公司管理制度中英文

2024-09-11

公司管理制度中英文(通用8篇)

公司管理制度中英文 篇1

公司信息保密规定

1.公司信息包括客户资源表、价格表、库存表、应收表、授信名单、会议记录、总部颁发文件、市场策略文件、订单信息及其他重要经营信息等;

2.公司本地员工的电脑不允许存储以上任何信息;

3.负责更新客户资源表和应收表的本地员工,只允许保有一份最新的客户资源表和应收表,并有责任确保任何其他员工不得编辑、拷贝、查阅客户资源表和应收表;

4.客户资源表或应收表在每次更新之后应给中方经理备份;

5.部门的U盘不允许存储以上任何信息,用U盘传递或打印文件之后应马上将该文件删除;

6.公司中方员工的电脑不允许共享以上任何信息;

7.以上信息由部门经理打印及签字后交由本地员工使用,在更新信息时需将之前的信息表回收;库存表当天下午应收回;

8.以上信息仅供公司员工工作需要在办公室使用,任何员工不得以任何形式将以上信息带离公司;

9.员工需妥善保管自己的信息表,如果遗失应及时向中方经理汇报;自己的信息表不得随意让他人借阅;

10.任何员工不得私自打印或复印客户资源表,价格表,库存表及其他重要经营信息;

11.员工不得私自存储,传递,泄露任何以上公司信息;

12.未经中方经理允许,本地员工不允许使用U盘,硬盘等移动存储设备拷贝公司任何信息;

13.如有员工违反以上规定,中方员工一次处罚美金100元;外方员工一次处罚美金20元+警告信,三次以上做开除处理。

REGULATIONS FOR COMPANY INFORMATION

1.Company information includes customer list, price list, stock list, customer debt, customer list of credit, meeting record, documents from headquarter, documents of marketing strategy, order information and any other important information of the company;

2.All the computers in the office is not allowed to keep the above information;

3.The one who is in charge of updating the customer list or customer debt, shall only keep one latest copy safely, and make sure any other people cannot copy and check the information;

4.The customer list and customer debt shall be given a copy to marketing manager every time after updating;

5.The department flash cannot keep any of the above information;the

information shall be deleted from flash after using it;

6.All the above information shall be printed by marketing manager and give to sales people after signature, the previous one shall be returned when you get the new one;the stock list shall be returned every afternoon;

7.All the above information can only be used in office when needed, no one is allowed to take away these information from the office;

8.The sales people shall keep your own list well and report to marketing manager if you lose it;your own list is not allowed to give to other people;

9.No one is allowed to print or make copy of the above information;

10.No one is allowed to keep or pass these information for its own purpose;

11.Without the approval of marketing manager, no one is allowed to use flash to take any information from the company;

12.Anyone who breaks the above regulations, Chinese staff will be fined USD100 per time;Local staff will be fined USD20+one warning letter per time, three times will be fired.

公司管理制度中英文 篇2

Organisations nowadays are increasingly embedded in a fast changing social world characterized by both internal and external forces influencing their actual operation.Alongside the trade liberalisation initiated via World Trade Organisation,business today takes into full swing.Nevertheless,precious opportunities bring new challenges.This is especially the case for multinational companies like Nokia.Long recognised itself as the market leader in mobile communications,the company has been persistently making known"connecting people"as its mission.Connecting people,more than just the buzz words,reflects Nokia's solid commitments to providing values to consumers,employees,and the whole community while serving as a compass guiding its future direction(Nokia's Corporate Brochure 2005)[1].

2 Nokia's External Environment Response and In-ternal Adaptation

2.1 External Environment Response

Since organisations are placed in different geographical locations and are engaged in different business activities with different customers,suppliers,market segments,their external environment is unique to them(Capon 2004)[4].At the macro level,external environment consists of such prevailing aspects as political sector,economic situation,socio-cultural domain,technological innovation,legal and ethical issue(known as PESTLE analysis).Refer back to Daft's(2004)[5]illustration,this is the general environment organisations are set under.At the industry level,on the other hand,factors funnelled down into more specific as their bearings on business performance are greater and more direct.For hitech industry like Nokia,this mainly comprises market size and movement,competitors,customer dynamics,relationship with various suppliers,and inner corporate ability in new products'research and development.

Market size and movement is one important signal.Competition becomes intense when firms are aggressively keen to expand their market share.This is possible following the trend of globalisation.For uprising firms,accessing to wider market will generate more economic return and achieve greater influence if they coordinate business well.Nokia's redirection from American market to the Asian Big Two reflects such pioneering vision.Noticing earlier that American and other high-growth markets move closer to maturity from annual turnover as well as from competitor's launch of hot-selling products,Nokia sensitively found potential in Asia's two most populous countries and focused on these markets to strengthen its leader position.The result proves to be blessing as sales went up substantially and as Nokia extended further by building factories and research centres in these two regions.

2.2 Nokia's Internal Adaptation

Consideration of broad external environment is of importance for business,but it needs to be balanced and integrated with company's internal resources and capabilities(Mellahi,Frynas,and Finlay 2005)[6].In reality,companies which can adeptly react to the outside environment usually have unique suitable internal system In order to be efficient and effective,internal environment is shaped and reshaped to form a specific corporate identity.This is revealed in Nokia's mission,its strategy,business values and as a whole the corporate culture.Committed itself to taking responsibilities to every potential stakeholder,Nokia aims at engendering customers'satisfaction through various interactive activities such as survey,focus group discussion,strengthening its brand reputation,improving employee well-being as well as motivating their performance by offering comprehensive training programmes,establishing good relationships with suppliers,and paying close attention to the social community(Nokia 2006)[2].

What the corporate stresses is not simply the prominence in its product quality,innovation and operational efficiency,but i sees employees'needs,enthusiasm and their loyalty,together with contribution to an eco-society as equal vitality.This corporate culture,in relation to strategy and environment,is noted as adaptability culture(Daft 2004)[5]in which external strategic focus and flexibility are its main characteristics.Echoing to the industry's desirability for responsiveness,Nokia's cohesive corporate culture will reinforce the overall business undertaking.Nevertheless,with the rising number of potential competitors in this industry and the shorter period in the launch of new products,the market is featured as highly uncertain.In turn,it also signifies demanding task for Nokia to coordinate on basis of its internal competencies to forge continuously sound corporate image and gain increasing brand value.

3 Conclusion

Every business organisation carries with its own social characters.Its strategy,structure and value it treasures can only make sense in its typical operation context.No strategy can be said as the best without pinpointing the nature of industry in which it is adopted.Strategies are contingency-based.Against the globa backdrop,the need for constantly judging and evaluating outside environment becomes more,not less,crucial.Nokia's developmen may offer as an insightful example in its implementation of strategy connecting with environment.Fully aware of the hi-tech industry's complex and unstable external environment,the gian makes all the more importance the differentiation of its products In emphasizing business mobility,Nokia considers business party's interests and keeps the organisation in a state of flexibility From an internal perspective,corporate resources and capability enable it to take an early move into Asia's two promising countries.

参考文献

[1]Nokia's Corporate Brochure2005.Listening to customers,seeing opportunities,doing things differently,about Nokia.http://europe.nokia.com/BaseProject/Sites/NOKIA_MAIN_18022/CDA/Cate-gories/AboutNokia/Company/_Content/_Static_Files/bout_noki-a_uk.pdf(Accessed:25March,2006).

[2]Nokia2006.Nokia global.http://www.nokia.com/A402767(Ac-cessed:25March,2006).

[3]Capon,C.2004.Understanding Organisational Context.London.

[4]Daft,R.2004.Organization Theory and Design.United States of America.

[5]Mellahi,K.Frynas,J.G.and Finlay,P.2005.Global Strategic Man-agement.Oxford.

[6]Nokia2006.Nokia global.http://www.nokia.com/link?cid=EDI-TORIAL_780(Accessed:25March,2006).

[7]Mintzberg,H.1987.The strategy conceptⅠ:five Ps for strategy,California Management Review,Fall:11-24.

透视中英仲裁制度 篇3

关键词:意思自治,仲裁的异同,仲裁的借鉴

前言

根据史料,英国在公元1347年,就有仲裁的记载:16世纪至17世纪,在东印度公司章程中,就有用仲裁来解决纠纷的条款。在1892年成立了世界上最早常设仲裁机构伦敦国际仲裁院;在1889年制定了第一部仲裁法,随后通过了1950年、1979年、1996年等《英国仲裁法》。中国现代意义的仲裁肇始于上世纪初,新中国成立后,建立了国内仲裁与涉外仲裁制度,并于1994年8月31日颁布我国仲裁制度发展史上的具有里程碑式的《中华人民共和国仲裁法》(以下简称《仲裁法》),从而标志着一个适应市场经济体制要求的、基本符合国际通行做法的仲裁法律体系的诞生。

一、仲裁组织

在国际仲裁中,通常有机构仲裁与临时仲裁之分,在1958年<<纽约公约>>就肯定了此分类,在<<英国仲裁法>>也有相应的分类。而我国在《仲裁法》中只承认机构仲裁,如第16条规定:仲裁协议应当具有下列内容1.请求仲裁的意思表示; 2.仲裁事项3.选定的仲裁委员会。而没有规定临时仲裁,这是与国际仲裁背道而驰的,与当事人意思自治原则相违背;与仲裁起源与临时仲裁,实践中有相当多数量的案件是通过它来解决的现状相矛盾的;与1958年<<纽约公约>>规定相冲突的;排除了一些案件到我国仲裁的可能性。我国当时没有规定临时仲裁,主要有以下理由一、在仲裁发展史上,先有临时仲裁,后有机构仲裁,从今后发展趋势看,临时仲裁趋向衰落;二、中国设仲裁的历史较短,只有机构仲裁,没有临时仲裁。另外,我国法律不承认临时仲裁,其实有着深厚的文化背景,它恰是5000年来积淀在中国人心底中轻视个体价值和尊严的文化传统在法律层面的体现。因此,《仲裁法》有必要增加临时仲裁。这样才有利于当事人意思自治的充分体现;有利于仲裁事业的发展。

二、仲裁庭的组织形式

根据非平衡性形成规则,仲裁庭的组成在我国通常有一名或三名仲裁员构成,《仲裁法》第30条规定:仲裁庭可以由三名仲裁员或者一名仲裁员组成。由三名仲裁员组成的,设首席仲裁员。在《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则》第5条也有类似规定,“如当事人双方对于仲裁员的人数(即一人或三人)事先并无约定而在被诉人收到仲裁通知数后15天日内又为能同意仲裁员仅为一人时,则应应命三人”。1996年《英国仲裁法》规定,“当事人可自由约定组成仲裁庭的仲裁员和是否有一名首席仲裁员或公断人”。与我国及其他大多数国家不同的是,英国还有二人仲裁庭,在这种组织形式下,当二人仲裁员不能达成一致意见时,由一名公断人或首席仲裁员参加仲裁并作出裁决。英国这种二人仲裁庭是与三人仲裁庭完全不同的,三人庭在仲裁开始就有三人组成,而二人庭,在仲裁开始只有两人仲裁员,公断人或首席仲裁员只是在必要时才参加并作出裁决。

三、仲裁员条件

对仲裁员资格条件上,我国无论是台湾地区还是中国大陆均加于详细而严格的规定,只是其严格程度有所差异大陆仲裁法对仲裁员的最基本要求没有作明确规定,但是台湾地区仲裁法却相反,它明确规定仲裁员应为自然人,当事人于仲裁协议约定仲裁机构以外之法人或团体为仲裁员者,视为未约定仲裁员,这与各国和国际仲裁立法者一般都明确规定仲裁员必须是自然人的惯例相一致,两地都积极资格方面对仲裁员提出了特殊的资格要求,台湾地区《仲裁法》第6条规定:具有法律或其他各业专门知识或经验,信望素孚之公正人士,具有下列资格之一者,得为仲裁员:(1)曾任实任推事,法官或检察官者:(2)曾执行律师,会计师,建筑师,技师或其他与商务有关之专门职业人员业务5年以上者;(3)曾任台湾岛内,外仲裁机构仲裁事件之仲裁员等;(4)曾任“教育部”认可之台湾岛内,外大专院校助理教授以上职务5年以上者;(5)具有特殊领域之专门知识或技术,并在该特殊领域服务5年以上者大陆《仲裁法》第13条规定:仲裁委员会应当从公道正派的人员中聘任仲裁员 仲裁员应当符合下列条件之一:(1)从事仲裁工作满8年的;(2)从事律师工作满8年的;(3)曾任审判员满8年的:(4)从事法律研究,教学工作并具有高级职称的;(5)具有法律知识,从事经济贸易等专业工作并具有高级职称或者具有同等专业水平的,可见,两部仲裁法对仲裁员资格方面的特殊要求旨在保证仲裁员的素质,不过,内地仲裁法更注重强调仲裁员所应具备的法律素质。另外,在我国香港地区,律师担任仲裁员是相当受欢迎的。

英国对仲裁员的资格条件在立法上不作直接规定,但要求法院尊重当事人对仲裁员资格的直接或间接约定。从两国的规定来看,我国是属于为数较少的条件严格的,而英国是属于为数较多的条件较松的国家。

四、仲裁协议

仲裁协议是仲裁的基石,是仲裁纠纷当事人真实的意思表示。我国《仲裁法》第16、18条,规定了仲裁协议的严格要求,从形式上、内容、仲裁组织都作出了规定,这样会增加当事人的工作繁杂程度,不利仲裁业的拓展:而英国《仲裁法》只要求有当事人有请求仲裁的书面协议即可,这样利于当事人,利于仲裁事业。

五、仲裁员责任

仲裁员对提交仲裁的纠纷作出裁决,对当事人具有法律效力,因此,仲裁员行使仲裁权要接受相应的监督,“在它未受到控制时可将它比作自由流动、高涨的能量其效果往往具有破坏性。” 孟德斯鸠曾经说过:“一切有权力的人都易滥用权力,这是万古不易的一条经验。有权力的人们使用权力一直到遇到界限的地方才休止。”我国对仲裁员责任规定不合理,仅仅限制在民事责任的两种情况,整部《仲裁法》只有在第34、38、58条有规定,不利于对仲裁权的监督。如第38条规定:仲裁员有本法第34条第四项规定的情形,情节严重的,或者有本法第58条第六项规定的情形的,应当依法承担法律责任,仲裁委员会应当将其除名。第34条规定:仲裁员有下列情形之一的,必须回避,当事人也有权提出回避申请:……(四)私自会见当事人、代理人,或者接受当事人、代理人的请客送礼的。第58条当事人提出证据证明裁决有下列情形之一的,可以向仲裁委员会所在地的中级人民法院申请撤销裁决:……(六)仲裁员在仲裁该案时有索贿受贿,徇私舞弊,枉法裁决行为的。人民法院经组成合议庭审查核实裁决有前款规定情形之一的,应当裁定撤销。人民法院认定该裁决违背社会公共利益的,应当裁定撤销。

仲裁员刑事责任上,1994年《仲裁法》没有规定,1997年《刑法》也没有规定。2006年6月29日通过中华人民共和国刑法修正案(六)填补了这一空白,如规定 在刑法第399条后增加一条,作为第399条之一:“依法承担仲裁职责的人员,在仲裁活动中故意违背事实和法律作枉法裁决,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。”

公司简介中英文 篇4

福建省天湖茶业有限公司成立于2000年,是在继承福鼎茶厂和茶叶公司主要骨干和技术力量的基础上成立的,集茶叶生产、加工、销售、出口、科研、茶业人才培训等为一体的国家扶贫龙头企业和福建省农牧业产业化龙头企业。

公司在创业之初就瞄准国内外市场,在国家风景名胜区-太姥山建立1500亩的高起点有机茶基地,并在太姥山周边地区发展高山茶连锁基地6000多亩, 实现有机茶规模经营,为进一步稳定和提高产品质量,公司于2002在福鼎星火工业园区建立现代化茶叶加工厂和引进先进名优茶设备,并通过ISO9001:2000国际质量体系认证,实现茶叶生产的标准化。公司主要生产“绿雪芽”牌绿雪芽有机绿茶、白茶、红茶、高山茶等六大系列,近几年,绿雪芽牌系列名茶在国际国内的各种展会中屡获好评,取得了各种金银奖项,福建省人民政府授予“绿雪芽”牌绿雪芽茶福建省名牌产品称号,“绿雪芽”也被定为福建省著名商标。

目前天湖茶业以直营专卖和连锁加盟形式,建立起覆盖全国各地主要城市的销售网络,并被国家农业部评定为农产品连锁经营重点企业。公司将继续推进茶叶与几千年的饮茶文化、企业文化有机结合,全面打造绿雪芽品牌,为福建茶业、为中国的民族企业走出一条阳光大道,让“绿雪芽”永远飘香。

Overview of Fujian Tianhu Tea Industrial Company Limited

Fujian Tianfu tea industrial was established in 2000, take advantage of the key personal and technology of Fuding Tea Factory, is the leading company in china and leading

旅游公司中英文简介 篇5

公司简介

云南五大洲大地国际旅行有限公司是经国家旅游局批准,云南省工商局注册(注册资金210万),在省旅游局办理了旅游经营许可证,由云南省旅游界数位资深专业人士投资举办的民营股份制有限公司。公司机制灵活、产权独立、管理先进、实力雄厚、信誉卓著,主要经营入境旅游和国内旅游业务。

我社拥有一批从事旅游多年、经验丰富、业务娴熟、社会关系广泛、诚实守信的管理人员,拥有先进的现代办公设施和一批有着良好敬业精神、高素质的专职导游队伍,凭借多年在云南地区形成的坚实广阔的实词接待及营销网络以及与各航空公司、酒店、铁路、车队的良好合作关系,为您的出行提供最优质的服务。五大洲大地殷切希望您的光临!愿与旅游界同仁、新老朋友共同携手再展宏图,共求发展,共创辉煌!

明明白白消费,开开心心旅游,简单的承诺却可以让您的消费权益得到最大化的保证。我们不为您提供价格最低的产品,只为您提供可比性最高的品质服务。五大洲大地是您的明智选择,我们将为您提供最满意的服务来回报您对我们的信任。

About us

Yunnan View the World International Travel Service Co., Ltd is a private joint-stock company which is invested to set up by several career men in Yunnan tourist circle.It is authorized by the National Tourist Bureau, registered in the Industrial and Commercial Bureau of Yunnan Province(registered capital RMB 2.1 Million), and transacted its management license in the provincial Travel Bureau.With flexible mechanism, unattached property right, advanced management, abundant strength and distinctive personality, the company mainly deals in inbound tourism, and domestic tourism.We have advanced modern office establishment and dedicative and quality guides and a passel of caretakers which have been engaged in tour career of many years, seasoned, faithful and have extensive social relationship.With wide and solid network of sell and client reception, good cooperation with hotels, airlines, railways and motorcades, we shall provide high grade service for your tour.We are eager for you presence.We hope to progress and create resplendence together with tourist coteries and all new and old friends!

To consume clearly and travel happily, simple promise can give great guarantee for your consume behalf.Our tourist product is not the cheapest but the most comparable.“View the World” is your sage choice, and we’ll provide you the most satisfying service to return your trust!

昆明、大理、丽江六日观光游

第一天 昆明接团,东西寺塔、文化步行街、近日楼、昆明标志性建筑——金马碧鸡牌坊。

住宿 昆明

第二天 前往誉为世界自然奇观的石林游览,参观七彩云南,乘车至楚雄。

住宿 楚雄

第三天 乘车至大理,游览白族古老的建筑及文化艺术的崇圣三塔、五朵金花取景地蝴蝶泉,古城、洋人街,乘车至丽江,漫步丽江古城四方街,您可自由细品这一人类共同遗产大研古城,四方街她始建于宋末元初,以家家流水,户户垂柳著称。

住宿 丽江

第四天 游览玉龙雪山一线:云杉坪小索道、甘海子、白水河,观赏高达5596公尺的玉龙

雪山下,再沿着原始森林中的小径走去,眼前出现一片宽阔美丽的草坪,从这里您可尽情欣赏玉龙雪山的美景,乘车至大理。

住宿 大理

第五天 早餐后乘船游览云南省第二高原淡水湖泊洱海,体验大理四景:“风、花、雪、月”,品三道茶,观白族歌舞表演,浏览南诏风情岛、小普沱,午餐后乘车至昆明。

住宿 昆明

第六天 游览西山龙门、滇池风光,逛鲜花市场,送团,结束愉快的旅程!

昆明-大理-丽江单飞单卧6日游

昆明-大理-丽江双飞6日游

昆明-大理-丽江火车双卧6日游

Kunming, Dali and Lijiang Six Days Scenery Tour

D1 pickup in Kunming.Visit the East and West Temple Towers Cultural Pedestrian Street, the

怪物电力公司中英文电影摘要 篇6

尖叫!当然是惊声尖叫!

可你还不知道吧,这样可就正中了怪物们的下怀。

在我们生活的世界之外,怪物们也有一个属于他们的世界,而维持这个怪物世界的唯一动力能源就是来自小孩子受到惊吓时所发出的高分贝尖叫,为此,怪物们还成立了自己的怪物有限公司,由这个公司中的怪物专门负责前往人类世界恐吓孩子们,从而收集他们的尖叫。

苏利文(约翰·古德曼)是一只蓝紫色皮毛、长着触角的大块头怪物,它面目狰狞,是怪物有限公司里赫赫有名的顶级恐吓专家之一;苏利文的专属恐吓助理,同时也是它的好朋友的麦克(比利·克里斯托)是一只绿色的独眼怪物,别看个子比苏利文小好几号,脾气可不小,常常喜欢自做主张。此外,公司里还有各式各样性格各异的成员,CEO(是不是应该叫“首席恐吓官”?)亨利(詹姆斯·柯博),长着蛇头、爱开玩笑的接待员希莉娅,还有专门和苏利文对着干,互相不服气的鲍格斯„„各类形形色色的怪物各司其职,运作得一点不比人类开办的公司差。

不过随着小孩子们对怪物们的恐吓把戏越来越习以为常,想得到他们的尖叫也成了一件异常困难的事,不过这个难不到足智多谋的苏利文,他带着麦克来到人类世界准备做个“劳模榜样”给所有的恐吓

专家们看看,但是没想到苏利文有违常规的做法带来了意想不到的副作用——一个两岁的人类小女孩阿布(玛丽·吉布斯)被它们无意中带回了怪物世界,几千年了,只有怪物到人间,还从来没有发生过人类来到怪物世界的先例,这下可麻烦大了,精力无比充沛的阿布将怪物世界折腾了个天翻地覆,鸡飞狗跳,连自问神勇的苏利文也拿她束手无策,而麦克本来就是绿色的脸急得更加绿了,他们要如何弥补这个因为自己的疏忽而闯下的大祸呢?

【English Summery】If you are a child , in some night , you secretly turns on the closet , actually impressively discovered is gloomy in the closet , lets the person but actually vertical monster correct use green eye peep at you , you can make what response ? Scream!Certainly is the startled sound scream!But you don not know, like this might cherish on center monsters under.Lives in us outside the word, the monsters also have to belong to their world, the high decibel scream which maintains this monster world the only power energy comes from the child frightens sends out.For this, the monsters also established own monster limited company.Specially responsibly goes to human world by this company’s in monster to threaten the children, thus collects their scream.Su Liwen is a royal purple superficial knowledge, steadily threaten big fellow monster, its appearance is fierce, is in the monster limited company

illustrious goes against the level to threaten one of experts;Su Liwen exclusive threat assistant, also is its good friend Mike is a green alone eye monster, did not look the stature compared to Su Liwen several, the temperament may not be small, frequently likes from making the position.In addition, in the company has all kinds of disposition each different member, CEOHenry, steadily the snakehead, the love are cracking a joke reception Greece Li Ya, but also has special treats with Su Liwen is doing, mutually is not convinced Bao Gesi.Each kind of all forms monster performs.But more and more becomes accustomed to along with the children to the monsters threat acrobatics, wanted to obtain their scream also to become an exceptionally difficult matter, but this difficult not to wise Su Liwen, he led Mike to arrive the human world to prepare to make “the model worker example” to have a look for all threats experts, but had not thought Su Liwen had disobey sconventioned the procedure to bring an unexpected side effect——two-year-old humanity little girl Abe accidentally to bring back to by them the monster world, several millenniums, only had the monster world.Has not had the humanity to arrive the monster world, then might trouble in a big way energy company abundant Abe tossed about earth-shaking the monster world, in

公司管理制度中英文 篇7

1.1 See the advantages through the background of the company

Tower Watson is a global leading professional services company, which owns 130 years' history, made up of the two famous consulting firms Watson Wyatt Worldwide and Towers Perrin.

1.1.1 Acquiring recognitions from global field and from Chinese authoritative third-party.

Tower Watson gets a worldwide recognition global field and from Chinese authoritative third-party, including the Best Enterprise from the Forbes magazine, and the recognition from“top ten human consulting company”ofChina human resources development nets.

1.1.2 Stable company financial situation

SinceTower Watson listed, the stability of share price and present long-term upward trend mainly come from corporate governance These all thanks to the company business and the rapid development of personnel, and the scale of long-term professional services image and customer good public praise.

1.2 See the advantages through the project experience

In the global scope, Tower Watson owns rich and successful consulting project experience and the best practice that can be widely referred and changed by organizations of human resources.In recent years, Tower Watson has consulting project cooperation experience with other 36 corporate governances.In corporate governances which have total operating income ranked in the top 10, Tower Watson has project cooperation with seven of them.[1].

In talent and reward consulting, Tower Watson is trusted by many worlds leading enterprise.It runs business with seventy-five percent of the enterprise from top 500 fortunes.Because the number of customer is numerous and the customers are from varied industries, Tower Watsons developed the necessary industry knowledge and professional skills, in order to cope with the talents and industry-specific reward issues.[2]

1.3 See the advantages through consultation tools

1.3.1 HCI (Human Capital Index) [3]

Investigating 12 countries such asAustralia, Singapore, China and hundreds of regions, Tower Watson draws some conclusions below:

The excellent human resource management is equal to well value of shareholder.In the Asia-pacific region, companies with perfect human capital management system, compared with those of poor human capital system, the former created compared the shareholder value can reach more than twice as much as the latter.

1.3.2 GGS (Global Grading System) [4]

After many years of validation by global market since repeatedly used the system, Tower Watson's rating system (global position GGS) has been recognized as can be used in cross-functional, across business, border-crossing environment, help the enterprise with internal position evaluation of effective management tools.Therefore, at present GGS has become the world's most competitive position rating system.

1.3.3 Four dimensions salary design tools of Tower Watson

Different from the market the most common1M3P (market dimension;position dimension;personal dimensions;performance dimension) — Four dimensions[5] salary design tools in common market, Tower Watson owns four dimensions of unique design tools, including:competitive salary positioning, compensation structure, risk/reward relations, performance index/standards.

2.Strategic Research on Local HR Consulting

2.1 Analysis of comparative advantage of indigenous consulting human resource

Compared with the powerful consulting company abroad, what is the advantage of local consulting company in China? Because their location, cultural background and geopolitical relations, Chinese local consulting enterprise owns the merits in grasping the society and the overall environment.They know what kind of resource the enterprise need, where they can get very clearly.This kind of knowledge on the environment and the ability of summary the knowledge are difficult for multinational companies who had just entered the Chinese market.In addition, common development experience is also a major advantage of Chinese consultancy.This experience helps Chinese consulting companies understand customers' enterprises and their members.This kind of understanding is intimate, and indeed irreplaceable.[6].

2.2 strategic choice for Indigenous consulting human resource company

2.2.1 Personnel dispatched outsourcing strategy

As professional talents in mainland, consulting companies need outsourcing in each skill areas.

(1) Service experience with highly efficient, high quality and cost advantages.

(2) Service which recommend candidates with rapid and high quality, has the ability to shorten recruited cycle.

(3) Value-added services which bring the industry leading farsightedness

3.The conclusion

To complement each other, play the congenital superiority on local enterprise status and fully cultural understand, and actively introduce and absorb advanced international management mode and methods, improve the competitiveness of their institutions of the competition in the market, drive the whole domestic human consultation market to a new level.

摘要:近年来, 在案件的这个巨大的市场——中国人力资源顾问的诱惑, 越来越多的国际人力资源咨询公司着眼于中国。中国本土的咨询公司, 也有当地的人力资源优势, 但是外国公司有一个良好的学习。本地公司要把公司大是不可取的, 因为它是一个困难的系统解决具体问题的方法。相反, 一个小而专门公司要成功, 就应将焦点放在某些行业或功能, 使当地的人力资源咨询公司迅速成长。

关键词:人力资源咨询,国际知名人力资源咨询集团,当地的人力资源咨询公司、比较优势

参考文献

[1]张宏建.对咨询公司优势的思考[J].探索与研究.2009, (1) :47~49

[2]王健.麦肯锡咨询公司中国本地化策略研究[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社.2008

[3]罗进.罗兰贝格在华咨询战略[M].复旦大学出版社.2007

[4]王晓明.咨询工具一跨国咨询公司的制胜法宝[J].经济工作导刊.2007, (11) :18~22

公司管理制度中英文 篇8

一、督导人员组成的方式不同

任命制是我国督导人员的主要选拔形式。目前我国教育督导人员的选拔方法仍以任命为主。虽然我国个别地区刚刚开始小范围聘任专职督导人员,但也不是向社会公开招聘,而是从教育行政管理部门的干部、中小学的校长、教导主任、高级教师和教育研究部门的人员中,按照一定条件严格推选。受政治体制和文化传统等多方面因素的影响,我国政府都是通过上级行政委派的方式将督导任务下达给教育督导部门,教育督导部门按上级要求和有关法令、规章制度,责无旁贷地进行教育督导。[1]

在英国,无论是女皇督学,还是地方视导员,都实行公开招聘制,并有一套严格的选拔程序。关于督导任务的实施形式,目前英国已经采取市场化管理。每年国家教育标准局将被评估的中小学向社会公布,对督导任务进行公开招标。只有注册督学才有资格投标。注册督学一般由英国政府在全国范围内招聘,一旦获得了注册督学的称号,便有接受督导任务的起码资格。“注册督学”与标准局是合同关系。为了保证督导的公正性,教育标准局于1993年还提出了在全国范围内招聘“外行督学”的决定,要求每一个实施教育督导的团队都必须有一位“外行督学”参加,从而保证督学从多个角度对学校问题进行诊断。“外行督学”通过招聘产生,并需要参加一定的督导培训,方有资格参加教育督导。

二、督导的重点不同

从督导的范围、领域而言,教育督导的任务主要有两个方面,一是督政,二是督学。我国的教育督导既要“督学”又要“督政”[2],而且在一个相当长的时期里要以“督政”为重点。督政是现阶段中国的特殊国情使然,系中国教育的现状所决定,成为中国特色社会主义教育制度的一个重要特点。1991年发布的《教育督导暂行规定》第一章总则第一条是,“为建立教育督导制度,加强对教育工作的行政监督,制定本规定”,指出督导的主要目的是督政。第二条进一步具体阐明教育督导的任务是:“对下级人民政府的教育工作、下级教育行政部门和学校的工作进行监督、检查、评估、指导,保证国家有关教育的方针、政策、法规的贯彻执行和教育目标的实现。”按此规定,教育督导对象有:下级政府、下级教育行政部门和学校。由此可见,中国教育督导以督政为主。“当前我国督导工作的重点是对下级政府教育的督导”。[2]

与我国的教育管理体制不同,英国的教育行政体制是由中央教育和技术部与大约130个地方教育局组成的两级行政机构,中央和地方的教育机构不是一种上下级关系,而是一种平等合作的关系。在女皇督学团时期,尽管地方政府自治与独立的传统日益受到中央集权政策的挑战,督导仍然是双重体制并行,中央和地方各配备自己的督学或视导员。两套体制相对独立,在工作上呈相互补充与合作的关系。中央一级的女皇督学团设在教科部内,地方视导机构设在地方教育局内。从督导领域来看,英国的督导传统上重视对学校的督导。尽管中央和地方的督导在具体分工和职能上各有侧重,但两者都以督导学校为主体工作。《1988年教育改革法》出台后,国家对教育控制明显增强,全国施行统一的国家课程和国家测试。随之,是否建立以课程和学业为主要检测内容的督导评价体制被提上日程。随着1992年教育法案的颁布,建立了全国统一的督导评价标准。教育标准局的成立,加强了对统一课程实施的监督与评价,标志着对学校的督导更深一步。

三、督导的实质不同

我国的教育督导体制是典型的监督型体制,即督导部门运用行政权力,监督、检查下级政府、下级教育行政部门和学校的教育工作是否按照中央政府的指示办事。长期以来的历史传统使我们的教育督导虽然有监督和指导两种主要功能,但我国偏重于对督导对象的视察和监督,形成了一种高高在上、居高临下的检查和监察,而缺少对督导对象的指导、帮助和服务的意识。

依督导性质来划分,英国的教育督导体制属于服务型,即这种体制虽然具有监督和指导双重性质,但以指导为主。“早期的英国教育督导也曾把注意力集中于对学校和教育工作的监督方面。如女皇督学以女皇的名义对学校教育进行监督,检查学校是否在按照工作要求进行工作,发现存在问题。”[3]后来,女皇督学在教育督导过程中逐渐重视对有关部门或人员的帮助和指导,以指导和服务为重点。当时女皇督学团的督学人员还要从事教师的在职培训工作。而地方督学更关心每个教师的成长,根据每个人的情况给予业务上的直接帮助和指导。此外,地方督学还要帮助和支持学校改进工作。在教育标准局的主要职能中更能体现以指导为主的思想。教育标准局的职责包括“帮助和指导学校改进学校的各项工作;指导教师提高业务水平,为教育决策提供建议”,“负责协调与推进教师的进修活动”等。近年来,英国教育发展的重心从重视规模的外延式发展转向重视质量提高的内涵式发展,加强了对学校各项工作的督导,特别是对教师的教学、学生的学习以及教师在职研修的专业督导。

四、督导机构层级及部门设置形式不同

我国不同时期的政府都构建了多级视导网。1986年以后,我国逐步建立了国家、省、地、县四级督导机构,形成了教育督导的网络。目前,全国31个省、自治区、直辖市都已建立了督学机构。2001年6月,97.5%的县建立了教育督导机构。各地十分重视督导队伍的建设,有些省市都由分管教育的副市长或教委的正、副主任兼任教育督导委员会主任或总督学。1998年7月,国务院规定教育督导团办公室列为教育部18个职能司局之一,教育督导机构被独立设置。但是,受传统督导机构设置的影响,又因新中国组织部门没有明确统一的规定,当前我国地方教育督导机构多数挂靠在各级地方教育行政部门内,没有独立的身份和权力,其设置形式主要有:(1)政府授权型教育督导室,由同级政府授权实施督导,但“户口”挂靠在教育局内,人事、财权和编制都在教育行政部门内,接受双重领导;(2)教育局内设督学室,由教育局管理。英国的教育行政体制是中央和地方合作制,因此,其教育督导机构为两级设置。1992年改革后,女皇督学团独立于教育和技术部(Department of Education and Skills),改设为教育标准局,统辖全国学校督导工作,成员包括首席女皇督学、女皇督学和补充督学。这样,以首席女皇督学为核心,以女皇督学为主体,以补充督学为辅助的督学人员形成新的中央督学;而直接负责具体督导工作的基层督学包括:注册督学、督导小组成员(team members)和外行督学(Lay Inspectors)。这样一来,形成国家和基层两级督导人员,前者主要负责管理监督注册督学的工作,后者主要负责对学校进行督导和评估。

五、督导法制化进程中的差距

我国教育督导尚未完全制度化,立法进程迟缓滞后,亟待大力完善。(1)曲折性。我国教育督导的法制建设先效仿日本,后学习美国,新中国成立后又“以俄为师”,之后再是“批俄批俢”,反复摇摆。(2)督导立法的滞后性和低效性。从邓小平1977年提出重建教育督导的构想,到1991国家第一个暂行督导法规(《教育督导暂行规定》)的出台,从督导思想的提出到督导的立法和实施,竟然用了14年。(3)有关教育督导的配套法规缺失。在国家颁布的一些教育法令中,与之相关的大多是仅仅提及或强调要重视教育督导和评估的制度建设。迄今为止,真正具有法律意义的关于教育督导的主干法只有《教育督导暂行规定》,与之相配套的子法较少,并且法规内容也不够详尽,表述宽泛笼统,操作性不强,因而给教育督导和评估的工作带来诸多不便。(4)督导立法不规范,缺乏权威性。我国有关教育督导的法规行政色彩太重,常以意见、条例、办法、规定等行政条文的形式出台,弱化了法律法令固有的权威,无形中削弱了其执行力和震慑力。

英国教育督导在法制建设方面,既善于继承又敢于创新,督导法制建设与时俱进。(1)有关教育的根本性大法比较健全,并能根据教育发展及时修订或更新,为教育督导法的制定和实施奠定了基础。(2)教育督导立法结构比较平衡,既有作为基础的主干法,也有很多比较完善、全面和操作性强的子法相配套,为督导和评估提供了完备可依的法律、法规。(3)立法效率较高。关于督导和评估的一系列法律或法令次第出台,整体而言,法令制定周期不长,彼此间隔时间相对较短。如以英国新时期教育督导改革为例,从《1988年教育改革法》颁布到《1996年督导法案》的实行,仅仅用了8年时间就取得了成功的改革和转型。

六、督导评估的理念不同

教育评估是督导过程中的一个环节,也是督导的基本形式。其意义在于帮助提高政府管理部门的教育管理水平;帮助改进教学,鼓励教师在教学过程中创造与试验,帮助教师使其能不断分析及评估自己的专业长处和短处,以促进专业的发展;同时,评价资料可以为教师的加薪、续聘、晋升等提供依据。[4]我国长期以来对学校的督导评估主要是“鉴定性评价”,即评价所追求的首要目的是评判学校是否达到基本的办学标准,其所依据的是统一的、刚性的量化指标。其核心理念是工业时代的标准化和规范化,基本方式是鉴定,即检查学校是否达到了既定的标准。在我国目前的鉴定性评价中,较多采用泰勒的目标导向评价模式。

20世纪80年代中后期,英国开始推行形成性教育评价,也称发展性评价、进行性评价或过程评价。这是一种新型的、面向未来的评价制度,它没有将教育评价作为奖励和惩罚的机制,评价的目的是调控和促进学校和教师的专业发展,从而实现发展教育的目标。当前,英国的督导评价是一个动态、开放的过程,它强调的不是对学校发展“最终”结果的鉴定,而是通过一贯的过程性评价保持对学校发展状况的监控,并通过这种监控获得学校教学质量的持续提高。可以说,形成性评价是英国整个评价体系乃至质量保障体系的主旋律。

从本质上认识到中英督导制度差异之深层原因,这对于我们今后借鉴英国经验从而不断完善和健全我国督导制度不无裨益。当然,借鉴并不是盲目照搬,而是在对本国的教育和别国的教育透彻研究的基础上进行的。所以,应理性审视国外的督导经验,全面检视和审省我国教育督导的运行环境和动因,方能做到合理、科学地借鉴和学习,根据本国的国情建立和健全本国的教育督导制度。

参考文献:

[1] 袁振国.中国教育政策评论2003[C].北京:教育科学出版社,2003.

[2] 金一鸣,唐玉光.中国素质教育政策研究[M].济南:山东教育出版社,2004.

[3] From Failure to Success: How Special Measure are Helping Schools Improve(1997) [M].London:OFSTD,1997.

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