21世纪大学英语第四册翻译

21世纪大学英语第四册翻译（共6篇）

21世纪大学英语第四册翻译 篇1

汉译英短语

1.拄着拐杖lean on a stick

2.一捆脏衣服a bundle of laundry

3.逐一数出count out

4.从来没有对...如此满意过have never been so pleased with..5.一个难得的人才a real find

6.准备好某物have sth.ready

7.养老院a home for the aged

8.表明了人类的顽强speak of the stubbornness of mankind

9.在超出体力极限的情况下工作work beyond the limits of one’s power

10.最多三个星期three Weeks at the mostlean on a stick

11.（某人）杳无音信

12.为..感到伤心

13.补一件衬衫

14.凹陷的嘴巴和苍白的双唇

15.再一次站起来

16.在..的帮助下

17.在网上聊天

18.落基山脚下一个美丽的小镇

19.一起度过一个星期幸福的时光

20.事先提出离职

21.坚持

22.请几天假

23.帮某人安顿下来

24.修改个人简历

25.乱翻某人的私人用品

26.从一开始

27.一个喜爱玩乐、爱冒险的人

28.干扰他人的生活

29.应邀去某人家中吃饭

30.一大帮佣人

31.将自己淹没在思想的海洋中

32.喜欢巴赫的音乐

33.排满书的书房

34.极力不走调

35.解一道分数题

36.作出惶恐的反映

37.接下去做更复杂的事情

38.惊人的正确程度

39.拍拍我的膝盖以示鼓励

40.匆忙站立起来

41对...有吸引力

42.每个月微薄的积蓄

43.作为重要新闻在全国见报

44.常规奖学金

45.一门心思做某事

46.为某人跑腿

47.抽出时间去做某事nothing is heard of(sb.)mourn formend a shirta sunken mouth and pale lipsstand on one’s feet againwith the help ofchat onlinea beautiful little town in the Rocky Mountains spend a blissful Weeks togethergive notice at workinsist ontake a few days off from workhelp sb.get settledrevamp one’s resumesnoop through sb.’s personal thingsfrom the beginninga fun-loving,adventurous personmess with others’ livesbe invited to dine at sb.’s homean army of servantssubmerge oneself in a sea of thoughtbe fond of Bacha book-lined studytry desperately to stay in tunework out a problem in fractionsreact in panicgo on to something more complicateda surprising degree of accuracygive me a reassuring pat on the kneecome hastily to one’s feet speak tomeagre monthly savingsmake national headlineregular scholarshipset one’s mind on doing sthdo errands for sb.get around to doing sth

48.说服某人做某事talk sb.into doing sth

49.教育某人要乐善好施teach sb.about the gift of giving

50.依次地in turn

51.增加add to

52记者招待会press conference

英译汉

1.在坚强意志的驱动下，他终于完成了他所承担的任务

Driven by a strong will,he eventually fulfilled the task he had undertaken

2.他许诺一到那儿就给我写信，但至今杳无音信

He promised towrite to me as soon as he got there,but nothing has been heard of him so far

3.老板从来没有对任何员工如此满意过，这个年轻人确实是个难得的人才 The boss has never been so pleased with any emplpyee before.The young man is a real find

4.在医生和护士的帮助下，病人再一次站了起来，不久便重新开始工作

With the help of the doctors and nurses,the patient was able to stand on his feet once more and soon resumed working

5.老人那张布满皱纹的脸表明了他一辈子所忍受的苦难

The old man’s wrinkled face spoke of the hardship he had endured in his life

6.当她身体恢复了一些，她就倚在窗口，望着孩子们在草地上玩耍

When she recovered somewhat,she leaned on the Window watching the children play on the lawn

7.他没有通过考试，但这是他自己的过错，他从来就不用功

He failed the test but it was his own fault,he never did any work

8.她告诉我她被一个自称（claim）为银行家儿子的年轻人骗了

She told me she had been deceived by a young man who claimed to be the son of a banker

9.玛丽离开了她的丈夫，因为她再也无法忍受他的残酷无情了

Mary left her husband because she couldn’t stand his cruelty any longer

10.妈妈坚持的一点是，约翰必须做完作业才能看电视

One thing that Mom insisted on was that John finish his homework before watching any Tv programs

11.当比尔过分痴迷于网上聊天时，事情开始变了。他不再是那个初进大学时勤奋学习的学生了

When Bill became overly obsessed with online chatting,things began tochange.No longer was he the hard working student he was when he first came to college

12.我一开始就告诉过你，网上约会与实际在一起生活根本不是一回事

I told you from the beginning that there was a world of difference between online dating and actually living

13.演出结束后，观众们都激动地站了起来，真挚的掌声持续了好几分钟

After the performance,the audience all came excitedly to their feet with genuine applause that lasted for quite a few minutes

14.看见我恐慌的样子，女主持人安慰我说接下去指示我做的肯定是我做得到的 Seeing me in panic,the hostess reassured me taht what I was instructed to do next was something I was definitely capable of

15.整个下午他完全被一道分数题吸引住了，难怪他解出题目时欣喜万分

He was completely absorbed by a fraction problem the whole afternoon.No wonder he was overjoyed when he finally worked the problem out

16.亨利一旦沉浸到自己的思绪当中，就跟聋子差不多。史密斯太太这样评论道 Once Henry is submerged in his own thoughts,he’s virtually deaf.Thus remarked Mrs.Smith

17.你不觉得在我们还不能确定数据的准确性的情况下匆忙下结论是不安全的吗 Don’t you think it’s unsafe to conclude hastily when we are not sure about the accuracy of the statistics

18.她很不自在地在钢琴前坐下，试着弹了一个音符（note）。这是她第一次接触乐器

She sat uneasily in front of the piano and ventured a note.It was her first time to touch a musical instrument

19.我已决定不去面试，因为招聘广告明明白白的说只有大学毕业生才有资格干这份工作

I have decided not to go to the interview because the job advertisement has made it clear that only a college graduate is eligible for the post

20.她让儿子每天练钢琴。看来，她是铁了心要把儿子培养成钢琴家

She makes her son practice the piano every day.It seems that she has set her heart on making a pianist of her son

21.我小的时候喜欢给妈妈跑腿。找回的零钱我可以自己留着

When I was a child ,I enjoyed doing errands for my mother.I could keep the small change

22.他的精彩表演感染了每一个观众，自始至终没有一个人发出一点声音

His excellent performance spoke to every member of the audience.No one made any sound throughout it

23.当我最后终于有时间去医院看他时，已经为时已晚

When I finally got around to visiting him in hospital,it was too late

24.既然他这么倔（stubborn），我也不打算去说服他考虑我们的建议了

Since he is so stubborn ,I don’t intend to talk him into considering our suggestion either

21世纪大学英语第四册翻译 篇2

There are many paths to greatness.Some people go down in history for their1)political leadership.Other are remembered for spectacular scientific 2)or writing 3)characteristics.They are relentlessly 5)_ and persistent;they have both intellectual skills and the ability to work well with other people;and they love their work.In fact, 6 these people, work is more like an obsession than a job.Of course, many of the questions about greatness 7), unanswered.What roles so genetics and environment 8)9)will be remembered as great and which people, though famous today, will be 10)also possible that our 11)_who is great is not always fair or accurate.For example, the of 12)women are not recognized as often as they should be.Finally, we can’t even be 13)_really good to be great.Maybe the happiest people are the normal ones.Normal people aren’t endowed 14)what it takes to be great, but they also don’t have to worry 15)__ the burdens of history.Unit 2

Gratitude is defined as the art of showing 1)____ for every kindness, great and small.Usually,2)__gratitude costs very little, but its rewards can be great.When gratitude is owed but not given, however, as when we 3)_ to recognize a generous act on someone else’s 4)_feelings, and even resentment.Sometimes, truly deep gratitude calls for personal sacrifice.One 5)mother of world war II soldier who traveled from her home6)family who had 7)____ her son from Nazis.She was driven to 8)_this unselfish generosity which this family had shown her son.But gratitude can 9)_ be shown by very simple acts.We can start 10)_making sure that, in one way or another, we thank the family members and 11)_In sum, the 12)to gratitude is thoughtfulness, or 13)___ pains to consider the feeling of others as well as out own.Being generous and 14)_make the world a more pleasant place.For all of these 15)_ gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much..Unit 3

Traditional western ways of thinking can often lead to an 1)__ when we are confronting a truly difficult problem.This happened to Dr.Edward Jenner when he was trying to 2)_ up with a vaccine for the deadly disease known as smallpox.Jenner wasto solve the problem he faced by changing the 4)_within which he looked at it.Rather than focusing on people who had smallpox, he 5)carefully at those who seemed never to get the disease.This change in6)__ is an example of what is known as “lateral thinking.” The term means choosing not to approach a problem head-on, but instead looking at it

7)__.In lateral thinking, being able to take in and8)__ all kinds of ideas, no matter how unlikely theymightseem, is of the9)_from smokers who want to give 10)___ their habit, to archers who need to relax in order to perform 11)_their best.This idea does not 12)_thatsolutionswhich comefrom verticalthinkingarealways deeply13)14)_you get stuck struggling with a problem head-on, thinking laterally can help you to shift your point of view and perhaps see a 15)_you wouldn’t other wise notice.Unit 4

A recent educational experiment showed that the difference between “gifted” children and regular ones may have as much as to do with 1)__as with intelligence.An elementary school teacher was

2)_them to do outstanding work, even though their true IQs were well within the normal range.It seems that her belief in her students’ intelligence was enough to turn them 4)___exactly how such beliefs are expressed.It __have to do with how a teacher talks tothe class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience, annoyance, or communication, including 8)_probably plays a role too.But one thingis clear: labels and expectations 9)____ as not, have a negative effect.The labelswe put on different social groups are usually not 11)____.In fact, they are often sexist or racist.Of 12)____ , there is good and bad in all kinds of people.But we 13)____to accept some ideas about certain groups more readily than about others.The school experiment shows that such labels have a

14)__

Unit 5

When I came to prison, my reading skills were 1)____ and my penmanship was worse.But because I wanted to 2)____ some of the more well-read inmates, I decided to do something about it, I began by copying 3)_the dictionary.You know the dictionary had all kinds of information.It’s something like an encyclopedia in 4)__.But the most important result 5)__ studying dictionary was that it gave me the word 6)__ I needed to read 7)__.Soon, I could pick up8)_checked 9)all kinds of books from the prison library, both non-fiction and literature.I love to read so much that I could I always find myself 10)_in something when “lights out” came.I was so 11)_for knowledge that I would then lie on the floor and read by the faint 12)the guard coming back down along the corridor.Many people say that no true 13)_prison.But I felt that I learned more there than I could have in any college, even if no degree was 14)__where I could be left alone and allowed to read for up to 15 hours per day?

Unit 6

what does a young child’s ability not to eat a marshmallow 1)__ to do with success in life? Quite a lot, as it turns out.The 4-year-old who is able to 2)__more self-control than will serve him or her well as an adult.This ability to control one’s 4)__part of what is called Emotional Intelligence.The children who demonstrate it will grow up to be better adjusted and

大学英语第三版第四册课文翻译 篇3

This shows that the world needs Chinese culture. It was in this context that China decided to implement the “Culture Exporting” strategy so as to enhance her cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.

After several years’ efforts, great achievements have been made in this respect. “Culture Exporting” has greatly promoted the development of our cultural industries. It is becoming an effective approach through which China enhances her national image and comprehensive strength.

21世纪大学英语第四册翻译 篇4

工业中的秘密

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

Why is secrecy particularly important in the chemical industries?

Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.

J.D. BERNAL The Social Function of Science

New words and expressions

secrecy

n. 秘密

effectiveness

n. 成效，效力

inquiry

n. 调查研究

positive

adj. 确实的

process

n. 过程

patent

n. 专利;

v. 得到专利权

agent

n. 情报人员

参考译文

21世纪大学英语第四册翻译 篇5

1.汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩，他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣，而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。

As a very curious boy, Tom is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows.2.据史密斯教授说，幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。

Happiness, according to Prof.Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have.3.你最好把这本书放在你15岁儿子找不到的地方。

You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on it.4.这故事非常滑稽，比尔一边读一边不停地笑。

The story was so funny that Bill kept laughing all the time while reading it.5.成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。

High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time on their studies than their lower-scoring classmates.6.你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的？

How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course?

7.用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。

Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one’s abilities counts for much more.8.她要求学生独立思考，而不是告诉他们该思考什么。

She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.Unit 2

l.在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.”

2.史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。”

Prof.Smith encourages his students to think for themselves.“I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.”

3.我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBA决赛。

We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week.4.司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。

The driver is responsible for this accident.His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike.5.自我们的收音机停止生产后，我们已转产移动电话。

Since our production of radios came to a halt, we have switched to the production of mobile phones.6.我们最初的计划是在北京浏览长城、故宫、颐和园等著名景点。

Our original plan was to see such famous sights as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace in Beijing.7.学好一门外语绝非易事。尽管我已学了几年英语，我仍然不能有效地用这种语言表达思想。

It’s no simple/easy matter to learn a foreign language well.Even though I have learned English for a few years, I still can’t express myself effectively in the language.8.我希望你不仅仅是同意或不同意我的想法，我需要你给我提忠告、出主意等。

I don’t want you to simply to agree or disagree with me.I need someone who can give me good advice, ideas, and so on.Unit 3

1.据我所知，他们必须做的只是来见他们抚养的孩子，并填写一份表格。

As far as I know, all they have to do is to come and see the child they want to bring up and fill up a form.2.随着他对世事的了解越来越多，他终于厌倦了对名利的追求。

As he learned more and more about the world, he finally got tired of going after fame and wealth.3.小女孩的歌声给老人带来了欢乐，帮助他忍受住种种生活的艰辛。

The little girl’s songs brought sunshine to the old man and helped him bear the hardships of life.4.人们纷纷前来向他们祝贺又一座黄浦江大桥的胜利建成。

People came one after another to congratulate them on the successful building of another big bridge over the Huangpu River.5.这个10岁的男孩小提琴拉得如此娴熟，在场的人都惊叹不已。

All the people present were amazed that the 10-year-old boy was playing the violin so skillfully.6.车祸之后，史蒂威重新评价了自己的人生目标，决定更多地注意外部世界。

After the car accident, Stevie reevaluated his goals in life and decided to pay more attention to the world outside.7.母亲即使做梦也没想到她的儿子会成为一名世界著名的钢琴家。

Even in her wildest dreams, Mother could never have imagined that her son would become a world-famous pianist.8.当听到他们的老师已摆脱了死亡的阴影时，学生们都大声欢呼起来。

The students broke into loud cheers when they heard that their teacher had fought back from the shadow of death.Unit 4

1.虽然祖母体弱多病，她却承担起了家里的所有家务。

Sickly and weak as Grandma is, she has taken on all the housework in the family.2.唱片公司从未对任何歌手这样满意过。对他们来说，史蒂威·旺达确实是个难得的人才。

The recording company had never been so pleased with any singer.For them, Stevie Wonder was a real find.3.他们住的地方没有自来水，也没有煤气和电这类生活上的便利设备。

They had no running water where they lived.Nor did they have any conveniences of life such as gas and electricity.4.6年过去了，接着7年、8年过去了，那位法国艺术家仍杳无音讯。看来他肯定已离开这个国家去了唯有上帝知道的什么地方。

Six years passed, then seven and eight, and nothing was heard of that French artist.It seemed certain that he had left the country for only God knows where.5.那年夏天他病得很厉害，但秋天他刚感到好些了，便又重新开始写作，并在两个月内

完成了他的最后一部小说。

He was very ill that summer, but as soon as he felt better in the fall, he resumed his writing and finished his last novel in two months.6.在坚强意志的推动下，亚历克斯终于完成了他所承担的任务。

Driven by a strong will, Alex finally fulfilled the task he had undertaken.7.在医生和护士们的帮助下，那位病人恢复得很快，几星期后便再一次站起来了。With the help of the doctor and the nurses, the patient recovered quickly and in a few weeks was able to stand on his feet once more.8.望着老人那张满是皱纹的脸真叫人难过，因为它说明了老人一辈子所经历的一切。It was really sad to watch the old man’s wrinkled face, which spoke of all that he had borne/endured in his life.Unit 5

l.他们是玛丽的儿子罗伯特和劳伦斯，一个起的是她父亲的名字，另一个是她祖父的名字。They are Mary’s sons Robert and Lawrence.One is named after her father, the other is named after her grandfather.2.他已有的一切还不满足。他从来不懂“知足常乐”，真遗憾。

He is not content with what he has already got.What a pity he never understands that happiness lies in contentment.3.她参与课堂活动非常积极。我相信她将来可以成为一名好教师。

She is very active in classroom activities.I am sure that she will make a good teacher.4.你也许有不同看法，但我不喜欢劝酒，尤其是在宴会上更是如此。

You may have different opinions about it, but I hate the idea of urging people to drink, especially at a dinner party.5.我们准备在一些枝节问题上对他们作些让步，但决不在重大的原则问题上与他们妥协。We are prepared to give way a little to them on minor problems, but we will never compromise with them on major questions of principle.6.整整一年中罗伯特通常得不到多少运动，而他的妻子玛丽却大部分时间一直站着。这就是为什么他们不可能或至少很难找到一个喜欢的地方去休假的原因。

Robert didn’t usually get much exercise during the year, while his wife Mary was on her feet most of the time.That was why it was impossible or difficult at least, for them to choose a place they both liked for their holiday.7.戴维是个自视甚高的青年作家。他认为他的写作风格是独特的、高雅的。但遗憾的是，情况并非如此。

David is a young writer with a high opinion of himself.He thinks that his writing style is unique and refined.But unfortunately, that is not the case.8.我想说的只是，作为个人我们享有很多不同的权利，但却无权做任何对社会有害的事。All I want to say is that as individuals we enjoy many different rights but we have no right to do anything harmful to society.Unit 6

l.问题在于人们如何看待那些专心追求知识的学生。

The problem lies in how people look at those students dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge.2.我国政府已决定向教育投入比过去多得多的钱。

Our government has decided to put a lot more money into education than before.3.我们得培养更多一流的工程师参与同日本的技术竞争。

We have to train more first-class engineers to compete in the technology race with Japan.4.求知好学和勤奋用功的学生应受到表扬并被树立为其他学生的榜样。

The intellectually curious and hard-working students should be praised and held up as examples to other students.5.知道我们消除排斥知识的现象，我们才有希望保持世界级强国的地位。

Not until we do away with our anti-intellectualism do we stand a chance to remain a world-class power.6.我们必须使自己适应时代的要求，否则我们就会落后于世界上其他工业国家。

We must adapt ourselves to the demands of our times, otherwise we’ll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.7其他孩子在踢足球，而他们的儿子却在学英语，做父母的为此感到骄傲。

The parents are proud of their son who is studying English while the other children are playing football.8.你真的期望不花费更多的时间学习就能提高你的英语水平？

Do you really expect to improve your English without spending more time studying it?Unit 7

l.史密斯先生被认为是一位十分开明的人，除了别的之外，他还认为在法律面前人人平等。Mr.Smith was viewed as a very liberal person who believed, among other things, that all men were equal under the law.2.他获奖并非偶然；他的成功来自艰苦的训练。

It is not by chance that he won the prize;his success comes from his hard training.3.老师跟白人孩子们谈了很多，试图使他们相信人人生而平等，但在最初几个星期里，似乎没有多少效果。

The teacher talked a lot with the white kids, trying to convince them that all men are created equal, but nothing much came of it in the first few weeks.4.因为我刚来到这所学校，所以有一段时间我感到孤独，也没有朋友。

As I was a newcomer to that school, I felt lonely and friendless for a time.5.伟明日复一日坚持与威尔逊夫人进行交谈，他的英语口语变得越来越流利，越来越自然。

Day after day Wei Ming kept talking with Mrs.Wilson, and his oral English became more and more fluent and natural.6.尽管在最初那几个星期一些孩子对我很不客气，一个白人小姑娘却特别友好。

Whereas some of the kids were quite nasty during those first few weeks, a little white girl was especially friendly to me.7.我后来才知道那位看起来又老又满脸皱纹的人才45岁左右。

I later came to know that the man who looked old and wrinkled was only about 45.8.大学毕业之后不久，他便证明自己是一个称职而负责的英语教师。

After graduating from university, he soon established himself as a qualified and responsible teacher of English.Unit 8

l.没有一个科学家确切地知道信息高速公路将在未来十年中把我们带往何处。No scientist knows exactly where the information highway will lead us in the decade ahead.2.至关重要的是，发达国家和发展中国家应通过更多的交流增进相互间的理解和尊重。It is crucial that developed countries and developing countries increase mutual understanding and mutual respect through more communication.3.从一开始，大众传媒就对这部关于个人电脑的专著给予了特别的关注。

From the very beginning, the mass media paid particular attention to this treatise on the personal computer.4.我的侄子以为日文跟中文在很多方面相似，很容易学，但结果并不是那样。

My nephew had thought that Japanese, which is similar to Chinese in many ways, was easy to learn, but it didn’t turn out that way.5.你本应该知道得更多些。大学教授讲课的方式并不只限于告诉学生基本事实，他还激发讨论和争论。

You should have known better.The way a college professor teaches is not confined only to telling his students the basic facts.He or she also stimulates discussions and debates.6.原来估计这项工程将费时五年。但由于工人和工程师们的创造性劳动，工程大大提前完成了。

It was originally estimated that the project would take 5 years.But because of the creativity of the workers as well as the engineers, it was finished well ahead of schedule.7.构思和写作自传花费了那位美国作家三年多的时间，其间他遇到了许多无法想象的困难。

The process of thinking about and writing his autobiography took the American writer more than three years, during which he ran into many unimaginable difficulties.8.医生们不能肯定他患了什么病，这就是他已决定提前退休的原因。

高中语文读本文言文翻译·第四册 篇6

【编辑】Crazy Urus 【日期】2010-6-20

第四册

目录

25.登楼赋„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 1 26.与陈柏之书„„„„„„„„„„„ 1 27.《指南录》后序„„„„„„„„„ 2 28.钴鉧潭西小丘记„„„„„„„„„ 3 29.后赤壁赋„„„„„„„„„„„„ 3 30.西湖香市„„„„„„„„„„„„ 4

第25课 登楼赋 王粲

登上这座楼向四面瞻望，暂借假日销去我的心忧。看看这里所处的环境，宽阔敞亮再也很少有同样的楼。漳水和沮水在这里会合，弯曲的沮水环绕着水中的长洲。楼的北面是地势高平的广袤原野，面临的洼地有可供灌溉的水流。北接陶朱公范蠡（lí）长眠的江陵，西接楚昭王当阳的坟丘。花和果实覆盖着原野，黍（shǔ）稷（jì）累累布满了田畴。这地方确实美，但不是我的故乡，竟不能让我短暂地居留。

生逢乱世到处迁徙流亡啊，长长地超过了一纪直到如今。念念不忘想着回家啊，这种忧思，谁能承受它的蚀侵。靠着栏杆遥望啊，面对北风敞开胸襟。地势平坦可极目远望啊，挡住视线的是那荆山的高岑。道路曲折而漫长啊，河水荡漾长而深。故乡阻隔令人心悲啊，涕泪纵横而难禁。从前孔丘在陈遭受厄运啊，发出“归欤，归欤”的哀吟。钟仪被囚弹出楚曲啊，庄骂显贵越免不了露出乡音。怀念故乡的感情人人相同啊，哪会因为穷困或显达而变心。

日月一天天过去啊，黄河水清不知要到何日。希望国家能统一平定啊，凭借大道可以施展自己的才力。担心有才能而不被任用啊，井淘干净了，却无人来取食。在楼上徘徊漫步啊，大阳将在西匿。萧瑟的风声从四处吹来啊，天暗淡而无色。兽惊恐四顾寻找伙伴啊，鸟惊叫着张开双翼。原野上静寂无人啊，远行的人匆匆赶路来停息。内心凄凉悲怆啊，哀痛伤感而凄恻。循着阶梯下楼啊，闷气郁结，填塞胸臆。到半夜难以入睡啊，惆怅难耐，辗转反侧。

第26课 与陈伯之书 丘迟

丘迟叩拜陈将军足下：知您近来康健，使我不胜欢欣！将军勇武为三军之首，才能杰出于当世，鄙弃燕雀俗小的胸襟，企慕鸿鹄高飞有远大的志向。过去曾顺应机缘而通变，遇到梁武帝那样英明的君主，建立了功勋，建立了事业，得以冠开国之号封爵称孤，乘坐精致华丽的车舆（yú），在广阔的地域中持旄（máo）节而统制一方，这是何等壮观啊！怎么一下子成了奔逃亡命的虏寇，听到响箭就大腿发抖，对着毡帐弯腰屈膝，这又是何等卑劣呵！

推寻您离开梁朝投靠北魏之时，并没有其他原因，仅仅因为没有在自己的内心反复审察考虑，又听信了外面流传的谣言，一时迷惑错乱，以至于到了这个地步。当今梁朝对臣下赦免罪责而求其建功立业，不计较过失而加以任用，以赤诚之心待天下之人，使一切怀疑动摇的人都安定下来。这一切都为将军所熟知，不需要我一一细述了。历史上朱鲔（wěi）虽曾杀了光武帝的哥哥，张绣也杀死曹操的爱子，但汉光武帝并不因之而疑忌，曹操对再次归降的张绣还象过去一样。何况将军并无朱、张之罪，而以功勋见重于当世。迷失道路而能知返，这是往哲先贤们所赞许的；迷途不远而归来，更为古之典籍所褒扬。当今皇帝轻于刑法而重施恩惠，法网宽松到可以漏掉吞舟的大鱼；将军在梁地的祖坟完好，亲戚安居乐业，住宅未曾倾毁，爱妾仍然健在。您心里可要好好想一想，这还有什么可说的呢！

当今梁朝的功臣名将，各有封赏任命，位置高下很有秩序。腰系紫绶（shòu）丝带，掌管金印，参预筹划军国大计；坐轻车而竖旄节，身负保卫边疆的重任。并且杀白马郑重立约：功臣名将的爵位可以传给子孙。唯有您将军厚颜

高中语文读本文言文翻译，第1页，共4页

偷生，为拓跋族的头目魏帝奔走效劳，难道不感到可悲吗？至于像南燕慕容超那样强大，最终被解送建康刑场斩首；像后秦姚泓（hóng）那样强盛，最后也在长安反缚出降。由此可见，虽天地之间霜露均布，却不养育异类；北方中原一带周汉故土，容不得杂种。北魏假称帝号窃取中原，已有很多年，积恶多端灾祸满盈，理应溃败灭亡。更何况北魏统治集团昏瞆（kuì）狡诈、自相残杀，部落内部分崩离析，头目之间各存二心互相猜忌。马上就要受缚至京城蛮邸（dǐ），悬首级于藁（gǎo）街，而将军却如鱼游于烧沸水的釜鼎之瞆中，像燕子筑窝巢于飞动摇荡的帐幕之上，不是太令人迷惑不解了吗？

暮春三月之时，江南碧草萋盛，各色的杂花开满树丛，群莺穿梭飞忙。看到故国军队的旗鼓，回想起往日的生活，持弓登城以望远之际，怎不令人黯然伤情！正因为如此廉颇才渴想能重为赵将，吴起临别西河才掩泪悲伤。这是人之常情，难道唯独将军没有这种感情吗？

希望您尽早作出妥善安排，自己争取幸福的前途。当今武帝十分英明，天下百姓安居乐业，西王母献来玉环，肃慎氏贡来楛（hù）矢。夜郎、滇池诸国，解其发辫而请求封职。朝鲜和西域罗布泊，叩头归服而接受教化。唯有北魏野心勃勃，倔强于沙漠边塞之中，企图苟延岁月。中军将军临川王萧宏，德行彰明且是武帝至亲，主持这次北伐的军机重任，前来慰问中原一带受外族压迫的百姓，讨伐秦中的逆贼，您若犹豫因循而不知改过，可要好好考虑我这番话。聊且以此书表达往日的情谊，希望您详加省察。丘迟叩拜。

第27课 《指南录》后序 文天祥

德祐二年二月十九日，我被任命为右丞相兼枢密使，统一指挥各路兵马。这时元军已迫近都门外，不论是迎战、防守或迁都，都已经来不及安排。大小官员聚集在左丞相的衙门里，都想不出办法来。当时（双方有）使者车马往来频繁，元军方面约邀（我国）当权的人相见，大家认为我去一趟就可以缓解国家的祸患。国家事态到了这地步，我不能（只顾）爱惜自己；（而且）估计元军方面还是可以用言语说动的。以前，（我们的）使者往来，没有被扣留在北方的，（同时）我更想探察一下元军方面的情况，回来好寻求救国的办法。于是未接受丞相的印信不就任，第二天，以资政殿学士（的身份）前往。

刚到元军军营（的时候），我慷慨陈辞，（他们）上上下下都很震惊。他们也不敢马上就轻视我国。不幸的是先有吕师孟干坏事，后来有贾余庆（向对方）讨好献媚，我（才）被拘留不能回还。国家的事情被弄到了不可收拾的地步。我自己估计不能脱身，就当面责骂元军统帅不守信用，揭露吕师孟叔侄二人叛国（的罪行）。（我）只想求死，不再顾念（个人的）安危。元军方面虽然表面上尊敬我，实际上（对我）很愤怒。（派来）两个高级头目，名义上是招待使臣的人，夜里却用兵包围我的住所，我就不能回国了。不久，贾余庆等人作为祈请使要到北方去；元人逼迫我同他们一起走，但又不算作使者。我照理应该自杀，但还是忍耐着（随他们）出发。古人说：“（忍辱不死）是为了将来有所作为啊！”

到了京口，得机会跑到了真州，就把北兵的虚实完全报告了淮东、淮西两位边防统帅，约定（同他们）联合兵力奋起抗战。国家复兴的机会，大概就在此一举了。（在那里）住了两天，扬州的边帅下了逐客令。（我）没有办法，（就）改名换姓，隐蔽行踪，在荒野里奔走，在露天里歇宿，每天同元军的骑兵在江淮一带（彼此）互相出现或隐没（没有遇见）。困窘饥饿，无所依托，悬赏捕捉又很紧急，天高地远，叫唤求救都来不及，后来找到一只小船，避开（敌军所占的）江中小洲，从北海出去，然后渡过扬子江，进人苏州，经过四明，转到天台，终于来到永嘉。

唉！我接近死亡的危机不知道多少回了！责骂敌军大头目会被处死；痛骂叛贼也会被杀死；和北兵那两个高级头目相处二十天，争论是非曲直，好多次都可能被杀死；逃出京口（的时候），身边带着匕首以防意外，差点自杀；经过十多里有北兵停泊船只的水区，被巡逻船搜寻，差点投水，葬身鱼腹；在真州被赶出城外，差点（由于）走投无路而急死；投奔扬州，路过瓜州扬子桥，如果碰上（敌人的）哨兵，不可能不被杀死；在扬州城下，进退不能自主，几乎类似送死；坐在桂公塘土围子里，（敌人）骑兵数千人从门前走过，差点落在敌人手里死掉；在贾家庄，差点被巡查的军官凌侮逼迫而死；夜里投奔高邮，迷了路，差点儿陷（于泥沼）而死；天亮时，在竹林中躲避哨兵，遇到巡逻的元军骑兵几十人，几乎无法逃脱而死。到了高邮，置制司衙门（通缉捉拿我的）公文下达了，差点儿被逮捕杀死；在城子河里航行，在横七竖八的死人堆里穿行，（我坐的）船同（敌人的）巡哨船相隔很近，差点儿遇上（敌人而被）杀死；到了海陵，往高沙去，常常担心白白地死掉；取道海安、如皋，一共三百里路，北兵和土匪在这一带来来往往，（我）没有一天不可能死去；到达通州，几乎因为不被收留而死；后来驾着小船在惊涛骇浪中航行，实在没有办法，（这时）已不把死亡（的威胁）放在心上了！唉！生死不过是早晚间的事情，死了就死了；可是处境是那样的危险艰难，而且

高中语文读本文言文翻译，第2页，共4页

层出不穷，（实在）不是人所能忍受得了的。痛苦的事情过去以后再回味当时遭受的痛苦，那是多么的痛苦啊！

我在患难当中，有时写点诗来记述遭遇的情景，现在保留着底稿舍不得丢掉，旅途中亲手抄写：（有关）出使北营，被扣留在北关外（的部分），作为一卷；（有关）从北关外出发，经过吴门、常州，渡江到瓜州，重回京口（的部分），作为一卷；（有关）从京口逃向真州、扬州、高邮。泰州、通州（的部分），作为一卷；（有关）从海路到永嘉又来到三山（的部分），作为一卷。

（我）打算（把这部诗集）保存在家里，让后代的人读到它，能同情我的心志。

这一年夏季五月，年号改为景炎，庐陵人文天祥给自己的诗集写了序文，题名为《指南录》。

第28课 钴鉧潭西小丘记 柳宗元

找得西山后的第八天，循着山口向西北走两百步，又发现了钴鉧（mǔ）潭。离潭西二十五步，正当水深流急的地方是一道坝。坝顶上有一座小丘，上面长着竹子和树木。小丘上的石头拔地而起曲折起伏，破土而出，争奇斗怪的，几乎多得数不清。那些石头高峻倾斜而相互连叠向下的，好象牛马俯身在小溪里喝水；那些高耸突出，如兽角斜列往上冲的，好象熊罴（pí）在登山。

这小丘小得不足一亩，简直可以把它装在笼子里提走。我打听它的主人是谁，有人说：“这是唐加不要的地方，想出售而没人买。”问它的价钱，说：“只要四百文。”我很喜欢它，就买了下来。李深源、元克己这时和我一起游览，他们都非常高兴，以为是出乎意料的收获。我们就轮流拿起镰刀、锄头，铲去杂草，砍掉那些乱七八糟的树，点起一把大火把它们烧掉。好看的树木竹子显露出来了，奇峭的石头也呈现出来了。站在其中眺望，只见四面的高山，天上的浮云，潺（chán）潺的溪流，飞禽走兽的遨游，全都自然融洽地呈巧献技，表演在这小丘之下。枕石席地而卧，清澈明净的溪水使我眼目舒适，潺潺的水声分外悦耳，那悠远寥廓恬静幽深的境界使人心旷神怡。不满十天就得到二处风景胜地，即使古代爱好山水的人士，也许没有到过这地方哩。

唉！凭着这小丘优美的景色，如果把它放到京都附近的沣、镐、鄠（hù）、杜等地，那么，喜欢游览观赏的人士争先恐后地来买它的，每天增加重价恐怕更加买不到。如今被抛弃在这荒僻的永州，连农民、渔夫走过也瞧不上眼，售价只有四百文钱，一连几年也卖不出去。而我和深源、克己独独为了得到它而高兴，这大概是它真的走运吧！我把这篇文章写在石碑上，用来祝贺这小丘的好运道。

第29课 后赤壁赋 苏轼

这一年十月十五日，我从雪堂出发，准备回临皋（gāo）亭。有两位客人跟随着我，一起走过黄泥坂。这时霜露已经降下，树叶全都脱落。我们的身影倒映在地上，抬头望见明月高悬。四下里瞧瞧，心里十分快乐；于是一面走一面吟诗，相互酬答。

过了一会儿，我叹惜地说：“有客人却没有酒，有酒却没有菜。月色皎洁，清风吹拂，这样美好的夜晚，我们怎么度过呢？”一位客人说：“今天傍晚，我撒网捕到了鱼，大嘴巴，细鳞片，形状就象吴淞江的鲈鱼。不过，到哪里去弄到酒呢？”我回家和妻子商量，妻子说：“我有一斗酒，保藏了很久，为了应付您突然的需要。”

就这样，我们携带着酒和鱼，再次到赤壁的下面游览。长江的流水发出声响，陡峭的江岸高峻直耸；山峦很高，月亮显得小了，水位降低，礁石露了出来。才相隔多少日子，上次游览所见的江景山色再也认不出来了！我就撩起衣襟上岸，踏着险峻的山岩，拨开纷乱的野草；蹲在虎豹形状的怪石上，又不时拉住形如虬龙的树枝，攀上猛禽做窝的悬崖，下望水神冯夷的深宫。两位客人都不能跟着我到这个极高处。我划地一声长啸，草木被震动，高山与我共鸣，深谷响起了回声，大风括起，波浪汹涌。我也不觉忧伤悲哀，感到恐惧，觉得这里使人害怕，不可久留。回到船上，把船划到江心，任凭它漂流到哪里就在那里停泊。

这时快到半夜，望望四周，觉得冷清寂寞得很。正好有一只鹤，横穿江面从东边飞来，翅膀象车轮一样大小，尾部的黑羽如同黑裙子，身上的白羽如同洁白的衣衫，它戛（jiá）戛地拉长声音叫着，擦过我们的船向西飞去。

过了会儿，客人离开了，我也回家睡觉。梦见一位道士，穿着羽毛编织成的衣裳，轻快地走来，走过临皋亭的下面，向我拱手作揖说：“赤壁的游览快乐吗？”我问他的姓名，他低头不回答。“噢！哎呀！我知道你的底细了。昨天夜晚，边飞边叫经过我船上的，不就是你吗？”道士回头笑了起来，我也忽然惊醒。开门一看，却看不到他在什么地方。

高中语文读本文言文翻译，第3页，共4页

第30课 西湖香市 张岱

西湖的香市，从二月十五花朝节开始，到五月初五端午节收市。在这一段日子里，北边到普陀去进香的人每天都有到来，嘉兴府、湖州府来天竺进香的人每天都有到来。从各地来的人，就和西湖边的人在这里做买卖，所以叫香市。

各地到这里来进香的人，在三天竺做买卖，在岳王坟做买卖，在湖心亭做买卖，在陆宣公祠做买卖，可说是无处不做买卖，而在昭庆寺最为集中，昭庆寺两侧长廊里，是没有一天不开市的。三代八朝的古董，边远地区的珍宝，都齐集在这里。设香市的地方，大殿门的两边，走道前后，放生池左右，山门里外，有屋子就有摊，没屋子就搭房，房外再搭棚，棚外再摆摊，一摊一摊，接连不断。那些胭脂，花粉、发簪（zān）、耳环、骨牌、木尺、剪刀，还有佛经、木鱼、小孩玩具等等，样样都有。

这正是在春暖时节，桃花盛开，垂柳碧绿，乐声悠扬。岸旁没有停留的船，客店没有停留的客，酒馆没有留下的酒。袁宏道写的“山色象是美女的娥黛，花色象是美女的红颜，湖上波纹象绫罗绸缎，和风拂拂象醉人的美酒”，已经描绘出了西湖三月风光；而这时因有各地香客来西湖，又是一番光景。文雅优美的士女，比不上那乡付姑娘的乔妆打扮；幽兰的清香，比不上那野草闲花浓郁的香味；琴笛丝竹的乐声，比不上那手摇鼓和唢呐（suǒ nà）的合奏；奇形怪状的古玩，比不上那泥人竹马的行情好；宋元各朝的名画，比不上西湖风景画和佛象图的畅销。人们来来往往，追赶奔忙，拉不开，牵不住，几百几十万男男女女，老老少少，每天在寺的前后左右，挤来挤去，足足热闹四个月才散市。恐怕在长江下游，除去这里决没有第二个地方象这样的罢。

崇祯庚辰年三月份，昭庆寺遭火灾。这一年到辛巳年、壬午年，接连发生饥荒，百姓大半饿死。壬午年交通阻塞，北方香客断绝，没有来到的，香市就废止了。辛巳年夏季，我在西湖，只见城里抬出的饿死的尸体，一个接一个扛抬过路。那时作杭州太守的是刘梦谦，汴（biàn）梁人，各乡各镇打秋风的好多人住在西湖边，每日包揽诉讼，把贿赂送给刘太守。有位好开玩笑的文人把首古诗改了几个宁讥讽他，诗句是：“山不象青山楼不象楼，西湖的歌舞全罢休，暖风吹来了死人的臭，要把杭州全送给刘汴州。”这首诗，可以说是西湖实况的写照。