《红字》英文+中文读后感

《红字》英文+中文读后感（共9篇）

《红字》英文+中文读后感 篇1

Review of The Scarlet Letter(1)

Mengyan Li, Oct 13

The story is based on the colony times of America.It shows the cruelty of the law and the deceit of religion.It happens in Boston about 200 years ago.The author narrates love affairs between a woman and two men.The beautiful and intelligent young woman, named Hester Prynne, has been led from the town prison with her infant baby in her arms, and on her chest is a rag of cloth which has a scarlet letter “A” on it.The scarlet letter “A” represents a symbol of her sin and for all people to see.The husband of the punished woman, who called himself Roger Chilling worth, is an old misshapen man and a doctor.He is elder than Hester and no one knows his real name.Hester doesn’t love him at all.He sends Hester to America but he does not arrive in Boston.While Hester is waiting for her husband, she fall in love with Dimmesdale and she lead a birth to their baby.Dimmesdale is a scholar and has a high position and is highly respected by people in that town.In that age, according the law and religion, their love is sinful and forbidden.Due to this, Hester is punished by the society with a scarlet letter “A” on her chest, which considered a big shame.Facing the terrible punishment, Hester refuses to give her lover’s name away to protect him.Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality.She is always with a mind of courage.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight.He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and will not be forgiven.He is too weak to admit his sins.

红字读后感 篇2

Mengyan Li, Oct 20

When I have read half of the story, I’m impressed with the tragedy of Hester.It seems that all the desirable things happen to her.She doesn’t love her husband but has no rights to pursue her true love.As a result, the society punish her, expose her to public and ruin her reputation.But the worst thing is that her infant’s father have no courage to acknowledge them as his wife and daughter.But then she chooses live alone with her infant pearl in the town and earn their livings by doing needle.As it is put in the book: “Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment;and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul.”

《红字》读后感 篇3

她像一个被钉在耻辱柱上的天使。然而这个勇敢的天使用自己孱弱的身躯把一切承受，像一朵荒芜丛中开出的野玫瑰一般，狂风暴雨，也不低下天使的头。对于永佩在她身上的A字，她也丝毫没有畏惧，而是把字母A非常漂亮地绣在自己的胸前。从那之后，虽然每个居民都排斥她，不与她交往，仿佛这个城市要与她隔离一般，但她仍然对每一个人都献出自己的爱心，尽一切所能的帮助别人。

她可以面对所有人的唾弃与鄙视，但无法面对她与阿瑟的女儿──珠儿。就像她所说“珠儿是我的幸福！──也是我的折磨！是珠儿叫我还活在世上！也是珠儿叫我受着惩罚！她就是那个红字，只不过也具有千万倍的力量来报应我的罪孽！”珠儿像一个众目睽睽之下的有生命的“红字”来惩罚海斯特，时时提醒着她那段往事的不堪回首，珠儿一生下来就扮演着嘲笑、攻击、质问她胸前可疑红字的角色。然而这个勇敢的女性，着意打扮她的小珠儿，不仅出面捍卫自己教养她的权利，而且尊重孩子狂野的天性，努力培养她成人。

七年之后，阿瑟决定面对自己的错误，与海斯特一起在群众面前承认了自己的罪恶，最终以袒露胸膛上的“罪恶”烙印，完成了道德的净化与灵魂的飞升。红字在他们的身上冉冉生辉。

最后，她的A字耻辱渐渐的被人们遗忘，反而很多人都认为A字代表的是“天使”（angle）“能干”（able）“可敬佩的”（admirable）“前进”（advance）“艺术”（art）“爱情”（amorous）等等。最后，出于对所爱之人的眷恋之情，她不但在生前不肯远离他所在的教区，就是在他死后，仍然放弃了与女儿共享天伦之乐的优越生活，重返埋有他尸骨的故地，重新戴上红字，直到死后葬在他身边，以便永远守护、偎依着他。而墓碑上就刻这那句“漆黑的土地，鲜红的A字”。

《红字》表达了，社会现状和人类命运，探讨人类“善”与“恶”的哲理。社会力量是强大的，在现实中自然力量无法战胜社会力量。但作品却表达勇敢、善良的自然力量占胜社会力量。

英文名言带中文 篇4

2) The home is where the heart is. The heart is where you are.心在哪里，家就在哪里。你在哪里，我的心就在哪里。

3) The course of true love never did run smooth. ---Shakespeare 真诚的爱情永不是走一条平坦的道路的。

4) Senile idiots: What we call life is a - and - ten - cent store romance. 我们所谓的人生只是一篇廉价物品商店里听来的传奇故事。

5) Point to Ponder: Life is a test and a trust.思考重点：人生是考验，也是受托。

6) Peel a fig for your friend, a peach for your enemy.给朋友剥个无花果，给坏蛋抛只大坏桃。

7) One love expels another. ---Lyly 一个爱情驱除另一个爱情。

8) Life is a journey to experience to learn and to enjoy.生活是不断经历、学习和享受的旅程。

9) Never explain: our friends do not need it and your enemies will not believe it anyway.永远不要解释：你的朋友不需要它，而你的敌人无论如何都不会相信它。

10) My life is a straight line, turning only for you.我的人生是一条直线, 转弯只是为了你。

11) Love me little, love me long. ----John Heywood 爱不贵亲密，而贵长久。

12) Love me, love my dog. ----St. Bernard 爱屋及乌。

13) Make it your friend and ally, not your enemy.和它交朋友、结为盟友，而不是成为敌人。

14) Life is a tragedy full of joy.人生是一场充满快乐的悲剧。

英文自我介绍带中文 篇5

翻译：

很荣幸得到贵公司的电话面试机会，下面我将进行自我介绍。

我叫xxx，25岁，来自廊坊。

我于毕业于xx大学英语专业。

在过去的4年中，我把大量的时间用在学习上。

我已经通过了英语四六级，以及专业英语四八级。

我年轻、聪明、精力充沛。

我觉得我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。

我有很多兴趣，如唱歌、阅读和做饭。

中文地址如何翻译成英文？ 篇6

中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！

Ｘ室

Room Ｘ

Ｘ号

No.Ｘ

Ｘ单元 Unit Ｘ

Ｘ号楼 Building No.Ｘ

Ｘ街

Ｘ Street

Ｘ路

Ｘ Road

Ｘ区

Ｘ District

Ｘ县

Ｘ County

Ｘ镇

Ｘ Town

Ｘ市

Ｘ City

Ｘ省

Ｘ Province

请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。

中文地址翻译范例：

宝山区示范新村37号403室

Room 403, No.37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District

虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室

Room 201, No.34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District

473004河南省南阳市中州路42号 李有财

Li Youcai

Room 42

好东西，尽在大家网

Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City

Henan Prov.China 473004

434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店 李有财

Li Youcai

Hongyuan Hotel

Jingzhou city

Hubei Prov.China 434000

473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司 李有财

Li Youcai

Special Steel Corp.No.272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City

Henan Prov.China 473000

528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财

Li Youcai

Room 702, 7th Building

Hengda Garden, East District

Zhongshan, China 528400

361012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室 李有财

Li Youcai

Room 601, No.34 Long Chang Li

Xiamen, Fujian, China 361012

361004厦门公交总公司承诺办 李有财

好东西，尽在大家网

Mr.Li Youcai

Cheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong Si

Xiamen, Fujian, China 361004

266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲 李有财

Mr.Li Youcai

NO.204, A, Building NO.1

The 2nd Dormitory of the NO.4 State-owned Textile Factory

Kaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042

社会实践大纲中文英文 篇7

1.1 propose a suitable work-based topic which relates to a chosen area of study

列一个题目（一定与实习相关），其内容涵盖你的专业（这一点要经过课任老师同意）

1.2 document a proposed schedule for the agreed topic

学生先自己制定一个时间表（以周为单位）。实习时间不能少于120小时。

1.3 discuss the topic and schedule with work and academic supervisors and amend as appropriate

学生针对实践题目及时间表，与实习指导老师及课程老师一起讨论，最终要师生意见一致。

1.4 identify resources required and necessary support procedures.学生要提供相关证据资料：如：实习经费，联系方式，协议或合同，最好有与实习单位的合影照片（M或D的标准）。Keep a detailed work Logbook

2.1 record work undertaken in a systematic manner

按照1.2的时间表，详细全面的记录每天的工作日志（流水账），记录的时间段按照学生自己的时间表进行，最少要有10记录（Pass标准）。如果时间短，就每天都记录，如果时间长，就按照三天或周记录。

2.2 record and, where appropriate, tabulate observations and results

将事迹及实习成果结合文字详细描述出来（P标准），如果制定恰当的表格（M或D标准）。

如成绩高的表格，最好一个事件列一个表格，包括时间，地点，人物，事件。

2.3 list materials used and, where appropriate, instrument settings and conditions 描述实习条件与工作环境

如：实习地点，实践材料，实习工厂或药店等的规模，仪器设备，设施，你工作的空间大小，工厂或药店等的开办时间多久？业务量大小？主要经营什么？ 3 Undertake an extended workbased practical investigation

3.1 work safely conforming to codes of practice and complete and record all safety and COSHH requirements

对工作环境进行安全评价，实习单位有哪些安全操作流程或规定？（如你们出行的时间，范围，药店或工厂本身制定的安全操作流程，着装等等），最好阐明实践过程中有哪些潜在的安全隐患（M或D标准）？ 并保证或说明你是怎么遵守这些安全规则的？

3.2 complete an investigation involving substantial independent work

将自己在实习单位中的独立承担的职责，任务，最少用300字描述出来，如果是几个人在同一个工厂的，要严格区分你们每个人的具体任务。Report the investigation in the form of a scientific report

4.1present a scientific report of the investigation of 4000 to 6000 words(至少四页纸)

4.2 use accepted formats for scientific reports

4.3 report the work undertaken completely and concisely

4.4 draw conclusions from the results obtained

实习报告格式：

一：题目

二：Abstract:摘要

实践的地点，时间，主要内容或任务，结果（用最简练的话概括出来，注意与后面的结果描述部分分开，不要太哆嗦，限200字以内）

三：Introduction and objectives: 实习背景与目的意义（结合教学专业实习）训练你的什么技能？学会哪些你不熟或不知的操作技能？你学会了什么？或者对你已经掌握的技术，想通过此次实习再次熟练并展现出来。四：Results:实习结果

结合时间表及实习任务，进行描述，一定要将原始数据或结果用图表列出，五：discussion 讨论与结论

得到了哪些启发？（或者将第四部分与第五部分合在一块写）

结合3.3 agree and execute shared work as appropriate一起完成这部分

阐述你与同事如何协作完成任务，如：如何帮助别人，别人又怎么帮助你，遇到

意见分歧时，你们通过什么方式达成一致的（是私下讨论？还是求助上级？或者自己通过查资料形式解决问题）？

六：Reference and Bibliography:参考文献或书目

Alist of references recorded in the manner agreed with the academic supervisor 七：Appendices:附录

附录1 时间表（P）

附录2 单位的某些规章制度等（P）

附录3，4…….所有学生想提供的其它与实习相关的现场或原始数据资料。包括笔记本，照片，录像等（M有或D整理的特别有条理）Make an oral presentation

通过幻灯片，录音，照片或录像完成这部分。讲15-20分钟，主要内容结合实习结果及讨论、结论部分。这部分由学生打分及老师给分共同完成。学生由8人一组，但每个人都要讲，老师主要根据提供的资料给分。

中文菜单英文译法-译语国际 篇8

白菜心拌蜇头 ：Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette白灵菇扣鸭掌 ：Mushrooms with Duck Feet

拌豆腐丝 ：Shredded Tofu with Sauce

白切鸡 ：Boiled Chicken with Sauce

拌双耳 ：Tossed Black and White Fungus

冰梅凉瓜 ：Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce

冰镇芥兰 ：Chinese Broccoli with Wasabi

朝鲜辣白菜 ：Korean Cabbage in Chili Sauce

朝鲜泡菜 ：Kimchi

陈皮兔肉 ：Rabbit Meat with Tangerine Flavor

川北凉粉 ：Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce

刺身凉瓜 ：Bitter Melon with Wasabi

豆豉多春鱼 ：Shisamo in Black Bean Sauce

夫妻肺片 ：Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce

干拌牛舌 ：Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce

干拌顺风 ：Pig Ear in Chili Sauce

怪味牛腱 ：Spiced Beef Shank

红心鸭卷 ：Sliced Duck Rolls with Egg Yolk

姜汁皮蛋 ：Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce

酱香猪蹄 ：Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce

酱肘花 ：Sliced Pork in Soy Sauce

金豆芥兰 ：Chinese Broccoli with Soy Beans

韭黄螺片 ：Sliced Sea Whelks with Hotbed Chives

老北京豆酱 ：Traditional Beijing Bean Paste

老醋泡花生 ：Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegar

凉拌金针菇 ：Golden Mushrooms and Mixed Vegetables凉拌西芹云耳 ：Celery with White Fungus

卤水大肠 ：Marinated Pork Intestines

卤水豆腐 ：Marinated Tofu

卤水鹅头 ：Marinated Goose Heads

卤水鹅翼 ：Marinated Goose Wings

卤水鹅掌 ：Marinated Goose Feet

卤水鹅胗 ：Marinated Goose Gizzard

卤水鸡蛋 ：Marinated Eggs

卤水金钱肚 ：Marinated Pork Tripe

卤水牛腱 ：Marinated Beef Shank

卤水牛舌 ：Marinated Ox Tongue

卤水拼盘 ：Marinated Meat Combination

卤水鸭肉 ：Marinated Duck Meat

萝卜干毛豆 ：Dried Radish with Green Soybean

麻辣肚丝 ：Shredded Pig Tripe in Chili Sauce

美味牛筋 ：Beef Tendon

蜜汁叉烧 ：Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork

明炉烧鸭 ：Roast Duck

泡菜什锦 ：Assorted Pickles

泡椒凤爪 ：Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers

皮蛋豆腐 ：Tofu with Preserved Eggs

乳猪拼盘 ：Roast Suckling Pig

珊瑚笋尖 ：Sweet and Sour Bamboo Shoots

爽口西芹 ：Crispy Celery

四宝烤麸 ：Marinated Bran Dough with Peanuts and Black Fungus

松仁香菇 ：Black Mushrooms with Pine Nuts

蒜茸海带丝 ：Sliced Kelp in Garlic Sauce

跳水木耳 ：Black Fungus with Pickled Capsicum

拌海螺 ：Whelks and Cucumber

五彩酱鹅肝 ：Goose Liver with White Gourd

五香牛肉 ：Spicy Roast Beef

五香熏干 ：Spicy Smoked Dried Tofu

五香熏鱼 ：Spicy Smoked Fish

五香云豆 ：Spicy Kidney Beans

腌三文鱼 ：Marinated Salmon

盐焗鸡 ：Baked Chicken in Salt

盐水虾肉 ：Poached Salted Shrimps Without Shell

糟香鹅掌 ：Braised Goose Feet in Rice Wine Sauce

酿黄瓜条 ：Pickled Cucumber Strips

米醋海蜇 ：Jellyfish in Vinegar

卤猪舌 ：Marinated Pig Tongue

三色中卷 ：Squid Rolls Stuffed with Bean, Ham and Egg Yolk

蛋衣河鳗 ：Egg Rolls Stuffed with Eel

盐水鹅肉 ：Goose Slices in Salted Spicy Sauce

冰心苦瓜 ：Bitter Melon Salad

五味九孔 ：Fresh Abalone in Spicy Sauce

明虾荔枝沙拉 ：Shrimps and Litchi Salad

五味牛腱 ：Spicy Beef Shank

拌八爪鱼 ：Spicy Cuttlefish

鸡脚冻 ：Chicken Feet Galantine

香葱酥鱼 ：Crispy Crucian Carp in Scallion Oil

蒜汁鹅胗 ：Goose Gizzard in Garlic Sauce

黄花素鸡 ：Vegetarian Chicken with Day Lily

姜汁鲜鱿 ：Fresh Squid in Ginger Sauce

桂花糯米藕 ：Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Sweet Sticky Rice

卤鸭冷切 ：Spicy Marinated Duck

松田青豆 ：Songtian Green Beans

色拉九孔 ：Abalone Salad

凉拌花螺 ：Cold Sea Whelks with Dressing

素鸭 ：Vegetarian Duck

酱鸭 ：Duck Seasoned with Soy Sauce

麻辣牛筋 ：Spicy Beef Tendon

醉鸡 ：Liquor-Soaked Chicken

可乐芸豆 ：French Beans in Coca-Cola

桂花山药 ：Chinese Yam with Osmanthus Sauce

豆豉鲫鱼 ：Crucian Carp with Black Bean Sauce

水晶鱼冻 ：Fish Aspic

酱板鸭 ：Spicy Salted Duck

烧椒皮蛋 ：Preserved Eggs with Chili

酸辣瓜条 ：Cucumber with Hot and Sour Sauce

五香大排 ：Spicy Pork Ribs

三丝木耳 ：Black Fungus with Cucumber and Vermicelle

酸辣蕨根粉 ：Hot and Sour Fern Root Noodles

小黄瓜蘸酱 ：Small Cucumber with Soybean Paste

拌苦菜 ：Mixed Bitter Vegetables

蕨根粉拌蛰头 ：Fern Root Noodles with Jellyfish

老醋黑木耳 ：Black Fungus in Vinegar

清香苦菊 ：Chrysanthemum with Sauce

琥珀核桃 ：Honeyed Walnuts

杭州凤鹅 ：Pickled Goose, Hangzhou Style

香吃茶树菇 ：Spicy Tea Tree Mushrooms

琥珀花生 ：Honeyed Peanuts

葱油鹅肝 ：Goose Liver with Scallion and Chili Oil

拌爽口海苔 ：Sea Moss with Sauce

巧拌海茸 ：Mixed Seaweed

蛋黄凉瓜 ：Bitter Melon with Egg Yolk

龙眼风味肠 ：Sausage Stuffed with Salty Egg

水晶萝卜 ：Sliced Turnip with Sauce

腊八蒜茼蒿 ：Crown Daisy with Sweet Garlic

香辣手撕茄子 ：Eggplant with Chili Oil

酥鲫鱼 ：Crispy Crucian Carp

水晶鸭舌 ：Duck Tongue Aspic

卤水鸭舌 ：Marinated Duck Tongue

香椿鸭胗 ：Duck Gizzard with Chinese Toon

卤水鸭膀 ：Marinated Duck Wings

香糟鸭卷 ：Duck Rolls Marinated in Rice Wine

盐水鸭肝 ：Duck Liver in Salted Spicy Sauce

水晶鹅肝 ：Goose Liver Aspic

豉油乳鸽皇 ：Braised Pigeon with Black Bean Sauce

酥海带 ：Crispy Seaweed

脆虾白菜心 ：Chinese Cabbage with Fried Shrimps

香椿豆腐 ：Tofu with Chinese Toon

拌香椿苗 ：Chinese Toon with Sauce

糖醋白菜墩 ：Sweet and Sour Chinese Cabbage

姜汁蛰皮 ：Jellyfish in Ginger Sauce

韭菜鲜桃仁 ：Fresh Walnuts with Leek

花生太湖银鱼 ：Taihu Silver Fish with Peanuts

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧 篇9

首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。

二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。

另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。

正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。

一、词义的选择和引伸技巧

英 汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不 同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手：

1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义

They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。 (形容词)

He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。 (动词)

Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。 (名词)

2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。

He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。

He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。

This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。

词 义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表 达原意，甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引伸，引伸时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。

1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。

The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。

2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。

The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高，把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。

3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。

Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

二、词类转译技巧

在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。

1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。

The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way .

植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。 (名词转译)

As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。

The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.

我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。 (动词转译)

The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded .

医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。 (形容词转换)

3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。

It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.

使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。 (作表语的名词转译)

The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man .

太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。 (副词转译)

4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。

When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。 (名词转译)

三、汉译的增词技巧

英译汉时，按意义上、修辞上或句法上的需要加一些词，使译文更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容;但是，增加的并不是无中生有，而是要增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词，这是英译汉中常用的的技巧之一。增词技巧一般分作两种情况。

1、根据意义上或修辞上的需要，可增加下列七类词。

Flowers bloom all over the yard .朵朵鲜花满院盛开。 (增加表示名词复数的词)

After the banquets ,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitor ,he went home tiredly .在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他疲倦地回到了家里。 (增加动词)

He sank down with his face in his hands .他两手蒙着脸，一屁股坐了下去。 (增加副词)

I had known two great social systems .那是以前，他就经历过两大社会制度。 (增加表达时态的词)

As for me ,I didn’t agree from the very beginning .我呢，从一开始就不赞成。 (增加语气助词)

The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers ,artificial satellites and rockets .本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就。 (增加概括词)

2、根据句法上的需要增补一此词汇。

Reading makes a full man ;conference a ready man ;writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确.(增补原文句子中所省略的动词)

All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.

大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯有重量。 (增补被动句中泛指性的词)

四、正反、反正汉译技巧

正反、反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式，采用变换语气的办法处理词句，把肯定的译成否定的，把否定的译成肯定的。运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求，且不失原意。这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述。

1、肯定译否定

The above facts insist on the following conclusions .上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。

2、否定译肯定

She won’t go away until you promise to help her .她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。

3、双否定译肯定

There can be no sunshine without shadow有阳光就有阴影。

但是，如果翻译时保留英语原来的“否定之否定”的形式并不影响中文的流畅时，则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气。如He is not unequal to the duty .他并非不称职。

4、正反移位

I don’t think he will come .我认为他不会来了。

5、译为部分否定

Not all minerals come from mines .并非所有矿物都来自矿山。

Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.不是两种物质都溶于水。

五、汉译的重复技巧

重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧。由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同，重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同，大致可分为三种。

1、为了明确

I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备了故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障(重复名词)

Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes ice at C and steam at 100C.

在常压下，水在摄氏零度时变成冰，在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。 (重复动词)

A locality has its own over-all interest ,a nation has another and the earth get another.

一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局，一个地球有一个地球的全局(重复谓语部分)

2、为了强调

He wandered along the street ,thinking and thinking brooding and brooding.

他在街头游来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。

3、为了生动

While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light . they are really enormous bodies.

星星和星云看起来只是斑点点，或者是小片的光，但它们确实是巨大的天体。

六、倒译技巧

英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别，因此英译汉时作些调整，颠倒一下顺序，则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧，这种翻译技巧共分五种类型。

1、复合句倒译技巧。复合句倒译可分为部分倒译和完全倒译两种技巧。

This university 6 newly _established faculties ,namely .Electronic Computer ,High Energy Physics ,Laser ,Geo-physics ,Remote Sensing, and Genetic Engineering.

这所大学现在有电子计算机、高能物理、激光、地球、物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新建的专业。 (部分倒译)

Many laws of nature actually exist in nature though they have not yet been discovered.

虽然许多自然规律还没被发现，但是它们确实在自然界中存在。 (完全倒译)

2、被动句倒译的技巧。被动句倒译时，有时可将被动句倒译成主动句，有时可将状语倒译成主语。

The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot see it.

虽然我们看不见原子结构，但能准确地描述它。 (被动句倒译成主动句)

Table tennis is played all over China .中国到处都打乒乓球。 (状语倒译成主语)

3、以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分倒译技巧。能引起这种倒译的副词有no ,never ,hardly ,no longer . in no way ,not until ,not even ,only等。

Never before have I read such an interesting book .我从来没有读过这样有趣的书。

4、带有介词短语句子的部分倒译技巧

These date will be of some value in our research work .

这些资料对于我们的研究工作有些价值。

5、习语的倒译技巧。习语的倒译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序倒译和从轻重上加以区分进行倒译以及逆时间顺序进行倒译三种技巧。

For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat , fertile ,North China Plain ,which is densely populated.

黄河最后的六百英里，向东流过平坦肥沃、人口密集的华北平原。 (按照汉语的固定顺序倒译)

Heal the wounded ,rescue the dying ,practice revolutionary humanitarianism.

救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。 (以轻重上区分进行倒译)

We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand .我们必须眼疾手快。 (逆时间顺序倒译)

七、句子成份的转译技巧

英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，在具体英译汉时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧，其内容和形式都比较丰富，运用范围也相当广泛，共包括五个方面的内容。

1、主语转译技巧，可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语、宾语、状语等。

The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.

机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。 (转译成定语)

To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed.

为了使火箭各级全部离开地面，需要有一个巨大的第一次推力。 (转译成宾语)

Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly.

因为机械的缘故，工厂里出的产品比起以前来，价格便宜多了。 (转译成状语)

2、谓语转译技巧。可以将谓语转译成定语。

Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight .雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为相同。

3、宾语转译技巧。可以将宾语转译成主语。

Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but apper in a varitety of forms.

各种自动车床的作用基本相同，但形式不同

4、定语转译技巧。定语可以转译成谓语和状语。

Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.

中子的质量略大于质子的质量。 (转译成谓语)

Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books ,epuipment and assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research.

现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手，以保证科研工作的成功。 (转译成状语)

5、状语转译技巧。状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译。它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句，把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式。

These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white .

红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。 (时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)

Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen.

如果光束通道上没有东西，就什么也看不到。 (地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句)

Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.

他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持已见。 (原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句)

八、分句、合句汉译技巧

英 译汉时，由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的 一种重要技巧。所谓分句，就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;所谓合名，就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单 句。运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明，更合乎于汉语的表达习惯。分句流译的技巧共分五种类型，合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。先谈谈分句汉 译技巧的五种类型。

1、主语分句汉译技巧。

A man spending twelve days on the moon would find ,on returning to the earth ,that a year had passed by already.

一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天，回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。

2、谓语分句汉译技巧。

It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.

不言而喻，氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。

3、定语分句汉译技巧

He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.

他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。

4、状语分句汉译技巧

Sunrays filtered in wherever they could ,driving out darkness and choking the shadows.

阳光射入了它所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。

5、同位语分句汉译技巧。

Mary normally a timid girl ,argued heated with them about it.

玛丽平常是个腼腆的姑娘，现在也热烈地和他们辩论起来。

翻译资格考试三级口译模拟题

1. The average age of people in the countryside is increasing， while that of the cities is falling. More old people stay in the countryside than young people and the opposite is true in the cities.

译文：农村人口的平均年龄正处于上升趋势，而在城市却正好相反。原因是在农村老年人要比年轻人多，城市正好相反。

解析：本句难度适中，只需要按照句子的逻辑顺序将句子信息陈列出来即可。此外，本句无明显生词。

2. One important reason for the move to cities has to do with quality of life issues： comfort and convenience. For example， most of us would like our children to receive the better education， and cities often offer better schools.

译文：“进城热”与生活水平问题息息相关。人们向往城市舒适方便的生活。就像我们大部分人都想子女能够接收到更好的教育，而城市通常就有教育质量更好的学校。

解析：在做本句翻译时需要注意在前半句适当地增译一些信息，如在comfort and convenience 处需要加上move to the cities的主语“人们”。后半句难度不大，直译即可。

3. Most burglars are opportunist， looking for an easier break-in. So don’t make things simply for them. Don’t advertise the fact that you are out or away， or be careless about security.

译文：大部分的窃贼都是投机分子，他们会寻找最方便快捷的“翻.墙入室”的机会。所以不要给他们可乘之机。不要嚷嚷着让别人都知道你不在家，也不要太马虎大意而忽略了安全问题。

解析：本句句型不复杂，需要注意几个词语的译法，如opportunist本来是“机会主义者”，在这里用于形容burglars身上，需要相应地翻译成贬义词“投机分子”;此外，don’t make things simply for them可以用成语“可乘之机”概括，这些需要同学平时多做翻译练习积累，在会在临考时马上反应出来。

4. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and the University of Iceland said ash particles from the early part of the volcanic eruption are especially abrasive， posing a possible threat to aircraft engines.

译文：来自哥本哈根大学和冰岛大学的研究者们表示早些时候火山爆发遗留的火山灰摩擦度非常高。这可能对飞机的引擎产生威胁。

解析：本句句型简单，但生词较多，需要考生抓注意些重点词汇理解。如：volcanic eruption 是表示“火山爆发”， abrasive 表示“磨损的”。考生在遇到不会的单词时也不用过于慌张，一般句子中包含大量专业词汇句意都比较简单，可凭上下文进行推测。

5. Lack of sanitation leads to wide spread of contamination of drinking water. Recent statistics say water-associated infectious diseases claim up to 3.2million lives each year， approximately 6 percent all death globally.

译文：不注意环境卫生会导致饮用水大规模受污染。近期的数据显示与饮用水有关的可传染性疾病每年可导致320万人失去生命，这个数字接近每年全球死亡人数的6%。

解析：本句的主题是高口中常考的环境问题，全句无复杂结构，考生需要保证数字听译的准确性。本句中有出现两处数字，要求考生掌握数字速记的方法。

contamination ：污染

infectious ：传染的，有传染性的

approximately ：大约

20翻译资格考试三级口译模拟题

The term “American dream” is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question： is the American dream a myth or a reality today?

The term “American dream” began to be widely used in 1867. The term was used in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel， Ragged Dick， was a “rags to riches” story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies， worked very hard， and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could succeed in America if they were honest， worked hard， and showed determination to succeed. No matter what your background， no matter where you were from， no matter if you had no money or no family， hard work and perseverance would always lead to success.

Today， the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs， or more financial security， or ownership of land or a home.

However， new versions and variations of the American dream have surfaced since Alger’s novel was published. For one thing， the basic definition I stated a moment ago — the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve their lifestyle — also suggests that each generation wants more than the previous generation had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire to improve the quality of one’s life may have started out on a smaller scale in the past， but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism.

Another more benign view of the American dream is that it is about the desire to create opportunities for ourselves， usually through hard work. A hallmark of the American dream， some would argue， is the classic “self-starter，” the person who starts out with very little in life—little money， few friends， few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classic example of this type of American dreamer would be former president Abraham Lincoln， who was born in a log cabin， was largely self-educated， and yet worked his way up in the world to eventually become a United States president.

This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrants and their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long been fascinated by immigrant stories， and many feel great pride about their own families who may have come from other countries， worked very hard， and created a better life for future generations.

The American dream has also， historically， been associated with westward expansion in this country. Throughout most of the 1800s， the notion of the frontier—a vast expanse of largely unclaimed land in the West—symbolized new opportunities and a fresh start to people. Many a dreamer set off for the West in search of land， jobs， gold， or other opportunities， often with next to nothing in his pocket. Unfortunately， this idea of new opportunities in the West had a negative side.

The American West was not unpopulated; Native American Indians already lived there， along with other immigrant groups， and these people were often displaced — or met with violence — if they interfered with the visions or ideas of westward-migrating Americans.

A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Junior， used some of the rhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equal opportunities for all Americans， not just some Americans. A harsh reality was becoming clear to some people， especially in the 1960s and 1970s： not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs， education， or other opportunities because of their race， ethnic background， or gender， was the American dream only a myth?