阅读理解试题

2024-08-04

阅读理解试题（共12篇）

阅读理解试题篇1

在稳定中谋求创新一直是全国及各地高考英语命题的指导思想。《2010年浙江省普通高考考试说明》英语测试样卷中阅读理解B篇的设计秉承了这一传统[2],不落俗套。请看原题(保留原试题序号)。

一、原题再现

Below is adaptedfrom an English dictionary.

45.What does the phrase“green shoots”mean in“Green shoots have begun to appear in different markets”?

A.Change in policy.

B.High prices.

C.Environmental protection.

D.Signs of recovery.

46.Fill in the blank in the sentence“I can't be-lieve this is Joshua—he’s______since we last met!”

A.shot out B.shot up

C.shot through D.shot down

47.When you are talking about unimportant things,we say you are______.

A.shooting the breeze

B.shooting yourself in the foot

C.shooting your mouth off

D.shooting questions at somebody

48.Choose a word to complete the sentence“The______,which killed a policeman and wounded apasser-by,was reported to have lasted only 13 seconds.”

A.shooter B.shoot

C.shooting D.shot

[答案]45.D 46.B 47.A 48.C

二、试题品鉴

这道试题具有以下几个鲜明的特点。

(一)选材新颖

1. 取材独辟蹊径

本篇阅读的体裁是一篇应用文,其语料没有局限于广告、报刊、说明手册等大众化的内容,而是选自原汁原味的英文原版词典,语料真实、实用,在试题题材的多样化、生活化、交际化方面有了新的拓展。英文原版词典呈现的是一个纯英语的环境,查阅的过程也是一种阅读理解的过程。换句话说,语言地道的词典文本,本身就是很好的阅读材料。

2. 内容与时俱进

该阅读理解的语料源自最新版本——2008年剑桥原版的Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (3rd ed.)(以下简称CALD)(Walter 2008),从一定程度上体现了命题取材的时代性。尽管词典的编纂有相对的稳定性,但随着社会的发展、信息技术的进步以及出版业竞争的加剧,各品牌的新版词典在内容、规模、体例和模式等方面都会有一定程度的改进,在可读性、实用性等方面适当创新,以便更好地适应新时代、满足学习者的需求。

3. 材料贴近学生

词典是英语学习过程中不可或缺的工具,而CALD的定位是集学习词典、搭配词典、习语词典、考试词典于一身,是中高级英语学习者及雅思、BEC考生的理想工具书。因此,该试题的素材与高中学生的学习生活紧密相连,内容难度也与他们的英语实际水平相符,体现了命题者对考生的人文关怀。

(二)加工恰当

对素材进行适度的加工和改造是该题设计的另一个亮点。这样处理有助于防止教学过程中生搬硬套词典的不良倾向。命题者并没有简单地复印词典内容,而是以新版CALD中shoot词条的释义及例证等为蓝本,进行了一些适当的剪裁和调整。文本中删减了原文的部分内容,如该词条的第5、6、7个义项,shoot sth/sb down (in flames)、shoot a glance at sb、sb should be shot等习语,短语动词shoot up的第2个义项等等,使得文本更加紧凑。同时,有选择性地加上了关联词汇shooting词条的有关解释。文本保留了CALD独特的词频标注方式(见阅读文本的右上角)。为了便于学习者有选择地掌握词汇,命题者按照使用频率将词汇分成E,I,A三个等级,但隐去了页码等信息,这样既保留了原版词典的风格,又融入了命题者的智慧,体现出较高的命题技术含量。尽管在字体颜色字号的一致性、上下对齐等细节上仍有改进余地,但瑕不掩瑜。

(三)能力立意

命题者巧妙地将能力立意寓于技能考查之中,充分体现了新课标的思想[1]。

1. 重视考查考生的阅读能力

该试题阅读文本部分累计单词713个(不包括音标、词性、标点、序号以及标识等字符),与浙江省2009年高考英语阅读理解B篇——分类广告,以及2010年的B篇——租房指南的体裁和风格如出一辙。值得一提的是,该省2011年的B篇恰恰就是关于词典查阅的试题。解答这一类信息量大、实用性强的阅读理解试题时,考生需要灵活运用“带题寻读”的阅读策略,先看题目,然后带着任务到原文中准确定位,有针对性地捕捉相关信息,从而在有限的时间内快速获取有效的信息。其实,“带题寻读”的策略与定向查阅词典的方法不谋而合。

2. 注重考查考生的自学能力

对于平时养成勤查词典习惯的考生来说见题如见词典,倍感亲切,自然驾驭自如。有体验的考生就应该有优势。因此,从一定程度上来说,这道试题有意识地考查了考生英语学习过程中词典的使用情况,也就是说,考查他们利用词典等工具书进行自主学习的情况,具有很好的导向性。由此可见,这道阅读试题不仅考查考生阅读理解的“实力”,更重要的是在考查考生升入高校以后继续学习的“潜力”,一箭双雕,匠心独具。

笔者认为,该试题最根本的特色是将“考”与“学”有机地结合起来:一方面“以学定考”,试题贴近学生的学习生活,贴近学生的实际语言水平;另一方面“以考导学”,通过这种独特的命题方式,引导教师重视利用词典资源辅助教学,以培养学生的自主学习能力。在试题中蕴含着素质教育的内涵,彰显着新课标的理念,从这个意义上来说,该试题堪称是能力立意的佳作,是考试评价的创新。

三、相关链接

实际上,作为知名品牌的原版英文学习词典,CALD一直颇受浙江自主命题专家的青睐。笔者使用CALD和Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(4th ed.)(以下简称LDOCE)(Summers 2003),对2008～2010年该省的单项填空进行了系统的查证和比较,结果发现,共有10道题源自这两本词典,两本词典各占5句,平分秋色(见表1)。

耐人寻味的是,2009年高考是浙江省进入新课改的第一年,当年的高考英语就从CALD上引用了两个例句进行命题。比如:

[真题]The system has been designed to give students quick and easy——to the digital resources of the library.(第6题;答案:A)

A.access B.passage

C.way D.approach

[出处]CALD中access词条的例句:The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.

该试题的题干部分也经过了处理,有两处微调:一是将词典例句中the user改为students,二是将the required information改为the digital resources of the library,与原句相比形神兼备,适度创新。

以上利用词典命制单项填空试题的现象进一步佐证了词典的价值,而且并非个案,亦非浙江的“特产”。研究表明,“鉴于原版词典拥有大量鲜活的例句,选例简洁、经典,语境合理、鲜明,语言规范、地道,是编制试题的极好素材,每年全国高考英语试题、各省市自主命制的高考试题都能够或多或少地从中找到影子”(徐险峰2010a:103)。也就是说,利用词典命制高考题的现象具有相对的广泛性。而各地所选用的词典也没有局限于某一种品牌或者某一个版本,呈现出多元化和多样化的特点。不过,CALD和LDOCE在近四年里被利用的频率较高,占据主流地位。

四、延伸思考

利用词典进行命题进一步彰显了词典的权威性和适用性,同时也说明了词典在高中英语教学中的独特价值——权威词典是高考命题的资源,也是高中英语教与学的资源(徐险峰2010b:59)。正如陈琳(2004:8)所言:“一本好词典就是我们最好的、最起码不可少的‘良师’了。”Bloomfield也曾指出:“词典是迄今发明的用于提高语言教学能力的工具中使用最为广泛的一种,我们所有从事语言教学的人都有必要了解它们。”(转引自Iison 1985:5)词典在英语教学中的地位可见一斑。

新课标在学习资源策略目标中明确提出“有效地使用词典等工具书”,并倡导学生“通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法,充分发挥自己学习的潜能,形成有效的学习策略,提高自主学习的能力”。

高考试题与词典例句高对应性的现象,也从一个侧面说明了词典的权威性和适用性,体现了词典在英语教学中的价值。那么,究竟该如何指导学生选好、用好词典呢?笔者认为,可以从以下两方面着手。

(一)词典的选用

词典的选用要以人为本,因人制宜。教师应该指导学生根据学习实际和发展需要选择词典,也就是说,选用的词典一方面要适合自己当下的英语水平,适应高中阶段英语学习的要求;另一方面还要适合未来发展,适应自己最近发展区的要求。因此,词典的选用主要有以下依据:(1)权威性。权威的编撰者,权威的出版社,英语教育专家公认,利用率高。(2)可靠性。品牌,正版,销售渠道正规,新版。(3)实用性。适合高中学生,适合学生自己的水平和需要。

目前,市面上的英语学习型词典林林总总,各具特点。具有中国特色的本土词典比较贴近中国学生实际,但从长远来讲还是提倡使用国外知名品牌的英英词典或英汉词典。比如,在高考命题中利用频度较高的CALD和LDOCE,各方面认可度高,不失为英语学习的优选词典。当然,最终的标准还是适合自己的才是最好的。

(二)词典的利用

高考命题者之所以偏爱词典,主要是因为权威词典的例句语言地道、语境真实。特别是CALD和LDOCE等基于语料库编纂的词典,情景交际的特点十分鲜明。所以,引导学生合理利用好词典提供的阅读素材,自主研习词典例句,体悟语境语义,无论是对提高英文素养还是应试都大有裨益。比如,研读CALD whoever词条中的例句:Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please?(Walter 2005),就不难在高考英语试题中找到它的影子。

[真题]Could I speak to______is in charge of International Sales,please?(2007年山东卷,第22题;答案:C)

A.anyone B.someone

C.whoever D.no matter who

[真题]Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?(2009年全国I卷,第24题;答案:C)

A.who B.what

C.whoever D.whatever

再如,LDOCE中whatever词条中的例句:①He’ll be ready to accept whatever help he can get.②The building must be saved,whatever the cost.③“How about camping,just for a change?”“OK,whatever you want.”(Summers 2003)这些鲜活的例句同样被改编成为高考试题。

[真题]The poor young man is ready to accept______help he can get.(2005年全国Ⅱ卷,第11题;答案:C)

A.whichever B.however

C.whatever D.wherever

[真题]The older tower must be saved,_the cost.(2005年浙江卷,第7题;答案:B)

A.however B.whatever

C.whichever D.wherever

[真题]一How about camping this weekend,justfor a change?

—OK,______you want.(2010年浙江卷,第1题;答案:C)

A.whichever B.however

C.whatever D.whoever

利用词典还需注意词典的多样化、查阅方式的多样化,以期达到词典利用效益的最大化。指导学生参阅词典绝不是单纯为了应试,而是帮助学生有效地利用词典资源,践行自主性、探究性、合作性学习的理念,逐步形成合理的词典利用策略,使他们在丰富多彩的、原汁原味的英语环境中汲取营养,锻炼英文思维,进而提高综合运用语言的能力。

总而言之,无论是取材于词典的阅读理解试题,还是源自词典例句的单项填空试题,都有着异曲同工之妙:体现了“以学定考,以考导学”的理念,较好地贯彻了“以学生(的发展)为本”的命题思想,符合《课标》要求,闪烁着素质教育的光芒。既有利于较全面地考查考生的综合语言运用能力,反过来,对于推进中学素质教育又具有积极的反拨作用。为此,教师应该指导学生利用词典辅助英语学习,提高学习效益,培养自主学习能力。

摘要：本文通过对一道阅读理解试题的取材、加工、立意等方面的命题特色的品鉴,结合对利用词典命制高考单项填空试题现象的分析,揭示了英语试题中所蕴含的新课标理念,进而倡导教师指导学生有效利用词典培养自学能力。

关键词：以学定考,以考导学,词典资源,素质教育,自主学习

参考文献

[2]浙江省教育考试院.2010.2010年浙江省普通高考考试说明[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社.

[1]教育部.2003.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[S].北京:人民教育出版社.

陈琳.2004.怎样自学英语[J].山东师范大学外国语学院学报:基础英语教育(2):3-10.

徐险峰.2010a.对利用词典例句命制高考题的调研(2007年-2009年)[J].疯狂英语:教师版(3): 103-108.

徐险峰.2010b.源自词典的高考英语单选题命题特点赏析[J].教学月刊:中学版(7):56-59.

Iison,R.1985.Dictionaries,lexicography and language learning[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press.

Summers,D.2003.Longman dictionary of contemporary English[M].4th ed.Essex:Longrnan Group UK Ltd.

Walter,E.2005.Cambridge advanced learner's dictionary [M].2nded.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Walter,E.2008.Cambridge advanced learner's dictionary [M].3rd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

阅读理解试题篇2

阅读感悟[18分]

(一)课内阅读。(6分)

“昨天晚上我挨了一顿毒打，因为我给他们的小崽子摇摇篮的时候，不知不觉睡着了。老板揪着我的头发，把我拖到院子里，拿皮带揍了我一顿。这个礼拜，老板娘叫我收拾一条青鱼，我从尾巴上弄起，她就捞起那条青鱼，拿鱼嘴戳我的脸。伙计们也捉弄我，他们打发我上酒店去打酒。吃的呢，简直没有。早晨吃一点儿面包，午饭是稀粥，晚上又是一点儿面包;至于菜啦，茶啦，只有老板自己才大吃大喝。他们叫我睡在过道里，他们的小崽子一哭，我就别想睡觉，只好摇那个摇篮。

1.这段话从_________、___________、____________这三个方面反映了凡卡的学徒生活很悲惨。(3分)

2.文中写老板、老板娘打凡卡的动词有哪些?联系上下文，体会那是一种什么样的“打”?(3分)

__________________________________________________________________

(二)课外阅读(12分)

考核

南方一家幼儿园公开招聘园长，由于待遇极为优厚，一时间报名者云集，其中甚至包括专攻心理的女研究生和多名早已有了职业和收入稳定的女大学生，但经过考核，最终被录取的并不是她们，而是一位相貌平平、扎着小辫子的文静姑娘——雯雯。

最后一次考核安排在幼儿园的二楼。楼外阳光明媚，春风和煦，鸟儿在枝头欢唱。楼梯拐角处，却有一个脏兮兮的小男孩，流着鼻涕，泪汪汪的站在那儿等着什么。众多应聘者，大多面容姣好，打扮入时，举止得体。他们都从小男孩的面前走过，满怀信心地去参加面试;只有雯雯一个人停了下来。她不仅掏出手帕给男孩擦干净了鼻涕，还亲切的说了一句：“小弟弟，是不是找不着妈妈了?别着急，等我一会儿，姐姐去去就来，我带你去找妈妈。”

面试之后。众多的.应聘者匆匆下楼，对拐角处的小男孩视若无睹，惟有雯雯吧脏兮兮的小男孩抱了起来，那么亲切地哄他，那么认真地给他唱歌，那么投入地给他讲故事----而这一切，被早已架设好的录像机全都录了下来!

天哪，考生们大吃一惊，谁也没有发现，这个小男孩儿，原来是幼儿园专门设计的“机关”!

在一楼的大厅里，聚满了等待宣布结果的应聘者。当考核小组宣布被录用者是雯雯时，大家目瞪口呆，一双双惊愕的目光一起投向了着装朴素、相貌平平的雯雯。雯雯也暗想：“我的文化成绩并不十分出色呀，为什么……”随后，考核小组播放了录像，众多的报考者，羞愧地低下了头----她们显然已恍然大悟，自己被淘汰乃是一种必然的结果，

1.联系上下文，解释文中划横线的词语。(2分)

视若无睹：

目瞪口呆：

2.根据文章概括人物对待小男孩的不同态度。(2分)

众多应聘者对小男孩的态度：________________________________________

雯雯对小男孩的态度：_______________________________________________

3.联系全文，说说小男孩在楼梯拐角处“等着什么”。(1分)

4.文中的“考核”包括哪两方面的内容?(2分)

A._____________________ B.___________________

5.概括文章的主要内容。(3分)

6.读了这篇文章，你受到了什么启发?(2分)

习作创新[30分]

题目：_____________变了

提示：进入新世纪后，我们周围的人、事、物都发生了可喜的变化。如爷爷奶奶会上网了;爸爸妈妈爱学习了;同学变得乐于助人了;老师改变了传统的教育方法;家乡变得更美了……请你选择一个方面，先把题目补充完整，再写一篇400字以上的作文。

阅读理解试题篇3

一、主旨大意题

这种题型在考试中出现的频率较高，因为这类题可考查考生抓住主要信息的能力，而能够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。做好这种题型的方法有：

1. 浅层阅读，整体上了解文章大意和轮廓。所谓浅层阅读也就是“略读”或“浏览”，就是学生快速浏览全文，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去过分注意细节事实。通过快速阅读文章首段、末段和各段首句、末句，一般就能得出文章主题，而且对文章的内容、结构和作者的写作意图也能形成整体印象。

2. 逆向思维法。文章标题往往简单明了，是文章内容的高度概括。所谓逆向思维就是指从A、B、C、D四个选项入手。假定其中某个选项是最佳标题，那么在这个标题之下应该是什么内容呢？心里先有了这个设想，再迅速阅读全文，主要阅读各段首句，因为各段首句往往是该段主题句。了解了每一段的主要内容，就不难了解全文的主要内容了。如果文章内容与标题相符，说明假定的选项是正确的，否则就是错误的。

二、事实细节题

事实细节题是极为常见的阅读理解题，在高考阅读理解中占的比例最大。事实细节题也就是我们平时所说的由who, what, where, when, why, which, how等引出的问题。这类题主要是针对论证支持主题的事实或例证来出题，可能涉及数学计算、概念理解以及是非判断等。做这种题的方法有：

1. 寻读。所谓寻读就是快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法。用这种方法做题，要先看题，找出题干的关键词，再阅读文章。阅读的目的非常明确，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻找与答题相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。

2. 细读。有的事实细节题，在寻读找到关键词后就能很快得出答案，如回答when、where、who等引出的简单问题，但有的答案却是隐藏在字里行间的。这时我们就要用细读的方法来解题。细读就是在经过寻读找到文章中的有关部分以后，在此范围内逐句阅读，特别要对关键词、句仔细琢磨，以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。不仅要理解其字面意思，还要通过推理和判断，弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意思。在细读的过程中，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文的背景知识来推测其词义；对难以看懂，又对解题至关重要的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到正确理解的目的。

三、推理判断题

推理判断题一般不能从文章中直接找到答案。解这类题需要考生在正确理解原文语言字面意义的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法去理解文章字里行间的意义。对原文中找到的所有相关信息要进行仔细分析，摸清它们相互之间时间、方位、因果、对比等逻辑关系，在此基础上进行综合推理，选定答案。推理性试题大多含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude, (most) probably等关键词。

解这类题时，首先一定得看清问题。比如一句结论性的话后边到底是…is true,还是is not true.另外，由于细节题比较容易，有时为了增加测试难度，命题人员在题干或选项中要增加一些文字或意义上的干扰。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一样的现成答案。

四、词义或句意猜测题

词义或句意猜测题在高考阅读理解中所占比例越来越大，所以解好这种题也很关键。词义或句意猜测题就是询问文章中出现的某个词、某个词组或某个句子含义的题型。其中所询问的词或词组，有的不为考生所熟悉，但能在文中找到线索进行推测，其考查目的是检查考生根据语境猜测词义的能力。但更多的词、词组或句子是考生非常熟悉的，如it、which等，其考查目的是检查考生是否具备根据一个词、词组或句子所处的特定环境来判断其意义的能力。

解答这类试题时，考生首先应明白，英语词义不是孤立存在的，要在仔细阅读文章后，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析和推理。某个定义、解释、甚至标点符号、关联词都可以帮助考生推测一些词、词语或句子的意义，除此之外，我们还必须注意所测试的词或词语与其前后一些词形成的同义、反义、并列和指代等关系。做这种题，往往要用上文提到的细读的方法。

除了这四种主要题型，还有询问作者写作目的或态度题和询问文章结构题。

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。这类考题中，询问语气态度的题，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词：sympathetic(同情的)；critical(批评的)；doubtful(怀疑的)；subjective(主观的)；objective(客观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)；matter瞣f瞗act(实事求是的)；hostile(敌对的)；satisfied(满意的)；friendly(友好的)；indifferent(冷淡的)；optimistic(乐观的)；pessimistic(悲观的)；disappointed(失望的)；neutral(中立的)；supportive(支持的)等等。

询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是：explain(解释)；persuade(劝说)；defend(辩护)；comment(评论)；criticize(批评)；praise(赞扬)；interest(引起……的注意或兴趣)；entertain(使欢乐)；argue(辩论)；demonstrate(举例说明，示范)；tell(讲述)；prove(证明)；urge(激动)；advise(劝告)；analyze(分析)；view(看待)等等。

询问文章结构题，在2008高考试卷中，北京卷、安徽卷和重庆卷各有一题。提问方式是：

Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (北京 75)

How is the passage mainly developed? (安徽 59)

The author develops the passage mainly by . (重庆 67)

做好这种题首先要了解文章写作的基本结构。一般来说，为了使读者能毫不费力的从一个意思的理解转到对另一个意思的理解，为使篇章符合逻辑的发展，作者往往要按照一定的思维方式把具体阐述的细节组织起来，使它们之间具有密切相关的内在联系，成为一个结构严谨，层次分明，形式与内容一致的语义整体。那么一篇完整的文章应该包括起始段、主体段和结论段。起始段应含有一个主题陈述，一般为第一句。但也有的起始段没有主题陈述，只是一个引子，旨在捕捉读者的注意，引起其阅读整个文章的兴趣。主体段可能有好几个段落组成，或陈述、或例证、或辩论，其目的在于论证起始段的主题陈述，但每段可能还含有本段的主题句。结论段应包括最终的主题陈述(也有可能是预测)，使文章起到前后呼应的效果。

总之，在阅读一篇文章的过程中，我们应根据不同的要求，采用不同的阅读方法和应试对策。但除了要了解高考试题类型及其应试对策外，要想在规定的时间内，既能准确又能快速地回答好所有问题，还应注意以下几点：

1. 针对文章的不同题材和题型，选择不同的阅读方法。有时需要先浏览文章，后看题目；有时则反之。一般情况下我们的答题步骤应该是：

(1) 先快速浏览题干和每段首句，确定哪些是重点和相关因素，知道所设问题的类型，做到心中有数。

(2) 快速阅读文章，了解文章大意和重点，尽快扫描，读到与刚才所记住的与题干有关的内容，先用铅笔做些记号。

(3) 重读问题，找到先前用铅笔标记的与题干有关的文章内容的位置。再阅读一遍该段有关材料，选出正确答案。

2. 一般来说，除了主旨及推论型题目以外，题目顺序与文章的情节发展是一致的，因此应按题目顺序解题。

3. 文章较难时，不必紧张，根据语言学科的测试规律，如果文章难则问题比较简单。只要能很好地应用阅读技巧，就不难找到正确答案。另外，文章偏长也不一定就难，因为在较长的篇幅中，其词汇，句子结构的复杂程度要相对容易些。

4. 阅读过程中，可以在文章或问题旁空白处做些记号，也可以对一些与答题有关的词句画线。还可以标出一些关键词，尤其是文章的论点、论据及一些有关事实，以避免遗忘或回顾时浪费时间。

阅读理解试题选萃与解析篇4

(2011年南通三模)

Why can some people sleep through noises like a honking car or flushing toilet, while others are awakened by the lightest sound?

To find the answer, sleep researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital conducted an unusual study of 12 self-described deep sleepers. After tests confirmed that the healthy volunteers were solid sleepers, they took part in a three-night study in the university's sleep laboratory. The participants spent the night in a big and comfortable room. But the room also included four speakers positioned near the top of the bed.

During the night, the deep sleepers were subjected to 14 different recorded sounds, like street traffic, toilets flushing, an ice machine dispensing and an airplane flying overhead. Next door, the researchers monitored their sleep patterns and brain waves.

As expected, all of the participants slept relatively well, but there were differences in how they responded to the noisy interruptions. Some of the sleepers didn't wake up even when a sound was blasted at 70 decibels (分贝) ; others were awakened by sounds at 40 or 50 decibels.

The researchers discovered that the difference in a sleeper's reaction to noise could be predicted by the level of brain activity called “sleep spindles''. A sleep spindle is a burst of high-frequency brain activity coming from deep inside the brain during sleep. The source of the spindles is the thalamus, a part of the brain that sends sensory information to the rest of the cortex (皮层) .

Before the study, the Massachusetts researchers theorized (推理) that the spindles are the brain's way of preventing sensory information from passing through the thalamus and waking the rest of the brain during sleep. They found that the sleepers who experienced the most sleep spindles during the night were also the soundest sleepers and were least likely to be awakened by noise.

Scientists already know that most people become lighter sleepers with age, most likely because older people experience less “slow wave sleep”, which is the deepest stage of sleep. People also produce fewer sleep spindles as they age. But even when controlling for the stage of sleep a person was in, the number of sleep spindles still predicted their risk for awakening because of noise.

More research is needed, but the findings suggest that a better understanding of sleep spindles could lead to new behavioral or drug therapies for people with sleep disorders. For instance, future studies may try to determine whether diet, exercise or other behaviors may influence the number of sleep spindles a person produces during the night.

1. Some participants can sleep well through loud noises mainly because .

A. their brains don't respond to outside noises

B. their brains react differently to noises

C. they adapt to the environment quickly

D. they don't pay attention to the monitors

2. Scientists believe that the key to affecting deep sleep is .

A. sleep spindles B. stages of sleep

C. sleep disorders D. sensory information

3. It can be learned from the passage that .

A. the older a deep sleeper becomes, the lighter his sleep must be

B. the more“slow wave sleep” one experiences, the deeper sleep one has

C. the more frequently a sleeper's brain works, the less information it sends

D. the deeper sleep people have, the more likely they will be awakened by noise

4. From the passage we can predict .

A. more factors in influencing sleep spindles may be discovered

B. more solid sleepers will take part in relative experiments

C. sleep spindles will be applied to changing one's behaviors

D. deep sleepers will probably enjoy a more healthy life

二

(2011年南京二模)

French tourist outsmarts Dutch thief

AMSTERDAM—A quick-thinking French tourist outsmarted a Dutch thief after the thief tried to seize his bag, Amsterdam police said Wednesday.

After winning a brief tug-of-war over the sports bag, the 27-year-old tourist ran into a nearby police station with the thief in hot pursuit.

The thief “realized too late he had run straight into ‘the long arm of the law', ” police spokeswoman Wilma Verheij said of the incident, which took place Tuesday.

After it dawned on the thief, a 28-year-old man whose identity was not released, that he was in the middle of a police station, he tried to run away again. But he was quickly caught by officers and arrested, Verheij said.

Liz Taylor remains hospitalized

LOS ANGELES—Heart trouble is keeping Elizabeth Taylor hospitalized in Los Angeles for some time, but her publicist says the 78-year-old actress is OK and has been visiting with family and friends.

Taylor spokeswoman Sally Morrison said in a statement Tuesday that the two-time Oscar winner is comfortable at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and “there has been steady improvement in her condition” since she was admitted last week.

Taylor is being treated for symptoms of heart failure, a condition she revealed in November 2004.

“Her medical team is satisfied by her progress to date, and it is hoped and expected that this will continue over the next few days. For now, she will remain under their care in the hospital for continued monitoring, ” Morrison said. “Friends and fans around the world should be convinced that Elizabeth Taylor is in good hands and receiving the best possible care from her skilled and devoted doctors and nurses.”

Morrison described Taylor's condition as stable but offered no other details.

Japan halts (暂停) whale hunt after chase by protesters

TOKYO—Japan has halted its annual Antarctic whale hunt following protests from a campaign group. Activists from the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, a US-based environmental group, have been chasing the Japanese fishing ship.

Commercial whaling was banned in 1986 but Japan uses a regulation permitting hunting for scientific research.

Iceland and Norway have claimed official objections to the ban and continue to hunt commercially.

“Putting safety as a priority, the ship has halted scientific whaling for now. We are currently considering what to do, ” Tatsuya Nakaoku, an official at the fisheries agency, told Reuters news agency.

The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society says one of its boats has been blocking the ship loading ramp (斜梯) , preventing any hunted whales from being loaded on to the ship. “Every whale saved is a victory to us, so we've gotten a lot of victories down here this year, ” Sea Shepherd captain Paul Watson told Reuters news agency by satellite phone from the Steve Irwin ship.

1. The underlined part “the long arm of the law” refers to in Amsterdam.

A. a travel agency B. a policeman

C. a police station D. a police spokeswoman

2. What can we know about Elizabeth Taylor from the news?

A. She has been suffering from heart illness for some years.

B. She will go back home in a day or two.

C. She is feeling quite well in hospital.

D. She will receive her Oscar Award in the hospital.

3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Japanese fishing ships go to the Antarctic for whale hunt every year.

B.Iceland and Norway will not stop hunting whales.

C. Commercial whale hunt has been banned for about twenty-five years.

D. Japan will not hunt whales any more.

三

(2011年南京二模)

“Choo, Choo!” Here comes the Chunnel train. Get aboard if you want to learn more about this underground transportation system. This is an unusual form of transportation, because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.

The Chunnel is actually the English nickname for the Channel Tunnel. In French, it is called le tunne lsous la Manche. It is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover. It connects Cheriton in Kent, England with Sangatte in northern France. It is the second longest rail tunnel in the world.

Did you know that the British and the French had a race whi1e they were building the Chunnel? The race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first. The British won by a little bit. It took 15, 000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel. The tunnel was finished in 1994.

The completed Chunnel cost about $ 21 billion. But it all paid off, because it became very popular, very quick. Millions of people use it. Now it is getting even more popular.

There are three complete tunnels in the Chunnel. The two outside ones are the passenger trains. The small inner one is a guidance train. The guidance train is not used for transportation. Each track is exactly parallel to each other.

There are four different train systems in the Chunnel. The Eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects London, Paris, Brussels, and Lille. The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service. These shuttles carry cars and vans. These are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off. There are also two Eurotunnel goods service trains.

Now you know more about the Chunnel. Everybody off, this is the last stop.

1. The Channel Tunnel, links with .

A. London; Paris B. Cheriton; Sangatte

C. Lille; Brussels D. Dover; Kent

2. Which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the Chunnel?

3. The Eurotunnel shuttle is intended to carry .

A. passengers

B. drivers and their vehicles

C. goods

D. staff members of the Chunnel

4. The text can most probably be .

A. found in a guidebook

B. read in a magazine

C. broadcast on a train

D. heard in a railway station

四

(2011年苏锡常镇一模)

While travelling to Newcastle in the UK to visit relatives, I arrived in London to find my plane transfer north to Newcastle had been cancelled due to deteriorating weather conditions.

The airline was helpful—offering me a choice between a night in a hotel or a six-hour bus ride to my destination. With no indication as to whether a flight to Newcastle would happen in the next two days, I chose the bus ride.

I stored all my baggage in the luggage compartment of the bus, thinking I would not need anything on the journey.

The young lady sitting beside me could see how tired I was and asked me if anyone would be meeting me on my arrival.

I realised that I had left my cell phone in my bag and had no way to contact my relatives. They would be waiting for me at the airport about five hours before the bus got to Newcastle, not knowing what had happened. Without hesitation, the young lady offered me the use of her cell phone.

When the bus made a rest stop, she asked me if I was getting out. I replied that I wouldn't as I still had sandals on, and bare feet weren't ideal for the cold weather, When she got back on, she'd bought me some tea and a packet of sweets to eat.

When we eventually arrived in Newcastle, the woman checked that someone was there to meet me. I asked her to wait a moment while I got my purse to repay her, but when I looked up she had gone. I was unable to even verbally thank her.

1. We learn from the passage that .

A. the author had little money to buy the air ticket from London to Newcastle

B. the author probably flew to London from a warm place

C. the author's relatives missed meeting her in London

D. the author's cell phone wasn't functioning in Britain

2. Which of the following information is of great importance to the author's relatives?

A. Why the flight was called off.

B. Why the flight was delayed.

C. Where the author was put up.

D. When the author would arrive.

3. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. British people always suffer from terrible weather in winter.

B. British people are usually helpful.

C. The author was careless.

D. The author was grateful to the airline.

五

(2011年苏锡常镇一模)

Accurately forecasting the weather is a very hard thing to do. There are many parts of weather dynamics—the study of how water and air in motion cause weather patterns—to consider. Even the best forecast can be changed by a small weather disturbance halfway around the world. Today's forecast use complex computer models, weather instruments, and detailed analyses of daily observations to predict the weather. However, it hasn't always been that way. People, like your grandparents, use folklore and proverbs to help forecast the weather. They remembered what conditions caused changes and observed the factors associated with weather: atmospheric and cloud conditions, temperature, winds, and reactions of plants and animals. Many people believe that this way of forecasting weather is accurate more often than modem forecasting.

Grandma's aching joints might indicate the arrival of a low-pressure system. She might also observe the geese flying lower than usual, confirming the low-pressure system. Finally, she might feel dampness on her skin, a sign of high humidity (湿度) . Based on these three observations, grandma might warn that a storm is brewing.

Joints and nerves can indicate dropping air pressure. Dissolved gases in the blood form bubbles under low air pressure. This causes pain in joints and nerve endings. Geese and other birds respond to changes in air pressure by adjusting how high they fly. In the fair, calm weather of a high-pressure system, the birds fly higher than in the stormy weather associated with a low-pressure system.

Nature provides other clues to changing weather. A decrease in air pressure causes deer and elk to come down from the mountains to look for shelter. Some animals feed more than usual. The higher humidity before a storm causes some insects to leave the trees and gather near the ground. Some flowers close so rain doesn't get inside them. In winter, rhododendron plants curl up to protect themselves as the temperature drops.

Several of the sayings apply in particular areas of the world. Here are some of them.

■Early thunder, early spring.

■Rainbow in the morning gives you fair warning.

■When teeth and bones and bunions ache, expect the clouds to fill the lake.

■When high clouds and low clouds do not match together, prepare for a blow and a change in the weather.

1. It is true that .

A. using folklore and proverbs to forecast weather is more accurate than modern forecasting

B. complex computer models and weather instruments can always forecast weather accurately

C. modern forecasting cannot always guarantee accurate weather forecasting for some reason

D. modern forecasting along with other observations is sure to give accurate weather forecast

2. In a low-pressure system, you may notice the following EXCEPT that .

A. some birds will be seen flying near the surface of the earth

B. some flowers close so rain doesn't get inside

C. some animals come down from mountains

D. some insects disappear from ground

3. It is a fact that the behaviour of plants and animals is .

A. likely to reflect long-term weather forecasting

B. likely to reflect short-term weather forecasting

C. unlikely to reflect any kind of weather forecasting

D. more likely to reflect both short-term and long-term weather forecasting

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. People can forecast weather with no modern equipment.

B. How to use proverbs to forecast weather forecasting.

C. Hard as it is, weather forecasting has a scientific base.

D. The importance of weather forecasting.

六

(2011年南通二模)

“People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change, ” the world's leading authority on global warming has told The Observer.

Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.

Pachauri, who was re-elected the panel's chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. “It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport, ” he said.

The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants (反刍动物) , particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2.

Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. “I have a little bit and enjoy it, ” said Torode. “Too much for any person is bad. But there's a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food, we'd save a huge amount of carbon emissions.”

Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. “Eating less meat would help, there's no question about that, ” Watson said.

However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. “Some ideas were contradictory, ” he said. “For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.”

1. What is directly related to global warming?

A. Consumption of meat.

B. Growth of cattle.

C. Methane from ruminants.

D. Processing of meat.

2. Who holds a view opposite to the others' in the passage?

A. Rajendra Pachauri. B. John Torode.

C. Robert Watson. D. Chris Lamb.

3. It is implied in the passage that .

A. we should try to keep away from cattle

B. ruminants should not be left outdoors

C. the meat industry will soon close down

D. we must do our duty to save the earth

4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. Less meat, slower global warming

B. More animals, more greenhouse gas

C. Less imported food, better our environment

D. Greater diet change, smaller climate change

七

(2011年南通一模)

Food Cures

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Description:

Did you know that fish oil is emerging as a real treatment for depression? That coffee and cinnamon can actually lower blood sugar in people with diabetes? Here you'll find detailed food prescriptions, based on the latest research, for more than 57 common health problems, including colds, hay fever, memory loss and so on. Plus dozens of practical suggestions for getting more of the foods that can help prevent disease, and simple recipes for immune-boosting smoothies, healing teas, and more.

Product Details:

Hardcover: 352 pages

Publisher: Reader's Digest Association

Publication Date: 2007-09

ISBN: 0762107308

※ ※ ※

Average Customer Rating: based on 3 reviews

Average Customer Review:

★★★★★Exactly As Described Feb 15, 2010

Product arrived quickly. The description said there was a tear on the cover of the book. I was pleased that it was just a small tear and otherwise the book was in very good condition. This seller was honest and did not try to overplay the condition in order to make a sale.

★★★★Some good information Feb 06, 2010

This book does have some good information, but it does not talk at all about eating organic food, grass fed beef, free-range eggs, etc. The poisonous pesticides (杀虫剂) and artificial hormones (激素) in our society have a huge effect on our health and some illnesses probably wouldn't even exist if it weren't for them.

★★★★★Fantastic Aug 05, 2009

This book is perfect for any questions you have about using food to help your body. We all know chicken soup helps colds, but did you know? This book will tell you exactly what's special about each food and what part of the body or disease it helps.Combat any health problems you have with this common sense food guide.

1. Who is the advertisement mainly intended for?

A. People who learn to treat patients.

B. People who publish books on health.

C. People who cook food for certain patients.

D. People who try to improve their health.

2. Which of the following statements about the book is WRONG?

A. It contains information about specific foods.

B. It has been poorly evaluated by its readers.

C. It is useful for people with diabetes.

D. It was published in September, 2007.

3. The underlined word “combat” in the last paragraph probably means “”.

A. discuss B. identify

C. fight D. present

八

(2011年南通二模)

Hotel Icaria Barcelona

Hotel Location

Hotel Icaria Barcelona is 330 yards from Barcelona's Nova Icaria Beach. It is located in the Olympic Port area, a 10-minute walk from Ciutadella Park and Barcelona Zoo. Ciutadella Metro Station is half a mile away, and is just 2 stops from Barcelona Cathedral (大教堂) and the historic Gothic Quarter.

Hotel Facilities

Hotel Policies

These are general hotel policies for Hotel Icaria Barcelona. As they may vary per room type, please also check the room description.

Terms & Conditions

Your reservation is absolutely secure. All personal data is encrypted and will only be used to process your booking. For more information, read our PRIVACY STATEMENT. Booking.com will not charge you any reservation fees for making this booking.

1. Hotel Icaria Barcelona allows you easy access to the following EXCEPT .

A. the stadiums where you can have sports

B. the seaside where you can relax yourself

C. the places where you can take trains or buses

D. the building where you can attend a religious service

2. The underlined word “encrypted” in the last section probably means “”.

A. analysed B. stored

C. collected D. protected

3. It can be inferred from the advertisement that .

A. smoking is completely forbidden in the hotel

B. every room follows the same hotel policies

C. policies may be in your favor if you book 6 rooms

D. an extra bed can be provided for you free of charge

九

(2011年南京二模)

Once many years ago, I pulled a family out of a burning car somewhere in Wyoming. Last week I received a telephone call from a woman who could not stop crying as she told me that one of my stories had saved her son from committing suicide. In closing she called me a hero.

That got me thinking about what a hero is. Was I a hero because I pulled a family from a burning car? If so, how could I be a hero just because I wrote a story that saved someone's life?

Today I decided to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It read “a person who does something brave”. As I read on, it also said “a person who is good and noble.”

That statement impressed me more than the part about being brave. So I thought about something very important. Say I was walking into the local Wal-Mart Store and I happened to open, and hold the door for someone as a courtesy. As they passed me by, I say, “How are you today?” Most of the time that would be no big deal, but this time let's say it was for someone who was deeply depressed and near the end of the rope. That may have very well been the only kindness or courtesy shown to them in a very long time.

Having been near “the end of my rope”, after my marriage of twenty years ended, I was in such a condition. I was within hours trying to get up enough courage to end the pain and misery. When I returned home, someone had sent me a card in the mail which told me how much they would appreciate me as a friend. That wonderful card probably saved my life. That person, without even knowing it, saved a life and became a hero.

The many stories I kept writing in the following years saved the life of a teenage boy. In turn that makes the person who sent me the card a double hero. I suppose that is why I fight so hard to help the children now living in orphanages (孤儿院) . Most children come out of these institutions with a very hard and bitter attitude against the world. The gifts we send them let them know that they have not been forgotten. Hopefully, most of them will never hurt anyone because of the kindness shown to them by those of us who cared. If it works, we will also become “heroes”.

Gee, who would have ever thought that anyone can become a hero, and possibly save a life, just by being kind and courteous to others? The best part of all is that becoming a hero is free to all who wish to wear such an honor.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. Why Should You Be A Hero?

B. What Exactly Is A Hero?

C. I Am A Hero

D. Everyone Is A Hero

2. The underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 4 means the behavior that is .

A. both polite and respectful

B. both brave and fearless

C. both thoughtful and considerate

D. both cute and kind

3. The underlined word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph 5 refers to .

A. the wonderful card the writer received

B. the action of sending the card

C. the fact that the sender saved the writer

D. the fact that the sender was a true friend

4. According to this passage, which of the following can be considered as the behavior of a hero?

A. Holding a door open for someone.

B. Sending someone a wonderful card.

C. Keeping writing many stories for children.

D. Being kind to someone who has a hard time.

参考答案与解析:

一

【短文大意】本文介绍了睡眠中的人对于噪音的不同反应, 以及从一些科学研究中得出的结论, 在文章的结尾处指出还需要做进一步的研究。

1. B 推理判断题。结合第四、五段可知, 不同人的大脑对于噪音的感应程度不同, 因此有不同的反应, 故选择B。

2. A 细节理解题。结合第五段可知, 影响睡眠的关键是睡眠纺锤波 (sleep spindles) 的反应程度, 故选择A。

3. B 细节理解题。结合第七段可知, 一个人经历的慢波睡眠越多, 他就会睡得越沉, 故选择B。

4. A 推理判断题。结合文章的最后一段可知, 科学家会发现更多的影响睡眠的因素, 如饮食、锻炼等, 故选择A。

二

【短文大意】本文是三则新闻报道。第一则, 法国游客智胜荷兰小偷。第二则, 伊丽莎白·泰勒继续住院治疗。第三则, 在受到抗议者追逐之后, 日本暂停捕鲸。

1. C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 他直接跑进法律管辖之中, 可以排除B、D两项。另外根据上文所提及内容, 小偷是跟着这个游客跑进了警察局, 故选C。

2. A 细节理解题。泰勒因为有心脏病的症状而接受治疗, 这种情况在2004年的11月份就发现了。由此可见泰勒心脏有问题已经有好几年了, 故选A。

3. D 推理判断题。根据新闻标题可知, 在被抗议者追逐之后, 日本将暂停捕鲸活动, 暂停不等于停止, 因此Japan will not hunt whales any more.为错误选项。

三

【短文大意】本文详细介绍了英吉利海峡隧道, 包括它的修建、隧道火车运行等情况。

1. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句可知选B。

2. A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段可知, 隧道里有三个完整的通道, 两个外部的是客车通道, 里边一个小的是引导车的通道, 它们彼此平行, 故选A。

3. B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段第三句及后几句可知, The Eurotunnel是提供摆渡服务的, 即运车辆的, 有车厢允许司机开着他们自己的车上下。由此可见, The Eurotunnel主要用来运送司机和他们自己的车辆。

4. C 推理判断题。纵观全文, 尤其是文章的最后一句可知这是火车上所广播的一篇文章, 故选C。

四

【短文大意】本文记叙了作者的一次旅行经历。由于天气原因, 作者改乘汽车, 一路上受到一位女士的帮助, 使作者顺利地到达了目的地。最后等到作者要感谢她时, 她已经离开了。

1. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知, 作者当时穿着一双凉鞋, 因此推断作者来自温暖的地方。

2. D 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知, 如果作者不告诉亲戚他到达的时间, 他们会等上约五个小时而且不知道发生了什么事, 所以他到达的时间最重要。

3. B 主旨大意题。本文讲述的是在一位英国女士的帮助下, 作者顺利到达目的地的事情, 从而告诉读者英国人乐于助人, 故选B。

五

【短文大意】本文介绍了人们利用民间传说和谚语预报天气, 并且分析了这类方法预报天气的原理。

1. C 细节理解题。第一段讲到预报天气是一件困难的事, 并且由第三句可知最好的预报也可能受到小小的干扰而改变, 所以即便是现代化的预报手段也不能确保一定准确。

2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句可知, D项的说法是错误的, 故选D。

3. B 推理判断题。由第二、三、四段的内容可知, 一般是在低气压或下雨天气来临的时间, 人们能感受或观察到动植物的变化, 所以动植物主要反映的是短期的天气预报。

4. C 主旨大意题。文章介绍了人们根据民俗和谚语预报天气, 并且给出了这些预报方法背后蕴含的科学道理, 所以可以看出, 虽然预报天气很难, 但是还是有科学依据可以遵循的。

六

【短文大意】有关全球变暖的主要权威机构建议人们一周中应该有一天不吃肉, 以此来帮助应对气候的变化。养牛和其他动物被认为造成了大量的温室气体排放, 并引起了其他的环境问题。

1. C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知, methane (甲烷) 比CO2 (二氧化碳) 对全球变暖的影响要大得多, 故选C。

2. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段, 尤其是第一句可推断, Chris Lamb并不赞成这种提议。

3. D 推理判断题。建议人们少吃肉是为了缓解全球气候变化, 这是人们可以通过自我牺牲 (make a personal and effective sacrifice) 来实现的。

4. A 主旨大意题。文章的主要内容是建议人们一周中应该有一天不吃肉, 以此来帮助应对气候的变化, 也就是“少吃肉, 减缓全球变暖”。

七

【短文大意】本文是为一本食疗书做的一则广告, 介绍了这本书的一些详细情况以及读者对这本书的一些评价。

1. D 细节理解题。这则广告是关于一本食疗书的, 书的内容是告诉读者如何利用恰当的食物来改善健康, 因此它是针对想要改善健康的人, 故选D。

2. B 细节理解题。文章的后半部分列举了三位读者对这本书的评价, 读者对这本书的评价非常高, 因此B项说读者对这本书的评价很差很明显是错误的。

3.C 词义猜测题。这本书的主要内容就是如何利用食疗来改善健康, 改善健康就是与健康问题作斗争, 因此combat有“与……作斗争”的含义, 与fight意义接近。

八

【短文大意】本文属于应用文, 是Hotel Icaria Barcelona的住店指南。

1. A 细节理解题。由第一部分Hotel Location可知, 宾馆离海滩 (Nova Icaria Beach) 、地铁站 (Ciutadella Metro Station) 和教堂 (Barcelona Cathedral) 都很近, 而未提及体育馆, 故选A。

2. D 词义猜测题。根据前面一句Your reservation is absolutely secure.可知, 预订房间是安全的, 所有的个人资料受到保护 (encrypted) , 并且只在预订时使用。

3. C 推理判断题。根据Groups一栏可知, 预订5间以上的房间可以有不同的规定和额外的补充, 故选C。

九

【短文大意】本文作者通过讲述自身的实例告诉读者什么是英雄, 英雄不一定要做轰轰烈烈的大事, 而是做一些小事, 比如对处于困难中的人友好是一种英雄的行为。

1. B 主旨大意题。

本文作者通过自身的事迹诠释了英雄的概念。什么是英雄是本文的中心, 故选B。

2. A 词义猜测题。

根据前文提及的情景open, and hold the door for someone (为他人开门并拉住门) , 这种举动是出于对对方的一种礼貌和尊重, 故选A。

3. C 词义猜测题。

文中提出那个人给我送了张卡片, 就是那张卡片打消了我自杀的念头, 而送卡片的人对此并不知道, 因此it指的是那张卡片挽救了我的生命, 故选C。

4. D 细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段, 作者坚持给孤儿院的孩子写故事, 并用善良来感动他们, 尤其是根据最后一句可知, 对于处于困难中的人友好也是一种英雄的行为。

中考英语阅读理解试题篇5

Once Goethe, the great German poet, was walking in a park.He was thinking about something when he noticed he came to a very, very narrow road.Just at that time, a young man came towards him from the other end of the road.It was too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time.They stopped and looked at each other for a while.Then the young man said rudely, “I never make way for a fool.” But Goethe smiled and said, “I always do.” Then he turned back quickly and walked towards the end of the road.根据短文内容，回答问题。

1.Where was Goethe walking?

________________________________________________________________

2.Who came towards Goethe from the other end of the road?

________________________________________________________________

3.Was the road too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time?

________________________________________________________________

4.Did the young man make way for Goethe?

________________________________________________________________

5.Who turned back quickly and walked towards the end of the road?

________________________________________________________________

答案及解析：

1.In a park。所问的问题是“歌德正走在什么地方?”根据Once Goethe, the great German poet, was walking in a park(有一次，德国大诗人歌德正在一个公园里散步)就能作出上述回答。

2.A young man。所问的问题是“谁从路的另一端向歌德走来?”根据Just at that time, a young man came towards him from the other end of the road(就在那个时候，一个年轻人从从路的另一端向他走来)就能作出上述回答。

3.Yes, it was。所问的问题是“这条路太窄两个人不能同时经过吗?”根据It was too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time.(这条路太窄两个人不能同时经过)就能作出上述回答。

4.No, he didn’t。所问的问题是“那个年轻人给歌德让路了吗?”根据Then the young man said rudely, “I never make way for a fool.”(当时，那个年轻人粗暴地说：“我决不会给一个傻瓜让路)就能作出上述回答。

原创阅读试题推演篇6

游钓台记

郑日奎

钓台在浙东，汉严先生①隐处也。先生风节，辉映千古，予夙慕之。因忆富春、桐江诸山水，得借先生以传，心奇甚，思得一游为快。顾是役也，奉檄北上，草草行道中耳，非游也。然以为游，则亦游矣。

舟发自常山，由衢抵严，凡三百余里，山水皆有可观。第目之所及，未暇问名，颔之而已。惟诫舟子以过七里滩，必余告。越日，舟行万山中，忽睹云际双峰，崭然秀峙，觉有异，急呼舟子曰：“若非钓台耶？”曰：“然矣。”舟稍近，迫视之，所云两台，实两峰也。台称之者，后人为之也。台东西对峙，相距可数百步。石铁色，陡起江干，数百仞不肯止。巉岩傲睨，如高士并立，风致岸然。崖际草木，亦作严冷状。树多松，疏疏罗植，偃仰离奇各有态。倒影水中，又有如游龙百余，水流波动，势欲飞起。峰之下，先生祠堂在焉。意当日垂纶，应在是地，固无登峰求鱼之理。故曰：“峰也而台称之者，后人为之也。”

山既奇秀，境复幽蒨。欲舣舟一登，而舟子固持不可。不能强，因致礼焉，遂行。于是足不及游，而目游之。俯仰间，清风徐来，无名之香，四山飓至，则鼻游之。舟子谓滩水佳甚，试之良然，盖是即陆羽②所品十九泉也，则舌游之。顷之，帆行峰转，瞻望弗及矣。返坐舟中，细绎其峰峦起止、径路出没之态，惝恍间如舍舟登陆，如披草寻磴，如振衣最高处，下瞰群山趋列，或秀静如文，或雄拔如武，大似云台诸将相，非不杰然卓立，觉视先生，悉在下风，盖神游之矣。思稍倦，隐几卧，而空濛滴沥之状，竟与魂魄往来，于是乎并以梦游，觉而日之夕矣。舟泊前渚，人稍定，呼舟子劳以酒，细询之曰：“若尝登钓台乎？山之中景何若？其上更有异否？四际云物，何如奇也？”舟子具能悉之，于是乎并以耳游。噫嘻！快矣哉，是游乎！

客或笑谓：“郑子足未出舟中一步，游于何有？”“嗟乎！客不闻乎？昔宗少文卧游五岳，孙兴公遥赋天台，皆未尝身历其地。余今所得，较诸二子，不多乎哉？故曰：‘以为游，则亦游矣。”客曰：“微子言，不及此。虽然，少文之画，兴公之文，盍处一焉，以谢山灵！”余窃愧未之逮也，遂为之记。

（节选自《清文观止》）

注：①严先生：指严光，字子陵，东汉人，早年曾与汉光武帝刘秀同学。刘秀做皇帝后，他改名换姓，归隐富春山。②陆羽：唐代著名隐士，精于品茶，著有《茶经》三篇，后世奉为茶圣。

1.对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（）

A.顾是役也顾：只是，不过

B.未暇问名暇：空闲

C.如披草寻磴披：披着

D.余窃愧未之逮也逮：赶上

2.下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是（）

A.然以为游，则亦游矣/于其身也，则耻师焉

B.峰之下，先生祠堂在焉/积水成渊，蛟龙生焉

C.其上更有异否/其皆出于此乎

D.盍处一焉，以谢山灵/先帝不以臣卑鄙

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是（）

A.第一段开篇点题，先点明钓台之所在，然后写游钓台的缘由——分写出远因和近因两个方面。

B.第二段写钓台景色，由近及远，从下到上，为读者描绘了一幅奇丽动人的山水画。

C.第三段写游钓台，分目游、鼻游、舌游、神游、梦游、耳游等，构思新颖，行文巧妙，表现出作者盎然的游兴。

D.最后一段通过对话，交代作记原因，再次强调“以为游，则亦游矣”，使文章首尾呼应，浑然一体。

4.把文言阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

（1）惟诫舟子以过七里滩，必余告。

译文：

（2）意当日垂纶，应在是地，固无登峰求鱼之理。

译文：

（3）舟子谓滩水佳甚，试之良然，盖是即陆羽所品十九泉也，则舌游之。

译文：

参考答案

1.C（披：拨开。）

2.B（两个“焉”均為兼词，相当于“于此”。A项，前一个“则”，连词，表承接，就；后一个“则”，连词，表转折，却。C项，前一个“其”，代词，它的；后一个“其”，副词，表揣测，大概。D项，前一个“以”，连词，表目的，来；后一个“以”，连词，因为。）

3.B（应是“由远及近，从上到下”。）

4.（1）只有叮嘱船夫（当船）经过七里滩时，一定要告诉我。（关键词为“惟”“诫”，“余告”为宾语前置。）（2）料想他当日垂钓，应该就在这里，本来就没有登上山峰去钓鱼的道理。（关键词为“意”“是”“固”。）（3）船夫说七里滩水质很好，尝一尝确实是这样，原来这就是陆羽所品评的第十九泉呀，那么我的舌头也游览了。（关键词为“良”“盖”“即”。）

[参考译文]

游钓台记

钓台在浙江东部，是东汉严子陵先生隐居的地方。先生的风度气节，映照千古，我素来仰慕他。于是想到富春、桐江一带的山水，是靠着先生而传名的，心里很以为奇异，很想能够游览一次（钓台）作为乐事。不过这次奉了檄文，启程到北方去，匆匆忙忙走在路上罢了，不是游览。但当作是游览，就也算是游览了。

我坐船从常山出发，从衢州到严州，一共三百多里，山水都有值得观赏的。只是眼睛所见，来不及问名字，（只能）点点头罢了。只有叮嘱船夫（当船）经过七里滩时，一定要告诉我。过了一天，船在群山中航行，忽然看见云端两座山峰挺拔对峙，觉得有些奇异，急忙呼叫船夫说：“那不是钓台吗？”船夫回答说：“是的。”船行到渐近一些，迫近一看，人们所说的两台实际是两座山峰。将峰称作台，是后人这么叫它的。两台东西对峙，相隔大约几百步。石头铁色，耸立在江边，高几千尺还不止。险峻的山岩就像高士站在一起，神态高傲。崖边的草木，也似乎有些威严冷静的样子。山峰上的树多是松树，疏疏落落各处种植，高低奇特各有形态。它们的影子倒映在水中，又好像百多条游动的龙，水波流动，那样子好像要飞起来。山峰下面，严先生的祠堂就在那里。料想他当日垂钓，应该就在这里，本来就没有登上山峰去钓鱼的道理。所以我说：“山峰被称作台，是后人说出来的。”

这山既奇特秀丽，环境又幽美。我就想要停船靠岸登上山去，可是船夫坚持不同意。不能勉强他，于是对这山行一个礼，船继续航行。于是我的脚不能够去游览，而眼睛去游览了。低头抬头之间，阵阵清风慢慢吹来，说不出名字的香气，从四面山峰传来，那么我的鼻子也游览了。船夫说七里滩水质很好，尝一尝确实是这样，原来这就是陆羽所品评的第十九泉呀，那么我的舌头也游览了。一会儿，随着船行进，山峰转过去，就望不到了。转身坐在船舱中，细细地想这山峰起伏、路径曲折的样子，恍惚间好像离开船登上岸，像拨开草寻找石级，像整顿衣服站在最高处，向下俯瞰，群山排列，有的清秀沉静像文人，有的雄伟挺拔像武夫，非常像东汉云台众位将相，并非不杰出高超，（但）觉得与严先生比较，却都处在下风了，这是我的精神在游览了。稍觉疲倦，便靠在几上假寐，那山色空濛、滴沥的情状，竟同我的魂魄往来，于是连梦里也游玩到了，醒时天色已晚。船停泊在前面沙洲，大家稍为安定，就叫船夫来，用酒慰劳他，详细询问他说：“你曾经登过钓台吗？山中的景色怎么样？它上面有什么更奇怪的东西吗？四面的景物怎样的奇异？”船夫全都能够回答，于是我的耳朵也一并游览了。啊呀，快乐呀，这次的游玩！

有个客人笑着对我说：“您的脚没有离开这船一步，又在哪里游览呢？”“唉！客人不曾听说过吗？从前宗少文躺在床上游历五岳，孙兴公遥遥在家作游天台山的赋，都没有亲身到那地方。我现在所得到的，跟这两个人比较，不是显得多了吗？所以说：‘当作是游览，就也算是游览了。”客人说：“如果没有听您一番话，就想不到这些。虽然是这样，有少文的画、兴公的赋，您为什么不作一种，来答谢此山的神灵呢？”我自愧不能赶上他们，便写了这篇游记。

二、小说

洋娃娃的房子

（英）曼斯菲尔德

伯纳尔家的孩子从未看见过这样完美的洋娃娃的房子哩。房间都是用纸裱糊好的。除了厨房，地板上全部铺着红地毯。客厅里摆着红色的长毛绒椅子，饭厅里的椅子是绿色的……凯西娅最喜欢的却是那盏灯。一只配着白灯罩的油灯，像是灌满了油，一点就会亮一般。就这房子来说，洋娃娃显得大了一点，然而那盏灯却是十全十美的。它像在朝凯西娅微笑：“我是生在这儿的。”

次日早晨，伯纳尔家的孩子跑向学校，她们要向每一个人夸耀一番她们的洋娃娃的房子。“我先讲，”伊莎贝尔说，“我是老大，得由我决定让谁先来看。”洛蒂和凯西娅知道老大的权力，她们一声不吭，擦着路边的金凤花走过去。

伊莎贝尔被团团围了起来。只有莉尔姐妹俩站在圈子外边。

如果可能，伯纳尔家是不会让孩子上这学校的，但是方圆几公里以内只有这一所学校。结果呢，法官的女孩，医生的女儿，老板的孩子，送牛奶人的子女全都混在一起了。总得划条界线吧。于是，界线就划在莉尔姐妹俩这里。许多小孩包括伯纳尔家的，都不准和她们说话。连教师和她们说话的声调也迥然不同。

她俩是囚犯和洗衣妇的女儿。她们的衣服全是母亲用帮工的人家赏赐的“破烂儿”拼凑起来的。拿莉尔来说吧，她的衣服是用伯纳尔家绿色的假哗叽台布改制的，两只红色的长毛绒袖子是劳根家的窗帘。一顶成年女人的帽子顶在额头上，它曾是邮政局长兰基小姐的财产。帽子后沿向上翻卷着，还插着一根鲜红的大羽毛。妹妹埃尔斯，穿着一件睡衣似的白长袍和一双男孩的长统靴子。埃尔斯瘦骨嶙峋，一双呆板的大眼睛。她难得开口，从来没有人看见她笑过。

现在，她们就在圈子外面徘徊，总不能不让她们听吧。当有的女孩回头对她们冷笑时，莉尔和平时一样，害羞地傻笑一下，埃尔斯则眼睁睁地瞅着大家。

伊莎贝尔骄傲地讲着。地毯、床和有一扇小炉门的火炉，这些都引起了轰动。她刚讲完，凯西娅就插了进来。“你忘记那盏灯了，伊莎贝尔。”

“哦，对，”伊莎贝尔说，“饭厅的桌子上还有一盏小油灯。”

“油灯是所有东西里最最好的，”凯西娅叫了起来。她认為伊莎贝尔根本没把灯的优点说清楚。

好多天过去了，看过洋娃娃房子的孩子越来越多，他们见面就问：“看过伯纳尔家洋娃娃的房子吗？喔，真可爱！”

“妈妈，”凯西娅说，“我不能邀请莉尔姐妹来一次吗？”

“当然不能，凯西娅。”

“为什么呢？”

“去玩吧，凯西娅，你明明知道为什么不行。”

最后，除了她俩以外，每个人都看见过洋娃娃的房子了。

一天下午，趁姐姐们陪伴客人，凯西娅溜了出去。她爬到院子里的大白门上荡来荡去。她朝路上望去，看见有两个小黑点在朝她走来。是莉尔姐妹。凯西娅从门上滑下来，像是要跑开。她犹豫了一下，又爬上了门。

“喂！”她朝莉尔叫了一声。

两姐妹大吃一惊，停了下来。莉尔又傻笑了一下。埃尔斯眼睁睁地瞅着。

“你们想看看洋娃娃的房子吗？”听了这话，莉尔的脸马上红了起来，随即摇了摇头。

“为什么？”凯西娅说。莉尔喘了口气说：“你妈对我妈说的，我不可以和你们说话的。”

“没关系，”凯西娅说，“来吧，没人看见。”

莉尔的头摇得更厉害了。

突然，莉尔的裙子被用力扯了一下。她回过头去，埃尔斯恳求似地看着她。莉尔疑虑重重地盯着埃尔斯。埃尔斯又拉了拉她的裙子……

“你怎么敢叫她俩到院子里来？”凯西娅的母亲高声嚷道。

莉尔羞愧得缩成一团，像她母亲一样，埃尔斯则惘然若失。她们一口气跑到了看不见伯纳尔家的地方后，坐在一根排水管道上休息。莉尔脱下插着大羽毛的帽子，她们的眼光梦幻似地越过草料场，望着小溪，投向那围着篱笆的地方，那里，劳根家的母牛正在那儿等着挤奶呢。她们在想些什么呢？

一会儿，埃尔斯挨到她姐姐的身边。她已经忘记了那个粗暴的太太。她伸出一个手指，碰碰姐姐的大羽毛，难得地笑了一笑。

“我看见那盏灯了。”她轻轻地说。

然后，两个人又一次沉默了。

（有删改）

1.文章第五段画线句对莉尔姐妹衣著的描写，在艺术表现上有什么特点和作用？（4分）

答：

2.莉尔的形象有什么特点？请简要分析。（6分）

答：

3.请探究文章中那盏“灯”的意蕴。（4分）

答：

4.“然后，两个人又一次沉默了。”请分析小说结尾处这句话的含意和作用。（6分）

答：

参考答案

1.通过繁笔（细节描写或从色彩的角度描写），极尽夸张（漫画式）地写出莉尔姐妹衣着怪异的情形，突出了她们家的极度贫穷与地位低下。（特点、作用各2分。）

2.①逆来顺受，不抗争：遭受奚落、呵责总是害羞地傻笑，或是羞愧得像她母亲一样缩成一团；②害羞自卑或接受了等级观念，遵守成人告诫：站在圈子外面看，不敢和凯西娅说话，不敢答应看洋娃娃的房子；③仍然带有孩童的天真与渴望：当妹妹要去看洋娃娃的房子时，她最终还是答应了，或被凯西娅的母亲赶出来后，眼光梦幻似地投向劳根家的围着篱笆的地方。（每点2分）

3.①是温暖幸福的象征；②折射了凯西娅未被同化的童真、善良，是人性（心灵）美好的体现；③是埃尔斯向往美好，渴望被人接纳的心理映照（或是分属贫富两个阶层的孩子心灵之间得以沟通的象征）；④是作者渴望社会平等、仁爱的理想寄托。（每点2分，答到两点即可。）

4.①表现了莉尔姐妹对社会不公的迷惘与无奈；②表现了她们与凯西娅的短暂沟通在成人粗暴干预下被阻断的失落；③含蓄地表达了作者对这个冷漠社会的批判；④故事于此戛然而止，给读者留下想象空间，能唤起读者对小说揭示的社会问题的思考。（每点2分，答到三点即可。）

三、散文

必要的丧失

迟子建

在云南的大理，有天傍晚我在河岸散步，在石桥的一端突然与一个人相遇。他衣着洁净，笑嘻嘻地望着桥下的流水，那样子仿佛水中有他美如天仙的新娘。古朴的石桥、平静的河水、清朗的月光，这种充满古典情怀的场景使我对那人产生了好奇。月色给他的脸涂上一层柔和的光彩。他入神地微笑着，一动不动地望着河水。如果不是他始终如一地毫无顾忌地笑着，我想不到他是精神失常者。他与我擦身而过，像大多数的精神失常者一样，走路很散漫，晃晃悠悠，有一种逍遥感。

我想象他为何而精神失常。这世俗生活中能制约、桎梏和诱惑人的种种事物我都想了一番却得不到任何答案。但有一点是肯定的，他丧失了世俗人要为之奔波、劳碌、明争暗斗的职称、住房待遇、官职、金钱、荣誉等等累人的东西。那么他心中留下的那一点是什么？留下的必定是唯一的、单纯的、永恒的、执著的东西。这种东西带给了他安详、平和、宁静与超然。

他的笑常常使我警觉，这使我想起了里尔克，他在自己的一生中努力追求一种孤独感，有时候朋友或亲人破坏了他这种孤独感，他就会离他们而去。这种孤独感是否是精神失常者心中仅存的一种古典诗意之美呢？距离产生了，客观、清醒和冷静的良好品质必然在人的身上出现，而距离总是以丧失作为前提的。

必要的丧失是对想象力的一种促进和保护。许多秀山秀水、文化底蕴深厚的地方频频产生过大学问家，而很大气的艺术家却寥寥无几。我一直以为这样尽善尽美的环境没有给想象以飞翔的动力，而荒凉、偏僻的不毛之地却给想象力提供了更广阔的空间。没有了满足感、自适感，憧憬便在缺憾、失落、屈辱中脱颖而出，因而变得比现实本身更为光彩夺目。

怀旧是否是一种丧失呢？我认为是。尽管怀旧的形式本身是拾取和藕断丝连，但就怀旧的事物本身而言，它却是对逝去事物的剔除和背叛，因为你不是怀恋已逝的所有事物，而是只对一件事物情有独钟。那么你在怀旧时，就意味着你对往昔大部分生活的丧失，你用阅历和理性判断出了一种值得追忆的事物，这种东西对你而言是永恒的。几乎所有的作家都有怀旧情绪，这种拾取实在是一场轰轰烈烈的丧失，而这种丧失又是必不可少的。

那么憧憬呢？我认为憧憬也是一种丧失。憧憬是想象力的飞翔，它是对现实的一种扬弃和挑战。现实太满或者太流于平庸了，憧憬便会扶摇而上，寻找它自己的阳光和雨露。憧憬脱离尘世，当然就是对许多俗世生活的一种丧失。

怀旧和憧憬，这是文学家身上必不可少的两个良好素质，它们的产生都伴随着丧失。而并不是任何人每时每刻都能怀旧和憧憬的，它需要营养的补充，也就是需要培养人的一种孤独感——一种近于怪癖的艺术家的精神气质。一个八面玲珑、缺乏个性的人是永远不会成为艺术家的，因为他们拥抱一切，缺乏问询、怀疑、冷静和坦诚，因而也就产生不了距离和美。

我又想起了在大理石桥上遇见的那个人。以往我会像绝大多数人一样称他们为精神病患者，但我现在不那么以为了。首先我已经不敢肯定这是一种病，当然就不能说他是患者了。我们是用常人的眼光打量他们的，他们那不顾一切、彻头彻尾的丧失令我们疑惑不解，所以我们认定他们有病。有一个小常识很说明问题，几乎绝大多数病的症状都伴有抑郁、焦虑、暴躁、惊慌的表现。而精神失常者却表现出一种使人迷醉的冷静、平和及愉悦，这有他们脸上的笑容为证。他们战胜了抑郁、焦虑、暴躁和惊慌，他们的心中也许仅存一种纯粹的事物，他们在打量我们时，是否认为我们是有病的？所以我只能认为他们是精神失常者，或者说是精神漫游者。

（有删改）

1.作者说“怀旧”和“憧憬”都是一种丧失，这两种“丧失”分别针对什么而言？请简要说明。（4分）

答：

2.文章写到里尔克，说他“努力追求一种孤独感”，后又说“需要培养人的一种孤独感”。简析这种“孤独感”的具体含义是什么。（4分）

答：

3.文章以“必要的丧失”为标题，请联系全文，谈谈你对“必要的丧失”含义的理解。（6分）

答：

4.文章的开头和结尾都写到大理石桥上的精神失常者，这在文中有什么作用？（6分）

答：

参考答案

1.“怀旧”这种“丧失”是针对“往昔”而言，指对往昔大部分生活的丧失（舍弃）。（2分）“憧憬”这种“丧失”是针对“现实”而言，指对现实生活的不满和扬弃。（2分）

2.指远离尘世的烦忧（2分），能够对自然、社会、人生进行客观、清醒、冷静的审视的一种独立精神境界。（2分。也可说成是“……的精神气质”。）

3.①“必要的丧失”并非是被动的，而是主动的，是人生必需的。②“必要的丧失”是指人应该有所舍弃，即舍弃那些功利的欲望。③而舍弃本身也是一种获得，在心中留下唯一、单纯、永恒、执著的精神追求，以达到安详、平和、宁静与超然的人生境地。（每点2分）

4.示例：①文章开头写精神失常者，借从中受到的启迪引出关于“必要的丧失”的话题；②结尾再一次提到精神失常者，是借以审视常人的行为，深化本文主题。③同时，使得文章在形式上首尾呼应，结构严谨。（每点2分）

阅读理解试题篇7

(2011年高考终极压轴安徽卷)

Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas. People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事)or drive on weekends benefit most from car sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and have access to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to make a reservation, and then go to the pickup spot.

Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road. Members don't drive just because they are in a car. They plan trips, and if they don't need a car, they don't use one. Still, a car is available to them if they need to make a big trip to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually don't have to pay for the gas, insurance or maintenance (保养), and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but aren't ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go.

If you still need to get around, but want to go even greener than sharing a car, share a bus!

1. The author intends to tell us that car sharing _______.

A. has become the most popular way to go to work

B. has become the best way to cut living costs

C. is becoming more and more popular in cities

D. is becoming popular both in urban and rural(乡村的)areas

2. We can conclude from the passage that .

A. Zipcar can't help you if you are running urgent errands

B. Zipcar, different from other services, aims green driving with no profit

C. Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing service for a monthly payment

D. Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free

3. The second paragraph mainly tells us _______.

A. why people will share a car

B. why car sharing benefits the environment

C. why car sharing is cheaper than owning a car

D. why a car is available to members

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Car sharing has become a new trend.

B. Car sharing can save you the headaches of ownership.

C. Bus sharing is even greener than car sharing.

D. Zipcar is the largest company offering car sharing services.

(2011年安庆一中、合肥六中临考卷)

Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortages of type O blood. Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.

There are four main kinds of blood. Most people are born with one of these four: type A, type B, type AB or type O. Type O can be safely given to anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood.

Type O is the most common blood group. But the supplies of it available in hospitals and blood banks are usually limited. This is because of high demand. Type O blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to identify the patient's blood type.

Giving A, B or AB to someone with a different blood type, including O, can cause a bad reaction by the person's defense system. Their immune system can reject the blood. This immune reaction can be deadly.

The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules. These molecules are found on the surface of the cells. They are known as antigens (抗原). These antigens are found with type A, B and AB blood but not with type O.

More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type ceils. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes (酶). But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change.

Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it could become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.

1. The new way scientists use to reduce shortage of type O blood is _______.

A. to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood

B. to give birth to more babies with type O blood

C. to use other kinds of blood to replace type O blood

D. to appeal to more people to donate type O blood

2. People have different kinds of blood types because _______.

A. people's red blood cells contain different kinds of sugar molecules

B. the areas where people live have an influence on their blood types

C. they have different races, cultures and origins

D. they are born with different kinds of blood types

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. One person's antigens could easily be removed to another person.

B. A Denmark company sponsored the study led by Doctor Henrik Clausen.

C. Type O blood can be given to anybody regardless of his own blood type.

D. The new method is too costly to be put into use in hospitals.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. People in the world have four different kinds of blood.

B. A new way to reduce the shortage of Type O blood.

C. Doctor Henrik Clausen and his research into blood type.

D. People's immune system can reject the wrong type of blood.

(皖南八校2011届高三第二次联考)

If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?

According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.

The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.

A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.

Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.

“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.

It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.

Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),”he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”

The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.

1. The main subject talked about in this passage is _______.

A. science on learning a second language

B. man's ability of learning a second language

C. language can help brain power

D. language learning and maths study

2. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to _______.

A. say language is also a kind of physical labor

B. prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language

C. to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language

D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well

3. We may know from the scientific findings that _______.

A. the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is

B. there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't know a second language

C. the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people's brain

D. the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time

4. The underlined word “bilingual” probably means _______.

A. a researcher on language learning

B. a person who is good at learning foreign languages

C. a person who can speak two languages

D. an active language learner

(皖北协作区2011届高三联考)

Sometimes there doesn't seem to be enough rain. Other times there is too much. Maybe there isn't a lot we can do to control the rain, but there is a lot we can do to reduce problems caused by different rainfall patterns.

A new development at the London Wetland Centre in Barnes solves the problems of managing water with a “Rain Garden”. We are likely to be hearing about it a lot more often over the next few years. The idea is that the garden owner can store rainwater and use it in dry periods. They can reduce the problems caused by extra rain this way.

One of the key problems that the rain garden tries to deal with is the problem caused by too much water in the street. In a natural environment, a lot of rainwater is sent back into the air by plants. Much is also absorbed deep into the ground, and flows into streams and rivers. What happens in city environments can be completely different—a large, amount of rainwater flows straight off the hard surfaces of roofs and roads. The harder the rain, the less likely it will be absorbed into the ground—floods are the result. Rainwater running off roads is often polluted.

The rain garden deals with living plants rather than hard surfaces. Plants are designed to hold water and release it slowly, either into the ground, to be absorbed by plant roots (and so eventually back up into the atmosphere) or to go down into the water table. Not only does the rain garden reduce the amount of water that flows onto the street, but it helps to clean it; plants are very good at breaking down pollutants (污染物).

1. What's the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Explaining why there is a lack of rain at times.

B. Introducing several different patterns of rainfall.

C. Telling us how to avoid problems caused by rain.

D. Giving the idea that there are ways to manage rain water.

2. According to the second paragraph, “Rain Gardens” are likely to _______.

A. harm the environment in the short run

B. become popular over the next few years

C. be turned down by most new developments

D. be too expensive for common people to accept

3. We can learn from the third paragraph that _______.

A. floods are often the results of small rains

B. a heavy rain is less difficult for plants to absorb

C. the rain garden helps send rainwater back into the air

D. larger amounts of rainwater flow straight off in city environments

4. According to the last paragraph, what does the rain garden help to clean?

A. The plants. B. The ground.

C. The water. D. The street.

(江南十校2011年高考二模冲刺卷)

Children today are crazy about roller skating, for it's easy and fun. After supper on week-days, anytime on weekends and especially any day in school holidays, so many roller skaters flow into streets, squares, parks and playgrounds. What a beautiful sight!

But a long time ago, roller skating was a different story. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin, whose work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked playing the violin. Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.

One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. Very pleased and a little excited, he accepted it. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think hard how to make a grand entrance at the party. A strange idea struck him one day—he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.

He tried different ways to make himself roll.Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each slice. These were the first roller skates. Very proud of his invention, he couldn't wait for the special day to come, when he would arrive at the party on wheels while playing the violin.

On the night of the party Merlin did as he had planned, rolling into the room playing his violin. Quite astonished, all present cast their eyes over him. Then, unexpectedly, came one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!

1. Merlin was considered a dreamer because he _______.

A. always dreamed while sleeping

B. invented the roller skates

C. often gave others surprises

D. had very rich imagination

2. Merlin roller skated into the room in order to _______.

A. arrive at the party on time

B. impress the party guests

C. test his new roller skates

D. make the host satisfied

3. The main point the writer tries to make in the last paragraph is _______.

A. the party guests laughed at Merlin

B. the roller skates needed improving

C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation

D. Merlin got himself into great trouble

4. The text is mainly about _______.

A. an unusual party

B. the origin of roller skating

C. a funny musician

D. the great joy Merlin brought

(合肥一中2011年冲刺高考模拟最后一卷)

When I was a kid, I was a little fat, but I was also into sports. In college, I was less active, and I started blowing up. It got out of control when I went to law school.

I'd made a mental decision a thousand times; I'm going to start losing weight now. But what prompted me to get serious about it was turning 30. At that point, I weighed 414 pounds. I was always tired. I have a family history of heart disease, and I was scared. I also wanted to look better. So a few weeks after my birthday, in the spring of 2006, I started to lose weight.

Walking was all I could do at first. I started by walking to a subway stop a few blocks away instead of the one closest to my apartment. On weekends, I'd walk in Central Park. I gradually increased the distance. A year later, I started to run. At first I could run for only two minutes, but I kept on.

It made a difference. I was losing nine or ten pounds a month, and I had a lot more energy. And there's something about running. It makes you feel like a kid again. I enjoyed it. I started to think about the New York City Marathon, which goes right past my apartment building. For years, I thought I could never do that. But now I realized that maybe I could. By my 33rd birthday, in the spring of 2009, I was down to 180 pounds. That summer, I started formally training for the marathon. And on the morning of November 1, I stood on the Verrazano Bridge in Staten Island with more than 40,000 other runners, waiting for the event to start. When we started moving, it was an amazing feeling to have people cheering me on, handing me cups of water. In Harlem, my mom and brother stood on a street corner, waving. And then I crossed the finish line in Central Park, and somebody put a medal around my neck. I was in tears from being so happy.

At that moment, I knew: If I set my mind to something, nothing is impossible.

1. How old is the writer in the year of 2006

A. 30. B. 31.

C. 32. D. 33.

2. The underlined word “blowing up” in Paragraph 1 could roughly be replaced by _______.

A. losing the temper

B. gaining weight

C. breaking the tire

D. air charging

3. The first step the writer takes to lose his weight is _______.

A. dieting B. running

C. walking D. swimming

4. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. The writer once weighed 414 pounds.

B. The writer lives in New York City.

C. The writer almost lost more than 200 pounds during 3 years.

D. The starting point of the City Marathon is Central Park.

(皖南八校2011届高三第三次联考)

If a business wants to sell its products internationally, it had better do some market research first. This is a lesson that some large American corporations have learned the hard way.

What's in the name?

Sometimes the problem is the name. When General Motors introduced its Chevy Nova into Latin America, it overlooked the fact that Nova in Spanish means “It doesn't go”. Sure enough, the Chevy Nova never went anywhere in Latin America.

Translation problems

Sometimes it is the slogan that doesn't work. No company knows this better than Pepsi—Cola, with its “Come alive with Pepsi!” campaign. The campaign was so successful in the United States, Pepsi translated its slogan literally for its international campaign. As it turned out, the translations weren't quite right. Pepsi was begging Germans to “Come out of the grave” and telling the Chinese that “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave.”

A picture's worth a thousand words

Other times, the problem involves packaging. A picture of a smiling baby has helped sell countless jars of Gerber baby food. When Gerber started selling baby food in Africa, they used the same packaging as in the US, with the smiling baby on the label. Later they learned that in African countries, the picture on the jar shows what the jar has in it, for many people there can't read.

Twist (扭曲,扭转) of fate

Even culture and religious factors and pure coincidence can be involved. Thorn McAn shoes have a Thorn McAn “signature” inside. To people in Bangladesh, which is a Muslim country, this signature looked like Arabic script for the word Allah. In that country, feet are considered unclean, and Muslims felt the company was offending God's name by having people walk on it.

1. From the text we learn that _______.

A. Chevy Nova was brought in Latin America

B. General Motors did the best market research of all companies

C. Pepsi still sold well in China owing to the translation problems

D. the “Come alive with Pepsi” campaign worked well in the US

2. What was Gerber's problem?

A. A translation problem.

B. Cultural factor.

C. Religious factor.

D. The picture on the jar.

3. For what reason were Thorn McAn shoes turned down in Bangladesh?

A. They are not designed attractively.

B. Their advertisements are not persuasive.

C. A signature looking like the word Allah was in the shoes.

D. Problem For Thorn McAn was the company's name.

4. What does the text mainly tell us?

A. Lessons from some large corporations.

B. How to make use of advertisements.

C. The importance of market research.

D. The importance of packaging.

(安徽名校2011届高三第一次联考)

Face-to-face communication involves much more than the spoken word. In fact, we often communicate our feelings to others through our body language without realizing we are doing so. We communicate through posture (姿态,体态), gesture and facial expression. But the eyes also play an important part in this unspoken language. William Shakespeare called the eyes “a window to the soul,” and you can learn to look through that window and better understand a person's body language by reading eye movement.

Begin a conversation and ask a simple question. Watch carefully for eye movement during the response. If the person looks up, he or she is thinking or forming pictures. This is also a sign of a visual thinker. Looking up and to the left shows recalling a memory, while looking up and to the right could show imaginative construction or lying.

If the person looks down, this could be a sign of obedience (服从) or even blame. Looking down and to the left can show a person talking to themselves. Looking down and to the right can show that they are feeling strong emotion.

Looking sideways can indicate distraction or checking out a potential threat, but a sideways glance can also show anger. In addition, eyes that look side to side often show shiftiness and lying.

A glance usually indicates a desire for something. Glancing at a door could show a desire to leave the room, while a glance, at a person could indicate a desire to talk to them. A glance is also used when it is forbidden to look at something.

A person who is lying to you may hold eye contact longer than normal. In addition, this person might smile with his mouth but not with his eyes. Smiling with the eyes is difficult to do if the emotion is not genuine.

Rapid blinking (眨) of the eyes can occur when a person is thinking, and this can also be another sign of lying. Again, a person who is aware of this sign might overcompensate (补偿过度) and stare.

1. The writer supported his argument in the first paragraph by _______.

A. using a quotation

B. defining the body language

C. telling a story of William Shakespeare

D. making a comment on eyes

2. Which of the following eye movement shows a dishonest speaker?

A. If he looks up and to the left.

B. If he looks up and to the right.

C. If he looks down and to the left.

D. If he looks down and to the right.

3. Which eye movement cannot hide your feelings?

A. Looking side to side.

B. Blinking the eyes quickly.

C. Smiling with the eyes.

D. Maintaining a prolonged eyes contact.

4. The writer wrote this passage to _______.

A. introduce the different meanings of the body languages

B. teach us how to use eyes to express ourselves

C. explain the importance of body languages

D. tell us how to read eye movement

参考答案与解析

【导读】绿色环保是当今人们的热点话题,因此也是考试中经常出现的内容之一。本文讲述了目前环保驾驶如何越来越受到人们的欢迎,应运而生的汽车共享(car sharing)及其服务机构也随之受到青睐。

1. C 推理判断题。文章第一句话Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas.是本文的主题句,据此可知答案为C。

2. C 推理判断题。从第一段中Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and have access to an entire fleet of cars when they need one.两句可以判断出C为正确答案。

3. A 主旨大意题。第二段第一句话Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road.和后面的内容都讲述了car sharing的优点。这些优点都是人们愿意car sharing的原因。

4. D 推理判断题。前三个选项文中已提及,只有D没有在文中提及。

【导读】本文介绍了目前科学家正在检测一种新的O型血的制造方法来解决现在医院和血库中O型血的匮乏问题。

1. A 细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句话What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.可知答案为A。

2. A 细节理解题。由文章第五段第一句话The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules.可知答案为A。

3. C 推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Type O can be safely given to anyone.和第三段中的Type O blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to identify the patient's blood type.可知答案为C。

4. B 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段可知本文主要介绍科学家发现了一种新的O型血的制造方法,所以答案为B。

【导读】研究者们通过研究测试发现:双语者(bilinguals)在阅读、写作、理解等方面能力都比单语者更强,而且第二语言学习的年龄越小,就会大脑更灵活、思维力越强。

1. C 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段和后面对研究的叙述可知C是正确答案。

2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段知:研究表明,学习其他语言可以改变主管信息加工的大脑区域,并使之更强大,这就如同锻炼可以增长肌肉一样。可以看出作者把学习第二语言对大脑的作用比作了身体锻炼对肌肉的作用。

3. A 推理判断题。根据第三、四、五段的内容可推知。

4. C 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的…took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language…和第五段的第一句话Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.可以推知答案为C。

【导读】一种新的方法rain garden可储存和清洁过多的雨水供干旱时使用,同时还解决了大雨可能造成城市内涝的问题。本文就是介绍rain garden是如何发挥作用的。

1. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容,尤其是最后一句可得知答案为D。

2. B 细节理解题。由第二段中We are likely to be hearing about it a lot more often over the next few years.一句可知答案为B。

3. D 细节理解题。由第三段中What happens in city environments can be completely different—a large, amount of rainwater flows straight off the hard surfaces of roofs and roads.一句可知答案。

4. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可得出答案。

【导读】身为乐器制造师的Merlin喜欢幻想、创新。一次参加化装舞会时,为了使他的入场给人们以新奇感,他用自己制出的旱冰鞋边滑边演奏小提琴入场,吸引了所有在场人的目光。文章介绍的是roller skating的起源。

1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.和后面对故事情节的描述可得知答案为D。

2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中As the day of the party came near,Merlin began to think hard how to make a grand entrance at the party. A strange idea struck him one day—he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.两句话可得知答案为B。

3. C 推理判断题。最后一段作者既写到意料之中的事情(Merlin穿着旱冰鞋参加聚会引起满堂宾客的注意),又提到意料之外的事情(他撞落墙上的大镜子),两件事的共同发生使Merlin获得了意想不到的成功,所以答案为C。

4. B 主旨大意题。文章介绍的是roller skating的起源。

【导读】作者在开始上大学时懒于运动,导致在原来就胖的基础上更加肥胖,带来很多不便,但是通过坚强的意志进行锻炼,终于取得了较好的减肥效果。

1. A 细节理解题。从文章第二段中But what prompted me to get serious about it was turning 30.一句可知答案为A。

2. B 词义猜测题。根据前后语句可推知是“胖起来了”。

3. C 细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句话Walking was all I could do at first.可知答案为C。

4. D 推理判断题。从文章第四段中的And then I crossed the finish line in Central Park,…可知答案为D。

【导读】公司要想把产品打到国际上去,就要进行市场研究,从产品的名称内涵、翻译、包装上的图片内容到销往地区的宗教文化等都要充分调查研究,否则,不仅仅产品卖不掉,还会产生文化冲突。

1. D 细节理解题。由第三段中The campaign was so successful in the United States,…一句可知答案为D。

2. D 细节理解题。由第四段内容可知答案为D。

3. C 细节理解题。由最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句话可知答案为C。

4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段主题段的内容可知答案为C。

【导读】眼睛是心灵的窗户,透过眼睛我们可以看到一个人的内心世界。本文主要介绍了一些眼神的含义。

1. A 细节理解题。由第一段中William Shakespeare called the eyes “a window to the soul,”可知是引用莎士比亚的话,所以选A。

2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的while looking up and to the right could show imaginative construction or lying可知答案为B。

3. C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的Smiling with the eyes is difficult to do if the emotion is not genuine. 可知用眼睛来微笑是最真诚的, 所以答案为C。

4. D 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些眼神的含义,所以选D。

阅读理解试题篇8

(2011年石家庄质检一)

Rob Kalin learned the secret to success while he was young. As a child, he liked playing with a stuffed (填充) rabbit his mother had made. “At that time, I knew he would become a craftsman (工匠) in the future, ” Kalin's mother said.

Kalin's father was a carpenter and taught him early how to use his hands. In high school, Kalin was so interested in photography that he cut class to take photos 18 hours a day. Eventually, Kalin ended up at New York University. One night, his landlord asked him to build a website for his restaurant. “I didn't know anything about websites, but I built the basic site by looking through books in four weeks, ” Kalin recalls.

After working on a craft site that provided “advice and a lot of hand-holding”, Kalin recognized that there was no market for their goods. He wrote a fan letter to Stewart Butterfield, the founder of Flickr, who had sold his highly popular photo-sharing website to Yahoo! Impressed by Kalin's letter, he took a look at Kalin's idea and invited him to San Francisco for a month in 2006. He taught Kalin how to build a website, and helped him borrow $615, 000 from a bank.

With the help of Stewart, Kalin was able to create etsy. com, an online craft fair that may be the largest market for handmade goods in the world. Last year, 350, 000 woodworkers, and other craftsmen sold their one-of-a-kind goods on the four-year-old site. It sells everything from hand-knitted T-shirts to wooden electric guitars. In an age of chain stores and malls, it seems there's still a big market for the unique: custom-made (定制的) skirts and hand-painted tea sets.

Today, Etsy's staff has increased to 70 employees, and more than three million consumers in 150 countries are buying goods on Etsy every year.

1. It can be learned from the passage that Rob Kalin____ .

A. opened a restaurant after graduation

B. was good at building websites at university

C. admired Stewart Butterfield very much

D. offered good advice to craftsmen

2. Which of the following can be used to describe Rob Kalin?

A. Helpful and creative.

B. Curious and changeable.

C. Smart and humorous.

D. Strict and brave.

3. What can we learn about Etsy from the passage?

A. It offered craftsmen advice at first and then began to sell crafts.

B. It sells custom-made clothes and other handmade things.

C. It has employed 350, 000 craftsmen.

D. It was set up by Stewart Butterfield.

4. Which is the correct order of the following events?

a. Kalin was admitted into New York University.

b. Stewart helped Kalin get enough money to create etsy. com.

c. Kalin spent 18 hours taking photographs every day.

d. Kalin worked on a site providing craftsmen with advice.

e. Kalin built a website for a restaurant owner.

A. abdec B. adcbe

C. caedb D. cbade

(2011年石家庄一模)

At Institute for the Future, game designer Jane McGonigal creates massive (大规模的) multi-player free online role-playing games (MMORPGs) , which focus on social changes and environmental problems.She hopes that players will use their new skills to make the real world better.

According to Jane, our addiction to gaming is actually a great thing, so long as we use it properly.Speaking at the TED (Technology/Entertainment/Design) 2010 Conference, Jane says that people should devote more time to games to build the skills necessary to make the world better.People who take part in MMORPGs develop specialized skills in problem-solving as a team.So, if gamers are willing to take part in role-playing games based on real-world problems, they will be able to work together to find ways that can be used in the real world.

Jane focuses on creating the kinds of video games that enable players to make a difference in their own lives and the lives of those around them.In 2007, she helped create a video game called A World Without Oil, in which 1, 800 players tried to find new ways to transport themselves in a world without oil.Even after completing the game, the players focused on the problem and its possible solutions.Her next game, Evoke, takes an even more practical way.Game players are mainly young people in Africa.They will learn to create a business that will help stop problems such as poverty and AIDS on a local level.By the end of the game, players will be guided by experts on how to start their own businesses.

“We can make any future we imagine and we can play any games we want, ”she said at the TED Conference.“So let the world-changing games begin.”

1. The MMORPGs are created by Jane McGonigal to ______.

A. give gamers more chances to play online games

B. develop gamers' problem-solving skills

C. help gamers get used to social changes

D. make gamers take proper attitudes towards games

2. Which of the following is true about MMORPGs?

A. Role-playing games are real-world problems.

B. They take too much of gamers' spare time.

C. The gamers play different roles in the games.

D. They cost gamers a lot of money to play.

3. What can we learn from the third paragraph?

A. A World Without Oil was mainly created for African youth.

B. Gamers can learn how to run a business in Evoke.

C. The gamers of A World Without Oil are all environmentalists.

D. The players taking part in Evoke will start their own businesses.

4. The passage is mainly about_____ .

A. some popular online games

B. advice on how to play games

C. games to solve real-world problems

D.ways to develop specialized skills

(2011年唐山一模)

My students often tell me that they do not have “enough time” to do all their homework. My response often is “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about there being twenty-four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not an acceptable explanation of not getting something done.

Once in graduate school, I tried to prove to my professor that I was working hard. His answer was “That's irrelevant (不相干) .What's important is the quality of your work.” That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work, which is perhaps best explained in a sign: “Don't work harder. Work smarter.”

If you can't get more time, as few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of your work. That means improving ways to get more out of the same time. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits, which for students should be read as“study habits”.

Then as a smart student, you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading and writing. If you can, it will pay off in all your subjects.

As to improving reading, one suggestion is to take a quick nap when you feel reading puts you to sleep, which later helps you read better. The second solution is to speed up.

But there are other issues. First, you need to find a place where you can work without unnecessary disturbances. Second, you need to take control. Success depends on realizing that you have to take active control over what you are doing. Third, you might as well get hold of a good book on reading and master the reading skills that pay off in all your classes.

Talking about advice on good writing habits, you simply have to master the writing skills. Increasing your efficiency in both reading and writing will pay off immediately in terms of the quality of your work and in terms of the time spent doing it. Then you will be able to do better work in less time. And maybe you will find time to play golf with the president.

1. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. In fact, everyone has as much time as the president.

B. The key to having enough time is to improve work quality.

C. Reading and writing matter a lot in finishing homework.

D. Not having enough time is unacceptable for unfinished work.

2. According to the author, the students do not have enough time to get their work done mainly because____ .

A. they lack good learning habits

B. they only have 24 hours a day

C. they feel sleepy while reading

D. they are not good at writing

3. The author believes a most important way for a student to improve work quality is to______ .

A. develop reading and writing skills

B. find a quiet place to read and write

C. take control over his or her work

D. read and write in all classes

4. According to the passage, “Don't work harder” means that _____.

A. one should not be more devoted to one's work

B. one should not spend more time in working

C. working harder is not allowed in our daily life

D. working harder is not the key point in work

(2011年唐山二模)

It is a fact that, in America most teenagers do not want to learn. But why? The truth of this is that most teenagers do not see the point in learning subjects in school, and that they do not see how it helps them in their lives. It's sad to see many teenagers choose to play in their Xbox (游戏机) rather than read a book.

Most teachers and parents try every trick in the book to get their teens to read or at the very least, get better grades than C's in their final grades. This is very important for them, because their work in school provides a path to their future.

However, few teenagers actually pay attention to this fact. For most teenagers, school is mandatory (强制的) . They think history is pointless as it happened a long time ago. They don't realize that they can learn from the mistakes and experiences of earlier generations. They think geography is pointless because they'll never get to visit all these places anyway. They think math is a waste of time because they can add up using a calculator (计算器) . English is also pointless. They care little for their ability to write correct grammar—after all, as long as they can text, it's fine! Science is a waste of time—they need to learn how to use drugs, not make them! And foreign languages! Well, doesn't everyone speak English these days? America is a big country? Who needs to go abroad even if they could afford it?

So they do not see the point that still these subjects really will enrich their lives and help them get on. They can not see what parents and teachers see in terms of importance in school and their education. They see it as a waste of time, or it being too hard because they have to get up early and do extra work to keep up. It is one main reason why teens do not want to learn in school, which is a major problem that every parent and every teacher has with their teenagers. It can take a long time and a lot of hard work to change this.

1. According to the author, why do most teenagers not want to learn?

A. Because they are busy with computer games.

B. Because all the subjects are too hard for them.

C. Because teachers and parents do not help them.

D. Because they can't see the meaning of learning.

2. We learn from the text that_____ .

A. teenagers know nothing about the history of America

B. most teenagers in America can't afford to go abroad

C. using drugs is a problem among American teenagers

D. Math is not an important subject in America schools

3. The underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refers to the fact that ______.

A. teens don't want to learn

B. teens hate to get up early

C. teens don't understand their parents

D. teens get better grades in school

4. The text mainly tells us _____.

A. why teenagers show no interest in learning

B. how to trick the teenager into learning

C. the importance of learning all the subjects

D. major problems that parents and teachers have

(2011年衡水三模)

Book 1 : Brack Obama

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

His mother came from Kansas. His father came from Kenya. He grew up in Hawaii and Indonesia, far from the center of American politics. Few people had even heard of Brack Obama before 2004. But one powerful speech in Boston changed all that for the Illinois senator (参议员) . In 2008, this inspiring leader ran for the country's top job, President.

Book 2: Danica Patrick

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

Growing up, Danica Patrick dreamed of racing in the Indianapolis 500. In 2005, her dream came true. Danica finished the race in fourth place, the best ever result by a woman. Three years later, she became the first female to win an IndyCar race. As a woman competing in a sport dominated by men, Danica faced many obstacles. But she never stopped believing in herself, no matter what the difficulties.

Book 3: Ellen Ochoa

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

Some people dream of becoming stars. Ellen Ochoa dreamed of living among them! She worked hard to make her dream of becoming an astronaut come true. On April 8, 1993, she strapped (用带子系好) herself in for the ride of her life aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Ochoa aimed high and boldly went where no Hispanic woman had gone before. Find out about Ochoa's amazing journey in her own words and photos from her personal collection!

Book 4: LeBron James

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

Fans, teammates, and opponents know him as King James. Many people consider LeBron James to be the most talented basketball player of his generation. But there is much more to his story. He overcame hard times as a kid and rose to national fame as a teenager. He then jumped right from high school to the pros (舞台前部) . Along the way, LeBron never lost sight of where he came from or who he is.

1. What do the four books have in common according to the passage?

A. Their prices are the same and they are all about famous leaders.

B. They are all about Africans and their contributions to society.

C. They are written for the same grades and their prices are the same.

D. They are for the same readers and printed by the same publisher.

2. Emma is dreaming of being a car racer. Who can be an example to her?

A. Danica Patrick.

B. Brack Obama.

C. Ellen Ochoa.

D. LeBron James.

3. If John wants to learn something about becoming a basketball player, which book should he read?

A. Brack Obama.

B. Danica Patrick.

C. Ellen Ochoa.

D. LeBron James.

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Obama was popular with most of the people in America before he ran for president.

B. In 2005, Danica Patrick became the first woman to win an IndyCar race.

C. Ochoa is the first Hispanic woman to have gone aboard the space shuttle Discovery for the ride.

D. LeBron James is the most talented basketball player.

(2011年保定摸底)

If you walk slowly through downtown Helsinki during the day, taking in the splendid 19th century buildings, white boats and noise of passing trams (有轨电车) , you will start to understand why it is called a city of two colors: white and blue.

The sea is always present in Helsinki. When you take a walk over the great open space of the central square, you will hear seabirds screaming. When you take the tram, suddenly and unexpectedly, you are faced with a calm, shining blue sea. You may notice that people in Helsinki do not rush about as in other cities. Instead, they walk along the roads, politely letting other people by.

A usual way to see Helsinki for the first time is to start out by the boats. You will walk by the elderly women selling fish and vegetables in the market square and find yourself in front of a beautiful park. You may enjoy a pleasant walk in the park for a few hours and then take the tram. Trams are the perfect way to get around in Helsinki. Watching the old houses, parks, theatres, churches, shops, restaurants and people in the streets, you may have a slightly sad film feeling to it.

The pale summer nights are another wonder in the city. Following the waterfront (滨水区) of the city after sunset, you couldn't help stopping and listening to the sweet silence, interrupted only by the screaming seabirds and leaving fishing boats.

However, in some way, Helsinki is also the most modern city in northern Europe. You will surely want to visit the white Glass Palace, the modern art museum, and all those extremely popular cafes and design stores.

1. Helsinki is called a city of two colors mainly because of the colors of its ______.

A. 19th century white buildings and boats

B. 19th century buildings and passing trams

C. white roads and blue trams

D. old buildings, boats and the sea

2. The best way to see most of Helsinki is to go_______ .

A. by boat B. by bus

C. by tram D. on foot

3. The 19th century buildings, the white Glass Palace and all those popular cafes and design shops show that Helsinki is________ .

A. both western and eastern

B. both quiet and noisy

C. both historical and modern

D. both old and new

4. This passage is most likely to be found in _______.

A. a story-book

B. a geography textbook

C. a research report

D. a travel magazine

(2011年唐山一模)

·Yonge-Dundas Square

40 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON, M5G2C2

Opened in 2002, the Yonge-Dundas Square provides impressive stonework surfaces, a raised stage, and 22 amazing computer-programmed fountains. The square holds events, displays or concerts of various sizes, including very large events by closing part of Yonge Street.

When not used for special events, the square becomes an open space for the public to enjoy.

·CN Tower

301 Front Street West, Toronto, ON, M5V 2T6

Visitors can test their courage by walking across the glass floor 113 stories above the ground with only 2 Vi (垂直距离) inches of glass holding you 342m in the air.

The tower's rotating (旋转的) 360 Restaurant offers an award winning wine list and fantastic view for any romantic evening. If you're not wild about heights, at the base of the tower, there is plenty to shop for in the 10, 000 sq. foot Marketplace.

Tips: Have A Sky High Birthday! The CN Tower now offers birthday parties! To book your birthday party please call 416-601-4704 or email us at birthday @cntower.ca.

·Ontario Science Centre

770 Don Mills Rd., Toronto, ON, M3C1T3

If you talk to anyone who has visited the centre, they'll talk wildly about the hair-raising electrical ball and the simulated (模拟的) Rain Forest.

With hundreds of exhibits in a variety of exhibition halls plus visiting exhibitions, Communication, Sport, Human Body and The Living Earth are a few of the in-depth exhibits worth exploring, along with a film at OMNIMAX theatre, and KidSpark, a learn-through-play area that is specifically designed for kids eight and under.

·Royal Ontario Museum (ROM)

100 Front Street, Toronto, ON, M5S2C6

Generations of children and adults have visited the museum since it opened in 1914. With six million objects in its collections and 40 galleries (陈列室) of art, archeology and natural science, the ROM offers a whole world to explore. Four giant carved totem poles (图腾柱) rise in the centre of the stairwell; the largest is 24.5 metres tall. The Hands-on Biodiversity gallery offers families a fun interactive experience about the interdependence of people, animals and plants.

1. If your classmates would like to explore the secrets of natural science, they should go to _____.

A. Yonge-Dundas Square

B. CN Tower

C. Ontario Science Centre

D. Royal Ontario Museum

2. At CN Tower you can do the following EXCEPT______ .

A. test your courage

B. enjoy a concert

C. do shopping

D. celebrate your birthday

3._________ sites on Front Street are introduced in the passage.

A. Two B. Three

C. Four D. Five

4. This passage may appear in a______ .

A. business newspaper

B. guide book

C. geography magazine

D. science report

(2011年保定期末调研)

It was getting dark and snow was coming down. Joe was driving home. He'd been unemployed since the factory closed. Most of his friends had left, but he stayed on. After all, he was born here.

Suddenly he saw a lady standing on the side of the road and pulled up. She was worried. No one had stopped to help her. Was he going to hurt her? He looked poor and hungry. Joe knew how she felt and said, “My name is Joe and I'm here to help you.” All she had was a flat tire, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Joe changed the tire, but he got dirty and his hands were hurt. She wanted to pay Joe and said any amount would have been all right. Joe never thought twice about the money and there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance that they needed.

Later the lady went in a dingy-looking restaurant to grab a bite to eat. The cash register was like the telephone of an out-of-work actor—it didn't ring much. The waitress, who was nearly eight months pregnant, brought a clean towel to her with a sweet smile. The old lady remembered Joe. After the waitress brought the change from a 100-dollar bill, she found the lady gone and something written on a piece of paper, “Someone once helped me out—the way I'm helping you. If you really want to pay me back, don't let the chain of love end with you.”

That night the waitress gave her sleeping husband a soft kiss and whispered, “Everything's going to be all right. I love you, Joe.”

1. What did Joe do that dark snowy evening?

A. He drove to work.

B. He helped an old lady with a flat tire.

C. He gave an old lady a lift.

D. He helped an old lady push her car.

2. The underlined sentence “she wanted to pay Joe and…” suggests that_____ .

A. the old lady was very grateful to Joe's timely aid

B. the old lady cared little about money

C. the old lady didn't have money on hand to pay Joe

D. the old lady wanted to pay Joe less

3. We can learn from this passage that ______.

A. the old lady knew the waitress was Joe's wife

B. the old lady had a big meal in the small restaurant

C. Joe would have a baby soon

D. Joe helped a lot of people in the past

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Acts of luck

B. A warm-hearted man

C. A well-off lady

D. The chain of love

参考答案与解析

【导读】从小就从父亲那里学得工匠技术的Rob Kalin虽然不太了解网站知识, 但是他通过看相关书籍在四周内就帮助一个饭店老板建立了网站, 然后又在Stewart Butterfield的指导下建立了自己专门卖手工制品的网站。

1. C 细节理解题。在第三段他写了一封fan letter给Stewart Butterfield, fan意为“粉丝”, 意思是他是Butterfield的崇拜者。

2. A 推理判断题。他帮助一个饭店老板建立网站, 帮助人们出售手工艺品, 同时他从小就表现出了创造力。

3. B 细节理解题。从第四段得知, Rob Kalin建立了etsy. com, 它是一个手工艺品销售网站。结合文章内容可知答案选B。

4. C 文章结构题。本题帮助读者梳理文章结构。Rob Kalin先是痴迷摄影, 后来进入纽约大学, 帮人建网站, 再后来Butterfield帮他贷款建立了自己的网络市场——etsy. com。

【导读】游戏设计者Jane专门研究可供多人免费玩的网上角色游戏, 这些游戏以现实社会和环境问题为基础。通过玩这些游戏, 人们可以提高团结协作解决问题的能力, 进而使我们的社会变得更好。

1. B 细节理解题。考查学生筛选信息的能力。根据第二段第三句People who take part in MMORPGs develop specialized skills in problem-solving as a team.可知选B。

2. C 细节理解题。从文中to take part in role-playing games based on real-world problems可知该游戏是分角色的。其他选项均与文章所述有差距。

3. B 细节理解题。从文中By the end of the game, players will be guided by experts on how to start their own businesses.可知从该游戏中可学得如何开始自己的事业。

4. C 主旨大意题。考查学生对文章的综合概括能力。全文介绍了几个帮助解决实际问题的游戏。

【导读】本文指出, 很多学生抱怨没时间, 然而在作者看来, 要解决这个问题是提高工作的质量, 作为学生, 应该去积极寻找适合自己的读写技巧。

1. B 主旨大意题。第一段提出问题——学生感到没有足够的时间, 结合下文提出的解决办法可知, 本文主旨为“解决时间问题的办法是提高工作质量”。

2. A 细节理解题。第三段提到That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits, which for students should be read as “study habits”.由此可知问题来源于学生缺乏好的学习习惯。

3. A 细节理解题。从Increasing your efficiency in both reading and writing will pay off immediately in terms of the quality of your work and in terms of the time spent doing it.可知提高读写效率可提高工作质量。

4. D 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句得知, 聪明地工作最重要, 而不是努力地工作。

【导读】本文介绍了大多数美国青年对学习没有兴趣及其原因, 可是他们忽略了学习是他们走向未来的一条通道, 现在老师和家长正在努力改变这一现状, 作者着重讲述了这样做的必要性。

1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中…most teenagers do not see the point in learning subjects in school, and that they do not see how it helps them in their lives.可知, 他们没有看到学习的意义。

2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知他们认为上科学课是浪费时间, 他们需要知道的是如何使用毒品, 由此可知毒品问题在美国是严重的社会问题。

3. A 词义猜测题。最后一段说学生不想学习是个严重的问题, 要花费很多时间来改变这个现实问题, this就是指这个现实问题。

4. A 主旨大意题。文章主要向我们展示了美国青年不想学习的原因。

【导读】这是一篇广告, 主要介绍了四本书, 第一本介绍美国总统Brack Obama;第二本介绍女赛车手Danica Patrick;第三本介绍第一位在太空居住的女性Ellen Ochoa;最后一本介绍篮球运动员LeBron James。

1. C 细节理解题。由每本书适用的级别介绍可以看出, 四本书均是适合3-5年级的学生的, 且价格都是$ 8.95。

2. A 推理判断题。第二本书介绍的是赛车手 Danica Patrick, 所以爱玛可以以她为榜样。

3. D 推理判断题。第四本书介绍了篮球明星James, 所以想成为篮球运动员的约翰可以读这本书。

4. C 细节理解题。由第三本书可知, Ochoa是第一个登上太空的西班牙裔女性。

【导读】本文主要介绍了历史与现代相结合的赫尔辛基市, 蓝色的大海、白色的船和古老的建筑是这座城市的标志。

1. D 细节理解题。由第一段可知, 它之所以被称为双色城市是因为19世纪的建筑物、白色的船和电车和第二段提到的它紧邻的大海。

2. C 细节理解题。由第三段中Trams are the perfect way to get around in Helsinki.可知电车是完美的在赫尔辛基游览的方式。

3. C 细节理解题。前面提到了该城市的历史古迹, 最后一段又提到了它现代的一面。

4. D 推理判断题。全文主要介绍了赫尔辛基的景色, 首句If you walk slowly through downtown Helsinki during the day, ...有带人游览的意思, 后面还有多处此类旅游指导文体特征的文字。

【导读】本文选自旅游指导手册类文本。文中介绍了多伦多四处著名景点, 分别是:Yonge-Dundas Square、CN Tower、Ontario Science Centre、Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) , 主要介绍了它们的具体位置、整体概况和各自的特色。

1. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段提到了natural science方面的陈列室。

2. B 细节理解题。在第二个景点CN Tower的介绍中分别可以找到A、C、D项对应内容, B项不在其列。

3. A 细节理解题。文中介绍了Front大街两个景点Royal Ontario Museum和CN Tower。

4. B 推理判断题。根据文章结构和内容可知本文选自旅游指导手册类书籍。

【导读】雪天回家路上, 好心的Joe帮助因车胎问题而遇到困难的女士换轮胎, Joe不假思索地拒绝了女士的钱, 并告诉女士如果真想报答他, 以后就帮助遇到困难的人, 后来女士进了一家饭馆, 吃饭后把100美元的找零给了怀孕的服务员, 其实这位服务员就是Joe的妻子, 爱心得到了传递。

1. B 细节理解题。从第二段中All she had was a flat tire, …were hurt.可知Joe帮助女士换轮胎, 故B正确。

2. A 推理判断题。从文中可知当时的天气是bad enough, 而Joe如同雪中送炭的帮助使女士非常感激, 故A 正确。

3. C 事实细节题。由第三段中The waitress, who was nearly eight months pregnant, …及最后一段可知the waitress是Joe的妻子, 故C正确。

4. D 主旨大意题。Joe对女士所说的话及女士留下的纸条揭示了文章的主旨。D正确。

高考英语阅读试题的命制“微技” 篇9

一、扩大概念, 巧设“是非”题

英语阅读中的“是非”题, 主要是考查考生对文章细节的表层理解, 检测学生对文章的认读能力, 也就是对文章提供的具体事实和线索能加以辨读。命题时, 可采用“扩大概念”来“歪曲”事实, 用“是非”难辨来设立干扰项。例如, 2008年福建卷第66题Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?此题的干扰项C.You can use the card in any shop across the world.里的across the world为“扩大”的范围, 是根据文章倒数第三行 (Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Master Card or Visa logo) 的信息, 把该句里起限定“范围”作用的定语从句 (that display the Master Card or Visa logo) 删除掉, 考查学生“辨认”信息准确与否的能力。

二、虚实交替, 巧设“事实”题

英语阅读中的“事实”题, 主要是考查考生对具体事实的理解。针对阅读文章中常会出现虚拟语气等比较难的句式, 在命制题目时, 可以“虚实交替”, 即把虚拟语气与陈述语气交叉使用来设立干扰项, 考查考生对虚拟语气的理解。例如, 2007福建卷第56题Without Mr.Clark, the writer______.此题干与干扰项结合成为虚拟语气的句式结构。正确选项A.might have been put into prison是根据文章第一段的最后一句I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr.Clark wouldn’t let that happen.来“虚实交替”而设立的。

三、改头换面, 巧设“细节”题

英语阅读中的“细节”题, 主要是考查考生对具体事实或抽象概念的理解。针对阅读文章中常会出现比较复杂的句子结构, 命题时, 可采用“意译”法 (paraphrase) 来“改头换面”设立“干扰项”。

例如, 2006年福建卷第72题“Choose the correct statements from the following according to the passage_______.”此题里的e选项Floodline was created after the Easter Floods of 1998.是依据文章第三段的最后一句 (The service is being constantly improved and a combination of better technology and increased investment following the Easter Floods of 1998 has led to the creation of Floodline and an automatic messaging system that can warn thousands of people in very little time.) , 通过改变词性 (把creation变为created) 改写的, 可判断其为正确。

有的也可改变动作的受施对象, 进行“换位”思考, 来设置题干和“干扰项”。如2006年福建卷第74题的题干 (People can easily get information and advice about flood any time of the day from______.) 是根据文章第四段的内容 (Floodline 0845 988 1188 offers information and advice24 hours a day and if warnings are in place, callers can get information either from local updates or by using a quickdial code for their area.) 来“意译”设题, 不难选出正确答案B Floodline 0845 988 1188;而其“干扰项”分别是根据其前面的信息 (...an automatic messaging system that can warn thousands of people in very little time.) 设立了A.automatic messaging system和后面的信息 (The Flood Warning team in Kent has also sent letters to the people living close to the rivers or the sea and invited them to join the automated voice messaging system.) 设立了C.the Flood Warning team in Kent和D.automated voice messaging system。这样通过“就近干扰”, 进行文字上的“改头换面”, 考查考生捕捉信息的能力。

四、偷梁换柱, 巧设“推理”题

英语阅读中的“推理”题, 主要是考查考生对某句、某段意的理解或对全篇文脉的把握。设题时, 可采用“偷梁换柱”来设立干扰项, 考查考生的理解及捕捉信息能力, 即采用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇作为干扰项, 但在某些地方换了几个词汇, 造成句意的改变。例如, 2006福建卷第67题的干扰项B.families can enjoy Horse Rides on New Adventure Playground, 是根据C篇第二则广告而设立的, 在广告里Horse Rides与New Adventure Playground都是“娱乐”活动名称, 而干扰项把Horse Rides当作New Adventure Playground上的活动。通过这样“拼凑”, 更能迷惑考生。同样, 干扰项C.Farm World provides lunches, snacks and fine dining, 是把第二则广告的名称与第一则的内容“偷换”。而干扰项D.the Europe-wide student competition will be held on June 15, 2006.是在动词上做文章, 通过对换“动作”, 把“注册 (register) ”“偷换”成“举行 (be held) ”, 迷惑一些粗心大意的考生。虽然正确选项A.Cafe Hub is a popular place in the local area是根据文章第一句 (Next to the Castle lies The Hub, home of the Edinburgh International Festival and one of the most talked about spots in town.) 里的one of the most talked about spots in town而设的, 有点难度, 但考生如能识破其干扰项的“真面目”, 就能轻松选出正确答案。

五、以偏概全, 巧设“隐义”题

英语阅读中的“隐义”题, 主要是考查考生能否统揽全局, 进行推断隐含意义的能力。设题时, 可以采用“以偏概全”, 以局部代替整体, 把文章的某些“正确”的细节 (Specific) 作为底本, 来设置“干扰项”, 更具有迷惑性。例如, 2006福建卷第58题的干扰项A.There are many foreigners in Japan.B.Japan is good for nightlife.和C.They can teach English privately in Japan.虽然文章都有提及, 且是“正确”的, 但仅为文章的细节 (Specific) ;而选项D.Japan has something more attractive than expected.更具有总揽全局、有更强的概括性 (General) , 故为正确答案。

六、凭空想象, 巧设“词义”题

英语阅读题中对“猜词”能力的考查, 一般注重考查“旧词新用”或“熟词生义”, 要求考生通过构词法、同义词、反义词或注解等上下文来猜测。命题时, 可根据所要考查词汇的特点, 利用学生容易“凭空想象”或依据“构词法”等“肆意”推敲的东西设置“干扰项”。例如, 2006年福建卷第73题的干扰项是根据文章最后一句话 (Anyone choosing to take up this free service will receive a recorded message directly to their home, business or pager telling them of the level of warning, giving them as much time as possible to carry out their flood plan and save items that cannot be replaced if lost or damaged, such as photographs or children’s favorite toys.) 里的pager来“凭空”设置了C.A page of papers written to offer messages.和D.A person invited to write pages of messages.起到“干扰”作用。而干扰项A.A boy employed to carry luggage in hotels虽是pager的一个“意思”, 但显然与文章所提供的语境不相“吻合”。根据文意, 可推出选项B.A piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages (传呼机) 为正确答案。

七、妙用谚语, 巧设“感想”题

英语阅读中的“感想”题, 主要是考查考生阅读文章后的体会及感悟;这既需要考生的抽象概括能力, 又需要考生对全文有良好的驾御能力和一定的逻辑推理能力。命题时, 可妙用谚语进行抽象概括, 使考生在紧张考试时能同时享受到英语语言的“美感”。如2008年福建卷第60题:

What can we learn from Tanni’s success?

A.Union is strength.

B.Never too late to learn.

C.Well begun is half done.

D.No pains, no gains.

这几个选项都是用考生熟悉的谚语来设题的, 只要他们能正确感悟整篇文章的含义, 便不难选出答案D.

八、一语双关, 巧设“意图”题

英语阅读中的“意图”题, 主要是考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解。这种能力也是考生所必须掌握的。命题时, 可采用“一语双关”法来“隐含”作者的意图。如2008年福建卷第67题The purpose of the passage is to show you how to______.此题的选项A.play your cards right中的“play”为“双关”语, 既有“玩 (牌) ”之意, 也有“使用 (use) ”的含义。如果此选项改成A.use your cards right, 便逊色多了。

九、标新立异, 巧设“主旨”题

英语阅读中的“主旨”题, 主要是考查考生对整篇文章的主旨和大意的掌握。设题时, 要注重“标新立异”, 抓住事物的对称与平衡性质, 围绕“主旨”设置相关的“干扰项”。

例如, 2008年福建卷第75题Which of the following can be the title for this passage?此题的选项A.Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer与B.Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer和C.Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen与D.Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles的结构是平衡对称的。又如, 2006年福建卷第63题的干扰项A.Birds Thin Down For Journey与正确选项B.Birds Fatten Up For Journey的意思刚好相对称;而干扰项C.How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey与D.How Birds Burn Energy For Journey在句式上又构成“平衡”的一对干扰项;C是根据文章倒数第二段的内容 (The first Study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.) 而设立的, 而D是根据文章最后一段的最后一句内容 (They forced a small amount of special water into the birds’bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.) 而设立的。类似的还有71题, 选项A和B与C和D各自形成结构一致、平衡的对称, 答案为D;75题干扰项A.Environment Agency和B.Technology In Flood Defenses在文章的第一句 (Despite the high technology and investment in flood defenses by the Environment Agency...) 里便“露面”;而干扰项D.Easter Floods是文章中的一个事例, 在第三段里出现。它们和正确选项C.Flood Warning System都很简洁、明了。总之, 这样设题, 使句子显得结构匀称、简约, 富有新意。

阅读理解试题篇10

《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》对高中英语课程目标的表述中王云华2008:80)

1.主旨大意题。主要考查学生判断、分析、概括文章主旨大意的能力。这类题目在记叙类和议论类的文章中较多出现,通常议论类的比记叙类的题目难度大。

2.细节理解题。主要考查学生理解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节的能力。细节题在记叙类和说明类材料中多见,除了设置一些小陷阱,一般难度不大。

3.推理判断题。主要考查学生理解上下文之间的逻辑关系并进行一定的判断推理能力。这类题在各种材料中都有,针对的是篇章结构把握和隐含意义的解读。

4.猜测词(句)义题。主要考查学生依据上下文理解、推断词汇或句子的意思的能力。各类材料都可能出现。题目本身难度不大,更多的是考查学生的阅读策略和心理素质。

了解了阅读材料的类型有助于阅读者在阅读过程中逐步形成图式1,而图式的形成又会反过来促进阅读理解的速度和理解的深入。因此,英语教师应该重视阅读训练中学生图式的形成。限于篇幅,图式的形成和培养问题作者将另撰文进行阐述,本文中不再展开。

四、常见英语阅读题型解题思路简析

了解常见题目类型,有助于学生有针对性地进行重点扫描或搜索,用更短的时间找到自己所需要的信息,提高阅读效率,从而提高解读速度和正确率。下面根据各种题型,介绍一些行之有效的基本的解题思路,从而探讨如何提高学生英语阅读能力。

(一)主旨大意题

可以分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种。要求学生通过对文章的阅读,迅速把握文章或段落的主旨大意。该类题型考查阅读者综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力。该类题型在历年高考中出现的频率极高。

1.关键词及问题形式

这类题干中经常出现下列词组:main idea、main problem、mainly discuss、best title或the purpose of the author等。

2.解题思路

这种题目应主要看篇章中的主题句,即文章首段以及各段的首句、末句或者是从篇章的结构入手,对文章信息进行系统分析,归纳总结从而把握文章大意。

(实例1)2011年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ1

Since 1984,Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act.One by one,graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art...

The walls that were once ugly with graffiti are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art...“When people ask me what our program is about,”she says,“I answer them with one word:hope.”……

…

“The making of a mural enters people’s collective memory as an extraordinary,pleasant moment in neighborhood history,”says Golden,who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.

41.What can be the best title for the text?

A.Love,from Graffiti Writers to Muralists

B.MAP,a New Company in Philadelphia

C.Jane,an Excellent Mural Artist

D.Hope,One Wall at a Time

解析:

文章第一段主要介绍了曾被涂鸦的丑陋墙壁正在被漂亮的壁画覆盖,所以标题应与WALL有关。接着在第二段又介绍了一个壁画艺术项目工作者为此所做的努力:“When people ask me what our program is about,”she says,“I answer them with one word:hope.”当人们问到这个项目是关于什么的时候,她的回答是:hope,所以费城人民的愿望是要把原来的丑陋墙壁变成艺术之墙,最佳标题为D。此类文章的中心思想往往包含在各个段落中,可通过分析细节,把文章的要点归纳出来,概括出文章的主旨大意。

(二)细节理解题

针对文章中某些具体细节信息提出问题。

1.关键词及问题形式

此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how、how much/many或why等词来提问,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求回答。

2.解题思路

第一步要根据题干提问的内容、题干中的重要信息词明确题目问的是什么;第二步是迅速扫描段落主题句来确定问题可能对应的段落。找准关键词,尤其是文章提到人名、地名、数字、时间等细节性信息,第三步是排除文章中正反混淆选项、无中生有、偷换概念的错误选项,寻找正确答案。遇到一次不能十分肯定答案的情况,再次仔细审读问题,核查原文,也是必要的。

(实例2)2011年高考英语山东卷

Tim Richter and his wife,Linda,had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo,New York...

Not long after the surgery,Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library a program started by Dolly Parton’s foundation that mailed a book every month to children,…maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire...

…

The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters...They went to Dollywood for a look-see“we didn’t want to give the children rubbish,”says Linda.

…

62.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library?

A.Give out brochures.

B.Do something similar.

C.Write books for children.

D.Retire from being a teacher.

解析:

此处属细节理解题。在Tim手术后不久,他了解了Imagination Library的情况,并且说:maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire,所以答案为B。根据上下文可排除A,C,D三项,所以做题时一定要保持思维清晰,认真审题,不宜匆忙武断。

64.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?

A.To avoid signing up online.

B.To meet Dollywood board members.

C.To make sure the books were the newest.

D.To see if the books were of good quality.

解析:

此处属细节理解题。A,B,C三个选项中的内容在文章中都没提到。文章第四段首句:The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters.以及“we didn’t want to give the children rubbish”两点可以说明Richter夫妇去Dollywood的原因是看看书的质量好不好。所以答案是D。

(三)推理判断题

这类题目既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,注意一定要从作者的角度去考虑,而不是固守自己的看法或观点。

1.关键词及问题形式

题干中常有infer、imply、suggest、deduce、indicate、conclude等词出现,常见的命题模式有:What can you conclude from this passage?What’s the author’s attitude towards...?It can be inferred from the paragraph that...。

2.解题思路

根据题干的关键词迅速搜索定位以便确定推理依据的范围,利用语境线索了解单句的含义,抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,弄清上下文的逻辑关系,然后按题意进行推理,挖掘文章的深层含义。错误选项的特点:1)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,部分内容以偏概全;2)只是简单复述原文,而非推断出来的结论,即使符合原文,没有引申或归纳总结的内容一般不是正确选项;3)根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的结论,学生要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理,而应根据文章内容及上下文逻辑推理得出答案。

(实例3)2011年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ

When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s,we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep...…

…

All of this was about more than convenience.There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.Mr.Basille even had a key to our house,for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors,so that the milk wouldn’t freeze.And I remember Mr.Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table,having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.

…

Recently,an old milk box in the countryside Isaw brought back my childhood memories.I took it home and planted it on the back porch.Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is.So I start telling stories of my boyhood,and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.

57.What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?

A.He wanted to have tea there.

B.He was a respectable person.

C.He was treated as a family member.

D.He was fully trusted by the family.

解析:

此处属推理判断题。A选项只是简单重复文章部分内容,但意思与原文不符,并非推断出的结论。B、C两选项属读者主观想法,并不符合作者的意图。根据文章第三段可知,作者家人甚至给了送奶工一把家里的钥匙,可见作者的家人对他的信任,所以通过推理得到答案D选项。

(四)生词猜测题

题干中具体给出原文中某处的单词或短语,要求推测其意思。这类题目中有时的考点是常见词在特定语境的意思,有时要求学生根据上下文给出的线索猜测难词、生词的含义。

1.关键词及问题形式

能帮助读者猜测词义的上下文线索通常有定义、解释、同义词、近义词、反义词或标点符号等等。此类题目中常见的单词和词组有:so、thus、however、that is to say、somebody or something is (are) called、mean、refer to、be known as等。常见的问题形式有:The word in the passage most probably means...或The underlined word is the closest in meaning to...等。

2.解题思路

通读原文,找出该词出现的地方;注意其所在的上下文,尤其是上下句。要结合上下文理解该单词的含义;特别注意不能靠单词字面意思来理解。确定了答案后将选定的词放入原文代替原词,看上下文逻辑是否通顺,如果通顺就是正确答案。

(实例4)2011年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ

“I didn’t hear them call my name,”explained Shelley Henning to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004.“Are you ready?”is what she heard.Then she said,“I shook my head no,and then they said‘Yes’and it was announced again.”

It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan,Louisiana—she was still on cloud nine.

“I was so shocked!I never believed that it could actually really happen.”...

56.What do the words“on cloud nine”in Paragraph 2 problem mean?

A.frightened

B.troubled

C.very happy

D.very angry

解析:

由第一段I didn’t hear them call my name.及第三段I was so shocked.可知作者赢得了2004年美国妙龄小姐的荣誉,对此非常吃惊,喜出望外,生活发生了翻天覆地的变化,因此在赛后的四天里她仍非常高兴。所以答案不能从字面意思来理解,根据上下文应理解为C选项。

(实例5)2011年高考英语全国卷Ⅰ

Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income.So this year she did something more than a hobby:She planted vegetables in her yard.For her first garden,Ms.Feeley has put in 15tomato plants,and five rows of a variety of vegetables.The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house,its residents arriving next month.Last year,Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden.This year she has made it much larger because,she said,“The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds,too;so it is a win-win situation all around.”

…

68.What does the word“residents”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A.chickens

B.tomatoes

C.gardens

D.people

解析:

由前一句The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house,可知家里的老房子已变成了鸡舍,故鸡舍里的居民应是鸡。即residents指的是chickens,因此正确答案应为A选项。

69.By saying“a win-win situation all around”,Ms.Gartin means that____.

A.she is happier and her garden bigger

B.she may spend less and lose weight

C.she is selling more and buying less

D.she has grown more varieties of vegetables

解析:

根据前一句The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds,too可知,对Ms.Gartin来说双赢是指家庭种植蔬菜不仅可以省钱,还可以帮助她减肥,因此理解为B选项。

五、结语

阅读能力是外语综合语言运用能力的重要体现,阅读教学也是高中英语教学的主要课程内容之一。就高考而言,学生的阅读能力更是重点考查对象。因此,平日英语教学中,教师既要注重学生基础语言知识的积累及基本阅读能力和阅读策略的训练,也有必要对学生进行阅读理解材料和题目类型的分类指导,不断增强他们的图式意识,逐步提高阅读的正确性和阅读速度,从而提高英语阅读能力。

参考文献

陈力,陈淑玲.2008.英语阅读教学过程分析[J].英语教师(7):12-16.

崔萍丽.2011.5年高考3年模拟:高考英语[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社/教育科学出版社:172-286.

阅读大比拼试题设计篇11

在日本，一位父亲带着6岁的儿子去郊游。父亲钓鱼，儿子在一旁玩耍（shu2 s1）。

在离湖边不远处，有一个很深的大坑。孩子好奇，自己偷偷摸索着下到坑里。玩了一阵子后，他发现大坑离地面很高，下来容易上去难。

于是，他不得不向正在钓鱼的父亲求助：“爸爸，帮帮我，我上不去了！”但他没有得到回应。其实，此时此刻，他的父亲正在距离他不远的地方钓鱼。于是，他的第一个反应就是愤怒。他开始直呼父亲的名字，称之为“八格牙鲁（混蛋）”。父亲还是置之不理。

天渐渐地黑了下来，出于恐惧和无助，他的第二个反应是哭泣，又哭又喊，足以令做父亲的揪（ji$ qi$）心。结果父亲还是沉默。之后，他不得不自己想办法了。他在坑里转来转去，寻找可以上去的地方。终于，他发现在坑的另一面，有几棵可以用于攀援的小树。

他艰难地爬了上来。此时此刻，他发现父亲还在那里叼着烟卷，悠闲地一动不动地钓着他的鱼。令人意想不到的是，这个顽童，没有抱怨，更没有愤怒，而是径（j#ng j#n）直走到父亲身边，自豪地对父亲说：“老爸，我是自己上来的！”

[一丝不苟——答题]

1.给短文加个合适的题目。

2.给文中加点的字选择正确的读音。

3.儿子在坑里，发现自己很难上去后，他的第一个反应是___________，第二个反应是__________，而得到父亲的回应是__________，儿子最后的办法是__________。

4.大胆想象，如果你也遇到了这种情况，你会怎么做，怎么想？为什么？

从阅读测试题巾得到的“启示” 篇12

一、基础题,从字词句开始,夯实积累

对于阅读理解,一些教师往往抓住了理解,却忽略了基础,对于字词总是强调学生自主学习,“放手”导致了学生的基础知识薄弱。因此,在阅读教学中,教师应该在阅读测试题的指导下强化学生对基础知识的学习。

1. 生字题型的“启示”

从考查重点来看,生字阅读理解题可以分为三类。第一类是字音,重点考查多音字,如《但愿人长久》短文阅读中的“埋(mán mái)怨”;还有一些容易混淆的字音,如《开天辟地》短文阅读中的“万顷(qǐng qǐn)良田”。第二类是字形,重点考查字形辨析,如《九寨沟》短文阅读中的“倒(映印)”和“银花四(贱溅)”等等。第三类是字义,侧重于让学生联系上下文理解,如《徐悲鸿励志学画》短文阅读中的题目:“给带点的字选择正确的解释。清:A.寂静B.清楚C.一点不留D.清贫。”在具体阅读教学中,教师也要注意教学生字的方法,努力营造良好的教学生字氛围,让学生把比较枯燥的生字学习变得有趣、有味。

2. 词语题型的“启示”

词语是构成句子的要素。在一般情况下,词语考查重点分为两类:一类是词义,如《李时珍夜宿古寺》阅读训练中的题目:“写出下列词语的意思。端详:___。若有所悟:___。”在这样的题目中,最好的解题方法是联系上下文,多读几遍相关句子,然后用自己的语言叙述就行。另一类是选择题型的考查方法,如《天安门广场》阅读训练中的题目:“请把正确的序号填在下面的括号里。‘沸腾’在文中的意思是()。A.液体内部及表面发生汽化的现象;B.比喻情绪高涨。”对于这类题目,我们可以“偷巧”一点,即把两个选择答案都放到相应短文中,读一读,看看通顺与否。在阅读教学中,教师应该重视词语教学,从基础开始,强化积累运用。

二、理解题,在运用中延伸,实现有效迁移

阅读与理解是紧密结合的。在阅读教学中,教师要先让学生阅读,并引导他们理解相应内容。另外,教师要立足于文本,结合学生实际,引导学生在训练中实现有效迁移,从而生成精彩课堂。

1. 段落结构,整体感知

在测试中,命题者往往选择某一片段对学生进行考查,但教师可以管中窥豹,由段落推广到整篇课文。如《天安门广场》中“每当节日到来……”这一段短文分析中就有这样的题目:“这一自然段共写了两层意思,请写下来。”这样的题目考查的是句与句之间的关系,其中“总分”结构是考查重点。对于这样的题型,解题方法是读题,再读题,一句一句地读,读懂句与句之间的联系。在阅读教学中,教师要给学生普及段落结构常识,让学生对此有所了解,有所认识,不至于在测试中束手无策。

2. 细节线索,细致揣摩

细节,往往是阅读教学中学生需要重点研读的部分。研读细节描写部分可以有效烘托课堂氛围,便于学生开展与文本、与作者乃至与编者的对话,加深对文本内容的理解,对主题的把握。如《虎门销烟》短文训练中的“用小标题概括销烟的过程。撒盐巴→()→()”,这道题就重点考查了具体销烟流程的细节。在阅读教学中,教师需要引导学生紧扣细节进行分析,从而串起整个课堂教学,为学生感悟文本人物、把握文本主题奠定基础。

三、开放题,阅读指向表达,强化自主体验

对学生创新思维的培养,建议采用自主、合作、探究的模式进行教学,体现在阅读考查中,则相应表现为开放题型。对此,在阅读教学中,教师应该鼓励学生大胆表达,巧妙表达。

1. 拓展思维,丰富人文积淀

客观题与主观题有根本区别。就主观题而言,学生应该加强对知识的积累。如《但愿人长久》短文训练中有这样的一道题:“古诗词中还有许多与月亮有关的诗句,请你写出这样的诗句:__,_________。”在阅读教学中,教师应该深入研究教材,围绕文本内容,为学生拓展课外知识。一来可以丰富学生的人文常识,增加人文积淀,提升语文素养;二来学生也可以在考试时取得好成绩。

2. 强化自主,丰富自我体验

在阅读教学中,教师要尽可能强化学生的口语表达能力,尊重他们的主观体验。如《虎门销烟》短文训练中“虎门销烟这一壮举,打击了侵略者的气焰,长了中国人的志气。假如此刻你就站在林则徐的面前,你会对他说:_________”;还有《诚实与信任》短文训练中“相信同学们一定收获了不少,你从中明白了_______道理”,等等。这样的题目虽然没有固定的答案,但有主观倾向。对于这样的题目,教师应引导学生联系短文阅读内容来写。教师可以引导学生在解题中“言之有据”,即尽量从原文中寻找答案,同时还要能够“自圆其说”,即指导学生根据问题说出自己的见解。

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