初中英语时态用法小结(精选6篇)
初中英语时态用法小结 篇1
英语时态的用法小结
英语常见时态的构成:
1.一般现在时
(1)be动词:is,am,are
(2)其他动词:单数第三人称加s。
2.一般过去时
(1)be动词:was,were
(2)其他动词:过去式,即规则动词加ed,不规则动词特殊记。
3.一般将来时
(1)will/ shall +动词原形
(2)is/ am/ are going to +动词原形
4.过去将来时
(1)would +动词原形
(2)was/ were + to +动词原形
5.现在进行时
is/ am/ are +动词-ing
6.过去进行时
was/were +动词-ing
7.现在完成时
have/ has + 过去分词
过去分词,即规则动词加ed,不规则动词特殊记。
8.过去完成时
had + 过去分词
英语时态的用法 一、一般现在时的用法
1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day
(week, month)等连用。
He plays football twice a week.他每周踢两次足球。
I sometimes go to work on foot.我有时步行去上班。
2.表示现在的事实或状态。
It’s cold today.今天很冷。
You look tired now.你现在看起来很疲乏。
3.表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力等。
She is a famous singer.她是个著名的歌唱家。
Tom likes swimming.汤姆喜欢游泳。
4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
It’s far from the earth to the sun.地球与太阳间的距离很远。
Five and three makes eight.五加三得八。
5.表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。如列车时刻等。
但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。
The train from London arrives at 7:00.从伦敦来的火车7:00到站。
He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.他后天出差。
6.在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就打电话给你。
I’ll come if he invites me.如果他邀请我,我就来。
7.在以here, there开头的句子里,表示正在发生的动作。
Here comes the bus!汽车来了!
There goes the bell!铃响了!
注意:当主语是代词时,代词必须放在动词之前。如:
There he comes!他来了!
8.某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词,如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体
行为。
I feel pain in my head.我头疼。
I don’t understand what you mean.我不理解你的意思。
注意:此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。二、一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday, last week, two
hours ago等连用。
My family moved here five years ago.我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973.我生于1973年。
2.表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:
often, usually, always等连用。
He always worked into night those days.那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987.1987年我经常出差。
注意:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用used to。如:
I used to read newspaper after breakfast.我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river.孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。(只表示过去有过这个事情,与现在无关)
3.表示过去发生的一连串动作。
过去发生的一连串动作,若用and, or, but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
4.在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。三、一般将来时的用法
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a
week, soon等连用。
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.下周日我将去动物园。
She’ll go to the cinema tonight.今晚她将去看电影。
(2)表示将来经常发生的动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.冬季来临时,一些鸟儿将飞往南方。
(3)“be going to+动词原形”可以表示:
I)根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生。
Look at those clouds!It’s going to rain.看那些云,快下雨了。
II)打算、计划、决定要做某事。
We’re going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门口见面。
will与is/ am/ are going to do的区别:
都可表示将来,通常可互换,但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to。
(1)表示带有“意愿”色彩的将来时。
I’ll help you if you need.如果需要,我帮你。
(2)问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
Will you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去购物吗?
Will you please open the door? 请把门打开好吗?
(3)表示客观必然会发生的事情。
It will be Monday tomorrow.明天是周一。
(4)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句如果是将来时,则多用will。
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.你出门时我会照看你的小宝宝。
I’ll open the window if you smoke here.你如果在这儿抽烟我就把窗户打开。
四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,多用于宾语从句中,表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。如果表示过去习惯性的动作时,只能用would,而不用should。如:
He said he would ring me up at six.他说他六点钟将给我打电话。
I would swim in this pool when I was a child.我孩童时期经常在这个池塘游泳。
This window wouldn’t close.这个窗户老是关不上。
五、现在进行时的用法
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。
It is snowing now.现在正在下雪。
He is watching TV at present.他正在看电视。
(2)与these days, this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
He is studying hard these days.这些天他学习很努力。
He is writing a book.他在写一本书。
注意:在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后,通常用现在进行时。如:
Look!The bus is coming.看,公共汽车来了。
比较:
Look!There comes the bus.(以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)
(3)与表示将来的时间状语连用,表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,主要用于go, come,arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词。即用现在进行时表示将来。
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.他今晚去南京。
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议在下午3:00开始。
(4)与always, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话
人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如:
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。
He is continually making mistakes.他不断地犯错误。
没有进行时的动词
1.表示“存在、位置”的动词。如:be(是),lie(位于),stand(位于)
She is a doctor.她是名医生。
The mountain lies in the middle of the country.这座山位于该国的中部。
The tower stands beside the river.这座塔位于河边。
但是,lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时,可用于现在进行时。如:
The cat is lying under the table.猫躺在桌子下面。
He is standing against the door.他正靠门站着。
2.表示“所有”的动词。如:have(有),own(拥有)
I have a new car.我有一辆新车。
He owns a lot of houses.他拥有许多房子。
但是,当have作“吃、举行”讲时,可用于现在进行时。如:
She is having lunch now.她现在正在吃午饭。
They are having a sports meeting.他们正在举行运动会。
3.表示感觉的动词。如:see(看到),hear(听到),smell(闻到),feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),find(发现)等。
I see a snake lying in the grass.我看到一条蛇躺在草丛里。
4.表示心理活动和情感的动词,如:know(知道),understand(理解),think(作为),like(喜欢),love(爱),hate(恨),hope(希望),want(想要)等。
I think they are right.我认为他们是正确的。
I like music.我喜欢音乐。
但是,think作“想,考虑”解时,可用于进行时态。如:
I’m thinking about it now.我现在正在考虑这事。
Do you know what he is thinking about? 你知道他在想什么吗?
六、过去进行时的用法
(1)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和过去的特定时间状语或状语从句连用。
如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.上周日的这个时候我正在打排球。
Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视。
(2)过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。
They were making ships last month.他们上个月正在造船。
(3)go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。
The plane was arriving at eight.飞机八点到达。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行,强调“动作的连续性”,而一般过去时则表示一个做完的动作,强调“有过这件事”。
I was playing chess last night.昨晚我在下棋。
I played chess last night.昨晚我下棋了。
My father worked last Sunday.我爸爸上周日工作了。
My father was working last Sunday.我爸爸上周日在工作。
七、现在完成时的用法
(1)强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响,常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信。
He has already come back.他已经回来了.(2)表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。for后通常跟
一个时间段,而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。
for two weeks持续两周时间;since Monday自从周一
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。
I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。瞬间动词及注意要点:
a.现在完成时的肯定句,其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, join等,则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:他到此两周了。
He has arrived here for two weeks.(×)
此时需转换表达方式:
① 用ago代替for,并改为一般过去时。
② 用延续性动词代替瞬间动词。
③ 用It is/It has been…since…句型。
所以上面的句子可转换为:
① He arrived here two weeks ago.② He has been here for two weeks.③ It is/ It has been two weeks since he arrived here.b.当瞬间动词用于否定句时,则可以与时间段连用。如:
I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年没去那儿。
(3)强调直到现在为止的生活经历。
I have been to Paris twice.我去过巴黎两次。
It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.它是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。
比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”,现在已回来了,可以与ever ,since等词连用。如:
I have ever been to London.我曾去过伦敦。
have gone to表示“去某地了”,现在尚未回来,不能与ever, since等词连用。
He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”,区别在于:
(1)现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时只表示过
去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。
He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn’t find it.谁拿走了我的包?我找不着了!
He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过了。
(2)现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以。
He has done some washing yesterday.(F)
He did some washing yesterday.(T)
他昨天洗衣服了。
八、过去完成时的用法
与现在完成时的用法相似,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状
语连用。如:
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室。
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话,他已把衣服量完了。
I thought I had seen him before.我原以为以前见过他。
(2)表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间
状语相连用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。
He said he had taught in the university since 1989.他说自从1989年他就在这所大学任教。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情后,反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时,常用过去完成时。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.对于此事我一无所知,因为我已离开6个月了。
Some people ran into the street.They had heard a loud noise.有些人跑上了街,他们听到很响的嘈杂声。
时态的一致
在一些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致。
时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑:
1.当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时
态。如:
I know that Mr.Brown is a good teacher.我知道布朗先生是一名好老师。
She believes that he was once a solider.她相信他以前曾是一名士兵。
He will tell us what he is going to do.他将告诉我们他要干什么。
2.当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况:
(1)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句则需要用一
般过去时或过去进行时。如:
He was wondering where he could put the box.他不知道该把这个盒子放在哪里。
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.老师在黑板上板书时,学生们在说话。
(2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前,从句则要用过去完成时。如:
The train had left when they got to the station.当他们到达车站时,火车已经开走了。
He said his father had been dead for twenty years.他说他父亲已经去世二十年了。
(3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后,从句则要用过去将来时。如:
She said she would finish the work tonight.她说过她将于今晚完成这项工作。
We knew that it was going to snow.我们知道将要下雪了。
3.当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时,无论主句为何时态,从句不受影响,仍用现在时态。
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.男孩被告知月亮绕着地球转。
Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.人人都知道一小时有六十分钟。
初中英语时态用法小结 篇2
1.一般现在时的用法。
1) 表示经常性, 习惯性的动作或状态;表示现在的状态, 特征 , 客观事实或普遍真理。句中常用often, usually, always, every day, sometimes, on Sunday, in the morning或表示频率的词, 如once a year等时间状语, 例如:
He goes to school every day. (经常性动作)
He is a boy. (现在的状态)
The earth moves around the sun. (真理)
2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 用现在时表示将来, 例如:
If it doesn’t rain this afternoon, we’ll go swimming.
When I see him, I’ll tell him the news.
2. 一般过去时的用法。
1) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中常用yesterday, just now,
the day before yesterday, last week (month, year…) , in1998 (过去的时间) , at that time, at that moment, just then 等。
They played soccer yesterday.
I worked in a factory in 1986.
2) 表示过去经常发生的动作, 运用“used to do ”。例如:
I used to live here.
注意:used to表示过去常发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“be used to+名词 ( 动名词) ”表示 “习惯于…… ”。例如:
I am used to the climate here. (我习惯了这里的气候)
He is used to taking a walk after supper. (他习惯晚饭后散步) .
3. 一般将来时的用法。
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。 句中常用tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, next week (month, year…) , in+时间段, 其表达形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”外, 还有
1) “to be going to+动词原形”, 表示即将发生的或打算, 计划要做的事。例如:
There are lots of black clouds?It is going to rain.
We are going to have a picnic this afternoon.
2) leave , go, come, start, move, 等可用进行时态表示将来的动作。例如:
We are leaving for Beijing.
He is coming.
4. 现在进行时的用法。
现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作或行为, 由“ be+ v-ing”构成。句中常用now, at the moment, Look, Listen, this week , these days。
例如:What are you doing now?
Look! The boys are playing basketball.
5. 过去进行时的用法。
过去进行时表示过去某一具体时刻, 或某一阶段正在发生的动作, 由“was (were) +v-ing”构成。句中常用at this time (或具体时间) yesterday, when, while。
例如:
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students were talking.
While he was doing his homework, his mother was cooking.
6. 现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时由“have (has) +过去分词”构成, 所表示的动作在说话之前已完成, 对现在造成一定影响。句中常用ever, never, once, just, already (用于肯定句) , yet (用于否定和疑问句) , so far, recently, for+时间段, since+过去时间点。
I have studied English for 5 years.
I have lived here since five years ago.
现在完成进行时的用法
现在完成进行时由“have (has) +been +v-ing”构成, 表示以前进行的动作直到现在都还在发生。句中最常用for或since, 动词用延续性动词。
I have skated for three hours. (已滑完冰)
I have been skating for three years. (还在滑冰)
注意:
①表示短暂时间动作的词, 如: buy, borrow, come, go, die, …在完成时态中不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。
②have (has) been to与have (has) gone to的区别
have (has) been to (人在说话地点) 曾经过去某地
have (has ) gone to (人不在说话地点) 到某地去了
I have been to Beijing (我去过北京) (人现在在说话地点)
Ann has gone to the library. (安已经去了图书馆) (安不在说话地点)
7. 过去完成时的用法。
过去完成时由“had+过去分词” 构成, 过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。例如:
By the end of last year we had learned two thousand English words.
When I got to the station, the train had left.
8.过去将来时的用法。
过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或状态。过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形” 或was (were) going to构成.第一人称用should, 其他人称用would.常用于宾语从句中.例如:
They said that they would win the football match.
因此, 我们在做题时, 一定要找准时间提示词。
练习:
选择最佳答案:
1.He______ back in three hours.
A、 is B、 was C 、will be D 、has been
2. My uncle in London______ a birthday present to me yesterday.
A 、send B 、sends C、 sent D、 has sent
3. If you go there by taxi, it ______much faster.
A、 is B、 is going to C、 shall be D、 will be
4. He______just______ his supper.
A、 is, having B 、will, have C、 has, had D 、had, had
5. I______in his hometown since he left here.
A 、lived B、 live C、 have lived D 、 am living
6. I______when you phoned me.
A、 sleep B、 slept C、 am sleeping D、 was sleeping
7. What______he______at this time yesterday?
A、 did, do B 、is, doing C、 does, do D、 was, doing
8. She______the car in 1999.
A、 has bought B、has had C、 bought D、buys
9. Listen! Some of the girls______about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.
A、 are talking B、talk C、 will talk D、 talked
10. He said that he______ me up when he got there.
A、 rang B、 will ring C 、rang D 、would ring
1.C 将来时提示词in。
2.C 过去时的提示词yesterday。
3.D if 引导的条件状语从句, 主句将来时, 从句一般现在时。
4.C 完成时态的提示词just。
5.C 完成时态的提示词since。
6.D过去进行时的提示词 when you phoned me。
7.D过去进行时的提示词at this time yesterday。
8.C过去时的提示词in 1999。
9.A 进行时的提示词 Listen。
初中英语时态用法小结 篇3
现在完成时主要有两种用法,即持续性用法和影响性用法。持续性用法表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语;后者指的是动作发生于过去,且在过去已经完成,但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响,此时一般没有明显的时间状语,主要通过上下文来理解。如:
1.(2010高考福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ____ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promisedB. were promised
C. have promisedD. have been promised
【分析】答案选D。看出时态和语态。“许诺”的动作发生在“离开家乡之前”所以用现在完成时。
2.(2010高考四川卷)“When shall we restart our business?” “Not until we ____ our plan.
A. will finishB. are finishing
C. are to finishD. have finished
【分析】答案选D。因为在时间和条件状语从句中常用现在时表将来,所以排除A,而这里是表示将来完成时,所以选D。
另外,同学们还要特别注意以下这些习惯上要与现在完成时连用的短语和句型:so far(到目前为止),since(自从), in[for, during] the past[last]…years(在过去…年中), by now(到现在为止), up to[until] now(到现在为止), It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次……)等。
二、过去完成时考点
过去完成时是一种相对时态,即以某一过去时间作参照,过去完成时表示的动作发生在这一过去时间之前,所以我们可以简单地用”过去的过去“这五个字来理解过去完成时态。”如:
1.(2010高考山东卷)He ____ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
A. has learnedB. would have learned
C. learnedD. had learned
【分析】答案选 D。因为上大学是过去,学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
2.(2010高考安徽卷)When the old man ____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain.
A. started; had already hidden
B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding
D. was starting; hid
【分析】答案选A。根据句意,“开始回房子”发生在过去,“太阳落山”是在“开始回房子”之前,故是过去的过去。
三、一般现在时考点
一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等。如:
1.(2010高考辽宁卷)I ____ all the cooking for my family, but recently I have been too busy to do it.
A. will doB. doC. am doingD. had done
【分析】答案选 B。考查时态,故用一般现在时。
2.(2010高考北京卷)In the spoken English of some area in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ____.
A. are droppedB. drop
C. are being droppedD. have dropped
【分析】答案选 A。该句为客观事实,所以是一般现在时。
四、一般过去时考点
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。如:
1.(2010高考重庆卷)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ___ on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come C. cameD. comes
【分析】答案选 C。根据时间状语in 1973可判断发生在过去的一件真实情况,故用一般过去时。
2.(2010高考全国卷Ⅰ)Edward, you play so well. But I ____ you played the piano.
A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t known
C. don’t knowD. haven’t known
【分析】答案选A。说话人过去不知道对方会弹钢琴,但是现在已经知道了。谈论过去情况用一般过去时。
五、现在进行时考点
现在进行时主要表示现在正在进行或发生的情况或动作。如:
1.(2010高考重庆卷)Teenagers ____ their health because they play computer games too much.
A. have damagedB. are damaging
C. damagedD. will damage
【分析】答案选 B。该句表示的是目前的状况,且代表一种未来的趋势,故用现在进行时。
2.(2010高考湖南卷)“Are you still busy?” “Yes, I ____ my work and it won’t take long.”
A. just finishB. am just finishing
C. have just finishedD. am just going to finish
【分析】答案选B。由it won’t take long可知即将做完了,用现在进行时表示即将发生的事;选项D表示“正打算做完”,与句意不符。
六、过去进行时考点
过去进行时主要表示过去正在进行或发生的情况或动作。如:
1.(2010高考全国卷Ⅰ)“Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?” “No, I ____ my homework all day yesterday.”
A. was doingB. would do
C. had doneD. do
初中英语时态用法小结 篇4
考研英语中对动词语法的考察是比较常见的`,所以考生对于动词的概念、形式和用法都必须熟练掌握,下面为大家做了详细总结,16考生注意理解。
3.完成时态
完成时态的形式为have done,现在完成时就是“现在”(do/ does)+“完成”(have done),最终形式为 have/ has done.过去完成时则是“过去”(did)+“完成”(have done),最终形式为 had done.将来完成时形式为“将来”(will do)+“完成”(have done),最终为will have done.而过去将来完成时为“过去将来”(should/ would do)+“完成”(have done),最终形式为should/ would have done.
英语过去完成时用法小结 篇5
过去完成时用法小结
一、过去完成时适用场合1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如:
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。
3.在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如:
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。
4.过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间,他们就议论起他来。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话,这是第一次。
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
1.当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月台时火车刚开走。They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。
2.按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.他走进屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。
3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时,hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的,但没搭上火车。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们走。
4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:already,yet,since,for,ever,中招英语
never及次数名词等时,常用过去完成时来表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started.我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。
5.如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语,句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如:
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。
6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时,句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响,常会用错时态。
Jack, you are also here!I didn’t see you.杰克,你也在这啊!我没有看见你。
随讲随练
1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _____ for the wedding.[2006年全国II卷]
A.will planB.has plannedC.would planD.had planned
2.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.[2006年湖南卷]
A.was givingB.am givingC.had givenD.have given
3.Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.[2005年福建卷]
A.has leftB.leftC.was leavingD.had left
4.She ______ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.[2004年重庆卷]
A.would changeB.has changedC.changedD.was changing
5.He ______ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A.hopedB.has hopedC.had hopedD.would hoped
6.When the old man ______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain.[2005年湖北卷]
A.started;had already hidden
B.had started;had already hidden
C.had started;was hiding
D.was starting;hid
7.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.[2004年江苏卷]
A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun
8.— Oh, is that you, Bob?
— Err...yes.Ah, you’re Mary.Sorry I _____ you.We haven’t seen each other for ten years, have we?
A.didn’t recognizeB.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognizedD.don’t recognize
英语现在进行时的用法小结 篇6
作者:宋浩伟(文县英语教师)
大家都知道,英语中的基本时态有八种,一般现在时,现在进行时(am/is/are+V-ing),现在完成时(have/has+动词过去分词),一般过去式,过去完成时(had+动词过去分词),过去进行时(was/were+ V-ing),一般将来时(will/shall+V原型,is/am/are going to do),过去将来时(would/should+ V原型,was/were gong to do).现在我就现在进行时的用法做个小结,希望能给学子们有帮助。一,构成Am/is/are+V-ing.二,具体用法
1,表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。eg:Look!YaoMing is playing basketball.(看!姚明正在打篮球)。Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.(听!有人正在隔壁唱歌)。They are studying in our classroom now.(他们正在教室学习)。
2,表示当前某个阶段正在进行的动作(在某一具体时刻,可能没在进行)。eg: He is studying in a famous high school now.(他目前在一所有名的高中学习)。Lin Shuhao is playing basketball as a player in NAB now.(林书豪是一名篮球运动员,他现在在美职篮打球)。3,表示在某一时刻不断重复的动作。eg: Someone is calling your name over there.(那边有人一直在叫你的名字)。
现在进行时除了以上三种用法之外,还有两种特别的用法,而其在考试中屡屡出现,需要引起我们的高度重视。1,现在进行时可以用进行时表将来。eg: Look!the is coming.(看!车要开过来了)。I am leaving for BeiJing tomorrow.(我明天要前往北京)。这时就有非常必要记住那些动词有此用法。我们把这些词叫做“位置转移动词”,简称“位移动词”,主要有:come,go,leave(离开),start(开始),begin(开始),take off(飞机起飞),arrive(到达),return(返回)等词。特别注意的是,用这些词的进行体表将来时,通常要和表将来的时间状语连用。
2,进行时和always连用,表达的是一种情感,比如喜欢,厌恶,满意等。eg:He is always talking.(他一直在喋喋不息)。
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