩略词是指将几个单词的首字母加在一起而合成的一个单词。每个字母都用大写, 从而代替一个冗长的词组。使用首字母缩略词的目的和使用缩写词的目的是一样的:节省版面, 美观大方。例如:

1) NATO to Seek New Secretary General北约寻觅新任秘书长。NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

2) The SOE Dilemma.国有企业的困境。SOE=state-owned enterprises.

这两则例子都很好地向读者展示了使用首字母缩略词的益处, 在这个信息化的时代, 一些用首字母的缩略词在人们心中已经有了根深蒂固的影响, 这样的阅读可以提高读者的阅读速度, 也可以让读者更快的选择自己感兴趣的阅读内容。

1.4使用临时造词

由于报刊英语经常报道新近发生的事件, 所以有的记者为了标新立异, 吸引读者, 常在标题中使用一些临时造词。这些临时造词, 有的由于形象生动, 构词别致, 很快地流传下来, 成为日常词汇的一部分;有的则被人很快遗忘。一般而言, 造词的方法是将两个或两个以上的旧词组合在一起, 省去其中的若干音节, 合二为一。例如:

1) US Strives to Ease Stagflation (stagflation=stag nation inflation) 美国试图消除经济滞涨。

2) Temps Catch on in Japan (temps=temporary staff) 临时工走俏日本。

这类临时造词在英语报刊标题中经常出现。读者只要在阅读报刊中稍加留意, 就可以学到很多这样的词汇。这些虽然是新造的词汇, 但是对于现代人来说, 很容易被理解和接受。

1.5名词连用

名词的表意功能很强, 信息含量大, 同时又具有广泛的语法可容性, 又可以担当多种功能。所以报刊标题中大量使用名词连用的形式。

例如:Cabinet Papers Leak Inquiry内阁文件泄密事件调查工作。这句话的原本翻译是“The inquiry into the leak of cabinet papers”这样的翻译省去了“the、into、of”这样的介词, 使得标题看起来清晰, 也不会让读者产生错误的理解。

2语法特点

“英语新闻标题是新闻三个组成部分———标题 (head line) 、导语 (lead) 和正文 (body) 之一, 它在新闻报导中起着独特的作用:提炼新闻事实精华, 评价新闻是否可读, 吸引读者关注新闻故事本身。”[2]因此正确的使用语法对于英文标题来说也是不可或缺的一部分。

英语报刊标题的语法特点主要包括:1) 省略;2) 广泛使用现在时;3) 广泛使用非谓语动词三个方面。

2.1省略

英语报刊标题语法最大的特点就是省略。为了节省篇幅和有紧凑感, 记者在写标题时往往会省略一切无实意的词;冠词, 连词, 代词, 助动词和动词to be等。例如:

1) Poverty, Pregnancy Linked=Poverty and Pregnancy linked多子与贫困相连。省略掉and并不影响读者理解文章前后的意思, 反倒让读者着重注意到, and前后的两者是并列的。

2) Fan Kills Wife=Fan Kills His wife球迷杀妻。同样词句中省去his, 不会引起读者模棱两可的误会, 同时也同样起到了简洁明了的效果。

2.2广泛使用一般现在时

英语报刊标题通常使用一般现在时代替几乎所有的时态。其主要目的是突出事件的现实感和新鲜感, 使读者阅读时有“身临其境”之感。例如:

1) Bomb Injures 26 on Paris Train巴黎火车炸弹, 二十六人受伤。

2) Longevity Star Dies at 110老寿星一百一十岁陨落。这两者新闻一眼看出来, 是已经发生的事情, 但是记者用了一般现在时, 让读者阅读时好似就在现场, 感受着战争的残酷, 又或者是生命逝去的感慨与不舍。

2.3广泛使用非谓语动词

英语报刊标题中非谓语动词主要用法:1) 不定式表示将来时;2) 现在分词表示进行时;3) 过去分词表示过去时或被动语态。例如:

(1) 不定式:

1.CIA to recruit More Spies after Nuclear Humiliation.刺探核武器情报蒙羞, 中情局决定再招人马。

2.Reagan to stick to Arms Policy, Official Reports.官员说:里根将坚持其武器政策。

3.Us, South Korea Say They Will Hold Military Exercises.美国和韩国表示一定举行军事演习。

但是, 当表示强烈意愿或决心时, 助动词will不省略。如上面例3中的“will”。

(2) 现在分词:

1.Deposits, Loans Rising in HK.香港储贷利率在上升。

2.PLO Moving from Tunis to Yemen.巴勒斯坦解放组织从突尼斯正前往也门。

(3) 过去分词:

1.New Oxford Chancellor Elected=The New Oxford Chancellor has been elected.牛津大学选出新校长。

2.Prisoner Freed at Gun Point=The prisoner was freed at gun point.枪口威胁, 囚犯释放。

3修辞特点

为了达到生动形象、风趣幽默的效果, 并能引起读者的兴趣, 英语报刊标题常使用各种修饰手段。常用的修饰手段有下列几种:

1) 头韵Alliteration。在一组词或一行诗中用相同的字母或声韵开头。这种修饰手段使报刊标题变得生动活泼, 富有节奏感。例如:Soldiers Salaries Soar.士兵薪水剧增。这样使得阅读起来朗朗上口, 富有韵律。使读者心情也因此变得活泼、余悦。

2) 押韵Rhyme。在一组词或一行诗中用相同的字母或声韵结尾。这种修饰手段可以造成声色效果, 渲染气氛, 引起注意。

例如:Gloom, Boom and Doom.暗淡, 繁荣和毁灭。

使用押韵这一修辞手法, 使得原本毫不相干的三个词语很自然的联系在一起, 也使得读者将三者的共性加以比较。

3) 隐喻Metaphor。在两类不同的事物之间含蓄地比较, 以表明相同关系的比喻。隐喻生动形象, 令人难忘。例如:A Dragon Raises Its Head.巨龙昂起了头。

这则新闻把上海喻作中国这条正在腾飞的巨龙的头, 不但体现了中国是跳腾飞的巨龙, 而且体现出这则新闻要突出的主旨, 将上海喻为龙头, 足见其的重要地位, 也给人以形象感。

4) 双关Pun。运用一个词语来暗示两层或两层以上的意思或不同的联想, 或运用两个或两个以上同音异义或近音异义的词语。双关使语言新鲜活泼, 诙谐有趣, 能收到冷嘲热讽, 滑稽幽默的效果。例如:A New Harvest of Troubles.农产品丰收, 新问题成堆。新闻报道农产品大丰收导致供大于求, 销售困难、价格暴跌。Harvest既表示丰收, 又表示后果的严重性。

5) 仿拟Imitate。故意模仿现成的语、句、篇。仿拟使语言简洁明快, 幽默诙谐, 有讽刺色彩。例如:A Tale of Two Capitals.两个首都的故事。这则新闻模仿Charles Dickens的名著《双城记》的书名A Tale of Two Cites, 使读者在阅读的同时联想到另一事物, 引起阅读兴趣。

除了仿拟, 英语报刊标题还直接采用成语或名著的书名。例如:A New Leaf of Life.浪子回头, 金不换。

文章报道一位韩国青年在做电脑生意失败后试图自杀, 但后来抓住了经济危机的机会, 开办了一个旧电脑店, 生意兴隆。这样的仿拟不仅让读者知道新闻说的事件, 也将其社会影响力显现出来。

6) 对仗Antithesis。把结构相同或相似、意义相反或相衬的语音单位平行并列, 以求得到一种匀称的形式美和烈的对比感。对仗时语言鲜明形象, 从而加强表达力。例如:Many Questions, Few Answers.问题多多, 答案少少。文章讲述了英国疯牛病引发的一系列悬而未决的问题, 运用对仗生动形象的说出问题与解决方案的相差数, 让读者一目了然事件的严重性。

7) 典故Allusion。重提过去的一个故事或史实, 用作比喻或暗示。其目地使语言简洁凝练, 风趣幽默、形象生动。例如:Pandora’s Box.潘多拉的盒子。

据希腊神话, 潘多拉是主神宙斯 (Zeus) 命火神用黏土制成的人类第一个女性。宙斯命潘多拉带着一个盒子下凡, 潘多拉私自打开盒子, 于是里面的疾病, 罪恶, 疯狂等各种祸害全跑出来散步到世界上。作者Brian Hook用此典故作为文章的标题, 表明他对1998年中国取消福利分房政策所带来后果的担心。

4标点特点

英语报刊栏目狭窄、篇幅有限, 要求标题结构简洁简炼、内容言简意赅, 在有限的篇幅里尽量浓缩较多的新闻内容, 因此形成了标题标点的独特用法:以符代词。标题中常用的标点符号有:逗号、冒号、分号和破折号。

1) 逗号。逗号常用来代替连词“and”。例如:China, CIS States May Share Cables (, =and) .中国和独联体国家合作开发光电通讯。

2) 冒号。冒号表示讲话的内容或代替连系动词“be”。

1.Renminbi to Remain Reliable, Strong:Li.李鹏说人

2014.No40名币将保持可靠和坚挺。此处冒号表示讲话的内容, 相当于“says”, 这样使用冒号, 简单明了的表示了是说话内容, 省去了重复的“says”, 是新闻看起来简短精炼。

2.Defense:the Real Debate.国防问题是辩论的真正焦点。此处的冒号表示联系动词“is”, 这样使用冒号让重点突出明了, 使得读者特别关注冒号后的重要内容。

3) 分号。分号将标题一分为二, 表示两个独立的意思。例如:Clashes Follow Hebron Killing:Mayor Removed.希布伦屠杀引发冲突;市长遭解职。

这样使用分号, 让前后两个词词性分明、独立, 相互之间独立且联系, 让新闻标题新颖独特。

4) 破折号。破折号用在没有引号的引语后面引出说话人或表示解释。例如:1.Political efforts vital to reform--Party leader (--=says) .党魁说政治努力是改革的关键。

此处的破折号和之前的冒号均是引出要说的话, 两者有着异曲同工之妙。

2.Take Care--It’s a Jungle Out There.当心——那里可是弱肉强食的地方。

这里的破折号是表示解释。让读者对“Take Care”一次更加了解, 不会使得当心一词显得突兀。

英语新闻标题遵循自己的语言规则, 其独特的用词及割裂式的语法, 不仅给读者在阅读理解上带来困难, 同时也为汉译

2014.No40增加了难度, 因而, 掌握其文体特征是赏析标题与翻译标题的第一步。[3]

5结束语

“英语新闻标题的语用特点表现在语法和用词等方面, 英语新闻标题的翻译质量在一定程度上依靠对其语用特点的把握:从上下文把握原作者智慧的语用手段及其标题内容展现的措辞方式, 从而实现英语新闻标题翻译过程中发掘其特点、强化其可读性、达到读者充分接受的三重目的。”[4]

在这个信息化迅速发展的时代中, 新闻已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分, 到处可见。想要引起人们的关注以及共鸣, 新闻标题是关键之处, 想要夺人眼球, 就要有其自身的独特之处, 这样才能够在众多信息中脱颖而出, 让读者们有阅读的欲望和兴趣, 本文就是对新闻标题的特点进行简要的分析, 希望能够对读者有一些帮助。

摘要：英语新闻标题是新闻报道的题目, 它是报道全文的高度浓缩和概括。本文结合新闻标题的主要特点, 通过实例分析, 探讨了英语新闻标题翻译的一些方法。

关键词：英语新闻标题,特点,翻译方法

参考文献

[1]郭影平.上海理工大学学报.社会科学版, 2003 (04) .

[2]沈志和.英语新闻标题翻译研.柳州师专学报, 2003 (03) .

[3]刘金凤.英语新闻标题汉译探析.牡丹江师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版, 2008.