if引导的条件状语从句（共9篇）
if引导的条件状语从句 篇1
解码 if 引导的条件状语从句 [课本链接 ] If you do, you’ll be sorry.(Unit 5, Section A [一语击破 ] if 引导的条件状语从句表示假如从句的动作发生,主句的动作就(不会发生。[解码句子结构 ] if 引导的条件状语从句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,也可以放在句首。放在句首时,从句后面要 用逗号和主句隔开。如: I’ll go to see you if I have time.如果有时间,我就去看你。
If it rains tomorrow, we’ ll stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家里。[解码时态呼应 ] 在复合句中:⑴ 当主句是一般现在时或是一般将来时时;(2当主句是祈使句时;(3当主句含有情 态动词时, if 引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时。如: If she doesn’t come, she will be sorry.如果她不来,她会遗憾的。Have a good rest if you are tired.如果累了,你就好好休息一下。
We must study hard if we want to pass the final exam.如果想通过期末考试,我们必须努力学习。[解码同义句转换 ] 1.用 “ 祈使句 +and / or +一般将来时的句子 ” 转换。如: If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam easily.→ Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam easily.努力学习, 你将很容易通过考试。
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.→ Hurry up, oryou’ll miss the train.快点儿,否则你就赶 不上火车了。
2.用含介词 with 或 without 的介词短语转换。如: If there is no water, fish can’t live.→ Fish can’t live without water.离开水,鱼不能生存。
if引导的条件状语从句 篇2
从总结各地历年的中考题来看, if引导的条件状语从句是每年中考命题的一个主要知识点, 从未回避过。非但如此, 在试卷中所占的分数比例也非常大, 低的时候4或5分, 高至10分以上。但是根据调查和了解, 这个知识点不仅成为学生失分的重要地方, 而且也是教师教学效果不佳的教学内容方面之一。其实, 如果我们仔细地统计和分析一下多年来这个知识点在中考题中命题的方向、出现形式、考查的重点和所占的比例等, 就不难发现在初中阶段学生应掌握的有关if引导的从句知识并不多, 而且都是有规律可循。
if引导的条件状语从句从根本来说, 可以分为两大类, 一类是真实性条件状语从句;一类为非真实性条件状语从句。非真实的也就是我们部分老师平时所称的虚拟语气。在初中阶段, 真实性条件状语从句是学生掌握和中考考查的重点, 非真实性的只需要掌握其中的一个方面, 考查的频率相对较弱一些。
二、if引导的真实性条件状语从句
1. 概念
真实性条件状语从句说简单一些就是从句所表达的情况, 是实现主句所表达情况的条件, 而且从句表达的情况一定是通过努力可以实现的。
例.We won’t go to the beach if it rains tomorrow.
2. 特点
一般情况下, 无论是主句还是从句都用陈述语序。
3. 主句与从句的谓语关系
在真实性条件状语从句中, 主句和从句的谓语关系有下列三种情况, 我们一般将其总结为主将从现、祁使从现、情态从现。
(1) 主将从现, 即主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时
译文:如果玛丽下周周末有时间, 她将会去动物园。
译文:如果你不努力学习, 你将不会通过考试。
(2) 祁使从现, 即主句是祈使句, 从句用一般现在时
译文:如果他努力的话, 让他试试。
译文:如果你有了好的主意, 不要放弃。
(3) 情态从现, 即主句的谓语是情态动词+动词原形, 那么, 从句的时态就用一般现在时
译文:如果你帮助我, 我能做的很好。
译文:如果她努力学习, 她能学得更好。
三、if引导的非真实性条件状语从句
if引导的非真实性条件状语从句在初中阶段涉及的内容不多, 难度也不深。主要的就是与现在事实相反这一种。即主句假设的情况是永远都不会实现的。它的谓语构成为从句“were/did”、主句“could/would/should might+do”。
译文:如果我是你, 我会去试试。 (事实是我永远都会是你)
译文:如果她是你, 她会买下那个包 (事实是她永远都会是你) 。
参考文献
[1]王淑珍, 单先健.蓝飓风英语至尊钻石语法.中国对外翻译出版公司, 2005.
[2]王建军.高中语法各个击破丛书 (语法分册) .黑龙江人民出版社, 2000.
[3]刘增利.倍速中考复习法.北京教育出版社, 2008.
[4]李永生.英语实用语法.光明日报出版社, 1990.
if引导的条件状语从句 篇3
—Mike wants to know if________a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it________, we’ll visit the museum instead.
A. you have; will rain
B. you will have; will rain
C. you will have; rains
D. will you have; rains
正确答案应该是C。为什么同样一个if，后面所接的时态却不相同呢？这要从if引导的条件状语从句说起。
条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，在初中阶段常由if(如果)引导，表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。例如：
Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话，请给我打电话。
条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为“否则”。例如：
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.
= Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.
= Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。
在学习条件状语从句时，同学们要注意以下几点：
一、时态呼应
一般来讲，复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律，状语从句也不例外。即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。具体地讲，主句是一般现在时(包括祈使句和含有情态动词can, may, must等)，从句也用一般现在时。例如：
Have a good rest if you are tired. 如果你累了，就好好休息一会儿吧。
You must see the doctor if you are ill. 如果你生病了，就必须去看医生。
这里提醒大家特别要注意：如果主句是一般将来时态，这时从句不可以用将来时态，而要用一般现在时。例如：
I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不和你一起去那儿了。
If we do nothing, there will be only standing room on the earth. 假如我们不采取任何措施，地球上将只有站的地方了。
二、主从句的位置
大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。例如：
Please tell me if he comes back.
= If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。
三、if的两面性
if引导条件状语从句时意为“如果”，如果引导宾语从句则意为“是否”。请比较：
1) We will go out if it is fine tomorrow.
2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.
句1) 中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好，我们就出去”。句2) 中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，整个句子的意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
通过以上讲解，同学们应该知道本文开头那道中考题的答案为什么选C了吧？再做几道题巩固一下吧！
[实战演练]
句型转换（同义转换）
1. A. You must be quick. If not, you’ll miss the early bus.
B.______quick,______you’ll miss the early bus.
2. A: Put on your coat, or you’ll catch a cold.
B:______you______put on your coat, you’ll catch a cold.
3. A. If you don’t help me, I can’t finish my work on time.
B.______help, I can’t finish my work on time.
4. A. If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
B.______play basketball here，______you may break the windows.
Keys：1. Be, or
2. If; don’t
3. Without your
初中状语从句讲解(时间、条件) 篇4
（一）一、什么是状语？
状语是在句中起重要辅助作用的一类句子成分，用于辅助说明
时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步（共八种功能）；句中，状语一般由副词或副词性的词组、句子充当（修饰动词、形容词，甚至句子和副词本身）。
标出下列句子的状语：
当将上述状语改为用连接词引导的句子时，全句就被称为状语从句。根据状语在句中的不同作用，又将其划分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步状语从句。
标出下列句子的状语：
1.Everything is OK as it was in the past.2.Loves miss each other when they are apart.3.Whenever I take exams, my mind blanks out.4.More and more college students, prefer to stay in dorm.二、初中状语从句重点：时间、条件状语从句。
（一）时间状语从句中的连接词：
When / while / asafter / before / since
As soon astill（不可用于句首）/ until By the time
（解释以上连接词的意思）
（二）时间状语从句中的时态：
1.You begin to know something when you think you know nothing.2.The president laughed as he spoke.3.By the end of this year, it will be four months since they joined the army.4.We went home after we had finished the work.5.My father had left for Canada before the letter arrived.时态的一致性：主句从句
现在时现在时/过去时将来时现在时/过去时过去时过去时
提问：为什么有些动作会用进行时/完成时表示？ 观察下列句子中的动词：
While my mom was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.While my mom came in, I was watching TV.My mom was reading the newspaper while I came in.Jack left the office after he(had)finished the report.The writer had written many unknown books before he got famous overnight.（三）条件状语从句的连接词和时态：
Unlessif
时态一致性：主句从句将来时现在时（过去将来时过去时）翻译下列句子：
1.如果叫他的话他会帮你忙的。If you ask him, he will help you.2.除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。
The game will be held unless it rains.3.If I were you, I would not be so stupid.如果我是你，我不会那么笨的。
练习：
____ the days went on, the weather got worse.A.WithB.SinceC.While D.As
Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.A.slipped;was lookingB.had slipped;looked C.slipped;had lookedD.was slipping;looked
He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________.A.before he can recoverB.after he can recoverC.before he could recoverD.after he could recover They ____ the train _____ it disappeared in the distance.A.watch, afterB.watched, untilC.watched, afterD.watch, until It’s years ____ I met an old friend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since
If you _____(open up)your mind, you ______(find)the world is full of joy.The stars are shining in the sky.There was no air pollution.(用when连接两个句子)
状语从句的用法相关知识讲解 篇5
状语从句的用法
表示时间：
When she arrives here, call me.
当她到了，叫我。
I was going out when the phone rang.
我正要出门，突然电话响了。
Lily listening while she is dancing.
莉莉一边听一边跳。
表示地点：
You should stand up where you fell down.
你应该在摔倒的地方爬起来.
Wherever you go, keep this in mind.
无论你去哪里，都要牢记这一条。
表示原因：
The workers had tostop their work because it was raining hard.
工人们只得停止干活，因为在下大雨。
Since you know it already, we don’t need to keep it a secret.
既然你已经知道了，我们没有必要保密了。
Now that everyone is here, we may as well start our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们不妨开始开会。
It must be light now, for I can hear many people walking on the street.
准是天亮了，因为我听见很多人在街上行走了。
As he likes it very much, I will give it to him.
由于他非常喜欢这东西，我打算送给他。
表示结果：
Jane is so fat that she doesn’t dare to eat pork.
珍妮非常肥胖，她不敢吃猪肉了。
Robbie is such a nice boy that everyone likes to be with him.
状语从句复习 篇6
(1) --- 基本概念、难点和易错点 状语从句的难点在于对较为复杂的连接词的理解。 1. 时间状语从句 时间状语从句的连接词较为复杂，尤其要注意某些关联词之间的区别。 连接词: when; whenever; as; while; until; once; as soon as; before; after; since; ever since; … 例句： * I’ll tell him when /as soon as /after he comes back. *Boards are laid down to protect the stones while the repair work is going on. (while此时强调在…期间。) *As he spoke two men came down the garden path. (As此时强调时间状语从句的动作与主句动作同时发生。) *He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (when此时强调时间的一点。) * Three months passed before I realized it. * It’ll be years before we can see each other again. (以上两句中的before基本含义是“在… 之前”，但在中文表达上却要有十分灵活的译法, 如第一句译为“不知不觉三个月过去了。第二句译为 “我们要过好多年才能再见。) * I have been writing a play ever since / since I came over. (ever since 是since 的强调形式，意为“自从… 起至今”，since/ever since 引导的从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。) * Once you begin you couldn’t stop. (once 意为“一旦”，= from the moment that ) * Whenever he stayed home in the evening he went to bed early. (这里需注意whenever与 when的区别。whenever = any time when,指多次。when则指某一次如：When he stayed home last Sunday evening, he went to bed early.) * He didn’t leave until I came back ( not… until意为“直到……才”全句译为“他直到我回来才走。”上面的句子还可以用另种方式表达He stayed until I came back.可以看出didn’t leave = stayed, until是指主句的动作直延续until后的动作发生为止 练习(练习答案在本单元结束时给出。) 1. She comes to talk to me ___ she feels lonely 2. ____ you object to (反对)a man, everything he does is wrong。 3. We haven’t seen each other _____we saw last。 4. I never ______ yesterday spoke of it to anyone. 5. I will be kind to him _____ you are away. 6. I will tell him about it ___ he comes back. 7. It was a long time ___ I got to sleep again. 8. It won’t be long ___ you’ll have to recycle your rubbish. 2.地点状语从句 连接词 where, wherever 地点状语从句的连接词较为简单wherever = any where 练习： 1. Wuhan lies ___ the Changjiang and Han River meet. 2. ______ I live there are plenty of sheep. 3. _____ I am I will be thinking of you. 4. They went ______ they could find work. 3.原因状语从句 连接词 because; as; since; now that(既然); for 例句：
*He didn’t go to school because his mother was ill. (because从句表主句动作发生的直接原因，常常位于主句后.) *Since /Now that/ As you can’t answer the question, perhaps we’d better ask someone else. (since, as, no that意为“既然”，它们表原因的口气较because弱，它们引导的从句常常位于主句之前。) * It must be 6 o’clock in the morning, for the birds are singing. (显然for引导的从句the birds are singing决不是It must be 6 o’clock的直接原因，而是表说话人在主句中表达的推测的根据. 练习： 1. _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting。 2. I do it _____I like it. 3. He must have realized my surprise, ______ he smiled as he repaired my shoes. 4. He must have arrived in Shanghai, _____ he left two days ago. 4.条件状语从句 连接词： if; unless ; as (so) long as (只要);suppose ( 假设); on condition that (条件是); … 例句： * You’ll be late unless you hurry. * You’ll be late if you don’t hurry. (可以看出 unless = if … not ) * As (So) long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to solve the problem. ( as (so) long as 意为 “只要… 就…”) * Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? (suppose 意为 “万一” “假设”) * We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. (on condition that在此句中可译为“如果”，但其实际含义为“以…为条件”。) 练习： 1. I am happy _______ you are happy. 2. _______ your father saw you what would he say? 3. He was allowed to go swimming _____ he kept near the other boys. 练习答案： 时间状语从句 1. whenever 2. Once 3. since / ever since 4. until 5. while 6. when / after/ as soon as 7. before 8. before 地点状语从句
状语从句复习(2)
--- 基本概念、难点和易错点
5. 目的状语从句
连接词：
in order that; so that; that; in case (以免); for fear that (唯恐);…
例句：
*Let’s hurry so that / in order that / that we can catch the early bus.
(so that = in order that, that 是so that 的省略形式)
* We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, for fear that it might start trouble.
(显然, for fear that 与上句中的关联词含义正好相反,表达“担心”或“不愿发生”的结果。)
* Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
(in case 意为 “以防万一”)
练习：
1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _____.
2. He is working hard ______ he should fall behind.
3. We sent the letter by air mail _______ it might reach them in good time.
6. 结果状语从句
连接词：
so… that; such… that; so that; that; so;…
例句：
* We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
* He was so excited that he could hardly go to sleep.
* He didn’t plan the time well, so that (so) he didn’t finish the work on time.
* What has happened that you all look so excited?
( so that 既可引导目的状语从句又可引导结果状语从句, 一般讲,表目的状语从句中有may, might, can, could 出现, 如: We sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in good time. 另外, 表结果时, 还可用 that或so, 它们相当于 so that.)
练习：
1. He got up late _____ he missed the early bus.
2. This is ______ a good film _____ everybody wants to see it.
7. 让步状语从句
连接词：
though (although); 虽然
even if (even though); 即使;即便
no matter(who/ what/ where/ …); 无论谁 (什么, 哪 …)
( = whoever; whatever, wherever, …)
例句：
* Although/ though I tried several times, I failed in the end.
* Even if he comes here, he won’t help us.
* However much I tried, I failed to work it out.
* No matter where he goes, he is always ready to help others.
练习：
1. We’ll try to finish the work in time ____ we are short of manpower.
2. You mustn’t be conceited (骄傲)______ you’ve achieved great success.
3. Do what you think is right ______ difficulties you may have.
练习答案:
目的状语从句
1. in case 2. for fear that 3. so that / that / in order that
结果状语从句
1. so that / so / that 2. such … that
让步状语从句
1. though; although / even if; even though
( though; although 表示我们缺人手; 虽然缺, 也要尽力完成工作. ; even if; even though 则表示我们不一定缺人手, 即便缺,也要…)
2. though; although / even if; even though (区别同上)
3. whatever / no matter what
状语从句复习(3)
--- 基本概念检测
I. 单项选择
1. _____ Mary is grown up, it doesn’t mean that she can do whatever she likes.
A. Because B. After C. Though D. Since
2. You had better go home and feed the cat ______ it decides to bite the furniture.
A. until B. before C. after D. when
3. Let’s begin our class ______ everybody is here.
A. although B. until C. even if D. now that
4. He was about to leave _______ I got there.
A. until B. when C. before D. as soon as
5. _____ days went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
6. I will start to work ______ I am given enough money.
A. unless B. though C. as long as D. even if
7. He never thought that his success came ______ he least wanted it.
A. while B. until C. since D. when
8. It will not be long _______ we meet again.
A. before B. soon C. since D. after
9. You are going to miss the bus ______ you hurry.
A. even B. if C. how D. unless
10. ______ reason, you should not have refused his invitation.
A. However B. What C. Whatever D. No matter
11. You may leave the classroom when you ____ writing.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished
12. ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
13. She was ill, ______ she didn’t come to school this morning.
A. since B. because C. as D. for
14. Write clearly ______ your teacher can understand you correctly.
A. since B. for C. because D. so that
15. Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
16. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
17. ________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
18. --- What was the party like?
--- Wonderful. It was years _______ I had enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
19. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
20. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
21. --- I’m going to the post office.
--- _______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
22. The WTO cannot live up to its name _______ it does not include a country that is
home to one fifth of mankind.
A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though
23. --- I got ________ I am by hard work.
--- No, you didn’t. You got ________ with your father’s money.
A. there; where B. where; there C. there; there D. where; where
24. ______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
25. I ________ to bed until father came back.
A. went B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. would go
26. I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her ________ she is.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. although
27. ________ I live, I will work for my country.
A. So far B. So long as C. If D. While
28. Most plants need sunlight just _______ they need water.
A. because B. when C. as D. for
29. ________ you are willing to bring your camera, we could still take some pictures.
A. Although B. Because C. No matter how D. Whether or not
30. _______ I tried, I couldn’t fill the pen with ink.
A. Whatever B. However C. When D. Whenever
答案:
1---5 CBDBD 6---10 CDADC 11---15 CDDDD
16---20 DBDBA 21---25 BCBAC 26---30 BBCDB
注释:
No. 5 : as 意为 “随着”
No. 7: when 指时间的 “一点”, 此句指 “他在最不抱希望的那一刻获得了成功.”
No. 11 : 状语从句中的动作如发生在将来,时态要用一般现在时, 如强调动作的
结果, 可用现在完成时。
No. 12: 注意，所有从句都要用陈述语序，另外，however 与late 不可分。
No. 13: She was ill, 实际是说话人的一种推测，即：She must have been ill.
No. 15:job 后非定语从句，故A和C都是错误的，全句意为“当(时间的一点)
你已经得到这么好的工作的时候，干吗还要再找新的工作呢?”
No. 19:as well as 引导的是比较状语从句。全句意为“ John踢足球如果不比David
好，至少也和他一样好。
No. 21:对话第一句表明对话前者已决定去邮局，故D错;另外去邮局和帮买邮
票也不存在因果关系，故C错;while 此时强调“在… 期间”。
No.24: 全句意为“既然(now that)你能得到这样一个机会，你也完全可以充分利
用它。
No. 28: as 意为“正如”。
No. 29: we could still take some pictures 意为“我们仍旧可以照相”，由此判定从
句意为“无论你愿不愿意带相机”， 故D为正确选项。
由以上分析可以看出，状语从句连接词的确定主要取决于句子的含义，在有上下文时，更要注意上下文的提示作用;而正确理解状语从句的含义，对于理解结构复杂的文章则起着至关重要的作用。
Where引导的地点状语从句 篇7
Where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的差异
我们首先来看下面这组例句:
1. a. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live where mosquitoes transmit malaria.
b. Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in climate zone where mosquitoes transmit malaria.
a. 全球大约有45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的区域。
b. 全球大约有45%的人口生活在蚊子传播疟疾的气候区域。
在例句a和b中都有一个where引导的从句“where mosquitoes transmit malaria”,而且都可译成“蚊子传播疟疾的地方”,但是两个where从句在性质和功能上是不同的。具体来说,例句a中的where引导的从句是一个地点状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语动词live,即作为状语表示“居住”的地点。而例句b中的where引导的从句是一个定语从句,用来修饰名词climate zone,即作为定语来限定名词。
通过比较上述两个例句,笔者总结出where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句具有如下三方面的差异:
一、句子结构上的不同
若where引导的是定语从句,where前面必然有表示地点(或抽象地点)的名词,即先行词,如例句b中的where前面有先行词climate zone。若where引导的是地点状语从句,则它前面没有表示地点的名词,比如上面例句a中where前面没有表示地点的名词,只有动词live。
二、Where的作用不同
Where在这两类从句中所起的作用也是不同的。当where引导定语从句时,where是指代地点名词,在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰的是从句的谓语。比如,在上面例句b中,where指代的是in climate zone,修饰定语从句中的谓语transmit,相当于说“mosquitoes transmit malaria in climate zone”,表示“蚊子在这样的气候区域传播疟疾”。
当where引导地点状语从句时,where在从句中不充当地点状语。Where所引导的地点状语从句修饰的是主句的谓语,充当的是主句谓语的地点状语成分。如例句a中的地点状语从句“where mosquitoes transmit malaria”修饰的是主句谓语live,表示live的地点是“蚊子传播疟疾的地方”。
三、 Where引导地点状语从句时,where不能改写成“介词+which”
我们知道,定语从句中的where可以改写成“介词+which”的形式。如上面的例句b,我们可以将其中的where替换成in which,即:
Approximately 45 percent of the world’s population live in climate zone in which mosquitoes transmit malaria.
相比之下,地点状语从句中的where是不能替换为“介词+which”的。
综上所述,where引导的地点状语从句与主句的谓语之间存在逻辑语义关系,表示动作发生的地点;而where引导的定语从句则是与where前面的地点(或抽象地点)名词之间存在逻辑语义关系,用来限定名词。
Where引导的地点状语从句的语义特点
Where引导的地点状语从句可以置于句末,也可以置于句首,但是所表达的含义有所区别。当where引导的状语从句置于句末时,一般表示地点;而当where引导的状语从句位于句首时,则具有对比、条件或时间的意味。下面笔者将分别举例说明。
一、Where状语从句在句末:表示地点(或抽象地点)
Where引导的地点状语从句置于句末时,修饰主句中的谓语,表示动作发生的地点。例如:
2. Hero worship is strongest where there is least regard for human freedom.
在人的自由最不受到尊重的地方,英雄崇拜最盛行。
这是英国哲学家、“社会达尔文主义之父”赫伯特·斯宾塞(Herbert Spencer)的一句名言。在本句中,地点状语从句“where there is least regard for human freedom”修饰谓语部分“is strongest”,表示“英雄崇拜最盛行”的地方是哪里。
二、Where状语从句在句首:含有对比(contrast)意味
当Where引导的状语从句置于句首时,这个从句与主句在语义上可以形成对比的意味。比如下面这句话:
3. Where most people saw nothing but a hardened criminal, I saw a lonely and desperate man.
许多人只看见一个冷酷无情的罪犯,但我看到的却是一个孤独而绝望的男人。
在这个例句中,where所引导的状语从句与后面的主句在内容上形成了鲜明的对比,这便体现了where引导的状语从句放在句首时的语义特点之一 ——对比意味。
三、Where状语从句在句首:含有条件(condition) 意味
Where引导的状语从句放在句首,也可以表达条件的意味。比如在奥巴马就职演说中有这样一段话:
4. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works, whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end.
今天,我们的问题不在于政府的大小,而在于政府能否起作用、能否帮助每个家庭找到薪水合适的工作、能否提供他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给予肯定的答案,我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案给予的答案是否定的,我们就选择终止。
在这一例句中,我们可以发现,“the answer is yes”是“move forward (继续推行方案)”的条件,而“the answer is no”是“program will end (终止方案)”的条件。
另外,英语中有“Where there is …, there is …”这样的句式,其中where引导的状语从句同样具有条件意味。现列出几句,供读者揣摩:
Where there is a will, there is a way.
(有志者,事竟成。)
Where there is life, there is hope.
(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。)
Where there is love, there is hope.
(有爱,就有希望。)
Where there is great love, there are always miracles.
(哪里有真爱,哪里就有奇迹。)
四、Where状语从句在句首:含有时间(time)意味
奥巴马在胜选演说中,使用了著名的“Yes we can”排比句,其中最后一句是这样说的:
5.... where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes we can.
当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑,当有人说我们办不到的时候,我们要以诠释了美国精神的这个永恒的信条来回应他们:不,我们能做到。
状语从句连词意思总结 篇8
2.…的时候 the moment
3.一 / 刚…就…（三个表
达）as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than 4.每当(三个表达)whenever, each / every time 5.直到… until
6.直到…才… not…until… 7.无论哪里 wherever
8.在…的地方 where
9.就是因为、仅仅是因为 just / only because
10.是因为…(用强调句型
表示)
It is / was because / because of… that…
11.不是因为…而是因为… not because…but because 12.既然(两个表达)since, now that
13.由于(三个表达)as, seeing / considering that 14.因为…的原因
for the reason that…
15.因为、由于…的事实(三个表达)
because of / due to / owing to the fact that…
16.如此…以致于…(两个
表达)so…that, such…that
17.因此(结果)、为了 / 以便(目的)(两个表达)so that, that
18.为了 / 以便
in order that
19.以防(目的)、万一(条
件)in case
20.以免，唯恐(两个表达)lest, for fear that 21.除非 unless
22.只要(两个表达)as / so long as
23.尽管、虽然(三个表达)though, although,even
though
24.即使、纵然、就算、哪
怕 even if
25.as, though解释为“虽
然”的倒装结构 n./ adj./ adv.+ as / though + S + V
v.+ as / though + S + 情态动词
26.无论什么
whatever = no matter what 27.无论谁
whoever = no matter who 28.无论哪一个
whichever = no matter which 29.无论怎样
however = no matter how 30.无论…还是…
whether…or… = no matter whether…or…
31.好像，仿佛(两个表达)as if, as though
32.与…一样…(两个同级比较结构)
as…as…, the same(height / size / age / width / depth)as 33.在…当中最…(最高程度表达)
the +-est + 比较范围
34.比任何其他的…要更
加…(最高程度表达)-er + than + any other + sing n.,-er + than + any of the other + pl.n.35.没什么与…一样…(最高程度表达)否定词 + as…as
36.没什么比…更加…(最高
程度表达)否定词 +-er
37.没有 / 不如…那样…
(两个较低程度比较)not as / so…as…, less + 原级 + than
38.在…当中最不…(最低
程度比较)the least + 原级 + 比较范围
39.越来越…
-er and –er, more and more + 原级
40.越…越…
the +-er…the +-er 41.与…一样不… no +-er + than 42.…不比…更 not +-er + than
43.与其说…不如说… more…than…
44.超过；不仅仅；非常 more than
45.while做连词的三个意思 当…；虽然，尽管(放句首)；然而(引导并列句)
动词短语,状语从句专练 篇9
1.To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.A.turned outB.turned upC.set outD.set up
2.All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.A.gave offB.gave upC.gave awayD.gave out
3.If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.A.work overB.work outC.work upD.work in
4.“Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A.held upB.set upC.sent upD.brought up
5.I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.A.give upB.put upC.hang upD.ring up
6.Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.A.die downB.die outC.die awayD.die off
7.My study of biology has ______ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.A.taken offB.taken downC.taken upD.taken away
8.The plan___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).A.broke downB.pulled downC.turned downD.put down
9.The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.A.asked forB.called forC.looked forD.paid for
10.John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.A.let outB.give awayC.bring inD.make up
11.I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.A.put up withB.get rid ofC.have effect onD.keep away from
12.The mother often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.A.hold back fromB.keep out ofC.break away fromD.get rid of
13.To my surprise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.A.cut offB.held upC.brought downD.kept back
14.Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.A.take upB.make upC.work outD.carry out
15.Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.A.give outB.give inC.give awayD.give off
16.You should ______ what your parents expect of you.A.live up toB.stand up toC.look up toD.run up to
17.I can hardly believe my eyes.What a poor composition you have _______.There are so many wrong spellings in it.A.turned intoB.turned offC.turned toD.turned in
18.“Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea!I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A.look afterB.take care ofC.see aboutD get down to
19.How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A.set outB.set offC.set overD.set up
20.Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.A.take onB.dress upC.put onD.get into
状语从句
1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when
2.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until
3._______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A.Even thoughB.UnlessC.As long asD.whileYou will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.A.even ifB.as thoughC.as long asD.unless
5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes.He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.”
A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when
6._____ I suggest, he always disagrees.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whoever
7.You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.A.whereB.in whichC.atD.for them
8._____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever
9.Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said.A.whileB.as soon asC.suddenlyD.then
10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother.Don’t be so rude to her.A.WhateverB.WhatC.WhicheverD.Whenever
11.____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A.Now thatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.As soon as
12.I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her.A.first timeB.for the first timeC.the first timeD.by the first time
13.Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown!
A.in caseB.so thatC.in order thatD.when
14.Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when
15.He is better than _______ I last visited him.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which
16._______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint.A.So long asB.Even thoughC.SinceD.While
17.________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.A.WhileB.AsC.SinceD.Because
18._______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A.As long asB.As far asC.Just asD.Even if
19._______ rich one may be there is always something one wants.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.Wherever
20.John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A.whichB.whenC.so thatD.as if