12月份四级考试题作文范文

12月份四级考试题作文范文（共8篇）

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇1

2014年6月的已经告一段落，从考试汇总可知作文可以说是考试的重难点，也是让考生最头疼的内容，作文除了需要我们有一定的词汇积累，也需要我们不间断的练习，练习多了才能熟能生巧，才能下笔成章，下面来一起练习一下这篇四级作文吧，希望考生能够更好地为12月份的四六级考试提前做好准备。

Directions: Write a composition entitled Complaint About Noise.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

与你住在同一栋楼里的邻居经常在夜间发出噪音，影响了你和周围 其他人的休息，请给他(她)写一封信，说明你的理由，同时要求对方 停止上述行为。

【经典范文】

Complaint About Noise

June 18, 2010

Dear Sir or Madam,I am your neighbor living downstairs in the same building.lamjwriting you to complain of the noise you make during the night.Recently the noise during the night disturbed my rest.Almost every night, there comes some noise from your apartment just as I go to bed and am on my way to a dream.I wonder what the noise is.Are you repairing your furniture? Are you doing physical exercises? Whatever you do at that time of the night, you have to take your neighbors’ rest into consideration.In a word, you are disturbing both your other neighbors and me.I heard you are always a friendly and considerate neighbor.Please stojp making noise at night.Thank you.Take care.Yours friendly neighbor

【重点词汇】

I am writing you to complain of...take...into consideration 将我写信投诉…… 考虑进去 disturb v.打扰 in a word 总之 on my way to a dream 即将入睡 considerate adj.考虑周到的take care请注意

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇2

网友回忆，2015年12月英语四级考试作文题目为：做一个行动派

In this section, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay commenting on the saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen.” You can cite examples to ilustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

以下为四级作文参考范文

As a famous saying goes， “Never go out there to see what happens， go out there to make something happen。” Simple as the saying is， its meaning is profound and thought-provoking， which is meant to tell us that we are supposed to be creative instead of acting as the onlooker。

Conspicuous are the impacts of being creative and I would like to explore the following aspects。 To begin with， it is to leading a team to make constant progress what water is to fish， which can be best illustrated by an example concerning an extraordinary basketball player， Yao Ming。 Moreover， this kind of innovation also makes it possible for a nation to promote its international status and improve the comprehensive competitiveness。

From my perspective， keeping creative is so essential that adequate importance must be attached to it。 Only when we literally realize the key role it plays can we become better selves in the foreseeable future。

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12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇3

株洲云龙示范区学林公办幼儿园中班保育老师

12月份虽寒风阵阵，但我对工作的激情不减丝毫，下面是我对本月工作做出的几点总结：

一、管理班级

因本月幼儿园有大型比赛活动，其他老师要参加排练，有几天班上只有我一人，我是打起十二分精神，管理好班级。作为保育老师我既为幼儿创造了一个干净的学习生活环境，也想尽办法让幼儿在有益的游戏中快乐的度过这特殊的几天。

二、业务学习

经过一个多月的适应，我对保育老师的基本职责有了全面的了解，但我依然会虚心向其他老师求教，不断提升自我。

三、保育工作

1.每天我都早早来到教室，做好地面、桌面等处的消毒工作。2.及时清理厕所地面积水，以防幼儿摔倒。

3.在午餐时，针对挑食的孩子，给予鼓励和诱导，逐步培养幼儿良好的进餐习惯。

4.在午睡时，及时给幼儿盖好被子，及时调整幼儿的睡姿。

四、安全工作

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇4

Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience.The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps __1__ the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, __2__ reading material and giving out __3 __.The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and __4__ what to write.Very often the student leaves the lecture __5__ notes which do not catch the main points and __6__ become hard even for the __7__ to understand.Most institutions provide courses which __8__ new students to develop the skills they need to be __9__ listeners and note-takers.__10__ these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which __11__ learners to practice these skills __12__.In all cases it is important to __13__ the problem __14__ actually starting your studies.It is important to __15__ that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills __16__ in college study.One way of __17__ these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the __18__ year.Another basic __19__ is to find a study partner __20__ it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.1.A.extending B.illustrating C.performing D.conducting

2.A.attributing B.contributing C.distributing D.explaining

3.A.assignments B.information C.content D.definition

4.A.suspects B.understands C.wonders D.convinces

5.A.without B.with C.on D.except

6.A.what B.those C.as D.which

7.A.teachers B.classmates C.partners D.students

8.A.prevent B.require C.assist D.forbid

9.A.effective B.passive C.relative D.expressive

10.A.Because B.Though C.Whether D.If

11.A.enable B.stimulate C.advocate D.prevent

12.A.independently B.repeatedly C.logically D.generally

13.A.evaluate B.acquaint C.tackle D.formulate

14.A.before B.after C.while D.for

15.A.predict B.acknowledge C.argue D.ignore

16.A.to require B.required C.requiring D.are required

17.A.preventing B.withstanding C.sustaining D.overcoming

18.A.average B.ordinary C.normal D.academic

19.A.statement B.strategy C.situation D.suggestion

20.A.in that B.for which C.with whom D.such as

答案及解析:

1.【答案】B

【解析】将第1，2，3题通盘考虑。此处意为“老师会花一两个小时用幻灯来解释讲课的内容，写出一些重要的信息,散发一些阅读材料,布置作业”。illustrate用图解说明，举例说明。

2.【答案】C

【解析】参考第1题答案。attribute把……的原因归为……;contribute有助于，贡献;distribute分发，散发，与下文的give out同义。

3.【答案】A

【解析】assignments作业，任务。

4.【答案】C

【解析】新生发现别的学生一直在记笔记,他们不知道该记些什么,所以用wonders。而suspects(怀疑);understands(理解，明白);convinces(让人相信)与题意不符。

5.【答案】B

【解析】with结构在此表示伴随的结果，说明学生听完讲座却记了一些抓不住重点的笔记。

6.【答案】D

【解析】这里是一个并列句，并列的两个部分是which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the students to understand.7.【答案】D

【解析】此句意为：学生记下的笔记连自己也无法明白。

8.【答案】C

【解析】鉴于上述情况，许多学校开设课程以帮助新生培养记笔记的能力，成为一名真正有效率的听众。assist帮助，援助。

9.【答案】A

【解析】参考第8题答案。effective有效的;passive被动的;relative相对的;expressive表现的，富于表情的。

10.【答案】D

【解析】此处的意思是：如果这些课程不可行的话，还会有许多行之有效的学习技巧的指导，这些指导使学生们能够独立地锻炼这些学习技巧，在此If表示假设条件。

11.【答案】A

【解析】enable sb.to do sth使人能够干什么;stimulate激发，刺激;advocate提倡，倡导;prevent阻止。

12.【答案】A

【解析】independently独立地;repeatedly再三，重复地;logically合乎逻辑地;generally大体上，一般地。

13.【答案】C

【解析】此句意为“通常学生在开始学习之前就应该解决这种听课技能的问题”，此处C.to tackle problem意为“解决问题”。evaluate估计，评估;acquaint使认识，了解;formulate用公式表示，系统地阐述或提出。

14.【答案】A

【解析】参考13题。

15.【答案】B

【解析】这里的意思是“承认大多数学生在获取语言技能方面有困难，这是很重要的。因为只有承认这种困难才能提出克服困难的方法”。所以选B.acknowledge承认，认可。predict预测;argue争论，论证;ignore忽略，忽视。

16.【答案】B

【解析】过去分词做定语。

17.【答案】D

【解析】克服困难用overcome difficulty。不用preventing阻止，阻碍;withstand经受住，抵抗;sustain支撑，经受。18.【答案】D

【解析】本题涉及学年的表达方法。

19.【答案】B

【解析】此句意为：另一种基本的方案或策略是寻找一个学习的伙伴。strategy策略，方案。

20.【答案】C

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇5

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for admission into a college or university.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1、入学条件;

2、学费和奖学金;

3、住宿情况。

Dear Sir or Madam，I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university.My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements.Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students.Third, what is the situation regarding accommodation?

I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

7、邀请信

Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually:

1)邀请参加晚会;

2)说明举办晚会的原因;

3)将安排哪些活动。

Dear Snoopy，I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Guo Jing’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

8、投诉信

Directions: You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college.1)要求下学期换一个新房间;

2)解释原因;

3)要求单间。

Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester.I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

9、致辞

Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words.In your speech, you should:

1)进行自我介绍;

2)详细介绍大会内容;

3)结束语。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates.Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.10、告示

Directions: The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information:

1)比赛目的、时间、地点;

2)参赛者的要求;

3)裁判和奖励的细节。

You should write about 120 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese Speaking Contest

February 3, 2008

To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(10 February)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union

Department of Chinese Language and Literature

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇6

Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. ”We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. ”

Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent(有综合能力的). They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for then to solve this problem.

The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. “It’s extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.

Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing yp a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll(工资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.

District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts its 38schools.

At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election., when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.

In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.

Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.

“We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.”

At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。 “Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”

【您现在阅读的文章来自“中国人才指南网”，请记住我们的永久域名： 】

36.What has happened to the Vrain School District?

A)Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.

B)Many administrative personnel have been laid off.

C)A huge financial problem has arisen.

D)Many schools there are mismanaged.

37.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?

A) They demanded a through investigation.

B) They pooled their efforts to help solve it.

C) They accused those responsible for it.

D)They felt somewhat helpless about it.

38.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is_________.

A)irreversible

B)insolvable

C)unavoidable

D)unthinkable

39.Why did Coffman request an investigation?

A)To make sure that the school principals were innocent.

B)To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.

C)To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.

D)To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.

40.Three high school students started a website in order to__________.

A)keep people properly informed of the crisis

B)expose officials who neglected their duties

C)appeal to the public for contributions and donations

D)attract greater public attention to their needs

Part III Vocabulary (20minutes)

41.“This light is too______ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where”: said the elderly man.

A) dim B) slight C)mild D)minute

42.The more a nation#39;s companies _______factories abroad, the smaller that country#39;s recorded exports will be.

A)lie B) locate C)spot D)stand

43.Mr.Smith asked his secretary to ______a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.

A) invade B)install C)insert D)inject

44.The old paper mill has been ______to make way for a new shopping centre.

A)held down B)kept down C)cut down D)turn down

45.My grandfather had always taken a _______interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.

A) weighty B) keen C)vague D)splendid

46.If you don’t like to swim, you _____as well stay at home.

A) may B)can C)would D)should

47.Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4,1826,the fiftieth_ ______of American Independence.

A)ceremony B) anniversary C)occasion D)occurrence

48.We are quite sure that we can ______our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.

A ) get away B)get across C)get off D)get over

49.Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ______for breaking the law.

A) option B)intention C)approval D)excuse

50.We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be _______and go another day.

A) probable B)reliable C)flexible D)feasible

51.The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the ______of the murder committed last month.

A) witnesses B)audiences C)viewers D)observers

52.These overseas students show great ______ for learning a new language.

A) faith B)authority C)enthusiasm D)convention

53.“You try to get some sleep. I#39;ll _____the patient#39;s breakfast, ”said the nurse.

A)get to B)see to C)lead to D)stick to

54.The bank refused to ______him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.

A) loan B)borrow C)lease D)credit

55.John cannot afford to go to university, _______going abroad.

A) nothing to speak of B)not to speak of C) anything but D)nothing but

56.There#39;s the living room still to be _____,so that#39;s my next project.

A) decorated B)dissolved C)assessed D)abandoned

57.It may be necessary to stop ______in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

A) at case B) at length C)at intervals D) at a distance

58.Most laboratory and field studies of human behavior ______taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.

A) attach B)compose C) involve D)enclose

59.Yor can hire a bicycle in many places. Usually you#39;ll have to pay a _________.

A)deposit B) deal C)fare D)fond

60.Dr.Smith was always ______the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.

A) tended by B)absorbed in C)reminded of D)concerned about

61..________quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.

A)Extreme B)Exclusive C)Extensive D)Excessive

62.To speed up the ______of letters, the Post Office introduced automatic sorting.

A)treatment B) transmission C)departure D)delivery

63.Politically these nations tend to be ______,with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.

A) unsteady B)unstable C)rational D)reluctant

64. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________too much work last week.

A)take away B)take out C)take to D)take on

65.The London Marathon is a difficult race._______, thousands of runners participate every year.

A)Therefore B) Accordingly C)Nevertheless D )Furthermore

66. Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the ____of the motor industry is uncertain.

A) estimate B)terminal C)fate D)benefit

67. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____of milk.

A)storage B) source C)reserve D)resource

68. ______recent developments we do not think your scheme is practical.

A) In view of B) In favor of C)In case of D)In memory of

69. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military _____in the coastal city.

A)goals B)destinations C)targets D)aims

70. Jessica was ______from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a promotion.

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇7

2011-2012学年第一学期12月工作计划

随着学生会招新工作的结束，新一届学生会已经成功组建。为了丰富新生的课余生活，展现大学生青春靓丽的风采，我院每个星期都会举办一些活动。我部也会举办些活动，同时协助其他学生会部门的工作，尽力把各项工作做好，女生部制定以下工作计划：

一、星期音乐会

演出内容：协助文娱部办星期音乐会，由学院大一大二同学们演出，大一大二的同学演出节目形式较多，增加新的活力，发挥青春激情。有舞蹈、乐器弹奏、唱歌等形式演出。中间也会加入与台下同学搞互动节目。

二、冬季女生护肤讲座

由女生部主办，干事们积极完成工作。节目还在策划中，时间地点未定。内容是收集关于冬季女生护肤的资料，弄成海报形式宣传讲座活动。让女生们在寒冷的冬天也能重视保养好皮肤，内容丰富多彩，知识面广泛。让同学们跟我部门积极配合好这次讲座活动，做到最好。渐渐进入冬天，天气慢慢变冷。但女生部对工作的热情依然不减，力争做好每一份工作。

音乐舞蹈学院学生分会女生部

12月份四级考试题作文范文 篇8

云南省永善县一中2018届高三12月份考试

高三文综 历史部分

一、选择题(共12小题,每小题4.0分,共48分)1.以下对下图清朝《诰示》的解读，正确的是()

A． 八股取士扼杀人才的有力证明 B． 君主专制统治全面强化的表现 C． 导致“学而优则仕”社会风尚盛行 D． 研究清朝科举制度的真实史料

2.战国时期中国的纵横家善于游说，使国君采纳建议；古希腊的智者学派却善于演讲和辩论，使大众接受自己的主张。这种修辞差异（）A． 由地理环境决定B． 与两者不同的政治制度有关 C． 由经济形态决定D． 与两者文明程度的高低有关

3.美国记者斯诺在《西行漫记》一书中写道：“这一激动人心的远征——它过去是激动人心的，现在它仍会引起世界各国人民的钦佩和激情。”此语评论的是（）A． 北伐战争B． 红军长征C． 辽沈战役D． 渡江战役

4.公元前449年，罗马公布《十二铜表法》。关于该法，下列说法正确的是()①是平民对贵族斗争的结果 ②标志古代罗马成文法出现 ③协调了罗马公民间的利益 ④限制了贵族随意解释法律 A． ①②③B． ①③④C． ①②④D． ①②③④

5.1570—1780年，欧洲国家商船的运载能力发生巨大变化。阅读下图（单位：吨）判断甲、乙两国分别是()

A． 英国、西班牙B． 荷兰、葡萄牙 C． 英国、荷兰D． 荷兰、英国

6.周恩来说：“„„团结就是在共同点上把矛盾的各方统一起来。善于团结的人，就是善于在共同点上统一矛盾的人。”下列外交政策体现这一思想的是（）A． 求同存异B． 独立自主C． 和平共处D． 不结盟

7.西塞罗在其《论共和国》中阐述道：“国家的精神目的就是维护正义，物质目的就是保护私有财产。国家是人民为了正义和保护私有财产，通过协议建立起来的政治组织。”这种法治观表现在《十二铜表法》中，最为确切的认识是()A． “私法”之外自由民平等 B． 废除贵族对法律的解释权 C． 野蛮的习惯法荡然无存 D． 体现了一定的奴隶制民主

8.古希腊诗人西摩尼德斯写道：“德行/住在难攀登的高山„„求知，智慧，向善/才能登上这人性之巅。”下列观点与该句最为契合的是()A． 人是万物的尺度B． 社会秩序建立在约定上 C． 美德即知识D． 信奉圣经，献身上帝

9.下图为某学者所描绘的1700年以来中国、美国、西欧、印度的国内生产总值在全球所占比重曲线图。其中与西欧相符的是()

A． ①B． ②C． ③D． ④

10.1850年普鲁士宪法规定：“立法权由国王与两院共同行使之，每项法律需经国王和两院同意，财政法案和国家预算应首先提交下院（大资产阶级和容克所控制），国家预算上院（国王控制）可以全部通过或者全部否决。”这一规定（）A． 确立了民主共和制 B． 使两院权力超过国王 C． 国王仍具有否决权 D． 使资产阶级和容克独立掌权

11.党的十一届三中全会后，对1978年宪法进行了两次部分修改，1979年五届全国人大二次会议按小平同志批示的原则修改了宪法和地方组织法等，1980年五届全国人大三次会议宣布取消1978年宪法中关于公民有“四大”（大鸣、大放、大字报、大辩论）权利的规定，由此可见当时（）

A． 1978年宪法迭经修改已臻完善 B． 宪法至高地位得到真正确立 C． 宪法为核心的法律体系已建立 D． 社会主义法制建设亟待加强

12.关于中国封建专制的基本特征，史学家白钢认为：政治上的表现，一是有权就有一切，二是家长制，三是官僚政治；经济上的表现，一是以封建地主土地所有制为其经济基础，二是以自然经济为基本面貌的封建生产方式，文化上推行蒙昧主义，一是天命观。其中“有权就有一切”“家长制”“官僚政治”“蒙昧主义”历史根源分别是()A． 三公制、宗法制、中央集权制、道家思想 B． 皇权制、宗法制、中央集权制、道家思想 C． 三公制、宗法制、中央集权制、儒家思想 D． 皇权制、宗法制、中央集权制、儒家思想

分卷II

二、非选择题 13（18分）.中国历史上的官员籍贯回避制度，源远流长。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料 汉武帝规定除京畿外，其余地方上至郡国守相，下迄县令、长、丞、尉，均不用本郡国人，这是明确规定籍贯回避的最早记载。唐代规定官吏不得在本籍及其邻近州县任职。宋代规定地方官不得在原籍任职，与本人或本家族有密切利害关系的地区，如本人或其父辈曾经生活过或曾任职、置有财产等地区，都在回避范围之内。清代进一步规定，即使待任命的官员，其籍贯与即将担任官职的地方，虽然不属于同一省、府、县，但二者相隔距离只要在五百里之内也必须回避。

——摘自吕建中《中国古代的人事回避制度及其意义》

（1）结合史实说明西周时期为什么没有实行官员籍贯回避制度？（2）结合材料，分析官员籍贯回避制度的发展趋势和作用。

（3）古希腊的克里斯提尼曾推行地域部落取代氏族部落的政策，与中国古代官员籍贯回避制度相比，本质上有哪些异同点？

14（19分）.在人生的旅途中，家是你永恒的港湾；在社会的纷争中，家是你永恒的坚石。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料（明代）连江县的杨崇家庭，六世同居，男女老幼有70口人，饮食一道，财产共有。南平廖氏，五代同居，也同耕共食。大田县吴氏六世同居，男耕女织，不分彼此。福清县王荣也是六世同居，大小家人七百余口，不曾折箸争吵过，而且这个家庭一直发展到清代，是福建历史上受明清两代封建王朝表彰而名扬一时的大家庭。——彭文宇《历史上闽台家庭与家族交往》 请回答：

（1）根据材料，概括明清时期福建地区大家庭的基本特征。（2）结合所学知识，分析明清统治者表彰这类大家庭的经济目的。

【历史选修1—历史上重大改革回眸】 15.阅读下列材料：

材料一（陆）睿（原姓步六孤）始十余岁，袭爵抚军大将军、平原王。„„娶东徐州刺史博陵崔鉴女，鉴谓所亲云：“平原王才度不恶，但恨其姓名殊为重复。”时高祖（即孝文帝）未改其姓。——《魏书》卷四十。

材料二（迁都洛阳后）高祖曰：“今恂（即太子）欲违父背尊，跨据恒朔（今山西大同，内蒙古河套一带）。„„此小儿今日不灭，乃是国家之大祸„„”乃废为庶人。——《魏书》卷二十二。

材料三 李唐一族之所以崛兴，盖取塞外野蛮精悍之血，注入中原文化颓废之躯，旧染既除，新机重启，扩大恢张，遂能别创空前之世局。——陈寅恪《李唐氏族推测之后记》。请回答：

（1）材料一中，崔鉴对陆睿的不满反映出当时民族关系存在什么问题？为此，孝文帝采取了哪些改革措施？

（2）材料二中孝文帝对太子恂的处理说明了什么？（3）依据材料三，分析孝文帝改革产生的影响。

【历史选修3—20世纪的战争与和平】 16.阅读下列材料：

1916年9月，美国人卖给盟国价值2.3亿美元的子弹，6.7亿美元的火药，10.16亿美元的其他爆炸物，1.19亿美元的枪炮，5.25亿美元的炮弹和榴霰弹„„美国资本家不忙于结束战争，毫不奇怪。

1916年11月中旬：欧洲正在奔向奴役和毁灭。两年以来，它一直疯狂地沿着这条灾难的道路越走越远，病势日益加剧，发展日益加速。欧洲正像一个狂暴的疯子，头向下，一直栽落到深渊。在德国，已宣布所有16～60岁、有劳动能力的男女公民全体动员。„„德国报界赞同这个方案，声称“往后再也不能容忍无赖和寄生虫”。其他国家无疑也将仿效这个榜样。这样，一切大小国家将成为大杀戮的参加者，任何人即使自己未犯过一次罪，也不能逃脱罪行。——罗曼·罗兰日记《世界通史资料选集》近代部分 请回答：(1)为什么美国资本家“不忙于结束战争”？

(2)举出“两年以来”，“欧洲正在奔向奴役和毁灭”的史实。

(3)德国“男女公民全体动员”说明了什么？对德国及世界大战有何重大影响？

【历史选修4—中外历史人物评说】 17.阅读下列材料：

材料一 我们今天继承的这大块版图基本上是康熙皇帝时牢固地确定的。他三征噶尔丹，团结众蒙古部，把新疆牢牢地守住。他进兵西藏，振兴黄教，尊崇**喇嘛，护送六世**进藏，为维护西南边疆的统一，迈出了关键性的一步。他进剿台湾，在澎湖激战，完成统一台湾的大业。他在东北收复雅克萨，组织东北各族人民进行抗俄斗争，和沙俄签订《尼布楚条约》，保证我永戍黑龙江，取得了独立自主外交的胜利，为巩固东北边疆做出了重大贡献。——引自新华网

材料二 康熙帝在上谕中指出：“昔秦兴土石之功，修筑长城。我朝施恩于喀尔喀(代指蒙古诸部)，使之防备朔方，较长城更为坚固；秦筑长城以来，汉、唐、宋亦常修理，其时岂无边患？明末我太祖统大兵长驱直入，诸路瓦解，皆莫敢当。可见守国之道，惟在修德安民，民心悦则邦本得，而边境自固，所谓众志成城是也。”——《清圣祖实录》 请回答：

(1)依据材料一，指出康熙在位时面临哪几方面的矛盾？

(2)从材料一康熙皇帝维护统一的过程中，我们可以得出什么重要的认识？(3)结合材料二说明康熙为什么不再修补长城？(6分)(4)从纵横联系的角度评价康熙皇帝在历史上的地位。

答案解析

1.【答案】D 【解析】《诰示》的内容是“第二甲赐进士出身，第三甲赐同进士出身”，反映的是科举制下功名等级，故D项正确；材料没有反映科举考试内容，不能体现八股取士，故A项错误；清代君主专制统治全面强化的表现是军机处设立，故B项错误；材料没有体现科举制对社会的影响，故C项错误。2.【答案】B 【解析】地理环境会对思想发展有影响，但不会导致“中国的纵横家„„使国君采纳建议；古希腊的智者学派„„使大众接受自己的主张”现象出现，故A项错误；从“中国的纵横家善于游说，使国君采纳建议”可知是中国实行等级制度君主掌握政权的体现，“智者学派却善于演讲和辩论，使大众接受自己的主张”可知体现的是古希腊实行民主制度，民众参与政权，故B项正确；经济形态对思想文化有影响，但材料内容“由经济形态决定”的表述过于绝对，故C项错误；战国时期的中国和古希腊都是奴隶社会，不存在文明程度的高低比较，故D项错误。3.【答案】B 【解析】北伐战争虽然基本上消灭了北洋军阀，但由于国民党右派叛变革命导致失败，故A项与材料“激动人心”不符，故A项错误；红军长征在极端艰难的条件下，总行程达2.5万里以上，战胜了重重艰难险阻，取得了胜利，其形成的长征精神至今为人们钦佩，故B项正确；辽沈战役、渡江战役与题中的“远征”不符，故C、D项错误。4.【答案】D 【解析】组合型试题，采用排除法。①②③④分别是《十二铜表法》的背景意义，说法正确，故D项正确，A、B、C项错误。5.【答案】D 【解析】本题可用排除法选择，根据材料信息，甲商船运载能力在16世纪、17世纪居领先地位，乙商船运载能力在16世纪、17世纪、18世纪逐步增强，并且在18世纪后期居领先地位，荷兰在17世纪时，商船总数超过欧洲国家总和，被誉为“海上马车夫”，此时的英国实力还比不上荷兰，所以甲是荷兰，故A、C项错误；18世纪时，西班牙、葡萄牙实力走向衰落，故B项错误；18世纪中期，随着殖民扩张，英国资本主义经济迅速发展，成为日不落帝国，其商船运载能力也在增强，故D项正确。6.【答案】A 【解析】依据材料“团结就是在共同点上把矛盾的各方统一起来”可知是求同存异，故A项正确；独立自主的外交方针是在建国初提出的外交方针，在材料中没有体现，故B项错误；和平共处五项原则是在处理中印外交中提出的，没有在材料中体现，故C项错误；不结盟运动是在1964年开始，亚非拉地区诞生了许多新兴独立国家，为了捍卫自己的独立主权而掀起的，材料中没有体现，故D项错误。7.【答案】D 【解析】西塞罗是自然法之父。在自然法体系下，人人生而平等，都有资格享有某些基本权利。从材料信息“国家是人民为了正义和保护私有财产，通过协议建立起来的政治组织”，可知成立国家的目的是为了保护正义和私有财产，这体现了奴隶制民主，故D项符合题意。《十二铜表法》在一定程度上保护了平民的利益，但并不能使自由民平等，故排除A；《十二铜表法》颁布后，贵族不能像过去那样随意解释习惯法，排除B；《十二铜表法》保留了一些比较野蛮的习惯法，排除C。8.【答案】C 【解析】理解题干诗歌的主要含义，从“德行„„求知，智慧，向善„„人性之巅”等可以判断其强调人的品德、智慧、善的灵魂，这与苏格拉底的“美德即知识”相符，故选C。9.【答案】A 【解析】欧洲在两次工业革命时期经济迅猛发展，一战前达到鼎盛，两次世界大战时期受到沉重打击，二战后逐渐恢复，至今依然是重要的经济力量，结合曲线图，与①相似，故A项正确；美国独立战争后发展迅速，一战时期已经是世界经济最发达国家，二战后成为世界经济霸主，当今经济总量依然领先，结合曲线图，与②相似，故B项错误；中国在鸦片战争前经济总量世界领先，鸦片战争后逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，经济一路下滑，改革开放以来经济腾飞，经济总量世界第二，结合曲线图，与③相似，故C项错误；印度是文明古国，近代以来成为西方殖民地，经济发展缓慢，现代成为金砖国家之一，但是无法与美、中、欧相比，结合曲线图，与④相似，故D项错误。10.【答案】C 【解析】1850年普鲁士宪法保留国王，没有确立民主共和制，故A项错误；国王控制的上院可以否决下院通过的国家预算，可见国王权力超过两院，故B项错误；由此可见国王仍具有否决权，故C项正确；国王控制的上院凌驾于大资产阶级和容克所控制的下院，资产阶级和容克没有独立掌权，故D项错误。11.【答案】D 【解析】1978年宪法迭经修改已臻完善不符合史实，故A项错误；宪法至高地位得到真正确立与材料不符，故B项错误；宪法为核心的法律体系已建立是在1999年，与题干时间不符，故C项错误；由“对1978年宪法进行了两次部分修改，1979年五届全国人大二次会议按小平同志批示的原则修改了宪法和地方组织法等，1980年五届全国人大三次会议宣布取消1978年宪法中关于公民有“四大”（大鸣、大放、大字报、大辩论）权利的规定，”可以看出社会主义法制建设亟待加强，故D项正确。12.【答案】D 【解析】“有权就有一切”秦建立起专制主义中央集权制度，皇帝拥有至高无上的权利，主宰国家意志，体现的是皇权制；“家长制”作为家庭的长者掌握大权，在家庭中，居支配地位，其他成员都要服从，体现的是宗法制；“官僚政治”取代先秦的贵族政治，体现的是秦代开创的中央集权体制；“蒙昧主义”，天命观是一种道德教化方式，让百姓重视礼仪，明知孝悌，体现的是儒家思想，选择D项符合题意。

13.【答案】（1）原因：西周的政治制度以血缘关系为纽带，宗法制和世卿世禄制度的实行，使各级贵族世袭享有其封地和职务。

（2）趋势：制度规定越来越细致，回避的范围越来越大。

作用：避免官员结党营私，对整顿吏治、防止地方势力坐大、强化中央集权起了一定的作用。（3）同：都削弱了以血缘关系为基础的势力。

异：前者是为推动民主政治的建立，后者是服务于君主专制统治。【解析】（1）问结合西周时期政治制度及其特点进行回答即可。

（2）第一小问，可以结合材料信息，从回避制度的规定内容和回避范围两个角度进行总结；第二小问，可以联系材料，结合所学知识，从防止官员营私、整顿吏治、强化中央集权等方面回答。

（3）该问属于比较型的题目，注意从相同和不同两个角度分析其本质。相同点结合材料信息和问题提示可以直接得出结论；不同点应联系各自对应的制度的本质进行回答。

14.【答案】（1）特征：以血缘为基础；累世同居，共同生产，共同享有财产；家庭关系和睦。

（2）目的：稳定小农经济和税收。

【解析】第（1）问考查对材料的概括，材料的三个家庭都是“六世同居”，反映了明清时期的大家庭以血缘为基础，“饮食一道，财产共有”“男耕女织，不分彼此”说明大家庭财产共有，共同生产这类大家庭，“大小家人七百余口，不曾折箸争吵过”体现了家庭和睦；第（2）问考查明清统治者表彰这类大家庭的经济目的，主要是稳定其统治的经济基础——小农经济和确保其财政收入。

15.【答案】（1）汉族和鲜卑之间存在着民族矛盾。推行了改汉姓、改语言、改服饰、通婚姻、改制度等方面的汉化措施。（2）改革面临着阻力；孝文帝推进改革的坚强决心。（3）促进了民族融合，为唐朝大一统和文化繁荣（为重新走向国家统一）奠定了基础。【解析】本题主要是对北魏孝文帝改革背景和影响的考查。其中第(1)题从民族矛盾这一个角度考查学生对背景的理解，针对该问题孝文帝采取了一些措施加以解决，答题时要有针对性，不能面面俱到。第（2）题需要透过现象看本质，要理解太子恂在当时代表的是反对改革的那部分人的利益，并且要特别注意孝文帝与太子恂是父子关系。第（3）题要从材料中提取有效信息作答，重在考查孝文帝改革对民族融合和对后世唐朝的影响。

16.【答案】(1)因为美国忙于向交战双方销售军火和战略物资，大发战争财。(2)欧洲主要大国竭尽全力进行拼杀，使人们的生命财产遭受巨大破坏，给欧洲国家造成巨大损失，交战双方都已到了精疲力竭的程度。

(3)说明德国已经精疲力竭，正在做垂死挣扎。德国的这种做法一方面加深了德国人民的灾难，并激化了国内矛盾；另一方面使世界大战的破坏和带来的灾难进一步向广度和深度发展，并延缓了大战的结束。

【解析】本题要求学生认真读懂材料，把读出的信息与问题结合起来进行解题：第(1)题的“为什么”是答原因；第(2)题要求答史实；第(3)题一答“说明”，二答“影响”。按此分步作答，注意答出简明、规范的答案。

17.【答案】(1)中央政府和地方分裂势力的矛盾；中国与沙俄殖民者的矛盾。(2)坚决反对民族分裂势力和外国侵略势力，维护国家统一和民族团结是人心所向。(3)统一的多民族国家进一步巩固；康熙认为修德安民是守国之本；随着军事武器的变化，长城原有的防御作用降低。