环境保护部英文

环境保护部英文（精选8篇）

环境保护部英文 篇1

For cleaning environment is necessary for us to keep in mind the three items.They are reduced, reused and recycled.Reducing is the best way to protect the environment.However if you can’t reduce something we use it and if you can’t reuse it, you can recycle it.We do thing waste means shopping with environment in mind.Considered environment impact even each products before you buy it.Remember to make list what you need before you go shopping.This will reduce impulse buying.Buy in bulk which means buy in large quantities and not pack it.It’s much cheaper and it delimits small tokens and excise packaging.Avoid buy things that can’t be recycled.Second, learning to reuse is easy after you make a little practice.For example, you can reuse shopping bags by canvas bags and use them when you shop.Buy durable high quantity goods for a longer life.All the durable goods may cost a little more at first.They would save your money and help save the environment in longer.Before for anything away, think about how each item can be reused.The last of the three items that we must keep in mind is recycling.Recycling means collecting, processing, marketing and ultimately reusing material that we once thrown away.Check the yellow pages of the internet to find information about local recycle programs in your community.

环境保护部英文 篇2

Emscher Park is the recovery of an industrial area among the most degraded sites in Europe. In a post-industrial economic decline, the Ruhr region has found a new solution on shrinking becoming an icon of urban, economic, social and environmental change (Brown, 2001).

In the 1950’s and 1960’s, the industries of the Ruhr Valley have held an important role in German economic development. The gradual loss of competitiveness has led to an inevitable abandonment of sites in the 1970’s, with a consequent increase of the unemployment rate (La Belle,2001). In 1989, a partnership between the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, local municipalities and private companies promoted the IBA Emscher Park: an ambitious renewal program of an area of 115 square miles along the Emscher River. In ten years (1989-1999) IBA sponsored approximately one hundred projects that satisfy the criteria of architectural quality, public accessibility, energy and environmental conservation, social cooperation, self-organization and low maintenance costs (Kunzmann, 2004).

The IBA Initiative started with an ecological transformation of the territory through the re-naturalization of the river Emscher, the redevelopment of derelict industrial land and the reconstruction of the natural habitat. The ecological sensitivity of the design approach is exemplified by the Docklands Duisberg: a new urban waterfront that incorporates different activities and brings back the water within the city.

In the process of regeneration, the IBA also intends to preserve the industrial heritage, to enhance the value of local settlement systems and promote the cultural industries within the park to create new jobs (Arbeiten im Park). The monumental industrial structures, guardians of the memory of the work of the past, now have a new meaning thanks tothe creative reuse of their spaces. A flagship example of adaptive reconversion is Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord.It occupies the site of the former Thyssen steelworks in Duisburg-Meiderich that was shut down in 1985(Figure1).The designers Latz + Partners won the competition organized by IBA Emscher Park to transform the site into an industrial park of over 500 hectares. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the site, the project involves the conservation and reuse of most of the existing industrial structures. Through sensitive operations, a program with new uses has been introduced progressively in the area: a former furnace hosts an outdoor theater for concerts and shows, a gas tank has become a training camp for divers, a coal storage bunker is now used by the local mountaineering club. Other industrial spaces host performances characterized by international music(Figure2),a small experimental theater and a hard rock disco. The multicolored night lighting emphasizes the monumentality of the structures and it defines new landmarks within the landscape. The park is managed by a small partnership between the state, the local government and various local NGOs, and it has become an important tourist attraction for the region.

The experience of IBA Initiative represents a laboratory of ideas and approaches for the regeneration of brownfields.The long-term process of renewal adopts an experimental strategy of multi-purposed development and it is an example of top-down planning that crosses bottom-up initiatives.

Therefore, the approach is radical in the idea of sustainable and cultural development, in the selection and realization of the projects. The innovative aspect consists in considering ecology as a linchpin of the regeneration of the regional economy and in wanting to transform the brownfields in an infrastructure of open spaces and creative activities.The conservation of the industrial heritage is encouraged through temporary uses(Figure3). Events and art exhibitions take place in forgotten places becoming an opportunity for the community to meet, and then it all is consolidated in the cultural centrality (museums, theaters, cultural associations...).As a final result, these marginal spaces are transformed into new civic places.

Figure 1:Thyssen Steelworks manufacturing plant in the 1950s

Figure 2: Landschaftspark

The transformation of the Ruhr is an example of the balance between the ecological, cultural and social sustainability and the promotion of the innovation. The ecological recovery of soils, the restoration and the reuse of industrial heritage show how cultural, design and industrial capacities can work together.

The IBA Initiative is also significant because it involves various actors and especially as it pays attention to initiatives of local communities. Through the use of marketing and the media (light installations events, music festivals, art shows)and an intense work of branding, the area now has a new competitive image, strengthening the identity of the territory.

This case study proves how often these waiting sites need projects: soft operations with large-scale action are fundamental, rather than self-referential architecture.

2 Temporary use strategies in creating post-industrial identity: The case of Sulzer-Areal Site in Winterthur,Switzerland

Industrialization has always shaped sites and regions, and so does de-industrialization. Both processes involve structural transformations and conflicts between conservation and change (Oevermann, & Mieg, 2015). In the industrial heritage regeneration practice, temporary-use (Zwischennuztung) is a new model from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. When the developer's economic power is not enough to start the regeneration process or the property ownership is not clear,the temporary uses are encouraged, which could breed out the most suitable long-term adaptive reuse (Dong, & Hou,2012). Sulzer-Areal, as industrial heritage site has a tangible as well as an intangible dimension. The tangible dimension concerns the buildings, infrastructure, and technical equipment of a site; the intangible dimension concerns knowledge, practices, traditions, associations, and symbolic connotations. Furthermore, the intangible dimension includes the societal value given to the heritage site (Oevermann, &Mieg, 2015). Industrial success shapes the urban form and culture of Winterthur more than any other city in Switzerland.Historically, Wintherthur is known as a hard-working industrial city(Figure4). Due to the economic global crisis in the1930s, many industries experienced a severe drop in sales,and subsequent layoffs (Oevermann, & Mieg, 2014). However,after the Second World War, which Switzerland had survived without any damage, the country experienced a golden point for its export industries. During these years, industrial sites were hidden from the public eye by its gates. While photographs carefully documented the industrial products,there was no debate about the beauty of industrial sheds.In the 1970s, major changes happened in the industrial sector, which changed the perception of urban space and cultural values (Bartschi, 2011). In the 1980s, contrary to the decline of the productive industries, financial services sector triggered a change in social values: “American” principles of quick money replaced engineering virtues, which caused price rising in city centers (Hofer, 1999). The old Sulzer-Areal industrial sector is right by the historic center of Winterthur and its central station. Since 1834, when the Sulzer brothers built it as a foundry, this factory complex has spread out as far as the Zurich railway line, forming an exceptionally dense urban fabric, which occupies a surface area of over sixteen hectares. Even today its enormous industrial buildings and iron and steel production installations, with imposing bridge cranes on rails and gigantic diesel engines, remain intact and are an emblematic witness to the golden age of Swiss mechanical engineering (Bordas, 2006). From the 1980s,different solutions were proposed for its post-industrial future.In 1992, Sulzer invited eight international architecture offices to an architectural modification in the area of problematic existing buildings. Jean Nouvel and Emmanuel Catani won the competition from Paris, with a project called “Megalou”.Although, due to a delaying appeal by Switzerland’s traffic club against the high number of parking spaces granted by the Wintherthur administration in the 1996 planning consent,the project failed. After that, the Sulzer site was considered for temporary uses such as the following: the Architecture Department of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences(ZHAW) occupied Halle 180 since 1992, restaurants, studios,Company Offices, and recreational facilities. A rethinking of the strategy on the side of the property, which, in 2001,rejected the operation owing to the size of the investments,was required. Instead of intervening on the existing buildings,it was decided to turn them into public spaces, which had the twofold function of connecting the Sulzer-Areal sector with the rest of the city, while preserving its nature (Bordas, 2006).In the end the intervention focused on the far northeastern end of the complex, the one closest to the historic center of Winterthur and the station. Work was done on three free interstitial spaces that are clearly bounded by the presence of the industrial buildings around them. The most important part is Katharina Sulzer Platz, which connects the main road with the street that runs alongside the railway lines(Figure5). At the northern end of the central strip there are three-square pools with water that reflect the facades of the buildings. A number of chairs are scattered on the gravel(Figure6).Indeed, on the south side of Katharina Sulzer Platz the original rails are still conserved and along them a large crane, which has been restored, can move as well as a new platform that can serve as the setting for various events. Another action point is the Pionierpark; a courtyard surrounded by the oldest constructions and built on an old coal mine. Lastly, a metal drainage channel has been embedded in the paving to mark the route to the square.

Figure 3:Landschaftspark

Figure 4:The city of Winterthur,its railway network,and the Sulzer industrial sites

3 Amsterdam, NDSM shipyard hall, adaptive re-use through a bottom-up urban policy

In the late 1990 the city of Amsterdam underwent deep urban changes that contributed to the radical turn of the city’s urban policies. The northern bank of the Ij river was until the ’80s the inland harbor, and the ships construction industry site; as in the rest of Europe the sudden process of de-industrialization and industries dislocation (Arrighi,1996) led to the abandonment of these areas turning them into derelict brownfields. In the meanwhile the city center ran into processes of gentrification and real estate investments pushing out of the city center the former inhabitants, squatters and informal creative groups. In the late ‘90s there were many re-development processes that involved the devalued real estate assets of the city, and various different strategies of intervention for re-enhancing their value while trying to attract investments and wealth.

Under the pressure of the citizens, squatters, and alternative cultural scene, that claimed low rent and a more active role in the renewal of dismantled zones in general,the Amsterdam municipality decided to propose an unusual planning strategy, consisting in co-opting in the valorization processes non-institutional creative elements (i.e. those with the capacity to produce innovation) that until then had been relegated to the margins of the city. This strategy was adopted by the Amsterdam municipality to renew and boost the redevelopment of the northern Ij bank, choosing to reuse the existing building stock: this is the case of the NDSM,Nederlandse Droogdok en Scheepsbouw Mattschappij,docks area(Figure7).

Figure 5:Alongside the mobile platform there is another one,perforated at random by a series of round beds in which trees grow,forming a sculptural group

Figure 6:The central zone of the square is covered with pressed sand,square pools and a number of chairs,which recalls the rails of the cranes that crossed the space

The NDSM docks were property of the city municipality and were part of a wider neighborhood redevelopment project.The Municipality starting from the re-use of a single part, The NDSM shipyard hall, promoted the valorization of a bigger area(2sqkm) in the northern bank. The aim was to produce, through a relatively low investment, a space centered on cultural activities that would bring that forgotten part of Amsterdam back into people’s minds (Oswalt, 2013). This renewed popularity would “attract potential investors and renters and[…] allow a vibrant mixture of uses to develop”(Oswalt, 2013).

The process of reuse and redevelopment started when,in 1999, the municipality promoted a public ideas competition to support temporary uses in the NDSM shipyard hall. The competition was awarded to a group named Kinetisch Noord,a group coming from the former Amsterdam squatter scene;the building was entrusted for ten years. KN parceled the huge building to promote a multifunctional attitude toward artistic,cultural, leisure practices.

The building is a huge industrial shed (20.000sqm, 20 mt high), “generic” enough to be turned into a complex, flexible and jointed place. As in the Cedric Price utopias, the shed allows multipurpose use and a broad offer of commercial,creative and recreational services(Figure8).

Kinetisch Noord in 2000 and started to re-invent that space through the urban strategy named “Die stad als casco” (the city as a shell), the NDSM shipyard was the shell in which through open design workshops and the participation of designers, artists, activists and the civil society the whole city could take part in the renewal and regeneration of a city neighborhood. Inside the NDSM shipyard hall as concrete and iron shell, two were the main issues: one was the infrastructure, meaning water, electricity and heat supply,and the second was the partition of the shed into functional zones, small studio-boxes made out of containers with a DIY attitude, a skate park, a restaurant, actors studios and a theatre, an open space for a market (Inti, 2014).

The project could take place through the concurrence of three specific factors: the Broesplaatsfonds, a social security system to boost creative industries that sustained the people involved in the project, the availability of free/low budget space, and a support of 10 mln euros from the municipality.

The NDSM community, at first independently and maybe in opposition with the real estate market and investments produced what can be called a non-monetary value (Kiss, 2014), or better a symbolic value that in a short time generated positive externalities on the surrounding environment attracting new investments.

Metaphorically we could say that the NDSM regeneration process succeeded in producing an urban synecdoche(Augoyard, 1979), that is a part of a neighborhood becomes the symbol for the entire zone.

The NDSM shipyard hall was an abandoned space which embodied an economic potential energy (Fabian, 2012), that has been released through its productive and ecological renewal with a relatively low economic investment.

This is a case of a brownfield urban recycling, rescued from demolition and capable now of producing a low cost urban regeneration.

Figure 7:NDSM docks,2014

Figure 8:NDSM Shipyard hall,interior,2015

The production of innovations, micro-economies, creative milieu, subcultural communities and alternative lifestyles (Zukin,1989) within the NDSM shipyard hall marks the turn of a space,that was literally an empty box, into a place with new urban relevance and significance(Figure9).

The NDSM shipyard hall produced such positive externalities that the surrounding plots of the neighborhood increased their land value and became a bargain for real estate investors.

4 Conclusions

These three specific cases play a relevant role in the understanding of the renewed regeneration strategies for the European industrial heritage stock.

As we could see the issue is widespread all over Europe and elsewhere.

Nowadays, also due to the contemporary economic crisis,new strategies for the recycling and reuse are needed.

The three case studies show how challenging these adaptive reuse processes have been; their comparison highlights some common issues that are relevant for all those countries that own a devalued and abandoned post-industrial heritage stock.

One of the main issue is the evidence that when we talk about industrial heritage we are not talking just about the physical shape of the city, but instead the study of this item involves a lot of social and symbolical issues that must be taken into account.

To start with there are three main values to underline:a brownfield is portion of land that has temporarily lost its intrinsic significance but still preserves some historical and cultural values and some environmental values; thus a brownfield preserves a potential energy that can be released with the regeneration process that correctly enhances these values.

As we could observe the environmental issue was common to all three case studies, and for the Emscher site it was the trigger to start the regeneration of the site and to support the ecological awareness of the people. At the same time to preserve and enhance cultural and historical values it is fundamental to keep a social continuity, keeping low the conflict level and supporting integration. Moreover,as we could observe in the NDSM regeneration process, theemerging of new social groups, subcultural communities is the mean through which a space acquires new significance both from a spatial and a social point of view.

Figure 9:NDSM Events and installations,2010

This new significance is the first step toward the valorization, first symbolic and then economic, of the industrial heritage.

This shift from a sphere of meaning to another is reached progressively - see the long term program for the Sulzer Areal; it is achieved with the overlapping of temporary uses,flexible spaces, intensity of transformation, the empowerment of local communities, the management of a complexity of stakeholders and through participatory and inclusive processes. It is rarely the result of an architectural design,or a brief program, and generally seems not to suit the real estate investments time frame, but in the long run, as we could observe for all the three case studies, the positive externalities produced by this long time processes have a deeper impact on the economic valorization of the surrounding land.

Source of Figures

Figure 1:source from Thyssen Krupp Konzernarchiv,Duisburg

Figure 2:photo by Thomas Berns

Figure 3 :photo by Thomas Berns

Figure 4 :source from publication: Mieg, Harald A., & Oevermann,Heike. Industrial Heritage Sites in Transformation: Clash of Discourses.New York [M]. Routledge, 2014.

Figure 5 :source from website: Bordas, David B. Sulzerareal Winterthur(Switzerland), 2004. (2006)[2016-02-09], website: http://www.publicspace.org/en/works/d214-sulzerareal

Fig 6 :source from website: Vetschpartner. Landezine. (2010)[2016-02-09], website: http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2010/12/thesulzer-areal-by-vetschpartner-landscape-architecture/

Fig 7:photo by Vera de Kok(Creative Commons)

Fig 8:photo by Jip Bosch(Creative Commons)

环境保护部英文 篇3

在我国图书出版产业中，受众群相对较小、选题瓶颈较为狭窄的原版书，作为一个比重相对较小的出版板块，大形势下，出版数量呈连年上涨趋势。本文从原版书的出版特点出发，对其进入市场后的营销策略进行了简单的梳理归纳，旨在对原版书的出版和销售有所助益。

关键词：

原版书 体验式营销 草根营销 精准营销

一、原版书热销现象分析

我国图书出版产业中，受众群相对较小、选题瓶颈较为狭窄的原版书，作为比重相对较小的一个出版板块，出版数量呈连年上涨趋势。2010年8月23日，在广州南国书香书展会上，港台出版物展区人头攒动，展出的港台原版图书受到了读者的热情追捧。2011年6月，卓越亚马逊原版进口图书品类累计超过了100万种，且从21世纪初开始引进原版图书起，其销售量持续呈三位数增长。无独有偶，北京图书大厦、上海书城、广州购书中心、江苏省新图进出口公司、浙江省新华书店集团有限公司、中国国际图书贸易集团公司、深圳市益文图书进出口公司等大型原版书经营企业销售额都有不同程度的增长。一系列的事实和数据证明，原版书的出版热潮已经到来。那么，是什么原因促使原版书销售额不断上扬呢？

（一）读者主体的改变

1.外籍读者数量增加。“地球村”时代的到来使得英语成为不同国籍、不同语言的人们相互交流沟通的重要工具。在中国，外籍人员越来越多，尤其在经济文化较发达地区，各种肤色的人们随处可见，从而促使了以英文为代表的大量原版图书的引进。

2.学习应用需求不断加大。目前，我国教育体系中，英语科目的学习被学校和家长认为是最重要的科目之一，为更快的学会、学好英语，阅读原汁原味的原版书成为首选。其次，有些出国意向的人们，除学习专业的英语教材外，还需阅读一些原版书来熟知和学习国外人们的交流和思考的方式，进而为原版书的出版销售提供了一定的市场空间。

3.收藏所用。众所周知，国外的图书价格高，其中很大一部分成本费用花费在了印刷、装帧及外型设计方面。这类图书会引起国内收藏爱好者的购买。当然，还有一些购买者是囿于行业内专业性图书国内没有相关信息内容而不得不购买。

以上读者主体的改变，为出版结构的调整以及原版书引进数量的激增提供了市场诱因。

（二）出版市场环境的改变

1.图书版权贸易频繁，尤其是文学类图书的海外版权交易日渐增多。在国内翻译版本出版成为畅销读物后，引进原版书，带动其销售，形成了同一本书的多次销售和价值利益的最大化实现。

2.全媒体价值链的充分利用。融媒时代下，各媒介都已成为一个整体，常常是“牵一发而动全身”。某些电影、电视剧热播，观众会对原著产生兴趣，此时配套推出相关的出版物，其销量甚为可观。最典型的例子就是《哈利·波特》。早在此书改编为电影之前，该书就已由人民文学出版社编译推出，在电影版《哈利·波特》上映后，该书销量直线攀升，几次再版，同时，受众对于《哈利·波特》的原版书产生了兴趣，其原版书当时在当当网上售价4本将近400元。可以说，这是原版书与中国读者真正意义上的“第一次亲密接触”。

二、原版书的个性化营销策略

1.网络书店为主、实体书店为辅的体验式营销。数字化时代，网络的能量越来越大，原版书读者群大都熟知并常常使用网络，因此，原版书的营销大本营应置于网络。目前，我国销售原版书的网站有很多，但这些网站都将原版书作为一个门类，而不是主推栏目，如果不是读者自觉意愿去寻找，原版书一般不会出现在网站的广告内容中，这样的经营环境不利于原版书的长远发展。想做强做大原版书市场，不论是兼营还是专营，都需用积极的经营态度和灵活适合的营销策略去精心打造。

同时，还需通过实体书店的悉心经营和全力配合完成原版书的体验式营销。原版书的质优价高众所周知，但读者从网上书店只看到了价高，至于质优则无从知晓，这也是原版书销售的一个障碍。因此，需实体书店划立原版书销售区和展示区，为读者提供真正的实体体验。鉴于原版书的读者群范围局限，实体书店不需铺设在各城市，只需在需求量较大的地区设立即可。在装修设计及陈列方面，要区别于其他门类的出版物，务必给读者以充分、完全、积极的正面体验感受。

2.基于非传统媒体的草根营销。传统媒体是相对于近几年兴起的网络媒体而言的，以传统的大众传播方式即通过某种机械装置定期向社会公众发布信息或提供教育娱乐的交流活动的媒体，包括电视、报刊、广播三种传统媒体。通常我们又把它们称作“平面媒体”。因原版书具有个体性、独特性等特点，适用于其他出版物的传统媒体的各种营销方式往往收不到应有的效果。相较之下，原版书更适用草根营销。草根营销指与大众广告和大规模公关赞助活动相对的、低调的、民众化的营销宣传方式，其本质是利用非常规的营销手段来达到传统的营销目的。在网络环境下，草根营销越发散发出其独特魅力。QQ、微信等及时通信工具，论坛、贴吧等网络社区，百度、谷歌等搜索工具，都是草根传播最常见的网络渠道。其群体化、阶层化、高参与度的特性都为原版书的集群化营销提供了有效路径。

3.数字技术下的C2C精准营销。目前的电子商务营销手段，已从B2C过渡成为C2C。点对点，个体对个体的交互式精准营销手段成为原版书营销策略新奇的一抹亮点。在原版书进行精准营销时，简单来说，就是通过购买记录进行读者资料登记、整理入库后，将读者信息分析罗列出其可能感兴趣的原版书书籍类别，然后进行C2C的精准化营销。

与其他进行精准营销的产品不同，因原版书的读者群相对较小，所以有些在其他领域不可能完成的工作，在原版书的精准销售过程中可以实现。首先，对于所发送的信息在语言使用方面要有所区别，购买过英文书籍的最好使用英语发送信息，以使读者产生亲切感。其次，由于原版书的引进数量毕竟有限，可能会有一段时间没有信息发送，这个区间就要求店主发送不间断信息，内容要有所区别，避免官方式的、灌水式的语气和内容。再次，对于所介绍的原版书的信息罗列要准确、清晰，最好附有多角度照片以供读者查阅、选择。

结语

考虑到经济发展全球化的大趋势、人才的流动和我国出版产业的格局调整等原因，都将促使原版书的销售热潮持续很长一段时间，很可能以后原版书的销售将成为图书营销的重要组成部分。应趁其发展之初，把握方向，掌握手段，为原版书以后的发展铺设一条平坦便捷的营销之路。

环境保护 英文名称 篇4

环境保护 英文名称：environmental protection 定义1：人类为解决现实的或潜在的环境问题，维持自身的存在和发展而进行的各种实践活动的总称。应用学科：地理学（一级学科）；环境地理学（二级学科）定义2：防止环境破坏或变质的方法和控制措施。应用学科：电力（一级学科）；环境保护（二级学科）以上内容由全国科学技术名词审定委员会审定公布 环境保护，是指人类为解决现实的或潜在的环境问题，协调人类与环境的关系，保障经济社会的持续发展而采取的各种行动的总称。其方法和手段有工程技术的、行政管理的，也有法律的、经济的、宣传教育的等。

环境保护包括，采取行政的、法律的、经济的、科学技术的多方面的措施，合理地利用自然资源，防止环境的污染和破坏，以求保持和发展生态平衡，扩大有用自然资源的再生产，保证人类社会的发展。环境保护（environmental protection）涉及的范围广、综合性强，它涉及自然科学和社会科学的许多领域，还有其独特的研究对象。环境保护包含至少三个层面的意思：

保护动物英文谚语 篇5

cruelty to animals, cherish life.

2、关爱生灵，保护鸟类。

love beings, to protect birds.

3、捕食田鸡，既伤身又害命。

prey on frog, injury body and kills.

4、维护生态平衡，保护动物。

to maintain the ecological balance and protect the animals.

5、保护鸟类，保护生物多样性。

protect birds, protect biodiversity.

6、同在蓝天下，人鸟共家园。

under the blue sky, birds were home.

7、关爱野生动物，保护美好家园!

care for wild animals, protect the homeland!

8、小鸟想回家了，你想回家吗?

the bird wanted to go home, do you want to go home?

9、如您爱鸟，请去观鸟，切勿关鸟。

if your bird, please go birdwatching, do not turn off the birds.

10、保护动物就是保护我们的同类。

to protect animals is to protect our similar.

11、捡拾野禽之卵，无异于夺人之子。

collecting wild bird egg, is the son of man.

12、保护野生动物是人类更好的选择!

wildlife protection is a better choice!

13、保护鸟类保护野生动物人人有责。

everybody is responsible for protecting wild animals to protect birds.

14、动物是人类的朋友，请保护动物。

animals are friends of human beings, to protect the animals, please.

15、爱护动物光荣，虐待动物可耻。

动物保护英文演讲 篇6

Animal Protection Hello, animal protection.At the beginning, let’s ask ourselves this question, what kind of pets have I had before? For me, they are cats, exclusively.Yeah, I am fond of cat.I almost spend my childhood with cat.I can still remember their silky fur, I can still heard their sweet voice.Also, I can still touch their soft paws.They already become my family’s visible soul.But unfortunately, like the saying goes, curiosity kills cat.My last cat , with white fur, one light-green eye and the other pale yellow, left home and never to return.I can only believe that it is murdered by a butcher.And I cannot find the murderer, but I know God will punish him in the end.Not just cat, I like all kinds of animals.Some are beautiful, some are peculiar.Some are powerful, some are cute…… But somebody not.Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they are in the way.These animals are turning into souvenirs, trinkets and ingredients, for ancient medicine and delicacy.Attacks on tigers and elephants are multiplying at an alarming rate.Species around the globe such as dolphins are endangered.I cannot conceive the moment that our children look at the animals on video only and see the animals’ specimens in museum only, even to touch the animals, frozen body only.While someone do not care that!I don’t know, and I can’t believe.Why they are so greedy? Why they are so cruel? Why there are so many sly old devils? They are cold-blooded, They don’t understand my heart is wrung out after noticing my lovely cat is missing and may well be killed.I’m a student yet I know we are all part of a family, six billion strong, in fact, 30 million species strong and we all share the same air, water and soil, People and governments will never change that.Our world will be a less beautiful place without them.If don’t know how to help them, please stop hurting them.If don’t know how to care them, please stop maltreating them.If don’t know how to protect them, please, please stop killing them.Believe me, and believe you.By working together, we can make a difference.No sale no killing, when buying stops, the killing can too.Thanks.

环境保护部英文 篇7

Nowadays, English has become an international language and it has been used widely in international community. In China, from elementary education to tertiary education, English has always been set as a required course and occupied a considerable amount of time in teaching. So it is obvious for us to realize the importance of English teaching.

In the meanwhile, the rapid development of network technique and its extensive use in elementary and secondary school offer wide spaces and chances for the reform of teaching methods and models. Network teaching and related research have become an important part of educational reform in our country in the 21st century. Therefore, it is significant for us to pay more attention to study how to use network resources to make the combination of network teaching and classroom teaching, so as to enhance the quality and effect of teaching and learning.

2. Middle School English Teaching in the Network Environment

From listening, speaking, reading and writing to the specific use of language and actual communication, this is a necessary and effective process for grasping a foreign language. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the four basic skills of learning English, and they are four main segments for middle school English teaching under the network environment. The following section will state how to explore the four skills and use their characteristics to serve for the English teaching and learning in middle school under the network environment, which will optimize teaching design and improve the level of middle school English teaching.

2.1 Middle School English Listening Teaching in the Network Environment

Listening as the entry of English learning, we can’t truly grasp a foreign language without listening and its practice. We should take some measures to improve English listening by making full use of network function and its resources. First, improve English listening in virtue of internet radio. English radios in the internet have more clear tone quality and students can hear the current news and anecdotes around the world timely. Through the fresh information, students could feel the animated attraction of language. So it is easy to stimulate students’ interests in listening. In addition, we can make full use of English songs. Singing English songs is also a good way to improve the level of English listening. Some studies show that singing English songs is an ideal method to create English teaching environment. Because of English songs’ lively melody and dulcet voice, we may get unexpected teaching effects through listening and singing them.

2.2 Middle School Spoken English Teaching in the Network Environment

Language learning is a bilateral or multilateral communicative activity, which requires students to use the language they have learnt to exchange information with others. It is important for them to communicate feelings and maintain interpersonal relationship. We think the following network teaching strategies will offer great help to improve students’ English speaking ability. First, use English to organize teaching, and make a well atmosphere for English communication. As for any language, only students get enough input information can they have good output ability. Therefore, in daily teaching, it is quite significant to organize students by using English. Moreover, positive dialogue and promote speaking through talking. The popularization and maturity of network technique provides a communication platform for teachers, students, and some people from English-speaking countries. Students could find language communicators through on-line chat tools, such as QQ, MSN, and Micro blog. In the network environment, everyone can boldly choose their interlocutors, and this kind of practice will unconsciously improve students’ verbal ability.

2.3 Middle School English Reading Teaching in the Network Environment

Utilizing network resources to teach English reading is a new way to cultivate students’ reading ability. English reading in the network environment has the characteristics of wideness, sharing and immediacy. But it doesn’t mean that students could browse the websites aimlessly. The premise of English reading is to build a network resource library to meet students’ needs. The build process can be divided into three steps: First, confirm the theme. English reading in middle school should stick to the textbooks, pay more attention to students’ knowledge structure, and properly supply extracurricular knowledge. Second, search and download. As for the narrow topic, students can use search engine, but for the wide theme, students should search from classified websites. This way can avoid the trouble of the second choice. Third, integrate related materials. Not all materials in the internet are beneficial, and they have different degrees of difficulty. Materials after scientific combination could deepen students’ understanding for the textbooks. And in the course of supplying knowledge, students’ reading initiative can be stimulated and their reading ability can be improved.

2.4 Middle School English Writing Teaching in the Network Environment

Middle school English writing teaching in the network environment means to carry out English writing teaching in middle school by virtue of network technology. There are many new characteristics about English writing teaching in the network environment. And we may sufficiently use these new traits in practical teaching. First, introduce more reading materials from internet to weaken writing rules and back to the essence of communication. With the development and openness of information technology, we can use the network platform, such as BBS, to enlarge reading materials. Through this way, students can experience the sense of achievement, and their writing interests may be motivated. In addition, promote students’ writing skills by writing E-mails for E-pals. Through writing E-mails, Chinese students can make friends with middle school students in English-spoken countries. And through communicating with foreign friends, Chinese students can promote their own national awareness and global consciousness.

3. The Development Strategies of Middle School English Teaching in the Network Environment

Through surveying, a large number of teachers in middle school have paid more attention to multimedia network teaching, however, there is little substantial change in their teaching mode. At most, multimedia network replaces the blackboard, the courseware downloaded from internet and the existing English teaching software substitute for the previous teachers’ lesson preparation. Though, teachers put more contents in their teaching, but their teaching means, students’ study methods and the interaction between teachers and students are not improved. Therefore, in order to make full use of network resources, we should take some measures to solve the problems mentioned above. For example, to make a reasonable combination between multimedia network teaching courseware and teachers’ teaching style, to create a multimedia network teaching environment to improve middle school English teaching and to cultivate a new relationship between teachers and students in the network environment.

4. Conclusion

The combination of information technology and English teaching is the development tendency of new era. Web-based teaching is different from traditional face to face teaching, which constructs an ideal learning environment through effectively integrating information technology and English teaching. In this environment, teacher and students can quickly gain information and communicate with each other without limitations, which is benefit for cultivating students’ creativity and promoting students’ all-round development.

As a novel teaching mode, middle school English teaching in the network environment should adequately achieve the goal of openness, autonomy, creating the most suitable study environment for students and providing a more convenient communication mode for the interaction of teacher and students. With the deepen of English teaching reform and the improvement of English teaching mode, there is on doubt that the combination of information technology and English teaching will foster more excellent students with autonomous learning ability and comprehensive English ability, and finally it will make a great contribution to the development of our country in the future.

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英文翻译质量对英文学习者的影响 篇8

【关键词】英文翻译 质量 影响

从教育改革的大方向来看，英语在中国教育中的比重虽然有所下降，但国人对英语学习的热情不减。身为高校英文教师，笔者发现高校大学生对英文的学习通常抱有积极的状态。但无论哪种学习方法，都是在将汉语转换成英语，或将英文转换成汉语的过程中寻找突破口，因此，这种情况下，翻译就显得格外重要。甚至从某种意义上来讲，翻译是英文初学者的基础和根基。

一、译文质量的评判标准

怎样评价译文的质量呢？现代人将翻译的标准概括为：忠实、通顺。“忠实”是指忠实于原文，译者必须准确而又完整地把原文的思想及内容表达出来，不可擅自增减或改变原意，要绝对尊重作者的思想观点；“通顺”是指译文的语言必须合乎规范、通俗易懂。“忠实”和“通顺”是检验翻译质量的两个重要标准。而高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲指出，对英语专业的学生要强调听、说、读、写、译技能的均衡发展，尤其要注重说、写、译表达能力的培养。此处，“译”就是指的翻译。可见，翻译能力在高校英语人才的培养中受到了重视。

二、英文翻译质量对英文学习者的影响

本文以四川省某高校的外语社团为例，探讨一下英文翻译质量对英文学习者的影响。外语协会是外语爱好者的聚集地，英文爱好者在选择社团时一般都会选择外语协会，因为在那里不但可以交到志同道合的朋友，还可以参与编订协会的英文报纸，这对他们来说是一个锻炼的机会，更是一个提高的过程。外语协会的成员会将自己编订的报纸下发到每个宿舍，作为英语老师，笔者也通常会收到一份。他们办的报纸以英文板块为主，对于缺少英文读物或爱好英文的同学来说，这种不权威的报纸也是很好的英文学习资源。报纸有一个板块叫做生活小常识，还有一些公共场合的标语，但他们的翻译质量着实让人捏一把汗，比如“小心地滑”他们居然翻译成“Be careful of land slide（小心山体滑坡），将“不要将烟灰弹入”此处翻译成“please don't bomb into the ash here（不要将这里炸成灰烬）”。在后来的英文考试中，笔者甚至看到个别学生将上例中其中的一句写在了考卷上。

有时，外语社团为丰富社员的生活，每周日会为社员放一些经典的外语电影，全是中英文字幕的电影，对于英语水平较高的同学，不看英文字幕全靠听是可以将整部电影的所表达的东西消化掉，但对于英文水平不高的同学，不看字幕是不可行的。据我所知，很多学生都喜欢边看英文视频，边学英语。但很多电影的中英文字幕都是有问题的。比如说电影“The First Blood”被译成“第一滴血”，其实这是具有文化背景的习语，表示the first success in the contest，因此确切的翻译应为“初战告捷”。还有，“End of the World”被译为“世界末日”其实这样翻译也是没有错的，但很多学生由于不了解很容易学生理解为大难临头、人类即将灭亡的恐怖时光，而对西方人来说，它只表示伸张正义的时刻。“世界末日”之说来源于基督教，是其基本教义之一。它表示有朝一日现世将终结，所有的人都将接受上帝最后的审判：好人升天堂，坏人下地狱，魔鬼入火湖。因此西方人的“End of the World”指的是如中国人所指的是“恶有恶报，善有善报，不是不报，时候未到”的意思。

在教学过程中了作为老师常常强调学生翻译必须文理优美，忠实于原文并不等于死扣语法、逐词死译。而且，还要使译文符合本民族语言习惯，不必迁就原文语言形式，这才能达到“信、顺”统一。但由于自身水平和受英文翻译文本的不良影响，学生在学习过程中真是既迷茫又彷徨，于是在迷茫中翻阅更多的英文读物，又不慎重选择，随处看随处学，结果越学脑子越乱。

在互联网上查找英文学习资料，对英文学习者来说也是一个不错的选择。百度上随便输入一大段话，分分钟就能得到好多版本的翻译。而很多学生在生活中遇到自己不会翻译的句子，和不知道怎样用英文表达的话，就直接找一个翻译软件，整段输入，整段翻译。而不同的翻译软件给出的翻译结果却不尽相同，翻译质量也参差不齐。比如这句话“各位领导对2015年的工作提出了问题，强调了要求，制定了规划，部署了工作重点和具体措施”有道这样翻译：“The leaders raised questions about 2015 work，emphasize the requirements，set the planning，deployment of focus and specific measures”而百度翻译给出的翻译是“Questions leaders to work in 2015，emphasized the requirements，formulate a plan，the deployment of work focus and specific measures”学生在工作学习中往往会按着软件给出的翻译进行学习，也不去关注互联网给出的翻译质量是好还是坏。

所以，英文翻译的质量，直接影响英文学习者的英文水平。英文翻译质量不一的状况和翻译者的英文水平有关也和市场英文读物出版缺少监管有关。英文学习者要试着提高自己的辨别意识，选择英文翻译质量较好的读物，这样至少不会在英文学习中走太多的弯路。

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[1]于亚丽.浅析网络对英文翻译的影响[D].北京师范大学. 2013.4.

[2]陶友兰.论中国翻译教材建设之理论重构[M].复旦大学出版社，2008，12.