大学英语四级阅读模拟预测题

2024-07-24

大学英语四级阅读模拟预测题（通用6篇）

大学英语四级阅读模拟预测题篇1

When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change―at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.

As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②

1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .

A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language

B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns

C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history

D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage

2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.

A. Changes in the forms of words.

B. Changes in sentence structures.

C. Changes in spelling rules.

D. Words that have similar meanings.

3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.

B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.

C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.

D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.

4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .

A. historian B. philosopher C. anthropologist D. linguist

5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language.

B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.

C. Our changing language.

D. Some characteristics of modern English.

Vocabulary

1. span n. 跨度，范围，一段时间，期间

2. imperceptible adj. 感觉不到的，觉察不到的，极细微的

3. organism n. 生物体，有机体

4. possession n. 拥有，占有，领土，领地

5. ignorant adj. 无知的 6. folk n. 人们，民族

7. permanence n. 永久，持久

8. Anglo-Saxons n. 盎格鲁―撒克逊语，盎格鲁―撒克逊人，地道的英国人

9. reversal n. 颠倒，反向，逆转 10. inflection n. 词尾变化

11. preposition n. 前置词，介词

12. conjunction n. 联合，关联，连接词

13. in terms of 根据，按照，用……的话，在……方面

长难句解析

①【解析】“who”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“the common, ignorant folk”。“much as”引导状语从句。“kitchen pots and pans”意为“锅碗瓢盆”。【译文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至无知民众的财产，他们每天都像使唤他们的牲畜和锅碗瓢盆一样用着语言。

②【解析】此句为一个复合倒装句。“until”引导一个并列句，前一句的主语是“a tendency”，“to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew”作“tendency”的定语，第二句的主语也是“a tendency”，

“to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定语，“in which”引导的定语从句修饰“ways”。【译文】例如在18世纪一种产生于各种来源的趋势把语言固定在一个不常使用和不利于语言发展的模式中，而到了当今，主流是要反复研究、评价人们说话、写作中的语言实践。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。

1.B细节题。根据题干回原文中定位，阅读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子，这往往都是考点所在。这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家态度的转变。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。根据文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践，而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项B符合文章的意思。

2.A词汇题。要根据上下文的信息判断单词的意思。文章在第二段中间再次提到inflection时说，A few inflections, however, have survived. 后面文章又举了WHO/WHOM和ME/I为例说明inflection，这是一篇关于语言学的文章，从例子可以看出inflection的意思应该是“单词的变形”，选项A正确。

3.A细节题。根据文章的内容，选项A“普遍认为15是现代英语的起点”在文章中没有提及，故为正确答案。文章第二句说The history of our language has always been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我们语言的历史是一个不断变化的历史――在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉，在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推断一些其他的语言对英语的发展有重大影响，选项B符合文章的意思。

4.D词汇题。此题考查考生的推测能力和词汇量，文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节，最适当的答案应该是D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A答案(历史学家)和C答案(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。B答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。

5.C主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化，但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项A不对，选项C作为文章的题目最为贴切。选项B只是文章阐述的一个方面，不够全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点，所以选项D也失之于片面。

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大学英语四级阅读模拟预测题篇2

关键词：CET4,阅读信息匹配题,应试技巧

1. 大学英语四级考试阅读部分题型变化及其新要求

根据全国大学英语四、六级考试改革委员会2013年8月14日下发的通知, “自2013年12月考次起, 将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。其中, 在阅读部分, 原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解, 篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子, 每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落, 要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题, 有的段落可能不对应任何一题。”根据通知的描述, 原来的快速阅读部分将变成长篇阅读, 但是对于广大考生来说, 值得庆幸的是, 文章的长度和难度并没有发生变化, 只是考试题型发生了变化。由原来快速阅读的7道单选题、3道填空题变为10道信息匹配题, 每题仍占1%的分值。虽然文章的难度和长度没有变, 但是新题型仍然给考生提出了新的要求。

首先, 文章后面的10道信息匹配题并不是按照文章段落的先后顺序来排列 (从样题可以看出, 第1句对应的是文章第4段, 而第9句对应的却是文章第1段) , 因此不能用以前做快速阅读的那种题文同步、看一题做一题的方法。

第二, 以前的快速阅读部分的文章每部分都配有小标题, 方便考生快速定位查找信息的范围, 一旦找到所需信息, 就快速的将注意力转移到下一题, 其余无用信息则无需再阅读以便节约时间。从新的长篇阅读样题中, 文章没有小标题, 考生很难快速地理清文章结构, 也就很难快速的将后面每个题的信息在文章当中快速定位。同时, 根据通知的说明, 有的段落可能对应两题, 有的段落可能不对应任何一题。这就要求考生必须要通读全文, 并且在阅读的过程中要有较强的信息筛选能力和细节信息串联能力。

第三, 从考试委员会所给样题来看, 文章后面的10道题虽然均能从原文中找到相对应的句子, 但大都在原文用语上进行了同义替换或改写, 而并非照抄原文用词。以样卷第47题为例, “Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9percent.”在原文D段当中, 我们可以找到与之相搭配的句子是“Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800, 000 in 1975 to 2.5million in2004.”不难看出, 47题的句子是对原文的同义转换或改写。不过, 替换和改写的模式与一般选择题中正确答案的替换、改写方式一致。替换、改写一般也只发生在语言层面, 不涉及逻辑和推理。这与四六级其他部分选择题正确答案的特征也还是一致的, 但是对考生的阅读理解能力还是提出了一定要求。

第四, 根据四、六考试委员会对试卷的描述, 新的信息匹配题与之后的一篇选词填空和两篇传统阅读一共给了40分钟时间, 信息匹配题这个部分尽可能将用时控制在10—15分钟之内。与以前的快速阅读题相比, 新的信息匹配题的10道题的顺序不是按文章段落的顺序排列, 并且一个段落可能对应两道题的答案;没有小标题, 必须要通读全文;10道题的语句大都在原文用语上进行了同义替换或改写, 而并非照抄原文用词;但是时间只有10分钟左右, 这就对考生的信息定位查找能力、文章速读能力和阅读理解能力提出了更高的要求。

2. 大学英语四级新题型信息匹配题应试技巧

从信息匹配题的要求来看, 考生不仅要在15分钟内读完1400词左右的全文, 还要将文后的10道题准确地与文章段落中的信息相匹配。为了能够快速准确地完成这10道题, 在扎实英语语言知识的基础上, 掌握一定的解题技巧是必要的。以下, 本文将详细地介绍解题步骤及每一步所需的解题技巧。

首先, 快速阅读文章标题, 预测文章内容和文章类型。以王长喜预测题中阅读新题型专项练习第一篇文章标题“When Mom and Dad Grow Old”为例, 考生能猜出文章可能是关于父母年老之后, 可能出现的一些问题的讨论。文章也可能是议论文。再比如, 第三篇文章标题“Want to Know Your Disease Risk?Check Your Exposome”为例, 就算考生不认识单词“exposome”也能够预测出这可能是一篇科普类说明文, 内容是要说明“disease risk”和“exposome”之间的关系。另外, 通过阅读标题, 能为考生在确定文后10道题中的关键信息提供参考。以王长喜预测题中阅读新题型第二篇文章标题“Americans and Their cars”为例, “Americans”、“America”以及“US”等词就不再作为关键词, 因为整篇文章内容都将是与美国人或美国相关的。

第二步, 仔细阅读文后10道题, 勾划出关键词。关键词应该是文中易于查找的细节, 并且最好是2个以上词汇, 比如数字、大写词、核心名词、态度词汇等。以王长喜预测题中阅读新题型专项练习第一篇文章53题为例, “According to Statistics Canada, most Canadian seniors older than 65 live independently until they die.”考生可将“Statistics Canada”, “65”和“most Canadian seniors”作为关键词。再如第二篇文章第47题 (“People who are concerned about the immense cost involved oppose the expansion of public transit.”) , 考生可将“the immense cost involved”和“oppose the expansion of public transit”定为关键词。另外, 值得考生注意的是, 如果文后的10道题反复出现同一个名词, 那这个名词就失去了作为关键词的参考意义, 应该注意句中的其他词, 如这个名词后的动词。比如, 在第一篇文章后的10道题中, “Nancy Woods”出现在了4道题中, 其中47题和52题说的是“Nancy Woods’father”, 48题和51题说的是“Nancy Woods’parents”。对每一道题就还需要再明确2个关键词以便快速在文中查找。如47题 (“When Nancy Woods’father got to know their tragic plight, he finally agreed to move out of their apartment.”) , 考生还可将“tragic plight”和“move out of their apartment”作为关键词。

第三步, 有的放矢地通读全文, 查找并定位信息。在通读全文的过程中, 考生一定要注意把握好节奏和明确阅读的目的。对于无用信息快速浏览, 一晃而过, 考生要记住阅读的目的是查找信息而不是理解文章, 所以不用停下来思考句子的含义, 对于文中不认识的单词、短语更是不用在意。但是一旦出现在10道题中标注过的关键词, 立刻查找是哪一道题需要的信息, 并在关键词下写上题号, 以便稍后将题和文章比对做判断。然后将题再看一眼, 明确还需要哪些关键词后接着读文章, 继续查找并最终做出判断。如阅读王长喜预测题中阅读新题型专项练习第一篇文章为例, 在快速阅读到第一段第三行时, 第49题的第一个关键词“Clarissa Green”出现, 考生可以在这个大写词下面标上“49”, 然后再看49题, 通过读题可以发现还需要查找“adult children”、“try to”和“parents’grieving”等关键词。接着读文章, 在第四行可以找到句子“Adult children, she says, need to try to join their parents in grieving their decline” (成年子女需要努力与父母共同承受父母对衰老的悲伤) 和49题题干“adult children should try to share their fragile parents’grieving feelings” (努力分担父母的悲伤情绪) 是同义反复, 因此可以判断49题的信息是出现在A段。以此类推, 有的放矢地读完全文, 找出所有题的答案, 注意有的段落可能对应两题, 有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

3. 结语

信息匹配题阅读能力的提高除了掌握一定的技巧之外还要多练习, 熟悉各种文章类型, 改正不好的阅读习惯, 不断提高解题速度。由于是新题型, 考生可以先以专项练习的形式巩固解题技巧, 找到做题的感觉, 把握好节奏并将时间控制在10分钟左右。然后考前每天都应该做一篇以上的练习直到考试, 争取将10%的分值全部得到, 和原来的快速阅读一样, 将本题变成四级的“送分题”。

参考文献

[1]大学英语四、六级考试委员会.关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明, 2013, 8.

[2]大学英语四、六级考试委员会.大学英语四级考试新题型样题, 2013, 8.

[3]王长喜.王长喜新题型新试卷.北京教育出版社, 2013.

大学英语四级阅读模拟预测题篇3

摘要：大学英语六级的仔细阅读部分在整个六级试题中占据了重要地位，仔细阅读的细节题更是占到了仔细阅读部分的80%以上。本文结合2015年12月六级真题第一套的仔细阅读部分探讨仔细阅读细节题的解题步骤及技巧，以帮助考生在仔细阅读部分取得高分。

关键词：大学英语六级仔细阅读细节题解题技巧

引言

大学英语六级试题中阅读理解部分占到总分值的35%，可见阅读理解在六级中的重要性，而其中单仔细阅读部分的分值就占到总分值的20%，因此仔细阅读部分在整个六级试题中有着无可取代的地位。仔细阅读部分要求考生在20分钟内完成两篇仔细阅读及其后的十道题目，对时间的要求比较严格，80%以上是细节题，然而，很多考生难以在规定的时间内有效地完成所有题目，也不能正确地把握和理解题目的细节出处。因此，笔者将结合2015年12月六级真题第一套的仔细阅读部分探讨仔细阅读细节题的解题步骤及技巧。

1.大学英语六级仔细阅读细节题的解题步骤

为了提高做题的速度和准确率，在做大学英语六级仔细阅读细节题的过程中，我们可以遵循以下解题步骤：

首先，浏览题目，推测全文主题。阅读理解的五道题目之间通常都会有隐含的逻辑联系，所以通过第一遍的初步浏览，我们可以了解文章谈论的主题，把握文章发展的方向。其次，确定题干的关键词。细节题的关键词主要有显性关键词，比如：首字母大写的单词、数字、含连字符的单词等；实意动词及核心名词和生词。接着，跳读文章，寻找关键词在文章中的位置。重点阅读每段的首尾句，试着把握文章的脉络，我们在阅读文章的过程中允许一定的模糊度，切忌逐句翻译，试图弄懂文中的每一个单词，这样会影响做题的速度，也会忽略各题区域的寻找。在跳读过程中，找到每道题的定位句。最后，理解定位句，排除干扰项。对定位句进行仔细的翻译和理解，比较选项与文章的信息，注意选项的同义改写、主动被动转换，同时要当心偷换概念、以偏概全等陷阱，排除干扰项，最终确定答案。

2.大学英语六级仔细阅读细节题的解题技巧

细节题常见的有是非题、考查数字、年代题，wh-题（以who，what，when，where，how，why等提问的题目），细节题的题干经常会提及文中具体的人、事物等，会避开原文中所用的词汇，而采用其同义词、近义词或反义词等，所以我们在阅读中要反复对比选项和原文中的定位句。细节题解题的关键是找准问题的来源句，定位词可以选择数字、时间等非英文，也可以选择首字母大写的单词，一些生僻的单词、较难的单词等。定位词模糊时，可以采用局限定位，比如说，结合题目的顺序，因为题目顺序和文章的行文顺序是一致的，结合题干时间、主体等限定信息，以及注意转折、递进、总结、表态等重点句。下面笔者将结合2015年12月大学英语六级第一套题的仔细阅读第一篇讲解六级仔细阅读细节题的解题方法和技巧。

比如：59.What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams？

A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.

B.Black peoples socioeconomic status in America remains low.

C.Peoples conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.

D.Ones professional standing and income are related to their educational background.

第59题含有显性定位词Erika Hall，Williams等人名，但Erika Hall作为研究者在文章中多次出现，所以不能一次定位准确，我们可以用人名Williams来定位到第五段和第六段，发现实际上通过第六段的细节描述能得出问题的答案C。

再如：57.What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group？

A.It advances with the times. B.It is based on racial roots.

C.It merits intensive study. D.It is politically sensitive.

本题题干中可用来定位的词naming和ethnic group都不像专有名词那么容易定位，如果尝试后不能很快定位出来，就按照题目顺序原则，从第56题的定位句后开始往后读来查找答案出处。第56题答案出处为第一段最后一句，往下读时发现，第二段第一句包含naming和group，我们可以从此句中得出第57题的答案D。

事实细节题会问到文中某个具体事实细节及相关信息，因此细节题的正确答案一定源于文中的细节，我们做题时首先找到定位句，然后结合定位句的前句和后句推出答案，在做题过程中还要注意同义改写。

比如：58.What does Erika Halls findings indicate？

A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.

B.Many applicants dont attend to details on their resumes.

C.Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.

D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.

根据题干中的Erika Halls findings可定位到第四段首句，得出答案A。

The studys most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.选项A中的widespread是对原文中permeating的同义转述。

细节题中还有考查原因或后果的因果关系细节题，以及考查题目信息出现在文中转折处的转折关系细节题，这样的题目要求我们多关注定位句中表达因果和转折关系的词或短语。

比如：56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent？

A.It is free from racial biases.

B.It represents social progress.

C.It is in the interest of common Americans.

D.It follows the standard naming practice.

根据题干中的人名Jesse Jackson定位到文章第一段最后两句话：Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace.This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups，such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans，” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination. 此句中含有显性因果：定位句前后明确给出因果关系词或表达，此句中出现because，racial biases是discrimination的同义转述。

结语

仔细阅读细节题需要在短时间内快速准确地解题，因此，平时必须多加练习，提高阅读和做题的速度。另外，还需要掌握仔细阅读细节题的做题方法和技巧，找准定位句，结合定位句的前句和后句，确定问题的答案，答案经常是解题句的同义改写。练习加技巧，一定会帮助考生攻克仔细阅读部分，取得高分。

参考文献：

[1]纪军.六级仔细阅读细节题透析及备考建议[J].新东方英语（大学版），2015（12）：4-7.

[2]李殿东.浅谈大学英语四级阅读理解应试技巧[J].黑龙江科技信息，2011（05）：184.

[3]孙艺之.大学英语四、六级仔细阅读备考建议[J].英语沙龙（实战版），2010（06）：20-22.

大学英语四级阅读模拟预测题篇4

柴静的纪录片《穹顶之下》将公众的注意力再次聚焦到令人头疼的环境问题上。近年来，不论是污水排放还是雾霾问题早已成为人们心中挥之不去的阴影。环境问题关乎每个人的生存，因此，倡导并践行绿色生活方式对于每个人而言都至关重要。

一、写作思路

首段：提出当前的环境问题严重影响到了人们的生活质量。与此同时，人们的环保意识也有了很大的提高，开始重视这一问题，由此引出绿色生活方式的主题。

关键点：环境问题严重+环保意识提高。

中段：具体阐述为了实现绿色生活方式，我们应该做些什么。可以从垃圾分类、生活用电、绿色出行、多使用可再生资源等角度来写，并用例子来说明。

关键点：一定要从具体事例出发，可以多举几个例子。

末段：提出对于绿色生活方式的向往，可以简要说明绿色生活方式能给人们的生活带来哪些好处。关键点：提出期望。

二、参考范文和译文参考范文

a green life style

in this day and age, environmental degradation presents great danger to the public.people in my country, and other places, have to bear polluted water and haze day after day.as public awareness of the need for environmental protection grows in these countries, it is urgent to learn how to establish a green life style.to achieve a green life style, we must adjust our behavior.this can be done even with simple things.for example, we could sort out our trash for better recycling.at home, we can use lights and other electricity only when needed.we should properly maintain air conditioners twice a year so they will run efficiently, and, even more importantly, make sure doors and windows fit properly and are sealed so that we can use less energy in heating and cooling.other simple steps that make a big difference include using public transportation instead of driving private cars.commuters can choose to take buses, subways or share cars with others, which not only relieves traffic jams but also reduces gas emission.in my mind, it is high time to establish a general concept of sustainable development and green life style in china.the earth has provided humans what they need;it is time to pay back.only through a green life, can we ensure that we and our children live in an environment with green water and mountains, without traffic jams, and in an era with better living habits.参考译文绿色生活

在当今这个时代，环境恶化给公众的生活带来了巨大危害。在我们国家以及其他一些地方，人们不得不每日忍受污水和雾霾。随着这些国家公众环保意识的提高，学习创建绿色生活方式十分紧迫。

为了实现绿色生活，我们必须调整自己的行为，甚至可以通过简单的小事实现。比如，我们可以将垃圾分类，以便于更好地回收利用。在家中，我们可以只在需要时才开灯或使用其他电器。我们应该每年为空调好好做两次保养，以使其有效运转。更重要的是，要保证门窗安装合适、密不透风，这样在取暖或制冷时就可以少用一些能源。其他一些简单的做法也能产生巨大的影响，包括使用公共交通工具，不开私家车。通勤族可以选择乘坐公共汽车、地铁或是与他人合用车辆，这不仅可以减轻交通堵塞，也可以减少尾气排放。

在我看来，是时候在中国广泛树立可持续发展和绿色生活的理念了。地球已经为人类提供了他们所需的一切，是时候回报地球了。只有绿色生活，我们才能保证我们以及子孙后代生活在青山绿水、没有拥堵的环境中，也生活在一个拥有更好生活习惯的时代。

三、高分写作素材经典词组和句型

in this day and age, a presents great danger to...：在当今这个时代，a给……带来了巨大危害

environmental degradation：环境恶化 day after day：日复一日地；每天

it is urgent to do sth.：做某事十分紧迫 sort out：把……分类；整理

make a difference：有作用；有影响

it is high time to do sth.：是时候做某事了 sustainable development：可持续发展加分单词

haze [hez] n.(阴)霾；雾霭

urgent [(r)d()nt] adj.紧迫的；紧急的；紧要的

commuter [kmjut(r)] n.(经很远的路程)上下班往返的人；通勤的人 emission [m()n] n.散发；释放

sustainable [sstenb()l] adj.(自然资源)可持续的；不破坏环境的

四、拓展话题：提倡节约 advocate for saving 写作思路

首段：提出当前人们在工作和生活中浪费现象严重，比如在工作中浪费各种资源，在生活中随意丢弃各种可以回收再利用的物品等，由此引出主题，即应该提倡节约。

中段：可以从以下几方面来阐述如何培养人们的节约意识。第一，在教育方面，要从小培养孩子们的节约意识，并且加强公众宣传教育力度。第二，在精神方面，树立在节约方面身体力行的楷模，呼吁人们向这些人学习。第三，在国家政策方面，国家可以制定一系列的政策鼓励人们节约。

末段：强调节约的意义，节约有助于实现人、社会、自然三者的和谐发展。加分表达

advocate [dvket] vt.拥护；提倡；主张 dispose of：丢掉；清除；处理

大学英语六级长篇阅读模拟习题篇5

Words: 1,036

Earthquakes

A) An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as “rock-solid” and completely stable. An earthquake can shatter (粉碎)that perception instantly, and often with extreme violence.

B) Up until relatively recently, scientists only had unproven guesses as to what actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding. There has been enormous progress in the past century. Scientists have identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that can tell us an earthquake"s magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a way of predicting earthquakes, so they don’t catch people by surprise. In this article, we’ll find out what causes earthquakes, and we’ll also find out why they can have such a devastating effect on us.

C) An earthquake is a vibration(震动)that travels through the earth’s crust. Technically, a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you feel your house shaking as it goes by; but we tend to think of earthquakes as events that affect a fairly large area, such as an entire city. All kinds of things can cause earthquakes: volcanic eruptions, meteor(流星)impacts, underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example), collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine). But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are caused by movements of the earth’s plates.

D) We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United States Geological Survey, more than 3 million earthquakes occur every year. That’s about 8,000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of these 3 million quakes are extremely weak. The law of probability also causes a good number of stronger quakes to happen in uninhabited places where no one feels them. It is the big

quakes that occur in highly populated areas that get our attention.

E) Earthquakes have caused a great deal of property damage over the years, and they have claimed many lives. In the last hundred years alone, there have been more than 1.5 million earthquake-related fatalities. Usually, it’s not the shaking ground itself that claims lives; it’s the associated destruction of man-made structures and other natural disasters it causes, such as tsunamis, avalanches (雪崩)and landslides.

F) The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology―the study of earthquakes―came in the middle of the 20th century, with the development of the theory of plate tectonics(筑造学).Scientists proposed the idea of plate tectonics to explain a number of peculiar phenomena on earth, such as the apparent movement of continents over time, the clustering of volcanic activity in certain areas and the presence of huge ridges at the bottom of the ocean.

G) The basic theory is that the surface layer of the earth―the lithosphere―is comprised of many plates that slide over the lubricating (润滑的)asthenosphere layer. At the boundaries between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen.

H) Plates can move apart. If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot, molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere. This magma (岩浆) comes out on the surface (mostly at the bottom of the ocean), where it is called lava (熔岩).As the lava cools, it hardens to form new lithosphere material, filling in the gap. This is called a divergent plate boundary.

I) Plates can push together. If the two plates are moving toward each other, one plate typically pushes under the other one. This plate below sinks into the lower mantle layers, where it melts. At some boundaries where two plates meet, neither plate is in a position to push under the other, so they both push against each other to form mountains. The lines where plates push toward each other are called convergent plate boundaries.

J) Plates slide against each other. At other boundaries, plates simply slide by each other―one moves north and one moves south, for example. While the plates don’t drift directly into each other at these transform boundaries, they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at the boundary.

K) We understand earthquakes a lot better than we did even 50 years ago, but we still can’t do much about them. They are caused by fundamental, powerful geological processes that are far beyond our control. These processes are also fairly unpredictable, so it’s not possible at this time to tell people exactly when an earthquake is going to occur. The first detected earthquake waves will tell us that more powerful vibrations are on their way, but this only gives us a few minutes’ warning, at most.

L) So what can we do about earthquakes? The major advances over the past 50 years have been in preparedness, particularly in the field of construction engineering. In 1973, the Uniform Building Code, an international set of standards for building construction,7 added7 specifications7 to7 strengthen7 buildings7 against7 the7 force7 of7 earthquake7 waves.7 This7 includes7 strengthening7 support7 material7 as7 well7 as7 designing buildings so they are flexible enough to absorb vibrations without falling or deteriorating. It’s very important to design structures that can undergo this sort of attack, particularly in earthquake -prone areas.

M) Another component of preparedness is educating the public. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and other government agencies have produced several brochures explaining the processes involved in an earthquake and giving instructions on how to prepare your house for a possible earthquake, as well as what to do when a quake hits.

N) In the future, improvements in prediction and preparedness should further minimize the loss of life and property associated with earthquakes. But it will be a long time, if ever, before we’ll be ready for every substantial earthquake that might occur. Just like severe weather and disease, earthquakes are an unavoidable force generated by the powerful natural processes that shape our planet. All we can do is increase our understanding of the phenomenon and develop better ways to deal with it.

1. Earthquake-related fatalities are usually caused by buildings，collapse and other ensuing natural disasters, not by the shaking ground itself.

2. Besides movements of the earth’s plates, other forces such as volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts and so on, can also cause earthquakes.

3. Earthquakes actually occur every day; most of them are not big enough to get our attention.

4. People generally think the ground beneath their feet is completely stable, but earthquakes shatter that idea in no time.

5. We cannot prevent earthquakes but we can actively find better ways to face them.

6. Earthquakes are hardly predictable, and people cannot be told when an earthquake is going to occur.

7. Scientists have found out forces that cause earthquakes through years of efforts.

8. Architects now have designed flexible buildings to minimize the damages of earthquakes.

9. Scientists use the theory of plate tectonics to explain the apparent movement of continents over time.

10. The convergent plate boundaries refer to the lines where plates push toward each other.文章精要

地震危害巨大，了解地震对减少其带来的损失有着重要意义。本文讲解了引发地震的因素、与地震有关的地壳板块运动和地震的危害，并指出尽管人类还无法准确预测地震，但一些必要的防御措施能够减少地震带来的损失。

答案解析

1. E 本题是对E段最后一句话的同义转述。定位关键词是Earthquake-related fatalities。原文用it’s not...that claims lives; it’s...结构指出“通常不是地壳晃动引起的死亡，而是伴随而来的房屋倒塌或其他自然灾害导致的死亡”，题目用...be caused by...not by...结构表达了同样的意思。

2. C 本题是对C段最后两句的归纳，题目将两句话的含义概括为一句话。定位关键词是 movements of the earth$s plates, volcanic eruptions, meteor impacts。

3. D 本题是对D段的总结。定位关键词是get our attention。D段首句就提到每天都会发生地震，最后一句提到只有大地震才能引起人们的注意，本题就是对这两句话的概括。

4. A 本题是对A段最后两句的同义转述。定位关键词是shatter。题目中的the ground beneath their feet同义转述了原文中的the ground we stand on。

5. N 本题是对N段最后两句的概括。定位关键词是better ways。文章最后一句提到，我们能做的就是增加我们对地震的认识，寻找更好的方法来应对它，与题干表达一致。

6. K 本题是对K段第三句的同义转述。定位关键词是hardly predictable。原文提到：虽然我们对地震有了更深的了解，但地震仍然不受我们的控制，地震是无法预测的，人们不可能得知地震什么时候会发生，表达与题干一致。

7. B 本题是对B段第三、四句的同义转述。定位关键词是cause earthquakes。题目中的found out同义转述了原文中的identified。

8. L 本题是对L段最后两句的概括。定位关键词是designed。原文提到：过去50年我们在应对地震方面取得了进步，尤其是在建筑工程领域。我们用特殊材料加固房屋以应对地震的破坏，我们设计足够灵活的房屋，确保地震不会导致房屋倒塌，这与题干表达的完全一致。

9. F 本题是F段中举例的一部分。定位关键词是the theory of plate tectonics。原文提到科学家用the idea of plate tectonics解释很多现象，其中之一就是the apparent movement of continents over time。