where状语从句

where状语从句（精选8篇）

where状语从句 篇1

地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的.句型，例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。

They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.

他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.

你应该把书放回原来的地方。

where状语从句 篇2

状语从句的类型

时间状语从句

常用的引导词有when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, since等。

注意:其中when, before, after, until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句, 用一般现在时来代替将来时。

1.when, while

when引导时间状语从句, 意为“当……时”, 表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。when引导的从句既能与终止性动词连用, 也能与延续性动词连用。如:

I feel very happy when you come to see me.

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.

while引导的时间状语从句, 意为“与……同时”, “在……期间”, 从句中的动词通常都是延续性动词或表示状态的动词。如:

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.

Father looked after the dog while I was out.

2.before, after, as soon as

before表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前, 意为“在……之前”;after表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后, 意为“在……之后”;as soon as表示主句的动作是紧接在从句动作之后发生的, 意为“一……就……”。如:

You should make a good plan before you do anything important.

He called me after he had finished his work.

I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.

3.until (till)

until (till) 在肯定句中, 只能与延续性动词连用, 意为“到……为止”;在否定句中, 可与短暂性动词连用, 意为“直到……才”, 这时till和until可以用before替换。如:

I’ll stay here until you come back. (stay表示的动作可以持续)

He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework. (go to bed表示的动作不能持续, 但否定意义表示状态, 可持续)

4.since引导时间状语从句时, 意为“自从……”, 主句常用现在完成时表可延续动作或状态, 从句用一般过去时。也可用在“It is+一段时间+since+时态为一般过去时的从句”的句型中。如:

We haven’t seen each other for eight years since we met last time.

It is eight years since we met last time.

条件状语从句

常用的引导连词有if和unless, 表示假如有从句动作的发生, 就会或不会有主句动作的发生。如:

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.

Unless it rains, we will go there by bike.

注意:与时间状语从句一样, 条件状语从句中, 从句用一般现在时表将来。

原因状语从句

常用的引导词有because, as和since。

由why提出的问题, 须用because引导的从句来回答;对于显而易见的原因, 常用as或since引导的从句来回答。as和since引导的从句常放在主句之前, 而because引导的从句常放在主句之后。如:

—Why are you late again?

—Because my bike broke on my way.

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.

Since you’re not feeling well, you’d better not go to work today.

注意:同一复合句中, 主句和从句只需用一个连词连接, 故because不能与so同时出现。

地点状语从句

常用的引导词有where和wherever。如:

Where there is a will, there is a way.

We’ll go wherever you like.

结果状语从句

常用句式主要有so/such…that…, 意为“如此……以至于……”。

so...that...结构在某种情况下可以与too...to...和enough to结构互换。如:

She is so young that she can’t go to school.

She is too young to go to school.

She isn’t old enough to go to school.

目的状语从句

常用的连词有so that和in order that, 意为“以便”, “为了”, 可用to, so as to或in order to替换, 将句子合并为简单句。如:

He got up early so that he could get to school on time.

He got up early (so as) to get to school on time.

In order to get to school on time, he got up early.

让步状语从句

常用的引导词有although/though, whoever, however, whatever等。如:

Although he is very young, he knows several languages.

However hard he tries, he can not make it.

注意:同一句中, although/though不能与but同时出现。

巩固练习:

( ) 1.We were getting ready to go out________it began to rain.

A.whereB.whenC.sinceD.while

( ) 2.While she________TV in the sitting room, the bell________.

A.watching, ringsB.is watching, rang

C.was watching, rang D.watched, was ringing

( ) 3.He was________angry to hear the news that he couldn’t say a word.

A.soB.suchC.tooD.very

( ) 4.—Do you know Betty very well?

—Yes, she and I________friends since we met in Guangzhou last summer.

A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned

( ) 5.—I’m going to Hangzhou for a holiday this weekend.

—________you are there, can you buy me some green tea?

A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.After

( ) 6.If you________him tomorrow, please ask him if he________to work on the farm with us

A.see, goesB.will see, going C.will see, will goD.see, will go

( ) 7.It is four months________I started learning chemistry.

A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until

( ) 8.________it snowed heavily yesterday, but little Kate got to school on time.

A.AlthoughB.ThoughC.BecauseD./

( ) 9.He knew nothing about the matter________Mary told him yesterday.

A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.since

( ) 10.Peter saves money________he can buy some birthday presents for his mother.

A.in order toB.so thatC.so as toD.such that

Where引导的地点状语从句 篇3

Where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的差异

我们首先来看下面这组例句:

1. a. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live where mosquitoes transmit malaria.

b. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in climate zone where mosquitoes transmit malaria.

a. 全球大约有45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的区域。

b. 全球大约有45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的气候区域。

在例句a和b中都有一个where引导的从句“where mosquitoes transmit malaria”,而且都可译成“蚊子传播疟疾的地方”,但是两个where从句在性质和功能上是不同的。具体来说,例句a中的where引导的从句是一个地点状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语动词live,即作为状语表示“居住”的地点。而例句b中的where引导的从句是一个定语从句,用来修饰名词climate zone,即作为定语来限定名词。

通过比较上述两个例句,笔者总结出where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句具有如下三方面的差异:

一、句子结构上的不同

若where引导的是定语从句,where前面必然有表示地点(或抽象地点)的名词,即先行词,如例句b中的where前面有先行词climate zone。若where引导的是地点状语从句,则它前面没有表示地点的名词,比如上面例句a中where前面没有表示地点的名词,只有动词live。

二、Where的作用不同

Where在这两类从句中所起的作用也是不同的。当where引导定语从句时,where是指代地点名词,在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰的是从句的谓语。比如,在上面例句b中,where指代的是in climate zone,修饰定语从句中的谓语transmit,相当于说“mosquitoes transmit malaria in climate zone”,表示“蚊子在这样的气候区域传播疟疾”。

当where引导地点状语从句时,where在从句中不充当地点状语。Where所引导的地点状语从句修饰的是主句的谓语,充当的是主句谓语的地点状语成分。如例句a中的地点状语从句“where mosquitoes transmit malaria”修饰的是主句谓语live,表示live的地点是“蚊子传播疟疾的地方”。

三、 Where引导地点状语从句时,where不能改写成“介词+which”

我们知道,定语从句中的where可以改写成“介词+which”的形式。如上面的例句b,我们可以将其中的where替换成in which,即:

Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in climate zone in which mosquitoes transmit malaria.

相比之下,地点状语从句中的where是不能替换为“介词+which”的。

综上所述,where引导的地点状语从句与主句的谓语之间存在逻辑语义关系,表示动作发生的地点;而where引导的定语从句则是与where前面的地点(或抽象地点)名词之间存在逻辑语义关系,用来限定名词。

Where引导的地点状语从句的语义特点

Where引导的地点状语从句可以置于句末,也可以置于句首,但是所表达的含义有所区别。当where引导的状语从句置于句末时,一般表示地点;而当where引导的状语从句位于句首时,则具有对比、条件或时间的意味。下面笔者将分别举例说明。

一、Where状语从句在句末:表示地点(或抽象地点)

Where引导的地点状语从句置于句末时,修饰主句中的谓语,表示动作发生的地点。例如:

2. Hero worship is strongest where there is least regard for human freedom.

在人的自由最不受到尊重的地方,英雄崇拜最盛行。

这是英国哲学家、“社会达尔文主义之父”赫伯特·斯宾塞(Herbert Spencer)的一句名言。在本句中,地点状语从句“where there is least regard for human freedom”修饰谓语部分“is strongest”,表示“英雄崇拜最盛行”的地方是哪里。

二、Where状语从句在句首:含有对比(contrast)意味

当Where引导的状语从句置于句首时,这个从句与主句在语义上可以形成对比的意味。比如下面这句话:

3. Where most people saw nothing but a hardened criminal, I saw a lonely and desperate man.

许多人只看见一个冷酷无情的罪犯,但我看到的却是一个孤独而绝望的男人。

在这个例句中,where所引导的状语从句与后面的主句在内容上形成了鲜明的对比,这便体现了where引导的状语从句放在句首时的语义特点之一 ——对比意味。

三、Where状语从句在句首:含有条件(condition) 意味

Where引导的状语从句放在句首,也可以表达条件的意味。比如在奥巴马就职演说中有这样一段话:

4. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works, whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end.

今天,我们的问题不在于政府的大小,而在于政府能否起作用、能否帮助每个家庭找到薪水合适的工作、能否提供他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给予肯定的答案,我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案给予的答案是否定的,我们就选择终止。

在这一例句中,我们可以发现,“the answer is yes”是“move forward (继续推行方案)”的条件,而“the answer is no”是“program will end (终止方案)”的条件。

另外,英语中有“Where there is …, there is …”这样的句式,其中where引导的状语从句同样具有条件意味。现列出几句,供读者揣摩:

Where there is a will, there is a way.

(有志者,事竟成。)

Where there is life, there is hope.

(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。)

Where there is love, there is hope.

(有爱,就有希望。)

Where there is great love, there are always miracles.

(哪里有真爱,哪里就有奇迹。)

四、Where状语从句在句首:含有时间(time)意味

奥巴马在胜选演说中,使用了著名的“Yes we can”排比句,其中最后一句是这样说的:

5.... where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes we can.

当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑,当有人说我们办不到的时候,我们要以诠释了美国精神的这个永恒的信条来回应他们:不,我们能做到。

状语从句复习 篇4

--- 基本概念、难点和易错点

5. 目的状语从句

连接词：

in order that; so that; that; in case (以免); for fear that (唯恐);…

例句：

*Let’s hurry so that / in order that / that we can catch the early bus.

(so that = in order that, that 是so that 的省略形式)

* We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, for fear that it might start trouble.

(显然, for fear that 与上句中的关联词含义正好相反,表达“担心”或“不愿发生”的结果。)

* Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

(in case 意为 “以防万一”)

练习：

1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _____.

2. He is working hard ______ he should fall behind.

3. We sent the letter by air mail _______ it might reach them in good time.

6. 结果状语从句

连接词：

so… that; such… that; so that; that; so;…

例句：

* We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

* He was so excited that he could hardly go to sleep.

* He didn’t plan the time well, so that (so) he didn’t finish the work on time.

* What has happened that you all look so excited?

( so that 既可引导目的状语从句又可引导结果状语从句, 一般讲,表目的状语从句中有may, might, can, could 出现, 如: We sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in good time. 另外, 表结果时, 还可用 that或so, 它们相当于 so that.)

练习：

1. He got up late _____ he missed the early bus.

2. This is ______ a good film _____ everybody wants to see it.

7. 让步状语从句

连接词：

though (although); 虽然

even if (even though); 即使;即便

no matter(who/ what/ where/ …); 无论谁 (什么, 哪 …)

( = whoever; whatever, wherever, …)

例句：

* Although/ though I tried several times, I failed in the end.

* Even if he comes here, he won’t help us.

* However much I tried, I failed to work it out.

* No matter where he goes, he is always ready to help others.

练习：

1. We’ll try to finish the work in time ____ we are short of manpower.

2. You mustn’t be conceited (骄傲)______ you’ve achieved great success.

3. Do what you think is right ______ difficulties you may have.

练习答案:

目的状语从句

1. in case 2. for fear that 3. so that / that / in order that

结果状语从句

1. so that / so / that 2. such … that

让步状语从句

1. though; although / even if; even though

( though; although 表示我们缺人手; 虽然缺, 也要尽力完成工作. ; even if; even though 则表示我们不一定缺人手, 即便缺,也要…)

2. though; although / even if; even though (区别同上)

状语从句连词意思总结 篇5

2.…的时候 the moment

3.一 / 刚…就…（三个表

达）as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than 4.每当(三个表达)whenever, each / every time 5.直到… until

6.直到…才… not…until… 7.无论哪里 wherever

8.在…的地方 where

9.就是因为、仅仅是因为 just / only because

10.是因为…(用强调句型

表示)

It is / was because / because of… that…

11.不是因为…而是因为… not because…but because 12.既然(两个表达)since, now that

13.由于(三个表达)as, seeing / considering that 14.因为…的原因

for the reason that…

15.因为、由于…的事实(三个表达)

because of / due to / owing to the fact that…

16.如此…以致于…(两个

表达)so…that, such…that

17.因此(结果)、为了 / 以便(目的)(两个表达)so that, that

18.为了 / 以便

in order that

19.以防(目的)、万一(条

件)in case

20.以免，唯恐(两个表达)lest, for fear that 21.除非 unless

22.只要(两个表达)as / so long as

23.尽管、虽然(三个表达)though, although,even

though

24.即使、纵然、就算、哪

怕 even if

25.as, though解释为“虽

然”的倒装结构 n./ adj./ adv.+ as / though + S + V

v.+ as / though + S + 情态动词

26.无论什么

whatever = no matter what 27.无论谁

whoever = no matter who 28.无论哪一个

whichever = no matter which 29.无论怎样

however = no matter how 30.无论…还是…

whether…or… = no matter whether…or…

31.好像，仿佛(两个表达)as if, as though

32.与…一样…(两个同级比较结构)

as…as…, the same(height / size / age / width / depth)as 33.在…当中最…(最高程度表达)

the +-est + 比较范围

34.比任何其他的…要更

加…(最高程度表达)-er + than + any other + sing n.,-er + than + any of the other + pl.n.35.没什么与…一样…(最高程度表达)否定词 + as…as

36.没什么比…更加…(最高

程度表达)否定词 +-er

37.没有 / 不如…那样…

(两个较低程度比较)not as / so…as…, less + 原级 + than

38.在…当中最不…(最低

程度比较)the least + 原级 + 比较范围

39.越来越…

-er and –er, more and more + 原级

40.越…越…

the +-er…the +-er 41.与…一样不… no +-er + than 42.…不比…更 not +-er + than

43.与其说…不如说… more…than…

44.超过；不仅仅；非常 more than

45.while做连词的三个意思 当…；虽然，尽管(放句首)；然而(引导并列句)

动词短语,状语从句专练 篇6

1.To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.A.turned outB.turned upC.set outD.set up

2.All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.A.gave offB.gave upC.gave awayD.gave out

3.If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.A.work overB.work outC.work upD.work in

4.“Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”

A.held upB.set upC.sent upD.brought up

5.I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.A.give upB.put upC.hang upD.ring up

6.Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.A.die downB.die outC.die awayD.die off

7.My study of biology has ______ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.A.taken offB.taken downC.taken upD.taken away

8.The plan___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).A.broke downB.pulled downC.turned downD.put down

9.The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.A.asked forB.called forC.looked forD.paid for

10.John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.A.let outB.give awayC.bring inD.make up

11.I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.A.put up withB.get rid ofC.have effect onD.keep away from

12.The mother often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.A.hold back fromB.keep out ofC.break away fromD.get rid of

13.To my surprise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.A.cut offB.held upC.brought downD.kept back

14.Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.A.take upB.make upC.work outD.carry out

15.Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.A.give outB.give inC.give awayD.give off

16.You should ______ what your parents expect of you.A.live up toB.stand up toC.look up toD.run up to

17.I can hardly believe my eyes.What a poor composition you have _______.There are so many wrong spellings in it.A.turned intoB.turned offC.turned toD.turned in

18.“Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea!I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”

A.look afterB.take care ofC.see aboutD get down to

19.How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A.set outB.set offC.set overD.set up

20.Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.A.take onB.dress upC.put onD.get into

状语从句

1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when

2.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until

3._______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A.Even thoughB.UnlessC.As long asD.whileYou will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.A.even ifB.as thoughC.as long asD.unless

5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes.He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.”

A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when

6._____ I suggest, he always disagrees.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whoever

7.You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.A.whereB.in whichC.atD.for them

8._____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever

9.Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said.A.whileB.as soon asC.suddenlyD.then

10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother.Don’t be so rude to her.A.WhateverB.WhatC.WhicheverD.Whenever

11.____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A.Now thatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.As soon as

12.I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her.A.first timeB.for the first timeC.the first timeD.by the first time

13.Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown!

A.in caseB.so thatC.in order thatD.when

14.Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

15.He is better than _______ I last visited him.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which

16._______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint.A.So long asB.Even thoughC.SinceD.While

17.________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.A.WhileB.AsC.SinceD.Because

18._______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A.As long asB.As far asC.Just asD.Even if

19._______ rich one may be there is always something one wants.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.Wherever

20.John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A.whichB.whenC.so thatD.as if

英语状语从句翻译方法的研究 篇7

(1) Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.

这句话翻译成“武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。”是比较合适的。因为原句中的地点状语从句所处的位置刚好符合汉语的叙事顺序, 在这种情况下, 就可以按照原文顺序翻译。这就是顺译法。

(2) Since no one is against it, we'll adopt the proposal.

这句话翻译成“既然没有人反对, 这个议案我们就通过了。”是比较合适的。因为原句中的原因状语从句所处的位置刚好符合汉语的叙事顺序, 这样顺译来翻译就很符合语言的表达。

结论:

(1) 英语状语从句的翻译是很复杂的语言现象。

(2) 有些状语从句所处的位置刚好符合汉语的叙事顺序, 在这种情况下, 就可以按照原文的顺序进行顺译。这就是顺译法。

2 举例:

(1) I’ll let you know as soon as it is arranged.

这句话翻译成“一安排好我就通知你。”是很合适的。因为英语的构句主要靠关联词, 不在意时间顺序和逻辑顺序, 汉语则与之相反, 所以, 英译汉时, 常常需要调整主句和状语从句的语序, 以符合汉语的行文习惯。这里是将时间状语从句前提, 采用了换序的方法, 将一句话完好地表达。

(2) No matter how she juggled the figures, she and her husband were wage earners and their savings were all eaten up by the increased prices of everything.

本句如果采用顺译法, 译成“无论怎样精打细算, 她和丈夫还是靠工资收入来谋生的人, 而他们的一点储蓄都被飞涨的物价给蚀空了。”就会使人产生一种错觉, 好像“精打细算”的结果, 应该改变“她和丈夫靠工资收入来谋生”这一事实似的。而将让步状语从句后提, 翻译成“她和丈夫都属于工薪阶层, 所以, 无论她怎样精打细算, 他们的一点储蓄还是被飞涨的物价给蚀空了。”这样就说明白了这句话, 说明白了一切。

结论:

(1) 这种时间状语从句前提或者让步状语从句后提实质上都是改变了翻译的顺序。这种改变翻译顺序的译法就是换序法。

3 举例:

(1) She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o’clock, when a“very big, very tall man, ”awosted them and demanded their purses.

如果译成“她说, 那天晚上她和一个朋友出去吃晚饭, 并且在晚上大约10点一起走回家, 突然, 一个非常大、非常高的男人向他们走来, 并且要他们的钱包。”就不如把时间状语从句拆分出来, 使其单独成句。而译成“她说, 那天晚上, 她和一个朋友出去吃饭。大约10点钟, 两人步行回家。忽然一个又高又大的男人朝他们走来, 要他们交出钱包。”这样单独成句更能说明白那一天的一个又一个情况。这就是分译法。

(2) And I know that my father and his comrades were ordered to ride on the outside of tanks as they rumbled towards the Rhineland, but they camouflaged themselves so well by holding boughs and branches that only about half of them were picked off by snipers.

这句话要翻译成:“我知道我父亲和他的战友们受命在进攻莱因兰地区时坐在隆隆行驶的坦克外面, 但他们用树枝把自己巧妙地伪装起来, 只有大约半数的人被敌人的狙击手给一个个瞄准击落。”在这一句话中, 含有一个so…that…结果状语从句, 在翻译的时候, 避免了翻译腔过重之嫌, 因为汉语并不常说“如此…以致”, 而是将状语从句拆分开来, 使其单独成句, 这样把复杂的结构拆分成简单的语句而把意思说清楚。

结论:

(1) 这种将状语从句拆分, 独立成句的翻译方法叫做分译法。

(2) 英语世界之中的确有一些长句, 其结构复杂, 在翻译时, 只有分译, 只有拆分能将其意思说清楚。这就是分译法的所在。

4 举例:

(1) I didn’t know a word of English until I came here.

这句话如果翻译成:“我直到来这儿才懂得一点英语。”就不如“我来这儿之前一句英文都不懂。”将主句与从句捏合在一起, 将两句话紧缩成一个单句, 表达起来既简炼又明确, 还合乎汉语的规范。这种译法即为合译法。

(2) When he entered the room, he found them sitting together singing.

这句话如果翻译成:“当他进屋时, 他发现他们坐在一起唱歌。”就不如翻译成一句话“他进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。”这又是一个合译法。虽然原英句子有“when”, 但是译成汉语将这个词略去, 而将原来的时间状语从句与主句捏合成一句话。

结论:

(1) 有些含有状语从句的复合句在汉译时可省去主句的主语或从句的主语, 将两个句子捏合成一句话, 紧缩成一个单句。

(2) 这种译法称为“合译法”。

5 举例:

(1) Later in life, when Einstein was at asked to explain his law of relativity to a group of young students, he said“When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, you think it's only a minute.But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours.That is relativity.”

这句话的翻译为“许多年以后, 有人请爱因斯坦对一些青年学生解释他的相对论原理。他说:‘你要是跟一个漂亮的姑娘在一起呆上两个小时, 你会觉得只呆了一分钟。但你如果在灼热的火炉上呆一分钟, 你就觉得呆了两个小时。’这就是相对论。”这里是将时间状语从句转换成条件状语从句, 翻译成条件状语, 这样准确地再现原文的意思。这需要在翻译时仔细地体会, 从中把握每一句的具体处理, 将时间状语从句处理成条件状语从句译出。这种翻译方法就叫做转换法。

结论:

(1) 在英语翻译之中, 使用将时间状语从句或地点状语从句转换成条件状语从句来处理, 这种翻译方法就叫做转换法。

(2) 因为在这些状语从句中很有可能含有其他一些意思, 在翻译时只有仔细体会, 准确再现原文的意思。

6 几种方法并用的翻译

有些状语从句在汉译时并不单纯采用上述译法中的一种, 而是几种方法并用, 形成几种方法并用的翻译。

(1) As soon as he arrived, he gave us a phone call.

他一到就给我们打了一个电话。

这里将As soon as时间状语从句按照原文的顺序进行顺译与省去主句的主语, 使两句紧缩成一个单句的合译。

(2) Shall I be disturbing you if I do my typing here?

我在这里打字会吵你吗?

这里调整主句与状语从句的语序, 将状语从句提前, 主句放后, 这是采用了换序法;同时, 将主从两句紧缩成一个单句, 因为主从两句主语一致, 这又采用了合译法。

参考文献

状语从句的省略 篇8

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件时，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略：①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。例如：

She stood at the gate as if （she was） waiting for someone.

她站在门口好像在等人。

The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though （she was） angry.

这位女教师匆匆忙忙离开教室，好像生气了。

The man， while （he is） over eighty， can walk faster than I.

这人虽年过八十，却比我走得快。

Don’t speak until （you are） spoken to.

有人对你说话时你才说。

Be careful while （you are） crossing the road.

过马路时要当心。

When （it is） heated， ice can turn into water.

冰经过加热能变成水。

If （it is） possible， he will help you out of the difficulty.

如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless （it is） inconvenient to you.

除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。

另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：

I’m taller than he （is tall）.

我比他高。

The higher the temperature （is）， the greater the pressure （is）.

温度越高，压力越大。

He has no money. If （he has） any，he will give us.

他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。

Some flowers shut up at night as if （they did this in order） to sleep.

有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。

在使用条件、让步、时间、地点、方式、比较或原因等类型的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有to be的任何一种形式，而主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，使语言生动、自然、简洁，常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的部分，特别是动词be。这就是状语从句的省略。状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下几种状语从句中。

[条件状语从句的省略]

即主要由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。例如：

She won’t go to his birthday party unless （she is ） invited.

The news is quite important to us， if （it is） true.

但如果if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，也不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则可以用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：

Were it not for you， I would also go there with them.

Had you come here earlier， you would have met him.

Should it be fine tomorrow， we would go for an outing.

另外，当once作“一旦，一经”解释，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it+be时，常省略从句中的主语或it+be。例如：

Once （it was） published， his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.

Once （you） lose confidence， you can never expect to do your work well.

例1 Unless to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited B. inviting

C. being invited D. having invited

解析 A。“Unless to speak”是条件状语从句的省略，它们之间省略了you are， 原句可变为：Unless you are invited to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.

例2 If the same treatment again， he is sure to get well.

nlc202309081939

A. giving B. give

C. given D. being given

解析 C 。“If the same treatment again”也是条件状语从句的省略，它们之间省略了he is，原句可变为：If he is the same treatment again， he is sure to get well.

例3 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if regularly， can improve our health.

A. being carried out B. carrying out

C. carried out D. to carry out

解析 C。句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health；if regularly是插入的条件从句， 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise， 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语， 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致， 并且含有is， 故省略了it is， 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意：这项实验表明， 适当的运动， 如果有规律的进行， 能够有助于我们的身体健康。

[让步状语从句的省略]

即主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导的让步状语从句。例如：

Though （he had been） defeated many times， he didn't lose heart.

They worked very hard， though （he was） still rather weak.

与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：

Poor as he was， he was honest.

Hard as he tried， he still failed.

Much as I like her， I won’t marry her.

Child as he is， he can express himself in good English.

例4 She stopped to help the boy .

A. although being in a hurry

B. although be in a hurry

C. although be hurry

D. although in a hurry

解析 D。although是从属连词，故只能接从句，A选项不是从句，而是非谓语doing结构，故不能选。D选项是although接的从句，也是省略句，省略了主谓，补充完整是：although （she was） in a hurry。

[时间状语从句的省略]

即主要由when， while， as， before， after， until/till等引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When （he was） still a boy of ten， he started working to support himself.

Don’t leave the machine till （you are） told to.

I’ll let you know as soon as （it is） arranged.

但要注意，before和after虽然也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，却不能用于这类省略主语和be的结构。例如：

The plan should be discussed once again before it is carried out.

上句不能改为：The plan should be discussed once again before carried out.但可以改为：The plan should be discussed once again before being carried out. 句中before不是连词而是介词，后面的being carried out是V-ing形式短语作介词的宾语，整个句子是简单句，而不是复合句。

例5 When ， the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing

C. being completed D. to be completed

解析 A。“When completed”是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了it is， 原句可变为：When it is completed， the museum will be open to the public next year.

例6 It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when at the meeting by my boss.