地点状语从句讲解(精选5篇)
地点状语从句讲解 篇1
地点状语从句表示地点、方位,这类从句通常由where引导。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。// They will go where they are happy.他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。
(1)地点状语从句由where,wherever,引导,如:
We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
(2)地点状语从句与定语从句的区别(主要区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句)where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。如:
Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句)你从何处来到何处去。
Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)
回到你来的那个村子里去。
(3)地点状语从句的省略,如
Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.(necessary前省略了where it is)
在需要的地方填上冠词。
考题解析
[考题1] — Mom, what did the doctor say?
— He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher.(2006四川)
A.in where B.in which C.the place where D.where
[答案] D
[解析] where引导修饰谓语live的地点状语从句。
[考题2] In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ____ there is human suffering.(2006江西)
A.whoever B.however C.whatever D.wherever
[答案] D
[解析] where引导修饰谓语send的地点状语从句。
[考题3] If you are traveling ____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.(2006天津)
A.in which B.what C.when D.where
[答案] D
[解析] where引导修饰谓语are traveling的地点状语从句。
Where引导的地点状语从句 篇2
Where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的差异
我们首先来看下面这组例句:
1. a. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live where mosquitoes transmit malaria.
b. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in climate zone where mosquitoes transmit malaria.
a. 全球大约有45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的区域。
b. 全球大约有45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的气候区域。
在例句a和b中都有一个where引导的从句“where mosquitoes transmit malaria”,而且都可译成“蚊子传播疟疾的地方”,但是两个where从句在性质和功能上是不同的。具体来说,例句a中的where引导的从句是一个地点状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语动词live,即作为状语表示“居住”的地点。而例句b中的where引导的从句是一个定语从句,用来修饰名词climate zone,即作为定语来限定名词。
通过比较上述两个例句,笔者总结出where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句具有如下三方面的差异:
一、句子结构上的不同
若where引导的是定语从句,where前面必然有表示地点(或抽象地点)的名词,即先行词,如例句b中的where前面有先行词climate zone。若where引导的是地点状语从句,则它前面没有表示地点的名词,比如上面例句a中where前面没有表示地点的名词,只有动词live。
二、Where的作用不同
Where在这两类从句中所起的作用也是不同的。当where引导定语从句时,where是指代地点名词,在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰的是从句的谓语。比如,在上面例句b中,where指代的是in climate zone,修饰定语从句中的谓语transmit,相当于说“mosquitoes transmit malaria in climate zone”,表示“蚊子在这样的气候区域传播疟疾”。
当where引导地点状语从句时,where在从句中不充当地点状语。Where所引导的地点状语从句修饰的是主句的谓语,充当的是主句谓语的地点状语成分。如例句a中的地点状语从句“where mosquitoes transmit malaria”修饰的是主句谓语live,表示live的地点是“蚊子传播疟疾的地方”。
三、 Where引导地点状语从句时,where不能改写成“介词+which”
我们知道,定语从句中的where可以改写成“介词+which”的形式。如上面的例句b,我们可以将其中的where替换成in which,即:
Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in climate zone in which mosquitoes transmit malaria.
相比之下,地点状语从句中的where是不能替换为“介词+which”的。
综上所述,where引导的地点状语从句与主句的谓语之间存在逻辑语义关系,表示动作发生的地点;而where引导的定语从句则是与where前面的地点(或抽象地点)名词之间存在逻辑语义关系,用来限定名词。
Where引导的地点状语从句的语义特点
Where引导的地点状语从句可以置于句末,也可以置于句首,但是所表达的含义有所区别。当where引导的状语从句置于句末时,一般表示地点;而当where引导的状语从句位于句首时,则具有对比、条件或时间的意味。下面笔者将分别举例说明。
一、Where状语从句在句末:表示地点(或抽象地点)
Where引导的地点状语从句置于句末时,修饰主句中的谓语,表示动作发生的地点。例如:
2. Hero worship is strongest where there is least regard for human freedom.
在人的自由最不受到尊重的地方,英雄崇拜最盛行。
这是英国哲学家、“社会达尔文主义之父”赫伯特·斯宾塞(Herbert Spencer)的一句名言。在本句中,地点状语从句“where there is least regard for human freedom”修饰谓语部分“is strongest”,表示“英雄崇拜最盛行”的地方是哪里。
二、Where状语从句在句首:含有对比(contrast)意味
当Where引导的状语从句置于句首时,这个从句与主句在语义上可以形成对比的意味。比如下面这句话:
3. Where most people saw nothing but a hardened criminal, I saw a lonely and desperate man.
许多人只看见一个冷酷无情的罪犯,但我看到的却是一个孤独而绝望的男人。
在这个例句中,where所引导的状语从句与后面的主句在内容上形成了鲜明的对比,这便体现了where引导的状语从句放在句首时的语义特点之一 ——对比意味。
三、Where状语从句在句首:含有条件(condition) 意味
Where引导的状语从句放在句首,也可以表达条件的意味。比如在奥巴马就职演说中有这样一段话:
4. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works, whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end.
今天,我们的问题不在于政府的大小,而在于政府能否起作用、能否帮助每个家庭找到薪水合适的工作、能否提供他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给予肯定的答案,我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案给予的答案是否定的,我们就选择终止。
在这一例句中,我们可以发现,“the answer is yes”是“move forward (继续推行方案)”的条件,而“the answer is no”是“program will end (终止方案)”的条件。
另外,英语中有“Where there is …, there is …”这样的句式,其中where引导的状语从句同样具有条件意味。现列出几句,供读者揣摩:
Where there is a will, there is a way.
(有志者,事竟成。)
Where there is life, there is hope.
(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。)
Where there is love, there is hope.
(有爱,就有希望。)
Where there is great love, there are always miracles.
(哪里有真爱,哪里就有奇迹。)
四、Where状语从句在句首:含有时间(time)意味
奥巴马在胜选演说中,使用了著名的“Yes we can”排比句,其中最后一句是这样说的:
5.... where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes we can.
当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑,当有人说我们办不到的时候,我们要以诠释了美国精神的这个永恒的信条来回应他们:不,我们能做到。
英语状语从句 篇3
(一)时间状语从句
例题 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 时间状语从句在复合句中作状语,表示主句动作发生的时间。引导这种从句的词有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;连接副词immediately 等;起连接作用的短语as soon as, by the 不能用形容词such.例如:
● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+从句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+单数名词
●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如: ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态用法,应注意下面两点: 1. 要用一般现在时替代一般将来时,例如: ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般过去时替代过去将来时,例如: ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例题的意思是:“直到你说明怎么办之后,我才设法把这件事做好。”根据题意,须由until 引导此例的时间状语从句,所以正确答案应为B。
(二)地点状语从句
例题 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where
分析 地点状语从句在复合句中作状语,表示主句的动作发生的处所或方向,这种从句通常用连接副词where,wherever(无论在哪里,无论到哪里)引导。例如: ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例题的意思是:“你看书时,最好在有问题的地方做一个记号。”此复合句中的从句是个地点状语从句,须用连接副词where 引导,所以正确答案应为D。
(三)结果(程度)状语从句
例题 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting
分析 结果状语从句在复合句中作状语,表示主句的动作所引起的结果。这种从句由such…that, so…that, so that等引导。其用法举例如下: 1. Such +a(an)+(adj.)+单数可数名词+ that+从句
● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+复数可数名词+从句
●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可数名词+that+从句
●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”这个结构中,其中名词由many, much, few, little 修饰时,须用副词so,例题中的结果状语从句由“such+ an + adj.+单数可数名词+that”引导。属于第一种情况,所以正确答案应为A。
(四)目的状语从句
例题 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的状语从句在复合句中作状语,表示主句的动作发生的目的。这种从句用连词so that, in order that 等引导。目的状语从句的谓语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如:
● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例题中有一个目的状语从句,所以正确答案应为D。
(五)条件状语从句
例题_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 条件状语从句在复合句中作状语,表示主句的动作发生的条件、假定等。条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless和起连接作用的短语so/ as long as(只要),so far as(就…),suppose(that)(假定)等引导。例如:
● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例题的选项中只有unless 可以引导一个条件状语从句,所以正确答案应为B。
(六)让步状语从句
例题 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is
原因状语从句 篇4
原因状语
一、引导原因状语从句的从属连词
主要的有because, as, since,seeing (that), now (that), considering (that),in that等:
The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗的方法不好而缩水。
I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。
Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱,我们无法购买它。
Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨,我们最好待在室内。
Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了,最好还是留下吧(既来之,则安之)。
【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句(when表示“既然”)
I won’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。
二、关于not…because结构
该结构中的否定词有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释:
I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕。/ 我不是因为怕才去。
不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not 是否定从句的:
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。
三、because习惯上不与so连用
汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:
因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
四、because从句与 because of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏
但最正规的还是because He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。
用法说明
2用法说明1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开,放在句末 时,可不用逗号分开。because表示直接原因, 语气最强, 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。
2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”), 较为正式, 语气比because弱。
3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”, 语气比since弱, 较为正式, 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
英语语法时间状语从句 篇5
Let’s wait until(till)the rain stops.
等雨停了再说。
She comes to talk to me whenever she feels lonely.
每当她感到寂寞时就来和我聊天。
As I talked, I gained some confidence.
我一面谈着一面增强了信心。
Now that I have come back, I want to help you both.
现在既然我回来了,我要帮助你们两人。
Once the train is moving, there is no way to stop it.
一旦火车开动了就没法址它停下来。
2.由every time,the moment等词引起的从句也可以用作状语
Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
每回伤风我的背就疼。
Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.
她一在台上出现就响起暴风雨般的掌声。
He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.
我第一次碰到他时,他就给我这个印象。
Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次进城你一定来找我们。
3.instantly,immediately,directly等词也可引起时间状语从句
The machine will start instantly you press the button.
你一按电钮机器就会开动。
I’ll give you an answer immediately I’ve finished reading your report
我看完你的报告立即给你答复。
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
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