catti三级考试词汇

2024-12-23

catti三级考试词汇（精选7篇）

catti三级考试词汇篇1

圣战(伊斯兰教徒对异教徒的战争) jihad

生殖健康 reproductive health (Youths in China are becoming more open about premarital sex, but their awareness of reproductive health and safe sex remains relatively low, the first-ever extensive nat ionwide survey on the subject suggests. 首次全国范围的(青少年生殖健康)调查显示，中国青少年对婚前性行为的态度变得更开放，但是他们对生殖健康和安全性行为的知识却相对缺乏。)

生命探测仪 life detect ion instrument

生物降解的 biodegradable (The biodegradable plastic garbage bags used at Beijing Olympics venues will be available on the Chinese market next year. 曾在奥运场馆广为使用的生物降解塑料袋有望在明年进入市场。)

生效 come into force; take effect

升学率 enrolment rate

生鱼片 sashimi

审美疲劳 aesthetic fatigue

申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection

申请专利 apply for a patent

神舟飞船 the Shenzhou spaceship

涉嫌犯罪案件 suspected criminal case

实报实销 complete reimbursement

世博园 expo garden (At the 5.28-sq-km expo garden, upwards of 800,000 visitors are expected to punch their tickets at the gate every day - equivalent to dropping a different European city into the middle of Shanghai seven days a week. 世博园面积达 5.28平方公里，届时每天将接待游客超过 80 万人次，这相当于每周将一个欧洲城市的人口输送至上海市中心。)

时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man.

市场饱和 market saturation; saturated market

市场波动 market fluctuation

市场导向的就业机制 market-oriented employment mechanisms

市场供求关系 relation between market supply and demand

市场化 marketization

市场疲软 sluggish market

市场调节 market regulat ion; regulat ion market

CATTI三级笔译应考复习策略篇2

综合部分

1.机读答题卡

（1）练习时：留出五分钟富裕。

（2）考试时：随做题，随填涂，避免时间不够或造成遗忘。

2.“第一感觉优先”原则

做选择题时，第一感觉、第一判断极为重要，不要轻易修改答案，除非正负看反了。

3.拿到试卷后先浏览一遍，好计划好时间，看什么：

（1）此次题型是否有变化——确定跟平时模考时是否采用同样策略；

（2）阅读共几篇文章——确定阅读时间分配（必须定上限）；

（3）阅读难易文章的分布——确定先做那篇（考虑到“热身”和“简单题、高分题先拿下”原则）。

实务部分

1.不要做得太快

也适用于综合考试。不要过分指望做完后去检查，再去找补，就像学习时不要指望“以后再深入学习”的道理一样，就此时此刻把握好，不要再等以后，没有以后。

2.英译汉：与课上的大绿本P16页《中国促进世界旅游业的发展》第一段、第五段和第六段有很大的相似之处，只不过考试时换成英译汉了。

一点启示：重视人事部的指定教材。

汉译英：与2005年5月真题“西藏高原”那篇在描述中国经济发展方面有些相似。一点启示：千万不要忽视考过的真题。

3.专有名词（包括中英文节日的表达法）即使再熟悉，也要查查字典，往往这些英汉译文长期以来已有固定的翻译方法。第一，不要凭印象、凭感觉随意翻译；第二，要保证英文、中文书写正确，即不能有错别字。除非“中国”这样的汉字专有名词可以不用查。（“美国”、“英国”的几种英文表达方法，最好事先查查，也许会有新的收获。）

考场细节18问（附报考流程）

1.卷面修改问题

（1）绝对禁止使用涂改液和胶带：这些“作案工具”不要带入考场。后果：涂改液改后很难

看，胶带若使用不当很容易造成窟窿。

（2）如何修改：用尺子在字的中央划一条横线；若仅删除一个字，也可打一条斜线。两条线不好。切忌“团”，即涂黑疙瘩。

2.空行

根据纸张的数量而定。第七届考试时没有空一行一写的地方。请注意，没有多余纸张提供，也不提供草稿纸，更禁止自行携带或字典里夹带！！

3.字体

中英文对字体的要求没有限制，但一定要写清楚，能让一个正常人不费力地进行辨识即可。切忌写得太连，无法辨识。

4.字号

无明确要求。但建议：

（1）正常行文时，写到两行（每行卷面均划了横线）之间的2/3为宜。

（2）增补时，适当写小一点，约1/3为宜，但要保证肉眼可以辨识。

5.汉字不能倾斜

有些人一拿到纸，不是把纸向右就是向左倾斜45度再写。如平时有此习惯者，只要能保证汉字与横线写得相对垂直即可，此习惯无需刻意纠正。

6.繁体字不能接受

7.用笔问题

（1）用什么笔：

圆珠笔、红笔、铅笔禁止使用；

钢笔不建议使用；

建议使用蓝色或黑色签字笔（中性笔）；

字体写得实在太差的同学，可以多考虑一下蓝色签字笔，写出来的字看着比较整洁。

（2）用多粗的笔：

0.3的太细，0.7的太粗（尤其在修改时），建议使用0.5的。

8.纵向对齐问题

（1）书写中文：建议每一行跟每一行字的左右两边要对齐，这样很整洁。如有习惯用铅笔打竖线为了对齐的考生，一定要擦掉铅笔痕迹。

（2）书写英文：无法做到对齐。如果遇到较长的词在一行的结尾，如comprehensive，第一行行末写成“com-”还是“comp-”还是“compr-”还是“compre-”？英语的换行有若干个规则，我建议，与其去记那些规则，不如就把这个词写在第二行，第一行结尾多留出一些地方。因此书写英文时不一定要行行对齐。

以上1-8点是关于卷面的问题，水平在60分上下的同学，全面整洁、书写规范此时就显得更加重要。大家进行过专业训练，在考场上一定要表现出“老道”、“专业”、“有经验”。

一份干净的试卷，会给批卷人留下很好的印象，有可能该考试你就会涉险通过。做翻译，一定要照顾你的读者！！

9.手机问题

（1）按规定不得带入考场。如执意带入，我建议在进考试楼之前将电源及闹钟关闭，进入考场时无需上交，但任何时间不能让人看到。考试时手机一旦作响，考试立即结束。

（2）考前练习时最好不要养成用手机看表的习惯。

10.字典问题

（1）上午综合考试：一定不要带字典进考场。如带入，放到前面的讲台上，写好名字，防止遗失。

（2）下午实务考试：一定要带字典，数量为2本。

（3）平时练习：一定要熟悉“如何查字典”，“我的字典里都有什么货”。（这绝不是玩笑）

11.绝不要迟到

迟到30分钟不得进考场。

12.绝不要提前交卷

考试通过的，往往都是坐（做）到最后时刻的考生。

13.生物钟

（1）保证上午2个小时（9：30—11：30）和下午3个小时（14：00-17：00）精力高度集中。个别昼夜颠倒的同学，请于考前半个月到一个月的调整作息时间，否则即使不迟到，考试时状态也会不佳。

（2）午休习惯不利于考试：考场中午往往封楼，一部分考点也不提供候考室，不利于午休。平时养成午休习惯而在考试当天又不能午休的情况下，决定胜负的长达三个小时的下午实务考试能保证精力充沛吗？

14.厕所问题

（1）如遇到需要去厕所的情形，举手示意，你会在同性监考老师（每个考场共2个监考老师，一男一女）的陪同下，一起去洗手间。

（2）如今后考务制度发生变化，不允许中途去洗手间，则你需要让监考老师意识到你所遇到问题的严重性，以及其发展下去对整个教室环境问题的不利影响，为了大局，你会得到特殊批准的。

（3）建议少喝水，能不去尽量不去，不要耽误考试时间。

15.桌椅

人事部考试所租用学校教室的桌子通常很小，椅子不太舒服，考前最好适应一下。

16.饮食和衣着

（1）对于夏季考试的同学：夏天食物容易变质腐烂，注意午餐要卫生。

（2）对于冬季考试的同学：冬天天气比较寒冷，中午在外边地上坐着候考时，注意衣着。

17.住宿和交通

外省市考生来京考试：注意提前一天到达考场，在考场周围落实酒店入住问题，要考虑交通、安全、叫醒等因素。

18.考试当天携带的物品

谢老师提出了“八大件必携带”，我补充一样考试当天可带可不带但是早晚你得上交的东西—申报表。（此外，手表愿意带就带，有些条件不佳的考场黑板上方没有挂钟。）根据第七届三笔考试的经验，我顺便谈谈报考的整个程序（北京地区适用）。

①考前3个月左右接受现场报名，详情登陆（主办方），报名截止日约为考前2个月。

②现场报名的考生

A．须携带：有效期内的身份证原件（中国大陆考生）、2寸照片1张、考试费460元人民币（价格由各城市物价局制定，今后可能有上涨的趋势，且各城市不一样）。

B．当场进行：在报名的房间里，自己面对电脑填写个人详细信息

C．将得到：收据一张、申报表一张（事后也可登陆-考务管理方-自行打印）、报名注意事项一张

③从考前一周的周一便可登陆自行打印准考证

④考试当天必须携带的证件：

有效期内的、与报名时号码位数相同的身份证原件

申报表（贴上与报名时上交照片的同底板照片1张）

准考证

考试时，监考人员会下发正式机打收据（注意不是发票），同时收取申报表。

⑤考试当天没带申报表或者没贴规定照片的同学，于考后在指定的时间内到指定地点亲自上交（注意不接受传真和邮寄），详情必须问询主考老师。

⑥考后约七八十日，登陆查询分数并自行打印成绩单，成绩也会提前数日在上公布，数据库是一致的。

⑦再过约二十天，登陆查询证书领取有关事宜，并自行打印证书领取凭条。

⑧在规定的时间内携带准考证和领取凭条领取证书（三级证书：深蓝皮，类似港澳通行证；二级证书：棕红皮，类似护照），结束。

翻译资格考试口译三级词汇篇3

animation 动画片

analog electronic technology 模拟电子技术

WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction) 大规模杀伤性武器

WTC (World Trade Center) 美国世贸中心

Zionist 犹太人复国主义者(的)

lobbyist 活动议案通过者，说客

military buildup 军事集结

military capabilities 军事能力

outlay 费用

pay a price 付出代价

platoon [军]排

ordnance 军火，军械战备

congenial atmosphere 融洽气氛

gravitas 庄严的举止，庄严

courtesy call 礼节性拜会

commerce ties 商业关系

Bon Voyage! 旅途愉快

closing speech 闭幕致辞

high seas 公海

impeachment 弹劾，指摘

infantry 步兵团

deteriorate 使恶化;变糟

disparity 不等;不同

encroach on 侵犯，蚕食

dominate 压倒;统治;占优势

audio card 声卡

bar code 条形码

camcorder 便携式摄影机

convection 对流

encryption 加密

hemisphere 大脑半球

genetic engineering 遗传工程

impromptu speech 即席讲话

itinerary 活动日程，路线

lasting friendship 长久的友谊

luncheon 午餐会

propose a toast 祝酒

regards 问候

reception 招待会

pool (efforts) 协力

setback 挫折;退步

signify 表征，意味着

solidarity 团结

steadfastly 踏实地;坚定地

subordinate 次要、下属、从属的

subsequent 后来的，接着发生的，连续的

trailblazer 开拓者

trailblazing 开拓性

trample 践踏

transcend 凌驾;超越

draw to a close 即将结束

heritage 传统

gracious remark 热情的演讲，评论

genuine friendship 真挚友谊

heartfelt gratefulness 由衷的感谢

catti三级考试词汇篇4

2014年成人英语三级考试模拟练习：词汇

1.Surely it doesn‘t matter where the Student Association get their money from;what is what they do with it.A.counts B.applies C.stresses D.functions

2.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly my friend.A.turn out B.bring out C.call out D.pick out

3.If we can our present difficulties，then everything should be all right.A.come across B.get over C.come over D.get off

4.She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn‘t know whom to.A.turn to B.look for C.deal with D.talk about

5.Would you please this form for me to see if I’ve filled it in right?

A.take off B.look after C.give up D.go over

6.The news of the mayor‘s coming to our school for a visit was on the radio yesterday.A.turned out B.found out C.given out D.carried out

7.Don’t be by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A.taken off B.taken out C.taken away D.taken in

8.—Do you think that housing price will keep in the years to come?—Sorry，I have no idea.A.lifting up B.going up C.bringing up D.growing up

9.In this seaside resort，you can all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.A.enjoy B.apply C.receive D.achieve

10.For all these years I have been working for others.I‘m hoping I’ll my own business someday.A.turn up B.fix up C.set up D.make up

11.My of this weekend‘s activity is going out with some good friends.A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.thought

12.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen as its best when he worked with others.A.temper B.appearance C.talent D.character

13.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his.A.ability B.force C.strength D.mind

14.The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A.length B.distance C.way D.space

15.Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance

参考答案：

1.【答案】A。count 在句中的含义为“有价值，有意义”。句意为：毫无疑问，学生会从哪儿弄到的钱这无关紧要，真正有价值的是他们用这些钱来做什么。

2.【答案】D。句意：电影院里太黑了，我几乎找不到我的朋友。pick out(在许多人、东西当中)看出„„，辨别出„„;turn out 结果是„„，证明是„„;bring out 取出来;使出现;call out 大声喊叫。根据题意知，D 项正确。

3.【答案】B。A 项意为“偶遇”;B 项意为“克服(困难等)”;C 项意为“来访”;D 项意为“下车”。句意为：如果我们能克服目前的困难，那么一切都会好起来的。

4.【答案】A。turn to sb.求助于某人;look for 寻找;deal with 处理，应付;talk about 谈论。由句意知A 项正确。

5.【答案】D。句意：你可以帮我检查一下这个表格填得是否正确吗?take off 脱下;起飞;look after 照顾;give up 放弃;go over 复习;仔细查看。

6.【答案】C。turn out 结果是，证明是;find out 查明，发现，了解;give out 分发;筋疲力尽;(消息等)发布，发表;carry out 执行，实施。由句意“市长要来我们学校参观的消息昨天在收音机上公布了。”可知应选C 项。

7.【答案】D。A 项意为“起飞;脱掉;(事业)腾飞”;B 项意为“出”;C 项意为“带走”;D项意为“欺骗”。由句意可知D 项正确。

8.【答案】B。lift up 举起;go up 上升，上涨;bring up 抚养;呕吐;grow up 成长。由句意可知，此处表示“价格上涨”。

9.【答案】A。A 项意为“享受”;B 项意为“申请，运用”;C 项意为“收到”;D 项意为“实现，得到”。由句意可知此处指“享受”到所有现代旅游业的舒适与便利，故选A 项。

10.【答案】C。turn up 找到;出现;证明出;调大;fix up 修补;解决;治愈;set up 建立;成立;make up 编造;组成;化妆。

11.【答案】A。idea 主意，想法，打算;opinion 观点，表示对某事情的评论;mind 思维，心思;thought 想法。根据题意“我打算本周末与好朋友一起外出。”选A【答案】。

12.【答案】D。句意：在与别人共事时，他证明了自己是真正的绅士，同时他的人性美也得到了充分的展示。temper 心情;脾气;appearance 外表，外貌;talent 才能，天才。

13.【答案】C。ability 能力;force 暴力，武力;strength 体力，力气;mind 智力;精神。句意为：比尔正在做大量运动，目的是增强他的体力。

14.【答案】B。length 长度;distance 距离;way 道路;space 空间，太空。根据句子的意思，【答案】选B 项，指离那儿60 英里远的地方。

catti三级考试词汇篇5

合成生物学：生命再设计(节选)

The promise and perils of synthetic biology

合成生物学的希望与风险

The new biology calls all in doubt

Start with the most recent of these previous shifts. Fossil fuels have enabled humans to drive remarkable economic expansion in the present using biological productivity from ages past, stored away in coal and oil. But much wilderness has been lost, and carbon atoms which last saw the atmosphere hundreds of millions of years ago have strengthened the planet’s greenhouse effect to a degree that may prove catastrophic. Here, synthetic biology can do well. It is already being used to replace some products made from petrochemicals; in time it could replace some fuels, too. Burger King recently introduced into some of its restaurants a beefless Whopper that gets its meatiness from an engineered plant protein; such innovations could greatly ease a shift to less environmentally taxing diets. They could also be used to do more with less. Plants and their soil microbes could produce their own fertilisers and pesticides, ruminants less greenhouse gas – though to ensure that synthetic biology yields such laudable environmental goals will take public policy as well as the cues of the market.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。

The second example of biological change sweeping the world is the Columbian exchange, in which the 16th century’s newly global network of trade shuffled together the creatures of the New World and the Old. Horses, cattle and cotton were introduced to the Americas; maize, potatoes, chilli and tobacco to Europe, Africa and Asia. The ecosystems in which humans live became globalised as never before, providing more productive agriculture all round, richer diets for many. But there were also disastrous consequences. Measles, smallpox and other pathogens ran through the New World like a forest fire, claiming tens of millions of lives. The Europeans weaponised this catastrophe, conquering lands depleted and disordered by disease.

Synthetic biology could create such weapons by design: pathogens designed to weaken, to incapacitate or to kill, and perhaps also to limit themselves to particular types of target. There is real cause for concern here – but not for immediate alarm. For such weaponisation would, like the rest of cutting-edge synthetic biology, take highly skilled teams with significant resources. And armies already have lots of ways to flatten cities and kill people in large numbers. When it comes to mass destruction, a disease is a poor substitute for a nuke. What’s more, today’s synthetic-biology community lives up to ideals of openness and public service better than many older fields. Maintained and nurtured, that culture should serve as a powerful immune system against rogue elements.

The earliest biological transformation – domestication – produced what was hitherto the biggest change in how humans lived their lives. Haphazardly, then purposefully, humans bred cereals to be more bountiful, livestock to be more docile, dogs more obedient and cats more companionable (the last a partial success, at best). This allowed new densities of settlement and new forms of social organisation: the market, the city, the state. Humans domesticated themselves as well as their crops and animals, creating space for the drudgery of subsistence agriculture and oppressive political hierarchies.

Synthetic biology will have a similar cascading effect, transforming humans’ relationships with each other and, potentially, their own biological nature. The ability to reprogram the embryo is, rightly, the site of most of today’s ethical concerns. In future, they may extend further; what should one make of people with the upper-body strength of gorillas, or minds impervious to sorrow? How humans may choose to change themselves biologically is hard to say; that some choices will be controversial is not.

Which leads to the main way in which this transformation differs from the three that came before. Their significance was discovered only in retrospect. This time, there will be foresight. It will not be perfect: there will certainly be unanticipated effects. But synthetic biology will be driven by the pursuit of goals, both anticipated and desired. It will challenge the human capacity for wisdom and foresight. It might defeat it. But carefully nurtured, it might also help expand it.

新生物学让一切充满变数

先从三次转变中距今最近的一次说起。化石燃料的使用释放了过去存储在煤和石油中的生物生产力，大大推动了当今人类经济的发展。但大片荒野不复存在，碳原子上一次充斥于大气是在亿万年前，如今它们的存在大大加重了地球的温室效应，甚至可能导致灾难性后果。在这方面，合成生物学可以有所贡献。它已被用来取代一些石油化工产品，假以时日可能还会取代一些燃料。最近，汉堡王在其部分餐厅推出了一款无牛肉皇堡，其中的肉味来自一种转基因植物蛋白。此类创新可以让人类向更环保饮食方式的转变变得轻松许多。同时，创新还有事半功倍的效果。植物及其土壤微生物可以制造出自身所需的肥料和杀虫剂，反刍动物可以减少排放温室气体。当然，要确保合成生物学达成如此值得称道的环境目标，还需要公共政策以及市场的指引。

生物变化席卷世界的第二个例子是哥伦布大交换——16世纪新生成的全球贸易网络将新旧大陆的生物糅合到了一起。马、牛和棉花被引入美洲;玉米、土豆、辣椒和烟草被引入欧洲、非洲和亚洲。人类赖以生存的生态系统前所未有地实现了全球化，为各地提供了更高产的农业，为许多人提供了更丰富的食物。但它也带来了灾难性的后果。麻疹、天花和其他一些病原体像森林大火一样在新大陆肆虐，夺走了数千万人的生命。欧洲人将这场灾难当作武器，用以征服因疾病而衰乱的土地。

合成生物学可能会被利用来蓄意制造这样的武器：能使人衰弱的、致残或致命的病原体，或许还能被限定于攻击特定目标。这确实值得担忧，但眼下还不必恐慌。因为研制这样的武器就像其他前沿合成生物技术那样，需要高技能团队和大量资源。再者，军队已经有很多方式来夷平城市和实施大规模杀戮。疾病在大规模杀伤方面很难匹敌核武器。更重要的是，相比很多旧领域，如今的合成生物学界更符合开放和公共服务的理想原则。若能加以维系和培育，这种文化应该能成为抵御破坏分子的强大免疫系统。

最早的生物大转变，即驯化，带来了迄今为止人类生活方式的最大变化。从无心到有意，人类将谷物培育得更丰产，让牲畜更温顺，狗更听话，猫更友善(这最后一项充其量只算取得了部分成功)。这促成了更高的聚居密度和新的社会组织形式：市场、城市和国家。人类不仅驯化了农作物和动物，也驯化了自己，让自给型农业的苦役和压迫性的政治等级制度成为可能。

合成生物学将产生类似的级联效应，改变人类彼此之间的关系，还有可能改变人类自身的生物学特性。对胚胎重新编辑的能力是如今大多数伦理担忧之所在，对此确实也有担忧的理由。未来，这些担忧可能进一步蔓延：我们该如何看待那些拥有像大猩猩般上肢力量的人，或者那些不知悲伤为何物的人?很难说人类会以何种方式改变自身的生物学特性，但毫无疑问有些选择会引发争议。

这就引出了此次转变与上述三次转变的主要不同。前三次转变的意义都只是事后的发现。而这一次，我们可以事先预见。这次转变不会完美无缺——肯定会有出人意料的影响。但对预期和期望目标的追求将驱动合成生物学的发展。合成生物学将挑战人类的智慧和远见。或许它会超出人类的能力。但如果精心发展它，却也可能提升人类的这些能力。

catti三级考试词汇篇6

集群之幸

Boston’s biotech hub is surviving the challenge from Silicon Valley

波士顿的生物技术中心正从硅谷的挑战中幸存下来

Distance is not dead. In biotechnology, as in other tech-based industries, the clustering of similar firms is more important than ever. Some American biotech startups are based in the San Francisco and Silicon Valley area, huddled with its many digital and IT startups. But the Boston metropolitan area – and in particular Cambridge, across the Charles river from central Boston – seems to be holding its own as the world’s pre-eminent biotech hub.

距离并未消亡。与其他以技术为基础的行业一样，在生物技术领域，同类公司的集群比以往任何时候都更为重要。一些美国生物技术创业公司把总部设在旧金山和硅谷地区，跟当地的众多数字及IT创业公司扎堆。然而，波士顿大都会区——特别是与波士顿市中心隔查尔斯河相望的剑桥市——俨然已能与之抗衡而成为世界上卓越的生物技术中心。

The San Francisco area’s pool of venture capital is beyond compare; and a biotech-industry body there, the California Life Sciences Association, argues that California is the number one state for biomedical employment. But in part that is simply a reflection of the state’s large population, which means its health-care business is necessarily big. The Massachusetts Biotechnology Council claims that its state employs more people in biotech research and development than any other.

旧金山地区的风险投资资源是别处无可比拟的。当地的生物技术行业团体“加利福尼亚生命科学协会”(California Life Sciences Association)认为，加利福尼亚是生物医学就业第一州。但这在某种程度上只是该州庞大人口数量的表现，人口众多意味着其医疗保健产业必然庞大。马萨诸塞州生物技术委员会(Massachusetts Biotechnology Council)声称，该州在生物技术研发领域的就业人数超过其他任何一个州。

A study published last December by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that although, per head, the Boston area had fallen well behind San Francisco and Silicon Valley in creating software and internet startups, it was more or less keeping pace in life sciences. The density of research institutions in Massachusetts means that it receives $351 per head in funding from the National Institutes of Health, well ahead of the Golden State’s $88. This density of research was a reason cited by General Electric, which has a big medical-technology division, in its announcement in Janurary that it will move its group headquarters to Boston.

去年12月，麻省理工学院公布的一项研究发现，波士顿地区虽然在人均创建软件和互联网创业公司的数量上远落后于旧金山与硅谷，但在生命科学领域不相上下。麻省密集的研究机构使它从美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)获得人均351美元的资金，远超过“黄金之州”(加利福尼亚)的人均88美元。拥有庞大医疗技术部门的通用电气1月宣布将把集团总部迁往波士顿，它提到该地区研究机构的高密度是一大原因。

The history of the Boston area cluster can be traced to the late 1970s and early 1980s, when Biogen and Genzyme, two biotech drugmakers, were founded by scientists from nearby academic institutions. Other scientists, especially from MIT and Harvard, Cambridge’s two internationally renowned universities, followed suit and created innovative startups of their own.

波士顿地区产业集群的历史可以追溯到上世纪70年代末和80年代初。当时，周边学术机构的科学家建立了生物技术制药企业百健(Biogen)和健赞(Genzyme)。其他科学家纷纷效法，创建了自己的创新型创业公司，尤其是来自麻省理工和哈佛的科学家，这两所国际知名大学都位于剑桥市。

This encouraged global pharmaceutical giants, struggling with poor productivity in their existing research facilities, to set up labs in and around Cambridge. Novartis of Switzerland began work on its outpost in , followed by such names as AstraZeneca of Britain and Baxter of Illinois, which in spun out its Cambridge labs as Baxalta, a specialist in “orphan” diseases. In Janurary Baxalta agreed a $32 billion takeover by Shire, an Irish drugs giant.

这促使那些苦于现有研究设施生产力低下的全球制药巨头在剑桥及其周边建立实验室。瑞士诺华(Novartis)开始在此设点，紧接着是英国的阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)和美国伊利诺伊州的百特(Baxter)。，百特把它的剑桥实验室拆分出来，成立了专攻罕见病的Baxalta公司。今年1月，Baxalta同意被爱尔兰制药巨头Shire公司以320亿美元收购。

The cluster lacked a clear focal point until , when MIT, the main landowner around Kendall Square – an area about a mile in all directions from the Kendall/MIT subway station in Cambridge – decided to spruce it up. One report suggests the square currently hosts firms that have absorbed about $14 billion in venture-capital investments. Silicon Valley’s overall pool of capital may be deeper, but much of it flows to areas other than biotech. And the global drug giants with outposts in the Boston area provide an alternative source of finance, and of eventual buyers for startups.

这里的产业集群一直缺少一个明确的中心，直到，肯德尔广场(Kendall Square)的主要所有者麻省理工学院决定把这片以肯德尔/麻省理工地铁站为中心、半径约一英里的区域修葺一新。一份报告表明，目前在肯德尔广场设立的公司总共吸收了大约140亿美元的风险投资。硅谷的整体风投资源可能更为深厚，但大部分资金都流向了生物技术以外的领域。在波士顿地区设点的全球制药巨头提供了另一种资金来源，也为创业公司增加了潜在的最终买家。

Tom Andrew of Alexandria Real Estate, a property agent specialising in science buildings, notes that the Boston area’s universities, teaching hospitals and other institutions are a sink, as well as a source, of talent. Anyone who accepts a risky job at a startup can be sure that if things don’t work out there are lots of big employers nearby to fall back on.

专注于科学楼宇的房地产经纪公司“亚历山大房地产”(Alexandria Real Estate )的汤姆·安得鲁(Tom Andrew)表示，波士顿地区的大学、教学医院及其他机构既是人才之源，又是人才之库。在创业企业中承担有风险工作的所有人都可以放心，如果工作不顺利，附近会有许多大雇主可以转投。

The cluster’s promising young firms include four – Editas Medicine, CRISPR Therapeutics, Intellia and Bluebird Bio – that are working on “gene editing”, currently one of the hottest areas of biotech. WuXi NextCODE, another local startup, specialises in analysing genomes. Alnylam concentrates on drugs that interfere with RNA, the messenger molecule through which genes express themselves. Not satisfied with just editing, deciphering or blocking nature’s blueprints, Synlogic is seeking to create medicines through entirely artificial sequences of genes.

集群中有前途的新兴企业包括Editas医药公司(Editas Medicine)、CRISPR疗法公司(CRISPR Therapeutics)、Intellia和蓝鸟生物(Bluebird Bio)。这四家公司正致力于研究“基因剪辑”，这是当今生物技术中最热门的领域之一。另一家本地创业公司明码生物科技(WuXi NextCODE)专门从事基因组分析。奥尼兰姆公司(Alnylam)专注研究干扰RNA的药物，RNA是基因自我表达的信使分子。Synlogic公司不满足于只是剪辑、解码或者阻断基因组这一自然的蓝图，还试图通过合成完全人工的基因序列来开发药物。

Synlogic’s boss, Jose-Carlos Gutiérrez-Ramos, formerly of Pfizer, has worked around the world and praises the “density of intellectuals” in Boston and the opportunities that come from being able to make easy connections. With little travel time between appointments, it is easier to arrange meetings. Dan Budwick of Pure Communications, a public-relations firm which represents some of the area’s startups, says that “You can jump on a bike and see 30 companies in a mile. You can’t do that in San Francisco or Manhattan.”

Synlogic的老板、原辉瑞公司的何塞-卡洛斯·古铁雷斯-拉莫斯(Jose-Carlos Gutiérrez-Ramos)曾在世界各地工作过，他称赞波士顿“知识分子密集”，能够很容易地建立人脉关系并从中找到机会。由于约会之间花费在交通上的时间很短，安排会议比较容易。代表该地区一些创业企业的公关公司 “单纯沟通”(Pure Communications)的丹·布德威克(Dan Budwick)说：“你可以跳上一辆自行车，在一英里内见到30家公司。这在旧金山或曼哈顿就不行。”

Boston’s tech cluster has a different vibe from Silicon Valley’s in other ways too. Edward Farmer of WuXi NextCODE says Boston’s biotech crowd are a more formal bunch, who wear proper shirts – and tuck them in. They know which fork is for the salad because salad is not the only thing they eat. Beer is the recreational drug of choice, rather than cannabis.

在其他方面，波士顿的高科技集群也与硅谷的氛围不同。明码生物科技的爱德华·法默(Edward Farmer)表示，波士顿的生物科技从业者举止更规矩，他们穿合适的衬衫，还把下摆塞进裤子里。他们知道哪一个叉子是吃沙拉的，因为他们不只吃沙拉。首选的休闲毒品是啤酒而不是大麻。

The cranes sprouting across the skyline suggest more growth ahead. But demand is still running ahead of supply. In the Boston area rents for laboratory space rose by 7% last year to around $47 a square foot ($505 a square metre), compared with $37 in San Francisco. Already, some companies are having to seek space in districts like Alewife or Watertown, on the far side of Harvard’s campus.

穿越天际线不断涌现的起重机表明，未来将有更多发展。但目前依然是供不应求。在波士顿地区，实验室的租金去年上涨了7%，达到每平方英尺47美元(每平方米505美元)，相比之下，旧金山的租金为37美元。已有一些公司在哈佛校园另一边的埃尔维夫(Alewife)和沃特敦(Watertown)等区域寻找办公地点。

Though it is on a roll, the Boston biotech cluster must keep a nervous eye on its West Coast rival, especially if, in future, biotech ventures come to rely on software, wearable sensors and big-data analysis, areas in which Silicon Valley is strong. At least that is a problem it can try to address. The weather is not. The biggest annual jamboree for investors in biotech, organised by J.P. Morgan, a bank, opened in Janurary in its customary location of San Francisco. The temperature was a balmy 13º Celsius, to Boston’s shivering -1 º.

尽管顺风顺水，波士顿的生物技术产业集群还是必须紧张地关注它在西海岸的竞争对手，尤其是假如生物技术企业今后要开始依赖软件、可穿戴传感器和大数据分析等硅谷强项的话。至少，这个问题是它可以试图解决的。但天气就不是了。生物科技投资者最大的年度盛会已于1月按惯例在旧金山举行，活动由摩根大通银行(J.P. Morgan)组织。当地气温13摄氏度，温暖宜人，而波士顿为零下1度，冷得让人直打寒颤。

三级英语专业词汇篇7

400个专业词汇A-E

a demand bill 即期汇票a guide to international direct dialing 国际直播电话指南 a laser printer 激光打印机abbreviations used in the dictionary 字典里运用的缩写 accounts receivable 应收帐accounts payable 应付账

actual stuff 现货acknowledgement of order 确认订单

advertising agent 广告代理商agriculture policy 农业政策

annual reports 年度报告antenna 天线

Appeal Body 上诉机构application letters 申请函

assurance company 保险公司astronaut 宇航员

authorized signature 授权签字average income平均收入

best-seller 畅销品balance of payments 国际收支差额表

board of directors 董事会balance of international payment 国际收支平衡 bound level 约束水平broadband technology 宽带技术

business management 企业管理buy in installments 分期付款购买

calculator 计算器campus-wide area network 校园网络

cancel an account 注销账户capital stock 股本

carry on business 营业cartridge 墨盒

cash price 现金价格casual expense 临时费用

character 字符circuit 电路、线路

closing price 收盘价class of business 业务范围、业务种类

closing words 结束语code 代码

collection letters 催款函command 指令、命令

common stock 普通股common business abbreviations 常用商务缩写 communication process 交流过程commodity supply volume 商品供应量

company home office 公司本部competitive mechanism 竞争机制

complaint letters 投诉信computer language 计算机语言

confirmation 确认connecting to the internet 网络连接

credit card 信用卡currencies of the world 世界货币

currency banking science 货币学current account 活期存款账户

current deposit 活期存款current money 通用货币

current prices of stock 证券行市customs duties 关税

customs formalities 海关手续customs tariff 关税率

cyber business 网上贸易cyber café 网巴

cyber space 网络空间cyber world 网络世界

data processing 数据处理dial-in access 拨号上网

digital computer 数字计算机disc, disk 磁盘

display unit 显示装置download 下载

e-commerce 电子商务e-currency 电子货币

economic law 经济法electronic bulletin board 电子公告板

electronics 电子学emerging industries 新兴产业

encryption technology 加密技术entertainment and sports 娱乐和体育

equipment management 设备管理explanatory notes 注释

exploring your computer 浏览计算机

feasibility reports 可行性报告factory price, manufacturer’s price 出厂价

feedback and evaluation 反馈与评价financial management 财务管理

fixed deposit 定期储蓄fixed price 固定价格

food security 食品安全foot an account 结账

free article 免税品free delivery 免费邮递

free publicity 免费宣传full payment 全额付款

full returns 全额退款gas purifier 煤气净化器

general surgery 普通外科general policy condition 保险单一般规定

giving quotation 开价government and public affairs 政府和公众事务 government bonds 政府证券graphic designer 美术设计员

group baggage 团体行李gross income, gross earnings 总收入

high rate savings 高息储蓄height above sea level 海拔高度

home market 国内市场human resource management 人力资源管理

human rights, rights of man 人权income and expenditure 支出和收入

identity card 身份证receipts and expenditure支出和收入

output and input支出和收入income tax 所得税

information material 情报资料information media 情报载体

information science 情报学information storage 情报储存

inline processing 内处理inland/home/domestic/internal/interior trade国内贸易 integrated circuit 集成电路intellectual property rights 知识产权

international situation 国际形势international business law 国际商法

international trade 国际贸易International Development Association 国际开发协会 international waters 国际水域International Monetary Found 国际货币基金组织 investigative reports 调查报告international public relations 国际公共关系

iron and steel industry 钢铁工业investment in non-productive projects 非生产性计划投资 irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证job processing 作业处理

keyboard 键盘language conversion program 语言转换程序 latency time 等待时间large capacity storage 大容量存储器

legal problems 法律问题letter shift 字母移位

library 库、程序库limited company 有限公司

line advance 换行liquid crystal display 液晶显示器

log-in 注册、登记log-off 注销

luminance 亮度machine language 机器语言

magnetic storage 磁存储器magnetic tape 磁带

maritime resources 海洋资源management information systems 管理信息系统 market access 市场转让maritime transportation insurance 海洋运输保险 market price 市场价marketing management 营销管理

marriage certificate 结婚证书maximum/ceiling price 最高价

means of liquidity 流动方式mechanization of farming 农业机械化

miner’s/safety lamp 矿灯、安全灯minimum price 最低价

Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部

Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部

Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部

Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部

Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Communications 交通部

Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Culture 文化部

Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Health 卫生部

Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Personnel 人事部

Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision 监察部

Ministry of Water Resources 水利部miscarriage of justice 审判不当、误判

monthly payment 月付款money/postal order 汇票、汇单

mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯national boundary 国界

national highway 国道national income 国民收入

natural calamities 自然灾害national public servant 国家公务员

net income 净收入net price 净价、实价

news media 新闻媒体night shift 夜班

nonretroactive character 不咎既往性 on account 赊帐

open market 公开市场on-line research services 在线搜索服务

only valid in this country 国内有效operating costs 生产费用、营业成本

opening price 开盘operating expenses 营业费用

operations management 生产管理optical character reader 光符阅读机

operating instructions 操作指南optical scanner 光扫描仪

organized tour 组团旅游original accumulation 原始积累

overhead costs 营业间接成本overhead expenses 间接费用

package design 包装设计paid vacation 带薪假期

paper measures 纸张规格parcel list 包裹单

passenger cabin 客舱passive assets 固定资产

patent article 专利品payment in arrears, outstanding payment 拖欠款项 peaceful coexistence 和平共处permanent worker 长期工、固定工

personal computer 个人计算机personal property 个人财产

personal agency 职业介绍所personnel testing 员工考核

petition for a reprieve 缓刑起诉书physical geography 自然地理

piece price, unit price 单位价格piecework 计件工作

plastic surgery hospital 整形外科医院platform bridge 天桥

pleasure trip 游览、漫游port of registry 船籍港

postage paid 邮资已付power on 接通电源

preferential price 优惠价presiding judge 首席法官

price control 物价控制price fall 价格下降

price fixing 限定价格price free on board 船上交货价

price freeze 价格冻结price index 物价指数

printed matter 印刷品processing unit 处理部门

public health nurse 保健护士public lavatory 公共厕所

public notice 公告public prosecutor 公诉人、检察官

public servants 公务员purchase price 买价、进货价格

mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互相尊重主权和领土完整

mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让

quality assurance 质量保证quality determination 质量鉴定

quality specification 质量标准queer transaction 不正当交易

radio beacon 无线电导航台radio engineering/technology 无线电技术

radio frequency 无线电广播频率radio receiver/set/receiving set/wireless 收音机 radio station 广播站radio transmission 无线电广播

railway system/network 铁路系统raise a loan 借款

raise funds 筹款real estate 不动产

refund/repayment 归还、调换证券registered office/head office 总公司、总部 registered trademark 注册商标

release on bail 保释

repeal rescission 撤消（判决）

resident physician 住院医生

retail price 零售价

rise in price 价格上涨

risk management 风险管理

rule of three 比例法

sale by auction 拍卖

sale price 销售价格

sales representative 销售代表

sealed container 密封集装箱

seasonal demand 季节性需求

selector 选择器

sentinel 标记

sequence 序列、顺序

serial 串行的、连续的settle account 结帐

share broker 股票经纪人

shared memory 共享存储器

shift 移位、移数

side benefit 附带条件

side effect 副作用

signal 信号

simulator 模拟器

software 软件

sort 分类、排序

speaker 扬声器

stock exchange 证券交易所

stock market 证券市场

storage 存储器

symbolic language 符号语言

table expenses 伙食费

table top computer 台式计算机

taking notes 记录留言

registration form 登记表 release on parole 假释 research and analysis 研究与分析 residential hotel 公寓旅馆 return ticket 往返票 right-angled triangle 直角三角形 role of departments 部门职能 sacrifice sale 亏本出售 sale for cash 现金交易 sales letters 推销信 sampling public opinion 公共意见抽样调查 scanning control register 扫描控制寄存器 secondary market 二级市场self-service cafeteria 自助餐厅separator 分隔符sequential 顺序的service request 服务器请求 settled income 固定收入 share holder 股东shift of responsibility 推卸责任shifting charge 装卸费side condition 限制条件、副条件side wind 间接影响simulation 模拟single instruction execute 单指令执行social and cultural agencies 社会与文化机构sorter 分类人员、分类程序standard interface 标准接口stock investment 股票投资stock transfer 股份转让switch 开关system compatibility test 系统兼容测试table of price 价格标take stock 盘货、点清存货target return 目标利润

tax bureau 税务局tax loophole 税法漏洞

tax-free 免税的technical know-how transfer 技术转让

technology-intensive 技术密集的terminal area distribution 终端区域分布处理 terminal unit 终端设备through train 直达列车

ticket agency 售票代理处time sharing 分时

time wage 计时工资timer 计时器

timing 定时to load 装入、加载

to process 处理to raise to the power of five 使乘五次方 to store 存储to update 更新

track 磁道tracking program 跟踪程序

trade mark 商标transducer 传感器、翻译机

transportation business 运输业translator writing system 翻译程序编写系统 trial period 试用期trustee fee 托管费

ultimate production 总产品typewriter output routine 打字机输出程序 umbrella project 大型项目underwriting contract 证券包销合同 unified brand 统一商标upper case 大写字母

user area 用户区user file directory 用户文件目录