大学英语专升本（共8篇）
大学英语专升本 篇1
专升本大学英语试题
专升本大学英语试题
Ⅰ. Phonetics (10 points)
Directions:
In each of following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1.A. enough B. about C. touch D. young
2.A. thirsty B. throat C. youth D. those
3.A. shut B. cut C. funny D. use
4.A. thanks B. pills C. news D. films
5.A. dear B. heart C. ear D. tear
6.A. births B. depths C. months D. mouths
7.A. election B. pronunciation C. question D. operation
8.A. hot B. home C. top D. off
9.A. may B. day C. stay D. Sunday
10.A. weigh B. eight C. seize D. daily
Ⅱ. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)
Directions:
There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
11. _______ we won the war.
A. In the end B. On the end C. By the end D. At the end
12. As a poor fresh student, he had to do a part-time job _______ money.
A. owing to B. because of C. on account of D. for the sake of
13. Too much drinking would ______ his health.
A. do harm for B. do harmful to C. do harm to D. do harmful for
14. The days _______ you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past.
A. in which B. on which C. of which D. at which
15. He insists that he ______ innocent.
A. is B. be C. should be D. were
16. The teacher said, “Stop ______”. So we stopped _______.
A. to talk…to read B. talking…to read C. talking…reading D. talking…read
17. Could I have some milk, some orange juice, and some eggs ______?
A. instead of B. in addition C. as well D. so much
18. ______ after his death that he was recognized as a great composer.
A. It was not until B. It is until C. It was until D. Not until
19. Our classroom is ______ in the school building.
A. bigger than any other one B. bigger than all
C. the biggest of all the others D. the biggest of any one
20. It was Thomas Alva Edison who ______ the electric lamp.
A. discovered B. invented C. innovated D. found
21. I’d like you ______ to see him.
A. go B. going C. to go D. have gone
22. Your coat ______ his.
A. like B. likes C. is like D. will look like
23. Either you or I _____ meet him at the airport.
A. are to B. is to C. am to D. were to
24. Each has an apple, ______?
A. has he B. doesn’t he C. does he D. don’t they
25. Sports, ______ perhaps you don’t like very much, may make you strong.
A. that B. which C. it D. and
26. We should look ______ the matter before we reach a conclusion.
A. into B. for C. to D. at
27. Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work _______ all their time.
A. takes away B. takes in C. takes over D. takes up
28. He is ______ to speak the truth.
A. too much of a coward B. too much a coward
C. so much a coward D. so much of a coward
29. It’s strange that you ______ like that at the meeting.
A. should speak B. spoke C. should have spoken D. speak
30. He ______ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A. was almost hurt B. was to hurt himself
C. was hurt himself D. was hurting himself
31. Mary likes _______ very much, but she didn’t go _______ last Sunday.
A. to swim…swimming B. swimming…to swim
C. to swim…to swim D. swimming…swimming
32. More ______, less speed.
A. hurry B. rush C. quickness D. haste
33. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.
A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing
34. The fact ______ money orders can usually be easily cashed has made them a popular form of payment.
A. of B. is that C. that D. which is
35. He is working very hard to ______ the lost time in the past 10 years.
A. make for B. make up for C. make up D. make out
36. If a child is absent ______ school for long periods, he should be given extra work.
A. at B. in C. from D. out of
37. Neither of your proposals ________.
A. make sense B. are practical C. makes sense D. make senses
38. It is obvious that there are at least two vitamins. ______ is soluble in fat; _____ is soluble in water.
A. The one…the other B. One…the other
C. One…another D. One…the another
39. It’s a good _______ to eat with the mouth closed.
A. custom B. habit C. way D. style
40. You ought not to _______ him the news that day.
A. tell B. be telling C. have told D. be told
41. He attempted _______ to set up a company of his own.
A. with vain B. on vain C. in vain D. of vain
42. -“I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken”.
-“Oh! I _______.”
A. don’t hope B. hope not so C. do not hope D. hope not
43. The last man ______ the sinking ship was the captain.
A. left B. leaves C. to be leaving D. to leave
44. One of his many faults is that that he never ______ any thing very long.
A. decides on B. sticks to C. goes over D. makes up
45. You are worthy _______ the honour.
A. to B. at C. for D. of
46. Billing pitched so well ______ everyone cheered him at the end of the game.
A. as B. since C. that D. whereas
47. The _______ of blood always makes him feel sick.
A. sight B. view C. look D. form
48. A child learns to read by seeing the words _______.
A. properly B. repeatedly C. repeatly D. obviously
49. Our friendship is ______ and we will never again be separated.
A. restored B. reserved C. restrained D. repeated
50. He couldn’t explain the _______ of ten years in his job history.
A. gap B. interrupting C. opening D. margin
Ⅲ. Cloze (20 points)
Directions:
For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Investors can _51_ money simply by loaning it. The money they loan is called capital. Security (担保) is an expensive item which the borrower mortgages (抵押) to the investor to show that he intends to _52_ the debt. The way investors make money on loans is to charge interest. Interest is money that _53_ pay to investors for the use of their money. Interest is usually a certain percentage of the capital. Investors sometimes _54 ten percent or more interest per year. The interest may be calculated daily, monthly, or yearly. The interest must be _55_ before the capital can be repaid. If the interest is not _56_ the agreed rate, the interest is added _57_ the capital. Then the borrower has _58_ pay interest on the unpaid interest _59_ on the capital. A debt can grow quickly this way. If the total of the capital and accumulated interest gets too high, the investor will take _60_ of the item used as security and sell it to get his money back.
51.A. get B. make C. have D. carry
52.A. repay B. leave C. get D. give
53.A. borrowers B. lenders C. peoples D. others
54.A. cost B. ask C. charge D. change
55.A. by day B. by the day C. every day D. daily
56.A. paid B. to be paid C. pay D. paying
57.A. on B. to C. for D. with
58.A. to B. on C. into D onto
59.A. or B. also C. but also D. as well as
60.A. the place B. possession C. turn D. care
大学英语专升本 篇2
关键词：专升本,大学英语,教学改革教学
一、专升本大学英语教学的现状
首先, 从教师的角度来讲, 教师原来所面对的教学对象是四年制本科学生, 教学要求要相对高些。现在从事专升本教学, 对象不同了, 要求也变了, 老经验和老办法不能解决所有的新问题, 教师必须思考应对策略。教师在学生英语能力提高中是个不能忽视的因素, 但连年扩招导致学生人数剧增而从事大学英语教学的教师严重不足, 他们要承担全校除外语系外所有各院系的英语教学工作, 平均每人每周要负责15～20个学时的课程。在这种情况下, 教师就需要排除困难挤出时间来研究专升本教学。
其次, 从学生的角度讲, 他们除了英语基础差之外, 还存在学习英语的态度不端正, 动机不正确的问题。大多数学生只是为文凭而学, 对于外语只求及格。具有这类动机的学生英语学习积极性不高, 不够努力, 用于英语的学习时间很少。
第三, 从教材的方面来看, 大学英语教材几经改革, 比以前有了很大改观。新推出的《新视野大学英语》内容比较新颖, 但对于专升本的学生来说应该从哪一册开始学起, 这是一个问题。按道理讲应该从第三册开始学, 但第三册对于他们来说难度偏大。因此, 如何挑选合适的教材, 也是该考虑的问题。
最后, 从教学手段方面来讲, 专升本教学仍然停留在粉笔加黑板的时代。虽然学校有一定数量的多媒体教室, 但专业课优先使用, 公共课尤其是专升本的公共课很少使用多媒体教室。
二、专升本大学英语教学改革方略
首先, 教师要转变教学观念, 转变教学观念是改革专升本院校大学英语教学的首要任务。传统的教与学思想和教与学观念在教师和学生中都存在, 传统教学法以教师为中心, 强调知识的讲解与传授, 学生们在教学中对教师有过度的依赖。而现代英语教学提倡交际法和任务型课堂教学, 交际法教学是以学生为中心, 尽可能地让学生进行交际实践活动。任务型课堂教学模式是将英语的教学目标整合到一个或多个具体的活动任务当中, 使学生在使用英语完成任务的同时, 不知不觉学会英语, 更主要的是培养学生运用英语的能力。针对专升本学生英语底子薄, 学习动机单一等学习特点, 任务型教学是非常适合的。教师作为设计者, 也是活动的参与者, 和学生一起融入到课堂的互动中, 同时在互动中可以及时发现学生在语音、语调和语言运用方面出现的问题。这种教学模式要求教师在教学中要采用形式多样的教学方式、教学手段, 培养学生的求知欲和学习兴趣。同时, 教师也要努力学习外语教育教学理论、教学方法, 不断提高自己的知识水平和教学水平, 用先进的教学方法和手段提高教学质量。要精心备课, 不断研究教学对象, 因材施教, 使学生在每节课中都有收获。
其次, 激发学生的英语学习动机, 端正其学习态度, 调动学生学习英语的积极性。英语学习的动机表现为渴求英语学习的强烈愿望和求知欲, 它是直接推动英语学习的一种内部动力, 是英语学习者在英语学习活动中的一种自觉能动性和积极性的心理状态。英语学习动机和态度对学习的成效至关重要。从入学之日起, 教师就要对学生们进行学习目的的教育, 使其明白英语学习对自身的意义, 使学生认识到强化外语教学是提高教育质量的要求。另外教师在教学中在注重渗透教材知识的同时, 要增加与课文内容相关的文化背景知识输入, 格外注重学生文化意识的培养和提高, 帮助学生了解世界文化以及与本国文化的差异, 只有让学生融入到目的语的文化氛围中, 才能真正激发他们的英语学习兴趣。专升本学生对文化的求知欲很高, 他们有着极大的兴趣去了解目的语文化, 这就是改善英语教学的一个很好的切入点。
第三, 选择或者编写适合专升本学生的教材。教材是反映教学内容的知识载体, 是实现教学目标的重要保证, 因此教材的选择是很关键的。目前还没有专门针对专升本学生的教材, 而编写这样一套教材需要结合专升本学生的特点, 以学生学的需要为基本着眼点, 要内容新颖、通俗易懂、难易适中, 并要注重趣味性, 集能力培养和文化知识为一体, 但也不能脱离社会现实。简单地讲, 就是教材的词汇量不能太大, 语句结构不可太复杂, 不可超过专升本学生的阅读水平。除教材外, 教师应适当增加课外读物, 教师可以从网上或国外报刊杂志上挑选相关资料指导学生大量阅读, 使学生从中获取感兴趣的信息, 养成自觉阅读的好习惯。
第四, 充分使用现代化教学手段。新的时代为英语教学提供了多种多样的教学手段:录音、录像、电影、电台广播、电脑、多媒体、投影、幻灯、网络等等为我们进行外语教学改革提供了新的途径, 提高了教学效率。充分利用多媒体, 是目前教学改革的重点。多媒体技术是运用计算机的综合交互功能, 将文字、数据、图片、图形、立体声声音、动态视频等多种媒体融合为一个有机整体。运用多媒体教学手段能增加课堂信息量和学生接触声音、图像的机会, 使语言学习更直观, 能拓宽学生视野和知识面。应用现代化的教学手段可以将现在的教师讲、学生听的被动模式, 转变为以计算机、网络、教学软件、课堂综合应用为主的个性化和主动式的教学模式。当然, 在充分使用这些现代化教学手段的同时不要忘记教师本身的作用, 要注重实际效果, 不搞形式主义。
第五, 从不同的角度来进行专升本英语教学。除了上面提到的四个基本方面以外, 还有很多可行的方案以供参考, 比如分层教学。有的专升本学生在中学和大专阶段已掌握相当的英语知识, 这部分学生的听说能力较强, 而有的学生英语基础很差, 基本上无法听懂英语授课, 这样学校就可以按学生入学时的英语成绩跨专业统一编班, 进行分级教学, 每学期根据英语成绩调整一次, 解决了学生水平反差大教师难以提高教学效果的矛盾, 教学效果可以得到稳固。另外还要尽可能分小班上听说课。学生最薄弱之处就是听力与口语, 原因在于听的机会少, 听不懂, 大脑储存太少, 不知道如何表达自己的思想, 害怕开口, 害怕出错, 遭人笑话, 越怕越错, 越错越怕, 形成恶性循环。如果班级人数少, 就比较容易营造缓和融洽的课堂气氛, 消除学生的心理障碍, 教师对学生的个别辅导次数也会增多, 学生练习的机会也增多, 准确率故而增高, 学生说话的兴趣和积极性也会随之增高。
第六, 实施过程性测试, 测试是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量、推动教与学的有效手段, 而成绩作为评价学生水平的标准历来深受关注。成绩的评定应该是学习过程的评定, 因此应取缔“一考定成败”的成绩评定方式, 采取卷面成绩与包括听说成绩等在内的平时成绩各占一定比例的方式, 而学生的毕业成绩可以采取用学生四级考试的最终成绩的50%加上各学期期末成绩累加的50%这样的方式来计算。
进行专升本英语教学改革是一个很复杂很艰巨的任务, 它需要广大教育工作者以满腔热情投入其中, 并在实际教学过程中总结经验, 潜心钻研, 尊重教学规律, 不断探索。我们相信, 只要广大英语教育工作者齐心协力, 一定能将专升本英语教学提高到一个新的高度。
参考文献
[1]谢莉莉.对“专升本”院校大学英语教学的思考[J].广西中医学院学报, 2005 (2) .
[2]金睿明, 王涛.专升本大学英语课堂教学模式新探[J].辽宁教育行政学院学报, 2007 (7) .
[3]曾瑾, 潘辉英.浅谈成教专升本英语课程教学内容和教学方法的改革[J].中国现代医学杂志, 2004 (3) .
[4]吴汉周.专升本非英语专业成人大学生英语能力现状及提高策略[J].广西教育学院学报, 2007 (6) .
[5]李光梅.关于专升本后英语教学改革的思考[J].玉林师范高等专科学校学报, 2000 (4) .
大学英语专升本 篇3
【关键词】专升本;大学语文;复习策略
大学语文《复习考试大纲——专科起点升本科》规定,考生必须掌握汉语基本知识、作家作品知识、文体知识以及写作知识等;可见,该课程的内容涉及面相当广泛。从规定的篇目看,古今中外都有选文;从文体看,各种文体下又涉及到各类知识点;从知识点看,需要考生掌握的内容可谓浩如烟海。面对如此繁杂的内容,考生要如何复习才能在短短的数月内做好迎考的准备呢?
一、紧扣《复习考试大纲》,构建考试知识网络
《复习考试大纲》是命题和备考的指导和依据,我们一定要花大力气,彻底把它读透。大学语文《复习考试大纲——专科起点升本科》给考生具体规定了必须掌握的内容,归纳起来主要包括三个方面:基本的语文知识、课文的阅读和分析以及作文。“语言知识体系在知识的态度上采取的是一种知识的‘网罗主义’,即从构建系统、完整的语言知识出发,将一个个确定的语言知识罗列出来,然后在这个基础上按照学科的逻辑进行组合,从而形成一种严密、封闭的体系。”[1]面对海量考点,考生不应该手忙脚乱,而应根据《考纲》来概括知识点,构建一张有形的考点网络,这样对各考点就可以做到心中有数。
比如对基本语文知识的概括我们可以这样来操作。
作家作品知识,主要出现在每篇课文前的作家介绍,对此,考生可以用列表的方式帮助记忆。
语言知识,体现在试卷中,主要是解释文言字词、翻译古文句子,包括古文篇目中的文言词语、句子,也包括诗歌小说部分的文言字词及现代文部分的现代汉语的词语。文言字词的重点是常用的实词,而文言句子的考核点主要是特殊的和重要句子,如被动、使动、意动和特殊句式等。对这部分内容,考生可用“归类法”,为每一个“点”设置文中所有例句的“集中营”,以便积累、体悟,做到举一反三。
文体知识,包括议论文、说明文、记叙文、诗词这四种文体知识,以及每篇课文的的体裁及文体特点。常用的修辞手法包括排比、比喻、拟人、对偶、夸张、反语、设问、反问、借代、反复等;常用的表现手法有对比、类比、象征、托物言志、托物寄情、铺垫、衬托、欲扬先抑、欲抑先扬、首尾呼应、比兴、侧面烘托、铺叙、白描等。复习这些知识,都可以用归类集中法。
经过上述的归纳总结,考生们对《考纲》中规定的语文基础知识,应该有一个清晰的了解,如此形成知识网络,对复习迎考十分有必要;考生如果这样做,就不至于在浩瀚的知识点中迷失方向,从而丧失信心。
二、吃透教材,正确处理教材与考试的关系
根据《复习考试大纲》要求,“大学语文”试题材料80%为纲内篇目,而这些篇目都在《大学语文》教材中有具体分析。所以,我们应该把每篇课文都读懂,读通,读透,因为这是我们考试的主要内容。如何才能把每篇课文读懂,读通,读透?我们可以按照以下步骤来实施:
(一)在了解作家作品的基础上通读课文
《考纲》规定,要掌握中外作家的名号、国别、时代及代表作,了解主要思想倾向、文学主张、艺术成就、所属流派(社团)及在文学史上的贡献。教材中每篇课文的前面都设计了助读提示,考生只需要稍加重视就可以掌握规定内容。具体操作时可用列表法或卡片法。了解作家生平、思想倾向、文学主张、艺术成就以及所属流派等内容,对我们把握文章的思想主旨、了解作者的观点态度、评价事件的是非曲折等起着至关重要的作用。一举两得,何乐不为!
(二)结合课文注释,重视阅读提示
《大学语文》教材中的文言文以及诗词歌赋等古代作品占到课文总量的一半以上,大多数考生一看到文言作品就望而却步,产生恐惧心理。这跟我们大多数考生的语文基础知识欠缺固然有一定关系,但更多的原因在于很多考生因恐惧而懒得花力气去“啃”这些“大块头”。其实,考生们大可不必恐惧,与普通高考不同,“专升本”考试涉及的文言文基本上都来自于教材原文,只要我们吃透教材,读书百遍,还怕考不好吗?阅读文言作品时,我们应结合课文的注释,了解大意,抓住重点词句,善于积累感悟,做到眼到、手到、口到、心到。当然,教材中的阅读提示也不能忽视,通过阅读提示我们可以了解课文的写作背景、主要内容、文章结构以及写作手法等知识,这对我们在考试中解题可以起到关键作用。
检阅2008年专升本语文试题,我们发现文言文阅读部分三道题,两道出自教材,一道来自课外;现代文阅读部分三道题,也是两道是出自教材,一道来自课外。由此可见,吃透《大学语文》教材中的篇目对考生来说十分重要,可以这样说,考生掌握了教材,考试已经胜利了一大半。
三、用好典型练习,进行强化训练
俗话说“光说不练假把式”,掌握了知识点,也吃透了课文,那么就该检测一下自己的掌握程度。市场上关于“专升本”的辅导练习可谓多如牛毛,有不少练习甚至是某些不法书商为了获利而粗制滥造出来的。那么,面对鱼龙混杂的辅导练习,考生应该如何选择来巩固自己的学习结果呢?千万不要相信所谓的“秘卷”,其实,我们手头就有这样的练习,只是经常被我们考生忽视罢了。
比较权威的出版社出版的教材,每篇课文后面编者都精心配备了同步练习。就拿方维保、李铭主编的由知识出版社出版的《大学语文》教材来说,从语文基础知识到课文阅读分析,可谓面面俱到,而且题型丰富,每份同步练习都体现了该课文的学习目标。考生可以在自学完课文的基础上,充分利用这些同步练习,自测一下,看自己对该课文的掌握达到何种程度,自己在哪些方面还比较薄弱。对于薄弱环节,进一步针对练习,强化训练。如果考生们能够坚持做同步练习,并善于归纳总结,就能有效地巩固该篇课文的知识点,做到温故知新、对比记忆,长此以往,相信对考试会有很大的帮助。
除此之外,历届专升本语文真题也是我们不容忽视的练习对象,“去年的试题是今年的最佳模拟题。”这话有一定道理。如果不做大量习题,做后不去对照“标准答案”,就缺乏答题的准确性。做好近几年的“专升本”语文试卷,可以让我们查漏补缺,充分了解自己的实力,做到知己知彼,方能百战不殆。
四、熟悉试卷题型,掌握特点规律
“大学语文”“专升本”试卷内容主要包括四大部分:关于语文知识以及运用的选择题、文言文阅读、现代文阅读以及作文。考生只有掌握其题型特点及规律,熟悉试卷布局、题量、考点和评分标准等,在复习时才能做到对症下药,有的放矢。
选择题的考核内容包括了上文所说的基本语文知识以及课文阅读和分析中的部分内容,考核范围相当广泛,基本上囊括了教材全部课文的所有知识点。虽然这种题型考核范围较广,但由于这种题型考察的是最基本的知识内容,又是客观题,所以,总体说来,难度相对小一些,容易得分。只要考生在复习时紧扣《复习考试大纲》,构建考试知识网络,复习难度就会小很多。
近几年的文言文阅读和现代文阅读部分,一般各包括三个语段(两个课内一个课外),每个语段提三个小问题。应对这种题型,首先必须立足于课文所选段落的分析,把基本分得到手。选自教材的两个段落选自教材文言文部分。一般说来,该部分的提问大致如下:其一,使用了哪些修辞手法,其作用是什么;其二,采用了什么抒情方式?其三,表达了作者的什么思想情感?其四,段中某些句子的喻义是什么。如此等等。这些,基本都和每篇课文后面的同步练习关系密切。至于课外语段,只要能做到举一反三,也就没有问题了,因为提问的方式、考核的知识点是类似的。
作文部分是考试的重头戏,占考试总分的30%以上。大纲对作文的总要求是:掌握常用的文体写作知识,能够综合运用各种表达方式,具有较高的写作能力。以2008年作文题为例:
毫无疑问,2008年是令人难忘的一年。请以《我的2008》为题,写一篇兼顾叙事、抒情和议论的短文,不少于800字。
上述作文要求看似简单,但是注意点却不少。第一,文体问题,尽管题目没有文体限定,但是不作限定,不等于不要文体,所以考生千万不能写出“四不像”的文章。第二,综合运用多种表达方式,即根据文体需要以某种表达方式为主,其他表达方式为辅。第三,考生平时应该注意积累作文素材,时常关注一些社会热点问题,这样在写作时才能写出新意,避免老生常谈。第四,满足作文文字量,书写清晰,文章结构完整,包括开头、结尾、段落、层次等。其实,作文的得分主要还靠考生平时多阅读、多练笔,千万不能指望“临时抱佛脚”。
综上所述,在“专升本”“大学语文”考试中,只要我们吃透大纲和自考教材,构建考试知识网络,掌握一定的解题思路及题型规律,用好典型练习,就能如鱼得水,挥洒自如。
【注释】
专升本英语作文 篇4
句式：
There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of ….Some argue/hold that …;others , on the contrary, set forth a totally different argument about the issue.(最近，„„问题引起了人们的广泛讨论。有些人认为„„，另一些人关于此问题则提出了一个截然不同的观点) In reaction to the phenomenon/ in answer to the problem/ in response to the ongoing social change, some people argue that … , in their minds, ….However, others maintain ….In their eyes, ….（为应对这一现象/问题/不断变化的社会，有些人认为„„，在他们心里，„„然而，另一些人主张„„在他们眼中„„）
Personally, I side with the former/latter opinions.（就我个人而言，我支持前者/后者）
I am of the opinion that priority should be given to ….（我支持这样一种观点，即，我们应优先考虑„„）
In conclusion, it is clear that ….（总之，显然）模板：
There is no consensus among people as to the view of().The opinions vary from person to person.（关于„„，人们的观点没能达到一致。每个人的观点都不一样）
Some people hold the idea that().A case in point is that().Others, however, may stand on a different ground.According to them, ….The most typical example is ….（有些人持有这样一种观点„„。相关的例子就是„„。另一些人，然而，可能站在不同的立场。据他们看来，„„。最典型的例子就是„„）
Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to side with ….Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable to some extent, but …is more convincing.（权衡了这些论点的利弊之后，我倾向于支持„„。不可否认，前者的观点在某种程度上似乎合理。但是很„„更有说服力）
二、观点论证
模板：
When asked about … , some people hold the idea that ….As they see it, ….But I could not agree with them in several points.In my point of view, ….（当问到„„，有些人持有这样一种观点„„。在他们看来，„„）但是我在以下几点上不能同意他们。在我看来，„„）
The reasons for my choice can be listed as follows.（出于以下几个原因，我做出了选择）
For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe that ….（基于以上提及的几条原因，我坚定地认为„„）
三、现象阐释类
句式：
Recently, the phenomenon of … has become the focus of public concern,（最近，„„现象已经成为公众关注的焦点） It is no easy/ simple tasks to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factor.Among all the important/ convincing reasons for … , one should be emphasized.（列出这一现象背后的原由并不容易，因为它涉及到了不止一个复杂因素。在所有关于„„的有力原因中，有一个应当受到重视。）
The significant effects of this phenomenon are undeniable, which can be concluded as the following aspects.（这一现象的巨大效应不可否认，总结一下，有以下几个方面。）框架：
Recently, the phenomenon of … has become the focus of public concern.What are the reasons for this phenomenon? On my standpoint, there are several as follows.（最近，„„现象已经成为公众关注的焦点。这一现象背后的原因是什么？在我看来，有以下几点。）
First of all,….What is more, ….Last but not the least, ….（首先，其次，最后）
The significant effects of this phenomenon are undeniable, which can be concluded as the following aspects.On one hand, …
.On the other hand, ….（这一现象的巨大效应不可否认，总结一下，有以下几个方面。一方面，„„另一方面，„„）
四、问题解决类
模板：
In recent years, hand in hand with the development of the economy/ society/ people’s living standard, we are faced with a serious phenomenon that….In order to solve this problem, it is essential for us to analyze the causes behind it.(今年来，随着经济/社会/人民生活水平的提高，我们面临着一个严肃的现象，即，„„为了解决这一问题，我们必须分析其背后的原因。)What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are several reasons as follows.（什么导致了这一问题？似乎，有以下几点原因）
In view of the seriousness of the phenomenon, effective measure should be taken as follows, ….On one hand, it is high time that people all over China realized the seriousness of the phenomenon;On the otherhand, the government should issue laws and regulations to put the situation under control.Only in these ways can we successfully solve the problem.（鉴于问题的严肃性，我们应当采取以下几条有效措施。一方面，是时候，全中国的人们都应意识到问题的严肃性。另一方面，政府应当出台法律法规来控制局面。只有以这些方式，我们才能成功地解决这一问题）
以“Going on Diet”为题，根据以下提纲写一篇字数不少于120字的作文。（1）节食减肥渐成时尚（2）这现象背后的原因（3）你的看法 Example ：
专升本英语作文 篇5
I’ve got my plane ticket to New York, I will take Flight CA981 to New York on June 25th. My plane takes off at 10:20 AM from Beijing Airport. It arrives at Shanghai at 12:20 PM and stops for one hour and twenty minutes. Then it continue its flight and lands at Los Angles at 10:50 AM on June 25th. I will have to stay about four hours at Los Angles Airport. Then my plane leaves Los Angles at 14:45 PM.
The flight takes five hours and I will finally get to New York at 7:45 in the evening.
I’m looking forward to meeting you soon.
专升本考试英语真题 篇6
2005年福建省高职高专升本科入学考试 《基础英语》试题
（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）答题说明：（1）选择题部分的答案请写在答题卡上相应字母的中间划横线。（2）主观题的答案写在主观答题纸上相应的位置 注意：答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
Vocabulary and Structure（40point ,1for each）It is easy to ______one state of matter from another.A)differ
B)vary
C)distinguish
D)change Not once _________ his view of life.A)did the gentleman mention
B)has mentioned the gentleman C)the gentleman mention
D)the gentleman mentioned We discuss the matter _______ tea and cakes.A)over
B)with
C)by
D)at It wasn’t such a good dinner ______ she had promised us.A)that
B)which
C)as
D)what It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.A)must be sent
B)would be sent
C)be sent
D)were went The reason _______ I went to take that class is ______ the professor is supposed to be very good.A)why, for
B)why, so
C)why, that
D)that, because ________ this awareness, attitudes towards dream are changing.A)As a matter of fact
B)In effect
C)Instead of
D)As a result of The machine can’t be made perfect overnight;in fact, it should be improved ________.A)one after another
B)right away
C)by turn
D)step by step The print is still wet.______!A)Be not sure to touch it
B)Be sure not to touch it C)Be sure to not touch it
D)Don’t be sure to touch it
It was until she arrived in class ________ she realized she had forgotten her book.A)what
B)when
C)why
D)that
This is a nice car, but we cannot _______it.A)provide
B)supply
C)afford
D)manage This is the dictionary _______ I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words.A)with which
B)in which
C)on which
D)for which Where did you get your watch ________? A)repair
B)to repair
C)repaired
D)repairing His carelessness _____ her failure in the exams.A)resulted from
B)resulted
C)resulted in
D)resulted to
Please wait for the next boat.There is no ______ for you on this one.A)place
B)room
C)seat
D)corner The days ______ you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past.A)whenever
B)wherever
C)on which
D)in which We still know little about outer _______ though we have made much effort in research.A)heaven
B)universe
C)space
D)sky But for sunlight, there _____ no moonlight.A)will be
B)would be C)had been
D)has
We made several plans for our holiday, but we went to London _________ the end.A)at
B)on
C)by
D)in Revolution means _____ the productive forces.A)to liberate
B)liberated
C)liberate
D)liberating Many people plan to put ______ RMB 5,000 every year to finance their children’s future education.A)down
B)aside
C)up
D)on I ran _____ Alice, who was on her way to see me.A)up
B)out of
C)into
D)over ____ seeing the damage he had done, he felt ashamed.A)On
B)By
C)At
D)For In fact he had done ______ he could do to help the poor.A)what
B)which
C)as
D)all which We must be off _______.It id eight already.A)by accident
B)on average
C)by chance
D)right away
I’m very sorry ______ the whole morning.I forgot the appointment.A)to keep you wait
B)to have kept you waiting C)to keep you wait
D)to keep you wait
These young men walk out of the office building, each _____ a file under his arm.A)carries
B)carrying C)carried
D)having carried A computer can store ______ information because it has a very large memory.A)a great many
B)a vast amount of C)a large number of
D)a number of
Lao Wang is a selfless man, so under no circumstances ______ anything that will benefit himself and hard the interests of others.A)does he do
B)did he do C)he does do
D)he does No one doubts ______ he is the best leader in the company.A）whether
B)what C)if
D)that _______ nobody was willing to vote for her, she decided to drop out of the election.A)Seen that
B)So that
C)Seeing that
D)When that The audience, _______, enjoyed the performance.A)most of them were students
B)they were mostly students C)most of whom were students
D)they themselves were students It’s no good _________him.He is always indifferent to others.A)to turn to
B)turning to C)turn to
D)turned to
A woman and three children are said _______ in the traffic accident.A)to be injured
B)to have been injured C)having been injured
D)being injured In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _____ the developments and recorded every detail.A)in
B)at C)for
D)on
Do you think Tommy is ______ the truth? A)saying
B)speaking C)telling
D)During the time when ______ she was living in New York that she met her husband Terry.A)Just when
B)Soon after C)It was while
D)During the time when The child will be taught that hard work is necessary to ________ success.A)bring up
B)bring with C)bring forward
D)bring about I’d like to take _____ of this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation.A)advantage
B)occasion C)benefit
D)profit Most American don’t object _____ them by their first names.A)that I call
B)for calling C)to my calling
D)that I am call Cloze(30points, 1.5 for each)
When we want to _41___ other people what we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many 42 ways.For example, we sometimes move our heads 43 when we want to say “yes”, and we move our heads 44 when we want to say “no”.People, who can ___45__ hear nor speak, talk to each other with the help of their fingers.People who do not understand each other’s language have to do the same.The following story shows 46 they sometimes do it.47 English man who could not speak Italian was 48 traveling in Italy.One day he entered a restaurant and sat 49 a table.When the waiter came, the Englishman opened his mouth, __50___ his fingers into it, 51 them out again and moved his lips.In this way he meant to say, “ 52 me something to eat.” The waiter soon brought him 53 tea.The Englishman 54 his head and the waiter understood that he didn’t want tea, so he took it 55 and brought him 56 coffee.The Englishman was angry.He was just going to leave the restaurant 57another traveler came in.When this man saw the waiter, he 58 his hands on his stomach.That was enough.In 59 minutes there was a large plate of bread and meat 60 his table.41.A)say
B)speak
C)tell
D)talk 42.A)anything
B)another
C)other
D)other 43.A)now and then
B)over and over
C)up and down
D)here and there 44.A)from mouth to mouth
B)from door to door
C)from the masses to the masses
D)from side to side 45.A)not only…but also
B)as well as
C)either
D)neither 46.A)how
B)why
C)what
D)which 47.A)The
B)An
C)A
D)Any 48.A)ever
B)never
C)on
D)once 50.A)laid
B)played
C)put
D)stayed 51.A)took
B)put
C)brought
D)carried 52.A)Bring
B)Took
C)Fetched
D)Carried 53.A)a piece of
B)a packet of
C)a cup of
D)a box of 54.A)shook
B)nodded
C)bent
D)showed 55.A)back
B)away
C)out
D)along 56.A)any
B)some
C)little
D)few 57.A)when
B)where
C)why
D)how 58.A)stood
B)sat
C)made
D)placed 59.A)a few
B)few
C)little
D)a little 60.A)at
B)over
C)under
D)on Reading Comprehension(45 point, 3 for each)One Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services.People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of what they need or want.When they work, they usually get paid in money.Most of the money today is made of metal or paper.But people used to use all kinds of things as money.One of the first kinds of money was shells.Shells were not the only things used as money.In parts of Africa, cattle were one of the earliest kinds of money.Other animals were used as money, too.The first metal coins were made in China.They were round and had a square hole in the center.People strung（系）them together and carried them from place to place.Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money.The first coins in England were made of tin.Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money.Later, other countries began to make coin of gold and silver.But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive.Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money.They began to use paper money.The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than paper money used today.Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.61.Which of the following can be cited as an example of the use of money in exchange for services? A)To sell a bicycle for ＄20 B)To get some money for old books C)To buy things you need or want D)To get paid for your work 62.Where were shells used as money in history? A)In the Philippines.B)In China C)In Africa
D)It is not mentioned 63.Why, according to the passage, did ancient Chinese coins have a square hole in the center? A)Because it would be easier to put them together and carry them around.B)Because it would be lighter for people to carry them from place to place.C)Because people wanted to make it look nicer.D)Because people wanted to save the expensive metal they were made from.64.Why does the author say that even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive? A)Because they are easy to steal.B)Because they are difficult for people to obtain.C)Because they are not easy to carry around.D)Because they themselves are expensive, too.65.Which one do you choose as the best title for this passage? A)Money and Its Uses B)Different Things Used as Money C)Different Countries, Different Money D)The History of Money Two Research has shown that motivation（动机）is very important in learning a language;you need to be enthusiastic about it, and to be interested in it.Different people will have different motives – the desire for promotion, the hope of being able to study abroad, curiosity about a very different culture, and pure intellectual enjoyment is only one of possible motives.But actually wanting to learn is the most important motive of all.Courage is an essential attribute（属性）in learning a language.It takes a lot of courage to speak a foreign language either in front of your friends or to native speakers, but don’t be afraid of making mistakes---that is the way we learn.Nowadays there are many different forms of English, each with its own constructions and accent, and, so long as you can make yourself understood and can understand what is said to you, you have succeeded in communicating, which is the purpose of any language.Curiosity is not only a possible motivation.It is also a great help in your learning.Remember that a language is not just a grammatical system, it is the outcome of a certain culture.It is not very helpful just to learn lots of words and lists of grammatical rules unless you know as much as possible about the background of the language, so that you can understand the ideas which are being conveyed（表达），the references which are being made, and the inferences which can be drawn from the information explicitly（明白地）given.So learn as much as you can about the different cultures which influence English—watch television programs, listen to the radio, try to obtain newspaper and magazines which are written by native speakers, look at advertisements, and above all, read---not textbooks, but novels and poems and plays.They will show you how language is really used.The English language is not an abstract(抽象的)system;it is a living form of expression which derives much of its meaning from the context in which it is used, and much of its effect from a whole network of extra – linguistic（语言学之外的）knowledge.If you live in a country where English is the native language, you acquire this knowledge naturally, just as in China you acquired your own cultural knowledge unconsciously.But, because you are unlikely to be able to visit countries where English is spoken as the native language, you have to make a conscious effort to acquire this cultural awareness and knowledge.66.With what topic is this passage primarily concerned? A)Curiosity in Learning a Language
B)Courage in Learning a Language C)Motivation in Learning a Language
D)Qualities in Learning a Language 67.The author of this passage possibly is a ______.A)beginner of English Learning
B)foreign teacher of English C)Chinese teacher of English
D)Chinese student studying abroad 68.What does the author suggest in this passage? A)You should not learn grammar.B)You should ignore the rules of pronunciation.C)You should learn a language by making mistakes.D)You should learn a language at school 69.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A)You should be prepared to make mistakes in communication B)Words are the basis of English learning C)Good pronunciation is important to an English learner.D)Wanting to know everything does not help you learning a language.70.According to the author, what’s the best way of learning English? A)To study hard
B)To study abroad C)To learning about cultures
D)To make mistakes Three Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction（科幻小说）.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kind of people.Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors（原型）can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books are often concerned with the presentation of some forms of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.Most of classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last one hundred years.Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well – known authors, have been translated into many languages.Modern science fiction writers don’t writes about men from Mars or space adventure stories.They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind;or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection（反映）of the world which we live in now.Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones（含意）.In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超越）science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear – sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to come to terms with a continually changing view of the world.71.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A)Science fiction is fairly new in literature.B)Science fiction is rather popular with people today.C)Science fiction often deals with some form of ideal society.D)Hundreds of books classified as science fiction are printed every year.72.Earliest science fiction was written _____.A)one hundred years ago B)by Jules Verne and H.G.Wells C)to tell people how to imagine future worlds D)hundreds of years ago 73.Modern science fiction writers are interested in_______.A)adventures in space B)some form of ideal world C)future worlds which have nothing in common with our present society D)predicting developments in technology and their effects on society 74.In our present world, _____________________.A)science develops as fast as it is predicted by science fiction writers B)science develops faster than writers can imagine
C)science fiction writers can always foresee what wonders science can do D)Only science fiction writers can see the way science is going 75.Which of the following is NOT the conclusion that we draw from this passage? A)Sensible science fiction writers may tell us what to do in future.B)We are bound to have problems as we try to make progress in science.C)No one knows anything about what to do with the problems we are to face.D)Our view of the world are subject to change.Short Answer(10 points, 2 for each)Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr.Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”.That’s true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning.For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues（独白）as: ”Get up, John!You will be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature－and－energy peak in the evening.Much family quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better.Habit can help, Dr.Kleitmen believes.Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your hour.This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn（呵欠）and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor.Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and takes requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.76.What is Dr.Kleitman’s new explanation?
It is that everyone has _________________________________________________________.77.When is the time your cycle of body temperature is at its peak?
It is ________________________________________________________________________.78.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______________________________________________________________________________.79.You are advised to rise with ________________ because it will help to keep your energy for the day’s work.80.According to the passage, does the peak come to people at the same time? ______________________________________________________________________________.Writing(25 points)（根据以下三点提示，写一篇不少于100个英文单词的短文）In Face of Soaring Book Prices 如今书价越来越高
我们应付昂贵书价的一些方法 希望书价越来越便宜 2005 年专升本英语答案
1—10 CAACC
CDDBD
11—20 CCCCB
DCBDD 21—30 BCAAD
BBADC 31—40 CCBBD CCDAC 41—50 CCCDD ABDBC
51--60AACAB BADAD 61—70 CDACD DBCAC
71—75 ADDBC
76.daily energy circle.77.when you feel most energetic.78.get up earlier than usual.79.a yawn and stretch.80.No, it doesn’t
In Face of Soaring Book Price（05年作文）
大学英语专升本 篇7
关键词：英语学习,动机,新建本科院校,专升本学生
动机被语言学家认为在第二语言学习 (L2) 中起着至关重要的作用。它直接影响着学习者对待语言学习的态度和行为。长久以来有关L2学习动机的问题一直受到研究者们的关注。我国有关第二语言学习动机的研究始于上世纪80年代, 研究对象多针对国内各个高校院校内专业或非专业的大学本科生。但是近年来随着我国高等教育事业的蓬勃发展, 一批新建的本科院校应运而生。作为高校队伍中一支年轻的地方性全日制教学型本科大学, 新建本科院校的高等教育办学底子薄弱, 办学历史短, 加之其生源质量相对较差, 大部分学生英语基础不好或缺少良好英语学习习惯, 大学英语教学在起点和目标之间存在很大差距;同时, 由于新建本科院校外语教学硬件设施起步较晚, 大学英语教师队伍数量、质量有待提高, 外语教学氛围尚不浓厚, 使大学英语教学面临诸多严峻挑战。而新建本科院校内专升本学生的英语水平更是良莠不齐, 面对这一现状, 教师该如何才能有效地激发他们的学习动机成为当前的一个重要问题。
一、研究问题与研究方法
(一) 研究问题
此研究的目的是为了找出新建本科院校内非英语专升本学生英语学习动机的类型和影响他们学习动机的因素, 从而提供一些激发专升本学生英语学习动机的策略。
(二) 研究方法
作者采用定量与定性研究相结合的方法进行了本次研究。定量研究中的问卷采用李克特量表形式, 根据由高一虹教授编制的大学生英语学习动机问卷设置的42道与英语学习动机相关的问题对作者所在的新建本科院校内107名非英语专业专升本学生的英语学习动机类型及动机强度进行调查, 并采用SPSS19.0对所收集的数据进行了分析。作者运用KMO (Kaisar-Meyer-Olkin) 和巴特利特球形检验来检验原有变量是否具有相关性, 是否适合做因子分析。作者运用SPSS19.0分析得出KMO=0.692, Bartlett’s=1400.062, 球形检验显著自由度为0.435, 显著性 (sig) 0.000, 为明显显著, 表明问卷中42个题目适合做因子分析。定性分析采用的是对教师和学生访谈的形式。
二、研究结果
(一) 定量分析
在本研究的定量分析中, 作者运用正交旋转法 (Varimax) 和主成分分析法 (Principal Components Analysis) 归纳因子。运用正交旋转方法自然归类得出10个因子 (特征值大于1) , 累积解释总变差的71.455%, 并经过尝试分析, 最终确定提取七个因子, 累积解释原有变量总方差的60.727%。七个因子能够反映绝大多数变量信息。通过对问卷的研究分析, 作者得到了七种, 分别是:内在兴趣, 成绩, 个人发展, 学习情境, 社会责任, 信息媒介和出国。这一研究结果显示新建本科院校非英语专业专升本学生的学习动机类型与中国大学本科生英语学习动机类型基本相似。
通过运用SPSS19.0软件进行了比较平均数的分析后, 作者得出以下结论:
对英语语言本身以及英语学习, 女生比男生更感兴趣, 来自农村的学生比来自城市的学生更感兴趣, 英语水平高的学生比水平低的学生更感兴趣, 同时他们也付出更多的努力。另外, 本研究表明学生所学的专业对于他们的英语学习动机影响不大。而影响新建本科院校内非英语专业专升本学生英语学习动机的主要因素有:个人因素, 家庭因素, 社会因素和学习情境因素。
(二) 定性分析
在定性分析种, 作者对其所在新建本科院校的3名教授专升本学生的教师和10名专升本学生进行了访谈。所有访谈都是在课间和周末休息时间进行的。在对访谈内容进行了整理分析后, 作者发现了属于新建本科院校非英语专业专升本学生特有的动机类型, 即需求尊重和平等待遇的动机。
三、关于如何激发专升本学生英语学习动机的建议
在上述研究的基础上, 作者结合国内外动机理论和对教师和学生的访谈结果以及任教以来的自身经验就如何激励新建本科院校内非英语专业专升本学生英语学习策略提出了几点建议。
(一) 激发学生的内在兴趣
爱因斯坦曾说过:“兴趣是最好的老师。”这也就是说一个人一旦对某事物产生了内在的兴趣, 就会主动去探索、去实践, 并在探索和实践的过程中产生愉快的情绪和体验, 所以古今中外的教育家无不重视兴趣在学习中所产生的作用。在英语教学中, 老师也应当注重培养学生对英语学习的内在兴趣, 而非是照本宣科的向学生宣读教材内容。教师应打破传统的授课模式, 设计好课堂授课环节, 采用更加新颖的教学方法, 并适当多介绍与学生所学专业相关性较强的知识, 从而使学生能够学以致用;此外, 教师应充分利用网络的优势, 向学生多介绍西方的文化背景, 风土人情以及最新发生的新闻时事。
(二) 提升学生的自信心
在本研究中作者发现, 很大部分专升本学生由于高考的失利没能进入理想中的大学学习, 所以他们很多人缺乏自信心, 对于大学本科阶段的英语学习他们也没有像本科生一样表现出很高的学习热情。面对这种情况, 教师应正确引导学生, 使其把高考失利的原因归结为努力不够, 而非是没有能力;教师在课堂活动设计时, 应尽量照顾到每个学生, 让学生都能加入到课堂活动中, 使其认识到自己的价值, 从而提升学生的自信心。
(三) 帮助学生树立合理的学习目标
合理的学习目标可以帮助学生有效地完成学习任务, 这在大学英语学习中也不例外。在此调查中, 很多学生表示学英语是必修课———不学不行, 也有人表示学英语是为了取悦家长, 还有人表示学英语是为了顺利拿到四级证书和毕业证书, 有了这些将来他们才能顺利找到工作。面对学生种种英语学习的目的, 教师应予以正确的疏导, 要引导学生为自身的长远发展而学习, 并帮助学生制定合理的学习计划, 带领学生为实现自己的目标而努力。
参考文献
[1]Dornyei, Z.Motivation and Motivating in the Foreign Language Classroom[J].Modern Language Journal, 1994.
[2]Dornyei, Z.Teaching and Researching Motivation[M].Malaysia:Pearson Education Limited, 2001.
[3]高一虹.中国大学本科生英语学习动机类型[J].现代外语, 2003.
[4]高一虹, 程英, 赵媛, 周燕.英语学习动机类型与动机强度的关系—对大学本科生的定量考察[J].外语研究, 2003.
大学英语专升本 篇8
关键词：职业取向；中升本；课程内容体系
引言：2014年6月，国务院印发《关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》，全面部署加快发展现代职业教育。提出“到2020年，形成适应发展需求、产教深度融合、中职高职衔接、职业教育与普通教育相互沟通，体现终身教育理念，具有中国特色、世界水平的现代职业教育体系”。 打通从中职、专科、本科到研究生的上升通道。引导一批普通本科高校向应用技术型高校转型。沈阳工程学院作为新生本科院校面临着向应用技术型大学的转型。
一、中升本英语教学现状
作为大学公共英语课程一个重要组成部分，中升本英语课程普遍存在于众多本科院校。然而，这些院校的中升本英语教学多数沿袭了传统的大学英语教学模式和课程体系。英语教学基本都还停留在公共基础教育教学阶段：重语言基础教学，轻语言技能传授，忽略职业能力培养；课程体系不完善，专业倾向不突出。此外，选用的教材也缺乏针对性，没有充分考虑学校培养目标定位、学生个体差异以及不同专业的职业需求等因素。这些都与职业教育特点以及新形势下社会对中职本毕业生的英语能力要求不相适应。以沈阳工程学院为例，从近两年对中升本学生的问卷调查中发现，虽然我校的定位是“工程教育、职业取向”。也制定了应用型本科的人才培养方案和中升本英语教学大纲，但在高校转型的大形势下，中升本英语教学的职业特色不突出、课程体系基本上沿袭了高起本大学英语课程体系，四个学期的大学英语课程全部设置为基础英语，这使其在实际教学中出现了以下几个方面的问题：具体表现为以下几点：
（1）课程目标不够清晰合理：对于中升本学生英语基础差，职业需求明显的特点所制定的课程目标不够清晰合理。多数院校没有把培养学生英语综合应用能力作为中升本大学英语教学的目标和中心任务；（2）教材内容缺乏针对性，职业特色不明显。内容以课文和根据课文中的词汇、句型而编写的练习为主，缺少与专业、行业相关的素材，缺少贴近学生专业量身定做的教材；（3）教学方法与手段单一，教师按部就班按教材结构顺序和内容进行课堂教学，将大部分时间用于讲解知识点和翻译等练习，专业英语课基本由各系具有一定英语基础的专业教师执教，逐句翻译文章内容，缺乏专业知识与英语的有机整合；（4）评价方法单一，最主要的测试形式是对大学英语基础课程以书面考试形式进行评估，内容以基础知识为主，对听力和口语进行测试的较少；没有开展英语实践教学评估；（5）语言学习环境较差，多媒体语言实验室或基于网络的自主学习中心等现代化教学设备配置不足，丰富多彩的英语活动开展不多，有利于语言学习的校园和课室环境创设不够。针对上述问题和现状，研究如何在课程设置、课程结构、课时安排、师资培养等方面进行改革创新，构建合理的中升本英语课程内容体系，实现从中职到应用技术本科的无缝对接势在必行。
二、中职英语课程内容体系改革方案
沈阳工程学院是我省23所中职升本对接院校之一，2014年中升本招生人数为300人。同时，已经开展了3年以上的中升本大学英语教学。因此，以沈阳工程学院为个案研究并实施以职业取向为导向中职升本大学英语课程内容体系改革，研究结果会比较客观，具有一定的代表性。同时，在现有调查研究基础上，对省内3-4所中职升本对接院校的中升本大学英语课堂教学和实践教学现状进行调查，同时，进一步了中升本学生的职业需求。包括：学生现有英语水平和能力，对于英语学习的兴趣及动机；教学内容、教学方法、教材使用以及课程评价；了解省内部分院校中升本学生的职业需求，在此基础上探讨职业取向和课程体系之间的内在关系。根据前期理论学习和对省内中升本大学英语教学现状的调查，研究并实施课程体系改革。理论结合实践，将理论研究的成果运用于教学实践并通过教学实践不断对理论进行修正，调整改革方向。
三、中职英语课程内容体系改革内容
（一）课程目标方面。现代课程论认为，确定目标是课程体系中最为关键的环节。结合当前形势，中升本大学英语课程目标应进一步明确为：传授必要的基础知识，有针对性地对学生进行英语基本技能的训练，强化对学生实际应用英语能力特别是听说能力的培养，使学生能基本适应日常交际和职业活动需要，并掌握正确的学习策略，形成继续学习的能力，提高人文素养，为今后学习和职业生涯打下扎实的基础。在具体实施中，应处理好基础与应用的关系，根据学生实际把握好尺度，要把培养学生英语综合应用能力作为中升本大学英语课程教学的中心任务。
（二）课程内容方面。围绕职业能力核心，在进行中升本大学英语课程内容体系设置时应确保各项能力目标都有相应课程或课程模块。课程增设职场英语和行业英语课程，培养学生的专业能力、社会能力和方法能力，为学生和专业服务。课程按内容可划分为基础英语类、行业英语类和语言应用类和语言文化类四个模块。
基础英语类：基础课程（大学基础英语），属于面向大学一年级学生的课程，重视语言基础教学和基本技能训练，侧重听说能力培养。行业英语类：通用职场英语以及学生专业方面的英语课程（食品英语、经贸英语、财经英语等），属于面向大学二年级学生的课程，目的是在巩固学生语言技能的基础上，结合专业领域和行业发展方向培养学生运用英语进行交际的能力。在职场英语阶段应让学生在有一定英语语言知识和语言运用能力的基础上逐步接触职场英语基础知识。同时，逐渐提高学生阅读、翻译、写作、收发信函、处理涉外事务的能力；在行业英语阶段，主要开设行业英语类课程，这一阶段应处理好职场英语与行业英语的有效衔接，让学生逐步接触专业基础知识。语言应用类：应用性英语课程（外贸函电、应用文写作等），让学生掌握日常交际和职业所必备的技能，以满足社会需要；语言文化类：文化素质、人文素质课程（中西方文化、英美文学、影视欣赏等），让学生拓宽知识面，理解中西方文化的主要差异，可贯穿英语学习过程始终。
基础英语类、行业英语类、语言应用类课程模块从低级到高级呈梯形结构，与中升本大学英语课程教学要求的两个层次（一般要求和较高要求）相对应，每个等级培养目标各有侧重，且分别面向相应水平层次学生，从而能够满足个性化教学之需要。从课程形式上看，分为必修课和选修课，一般情况下，必修课应包括基础英语类课程、行业英语类、语言应用类课程，选修课主要包括语言文化类课程和学生兴趣需要方面的课程。
最终形成基础英语（必修）+职场英语（必修）+行业英语（必修）+英语素质拓展（选修）的四位一体的英语课程模块结构。
（三）教学方法模式方面。第一，教师应采取多种方法促进教学双向互动，根据英语听、说、读、写、译等不同任务要求采取不同教学方法，选择较合适的教学方法来调动学生学习积极性和主动性，同时在基础教学中要把听、说作为贯穿始终的教学方法和教学目标。第二，改变传统教学模式。在课程组织上应考虑学生兴趣爱好，采取更为灵活、更易让学生接受的方式，做到课内与课外相结合、理论与实践相结合，尽量使内容丰富多彩、形式精彩纷呈，并兼顾不同层次学生。第三，以“实用为主、够用为度”为原则，强化实践教学。一是课堂上加大实践训练特别是听力和口语训练频度和强度，二是充分利用语音室、网络化英语语言训练平台、网络教学平台等教学资源开展实践教学，不断提高学生实际运用英语能力。第四，积极开发隐性课程。开展丰富多彩校园文化活动，精心创设课内与课外、校内和校外英语语言情境，使学生在身临其境的氛围中提高学习成绩。第五，培养学生的学习策略和人文素养。在教学过程中，注重对学生学习策略培养，使他们掌握语言学习基本规律和方法，从而获得终身学习能力，以适应职业生涯需要。
（四）课程评价方面。首先要改变以书面考试为主的单一评价方式，尽快将反映学生语言能力的口语和听力纳入评价范围，采取形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方式，实行“学习态度+ 平时成绩+ 听力测试+ 口语测试+ 笔试”相结合的评价方式。从长远看，应以能力为标准，将学生、教师、企业、家长、教育部门等纳入评估系统，从学习者和工作场所反应、学习效果、学生上岗适应性、生产技术发展对课程认可等方面，对课程质量进行监督和评估。
（五）教材、师资建设方面。教材是教学内容和课程体系改革的集中体现，教师是课程的具体组织者和实施者，二者都是课程体系建设的重点，是影响课程开设质量的重要因素。教材和师资建设应同步进行。教材的选择或设计要符合职业能力培养的总体要求，尤其是人才知识、能力、素质结构调整的整体走向。应选用能满足教学大纲、培养目标、社会需求、学生层次和最适合时代、最贴近生活，实用性、操作性较强的教材，必要时学校可组织教师有针对性地根据本校专业情况选编与各专业相关的教学材料，作为补充教材使用。为了实现基础英语与行业英语的有机衔接，应在基础英语教材中体现与学生专业行业相关的内容。学校可鼓励、促使不同课程英语教师间及与专业课教师间的合作、交流，共同研究解决基础英语、行业英语与专业教学的衔接问题，以实现优势互补，促进双师型英语教师队伍的成长。
结语：如何落实职业教育“工学结合”和“培养实用型人才”的教育理念是我们这类转型院校人才培养工作面临巨大的挑战。作为现代职业教育体系的一个重要组成部分，中升本教育的目的是培养高级应用型技术人才。在这种形势下，中升本大学英语教学必须坚持以就业为导向，以提高人才质量为目的，以职业能力和职业素质为核心，在了解学生实际需求和社会需求的基础上做好大学英语教改工作。
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