导游辞

导游辞（精选6篇）

导游辞 篇1

这次的行程到这里马上就要结束了，尽管我和司机师傅一直在竭尽全力的为大家服务，但还是会存在许多不尽如人意的地方，还请大家多多原谅，多多包涵!在大家的配合和支持下，使我们的行程得以圆满的结束，在这里要谢谢大家~

人说“前世的五百次回眸才换来今生的一次相遇。”我们能够相处三天，相信我们不仅仅是五百次的回眸吧!这说明我们有缘，上天注定了我们前世今生的相遇相识。

三天的时间虽然很短，但却和大家建立了深厚的友谊，让我见识了作为一个集体的凝聚力和团队精神，也领略到了在座各位的个人风采：这两位大姐的超群舞艺(不记得姓名)；这三位大姐的善解人意(标准间加一床)；小田的动人歌声；小林的恢谐幽默；卢站的认真负责(领队)、独特的笑声以及专业的美声唱法，都给我留下了深刻的印象。跟其中的一些人还留了q号和电话，说实话，认识你们是我这次出团最大的收获!

有人把旅游用四句话概括了一下，说：上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景点拍照，回去啥也不知道。我希望我们不要这样，回去至少我们可以和家里人说说白洋淀美丽的荷花，打水仗的开心和疯狂，狠毒的蚊子，坐小木船的惬意以及雨中的西柏坡。。。

在这里我们就要分开了，但希望我们能够保持联系，大家有事没事的可以到我们公司坐坐，至少来看看我这个老朋友。希望我们快乐之行旅行社带给大家的不仅仅是三天的快乐，更希望这种快乐延续到大家生命中的每一个角落。

有句话说“天下无不散之宴席”，要分开了，心中有着太多的不舍，但我想只是暂时的，期待着与大家的再次合作。最后，祝大家在以后的生活工作中，心想事成，万事如意!

导游辞 篇2

“两坝一峡一日游”是宜昌市旅游局专为游客了解三峡工程、葛洲坝工程、回味原生态三峡而设计的旅游精品线路。这条旅游线路指的是宜昌市境内从三峡大坝至葛洲坝中间长达37公里的长江西陵峡东段。应宜昌市旅游局之邀,湖北三峡职业技术学院旅游管理学院部分教师编写了该线路的导游辞,笔者也有幸参与,以下以“两坝一峡一日游”为例分析导游辞创作的三层境界。

唐代著名诗人王昌龄在《诗格》中把古典诗歌的品性划分为三层境界,即物境、情境、意境。此三境由实渐虚,物境可见,情境可感,至于意境,则必须思悟而后得,这也是三重艺术审美的境界。在导游辞的创作中,物境为实,是景区景物客观的物质存在,可以用导游辞直接描述并被游客体验与感知;情境、意境为虚,导游辞对景区内涵的挖掘和导游人员合适的表达方能使游客得到体验和感知。

一、物境——-导游辞的创作素材

景区景物是客观存在的物境,也是导游辞创作的素材。素材需要有去伪存真的过程,这样导游辞方能准确的反映客观实际。导游辞中出现的每个数字、每个年代、每个人物都需要进行考证和核实。

譬如,在“葛洲坝水利枢纽工程”的导游辞的创作过程中,对于其一、二号船闸下闸首人字门宽度就经历了考证与纠错。旧版导游辞中是这样介绍人字门的:“上、下闸首工作门均采用人字门,其中一、二号船闸下闸首人字门每扇宽9.7米、高34米、厚27米,质量约600吨,约等于2个篮球场的面积。”在对资料的整理过程中发现了导游辞的矛盾所在,标准篮球场尺寸规格为15米*28米,这与人字门的9.7米*34米的面积并不符合。经过多方核实后确认正确的尺寸为“19.7米*34米”,而“约等于2个篮球场”的这一说法也是不准确的。

二、情境——-导游辞的创作核心

“情境”即主观感情之境,在了解周边景观的基础上可用故事、诗歌等形式来说明景物背后的内涵、哲理、文化等,表达出导游辞的中心思想,也表现了创作者对导游辞中所讲解景点的基本认识、理解、评价。情境是导游辞创作的第二境界,也是导游辞的创作核心。

(一)情境决定了导游辞的文化与审美

美学家叶朗认为:旅游的本质就是一种审美活动。离开了审美,就谈不上什么旅游。作为一种审美活动,旅游的意义在于发掘美,但是由于旅游者自身的诸多限制导致无法从更多的角度去欣赏美。在这种情况下,导游辞在旅游审美活动中所扮演的作用就十分重要了。这就要求导游辞在达到物境的基础上,对景区的文化与审美价值进行挖掘,使导游辞达到情境的层面。

如在“宜昌大撤退纪念园”景区导游辞中在阐述了“宜昌大撤退”这一历史事件蕴含的民族精神。“山川不泯英雄气,日月长存民族魂。相信大家在了解宜昌大撤退的历史和意义之后,都会被宜昌人民在民族危机时刻救亡图存,舍身为国,不怕牺牲的爱国主义精神所感动,这也是宜昌政府修建纪念园的意义所在,使之既成为告慰先辈英灵的不朽丰碑,也成为后人的永恒纪念。”这段导游辞有力的挖掘出纪念园的思想内涵,以爱国主义为主题弘扬了时代精神。

(二)情境主题的取舍决定导游辞的价值高低

情境的主题有深浅、新旧、正误之别,也决定了一篇导游辞的价值高低。导游辞的情境表达了创作者对景观历史文化价值、艺术观赏价值和科学研究价值的评价,也体现了创作者的政治理想和审美情绪。因此,对导游辞情境的主题要有取舍,错误的、庸俗的、过时的主题要舍弃。

如在“世外桃源景区”的导游辞中对于王昭君的评价上大胆舍弃了杜甫、李白、王安石等诗人对其出塞之举的悲苦感叹,选用了出塞和亲,促进民族团结的历史功绩的赞颂。“1963年,时任国家副主席的董必武考察内蒙古,在呼和浩特市南郊的王昭君墓园挥笔写下:昭君自有千秋在,胡汉和亲识见高。词客各摅胸臆懑,舞文弄墨总徒劳。董老站在历史和国家的高度充分肯定了昭君和亲的识见精神,他认为昭君和亲是一种站在民族和国家利益的高度作出的义举,自然会千古永存,成为千百年来流芳民间的佳话。”该段导游辞通过鲜明且符合时代发展的主题提高了导游辞的境界。

三、意境——-导游辞创作的灵魂

“意境”即客观物境与主观情境的融和,随境生情,境情融合。导游辞意境的营造需要抓住景观的特征,需要将情感融入其中,更需要优美的文字。一般在导游辞结语部分适合营造意境,促使游客体验情感,产生共鸣,让游客能产生积极向上、乐观健康的心境。

如在介绍“川江航道”的导游辞中:“可以想象,在这江面上、悬崖边,摇摇欲坠的栈道上,代代纤夫走着同一条纤夫路,纤夫路是川江水运艰险的见证。三峡工程蓄水后,纤夫路和川江航道留下的艰辛与血泪一起永远沉入了江底。如今的川江三峡航道,江面风平浪稳,水流平缓,船只畅行无阻,如履平川。”游客在导游辞的引导下既感受到“蜀道难,难于上青天”的过去,又欣慰于“高峡出平湖”的今天,该段导游词境情交融,引人回味。

东湖磨山导游辞 篇3

尊敬的游客朋友们：

大家好！非常欢迎您在丹桂飘香的金秋十月来到我们美丽的江城武汉，我是您此次灵秀湖北，武汉之行的导游员XX，非常荣幸能够为您提供导游讲解服务。

东湖之美，美在之大，32.8平方公里的水域面积，湖区港汊纵横，有“九十九湾”之称。东湖之美还在于湖边有山，山湖相依，相得益彰。尤其是绵延南部湖中磨山。

今天我们将要前往的目的地是武汉东湖风景区之一的磨山景区，它也是目前中国最大的楚文化公园。

磨山，又名磨儿山，东西长约2200米，南北宽约500米，民间有“十里长湖，八里磨山”之说。磨山景区分为植物专类园区和楚文化游览区。今天因为时间关系，我们将要参观的是位于磨山以北的楚文化游览区。接下来就请大家随我一起走进楚城，一同来感受博大精深的荆楚文化。

来到楚文化游览区，首先映入眼帘的就是这座气势雄伟、古朴端庄的楚城门了。暗红色的沙石砌成的墙体，坚固厚重、饱经沧桑，一下子把我们带回了2500年前。春秋战国时期，诸侯割据，战火连天，各个诸侯国纷纷修建坚固的城墙来巩固自己的势力范围，一方面充分的体现出诸侯国的经济实力和军事实力，同时也体现了当地的建筑特色。楚国作为春秋战国时期的春秋五霸和战国七雄，国家的军事和经济实力都是非常雄厚的，我们眼前看到的这座楚城就是融合了历代楚城的精华之所在，充分体现了楚国建筑高台耸立，依山傍水的建筑特色。大家请看，这一大两小三个门洞，一定给你一种非常新奇的感觉，而更令人惊奇的就是这城墙上高高耸立的望楼。中间的望楼不高，而两边的望楼却直冲云霄，与中间低矮的望楼形成了鲜明的对比。城门的墙体像一双伸开的手臂向左右两边延伸，一边延伸至湖中，在湖中设一独特的水门，方便船只自由通行，而另一端则沿着山势攀援而上，形成了一段古朴的城墙。

这座设计新颖独特的城门一定让您打开眼界吧。其实啊，它是按照楚国郢都纪南城的城门设计的。楚国历史近800年，从公元前689年楚文王始郢都，到公元前278年亲将白起拔郢，除期间楚昭王一度迁都外楚国在纪南城建都约400年。在楚国近800多年的历史长河中，楚文化以其独具一格，自成一体，博大精深的特点与黄河流域的宗周文化，一同组成了先秦灿烂的华夏文化，成为了中华文化不可或缺的一部分。

一般来说大家出门旅游看到的南京、西安、以及八达岭的城墙基本上都为青色砖体。但是为什么我们楚国的城墙却要设计成暗红色呢？在广泛的查阅了楚国的考古资料之后，我们不难发现，楚国人非常的崇尚红色。历代楚王的朝服为红色，华美的宫殿用红彩装饰，就连楚国的漆器也无一例外的用红色着色。这些都充分的体现出了楚民族自古以来就是一个崇尚红色，生性浪漫而张扬的民族。

接下来，我们来看一下城门，一般大家见过最多的城门都是一个门道。但是我们的楚国城门却有一大两小三个门道。为什么会这样的呢？《晏子春秋》里曾记载过这么一个故事，齐国的宰相晏婴出使楚国，楚王嫌他身材矮小，为了羞辱他，便故意让她从旁边的小门通过。晏婴机智过人，说道“如果我出使的是狗国，我就从狗洞里钻，但是我出使的是像楚国这样大的国家，怎能从狗洞里钻呢？”楚王听了觉得非常惭愧，便打开了大门恭请晏婴使楚。通过这段优美的对话，楚国的城门在历史上的确是有大小之分的。除此之外，这水门也是楚城门又一特色。考古工作者在研究楚都纪南城的时候也发现了水门，这是在当时所有诸侯国中仅有的。因为楚国郢都为南方城市，河流众多，为了方便战船和商船的自由通行，故特地设有这座水门。这也充分体现了楚国建筑临水的特点。

穿过楚城门，经过楚市，映入您眼帘就是这凤标了,又名楚凤标。它是磨山风景区的标志性建筑之一。您看这两只高约8米的巨型凤雕，尖嘴带钩，脚踏猛虎，一幅展翅欲飞的样子，显得矫健异常。而凤尾部的长羽似乎是被两边的微风轻轻拂起，形成了一个的凤尾拱门的形状。最令人叫绝的是这凤尾拱门将楚凤标与其身后巍然屹立于磨山之巅的楚天台形成的绝佳的借景效应。

双凤共用了15.8吨青铜铸成。说到这可能有人可能就会问了，这楚凤标为何选择用青铜作为原料呢？我们都知道，当年大禹治水后将天下分九州，铸九鼎，鼎作为传国重器，是国家和权力的象征。春秋时楚庄王北伐，向周天子的使者王孙满询问九鼎的重量。王孙满答道：“统治天下在乎德而不在乎鼎。周德虽衰，天命未改。鼎之轻重，未可问也。”庄王很不服气地说：“你不要依仗有九鼎，我们楚国有的是铜，楚国折钩之喙，足以铸九鼎。”这可不是我们庄王说大话，因为据考证，春秋战国时期，在我们楚地的铜绿山古铜矿中，冶炼出来的青铜就达了40多万吨。所以我们的设计师便特意的用青铜来铸造双凤，让游客能够更加深刻的感受我们浓郁的楚风楚韵。

我们眼前这对脚踏猛虎的双凤，其形象是则来自于楚墓中一种的乐器叫作虎座鸟架鼓。这种乐器以两只卧虎为底座，在虎背上各自站立一只长腿昂首的鸣凤，并将一面大鼓用红绳悬挂于凤冠之上。这可是在我们楚墓中所出土的特有的一种乐器形象。凤，代表楚民族精神，而虎一直被认为是百兽之王，凤踏猛虎，不仅是楚国对尚武精神的一种表现，同时也喻示着楚民族不屈不挠，实现民族腾飞的美好愿望。

透过凤标，大家看到这个雄伟的建筑就是楚天台了，它是参照楚灵王时的行宫-章华台的遗址而修建的，说到章华台，这里啊又有一个小故事。据说灵王有一个非常奇怪的癖好，就是好细腰，他自己是细腰不说，他还对细腰的大臣非常喜爱，许多人为了得到灵王的厚爱都节食束腰，以致后来许多人都饿死了，所以在民间又有“灵王好细腰，国人多饿死”这种说法，章华台也因此被称为细腰宫，也就是从那个时候起，一直到现在，湖北一带仍以苗条为美著称。在春秋时期，楚国人的建筑以“台”为最，“章”、“华”二字都是古代视为华美、吉祥的象征，因此章华台变成为楚人最为骄傲的建筑，而且会修建在很高的地方。据说有一次楚王宴请宾客，在章华台上大摆宴席，那知客人爬上章华台就休息了三次，所以章华台又名“三休台”。

今天我们来到东湖的磨山，一路上经过了楚城门、楚市、楚才园和楚天台，感受到的是先秦时期博大精深的楚文化。

那么现在我们来朱碑亭，让我们一起登高远眺，感受一下大东湖的气魄以及深厚的文化底蕴吧。来到这，有的朋友就会问了，这里问为什么叫做朱碑亭呢？

1954年，我们敬爱的朱德老总来到到东湖，当他登上磨山，俯瞰整片东湖的美景时，不经感叹到：东湖暂让西湖好，今后将比西湖强！西湖之美美在隽秀，美在她浪漫的爱情故事，在那里我们会想到许仙白娘子、梁祝、苏小小。而东湖自古以来就不像西湖，没有那么多的文人吟咏，没有那么多的帝王楼台，一切天然去雕饰。

大家请看这座朱碑亭，它为两层连廊式建筑，亭子上还悬挂着郭沫若先生亲自题写的“朱碑亭”三个字。下面的楹联上还雕刻着许多美丽的兰花。众所周知，朱德老总生前非常喜欢兰花，他认为花中四君子之一的兰花不仅仅是一种花，更是中国古老传统文化的象征。

经常会有很多游客问我：中国那么多的名川湖泊，朱德老总为什么会对东湖这么钟情呢？还把东湖跟西湖相比，给予东湖这么高的评价？

下面啊，我们就从这里一起来寻找答案吧。

大家请看我们眼前的这片湖，它曾经是中国最大的城中淡水湖。毛主席生前曾经先后44次来过武汉，就居住在东湖附近的东湖宾馆，据不完全统计，他曾经在这里接待见过64个国家的94批客人，其中接见次数最多的就是当时朝鲜民主共和国主席。

灵秀的东湖景色优美，景观别致，大大小小的景点超过了1000之多。东湖湖岸线曲折，素有99湾之称，环湖34座山峰，其中最高的是华中科技大学所在的瑜家山，海拔149米，最长的就是我们现在所在的磨山，绵延2.5公里，植被覆盖率为60%以上，堪称为天然氧吧。

东湖植被丰富，花卉繁多。东湖梅园是中国四大梅园之一，1200亩的梅园，309种梅花争奇斗艳，是中国梅花研究中心的所在地。东湖樱园占地150亩，5000珠樱花竞吐芬芳，它与日本的弘前樱花园、美国华盛顿樱花园并称为“世界三大城市樱花园”。“月月有节，季季有花”就是我们磨山的魅力所在。这里每天都会举办声势浩大的梅花节、樱花节、荷花节、还有屈原文化节等等主题活动，吸引了众多的中外游客，让人流连忘返。

好了，各位游客朋友到这里关于东湖磨山的讲解就到此结束了，接下来给大家一个小时的自由活动时间，一个小时后我们在磨山东门集合。

北京颐和园英文导游辞 篇4

Out side the East Gate-side the East Gate –in front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity-in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmony-in front of the Grand Theater Building-a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples-in front of the o Jade Ripples-in front of the Yiyunguan(Chamber of Mortal Being)-Hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Chamber of Mortal Beings)-Hall of Happiness and Longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon)Gate of the Long Corridor-strolling along the Long Corridor-visiting an exhibition of cultural relics-in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds-inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds-atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense-inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest –outside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street-atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street-on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat-in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the Kunming Lake-leaving out through the East Gate.

(Out side the east gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the Summer palace.(After the self-introduction of the guide-interpreter)I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you.During our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.The construction of the Summer palace first started in 1750.At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories.The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong.With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday.After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements.In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan(Garden of perfection and Brightness)by Angol-French allied forces.In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer palace).Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.This is the main entrance to the Summer palace-the East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means “Garden of Nurtured Harmony” , whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu.The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother.All others used the side doors.(Inside the East Gate)

the Summer palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three-fourths consists of a lake and rivers.This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest.The layout of the Summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas.Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters.Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters.The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity.Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters.The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in Jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden.On the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as Qilin or Xuanni.It was said to the one of the nine sons of Dragon King.A point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin.IT was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity.This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity.It was built in 1750 , and was known as the Hall of Industrious Government.Emperor Qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them.After the rebuilding of the Summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives.The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched.In the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs.In the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons.On either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of Luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire.The small chambers on eight side were where the Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions.On the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions.They are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs.Also on the veranda are Tai ping(peace)bronze water vats made during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.As a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.(At the entrance of Garden of Virtuous Harmony)

we are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Beijing Opera performances.IT mainly consists of the Dressing House, The Grand Theater Building and the Hall of pleasure smiles.The grand Theater Building known as the “Cradle of Beijing Opera” was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated.On September 10, 1984, the Garden of Virtuous Harmony opened its doors to visitors.There are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.The staff here put up court dresses of Qing Dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages.All of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top.A well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage.There are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface.The underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible.Of the three main theater building of the Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and the largest.The other two are Changyin(Fluent Voice)pavilion in Chengde, an imperial summer resort.The building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of Beijing opera: since the completion of the Grand Theater Building, many performances were held in it in honor of the Empress Dowager Cixi.(A lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall of Jade Ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall of Benevolent and longevity.It appears that there` s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake.This is a application of a specific style of Chinese gardening.Not far away in the lake there is a islet.It is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery.The pavilion on the islet is called Zhichun(Understanding Spring)pavilion and is chardcterized by four-edged, multiple eaved roofs.(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the Hall of jade Ripples.It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs.IT was also where Emperor Guangxu of the late Qing dynasty was kept under house arrest.This hall is a hallmark of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guanxu was Empress Dowager Cixi` s nephew.After Emperor Tongzhi died, Empress Dowager Cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes.When Emperor Guanxu was 19 years old ,Empress Dowager Cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws.The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi.The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.The wall remains intact for tourists to see..Dynasty while reforming outdated laws.The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi.The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years.All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard.Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs.The wall remains intact for tourists to see.(In front of Yiyunguan(Chamber of Mortal Beings)

this was where Empress and empress dowager of China` s feudal system.However, Emperor Guanxu was not the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.The last in the line was Emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married.In 1912, he was forced to abdicate.During the short reign of Emperor puyi.Empress Longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of Empress Dowager.In 1911, a revolution led by Dr.Sun Yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, Empress Longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of China.(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

the aged empress Dowager Cixi was so fond of the Summer palace that she decided to live here from April through October of every year.This group of buildings served as her residence.This group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side.The whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting.With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hall of Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient.No wonder one of Empress Dowager Cixi` s pleasure boat.On the pier there is a tall lantern post.Flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace.The interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle.At mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and Empress Dowager Cixi would dine on 128 courses.Because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals.On the east side of the Living Room is the Cloak Room.The bedroom in on its west.In front of the yaoyue(Inviting the Moon)Gate of the Long Corridor

The famed Long Corridor is ahead.Facing Kunming lake and in the foreground of Longevity Hill, the Long Corridor stretches from Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon)Gate to Shizhang(Stony Old Man)pavilion.IT is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions.In 1990 ,it was listed in Guinness Book of World Records.(In the front of the Tower of Buddhist Incense)

An octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the Tower of Buddhist Incense is the very center of the Summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient Chinese architecture.The tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs.With its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the Tower of Buddhist Incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it.The Tower overlooks Kunming Lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers.On the west side of the Tower stands Baoyunge(precious Cloud pavilion).IT is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight.It resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail.It is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in China.Lamas prayed here during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families.At the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad.In 1992 an American company bought the windows and returned them intact to China.(On a hilltop leading from the back door of Tower of Buddhist Incense)

Now we can see the long and snaking Western Causeway and a shorter dike that divides Kunming Lake into three areas that contain South Lake Island, Seaweed-viewing Island and circle city island.The three island represent three mountain in ancient Chinese mythology, i.e.penglai, Fangzhang and Yingzhou.This peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity.As the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands.Using artificial building techniques, the ancient Chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.(Inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest)

Setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of China traditional architectural styles.The Garden of Harmonious Interest serves as a fine example of this.This Garden was built under the order of Emperor Qianlong and modeled after the Jichang Garden(Garden of Ease of Mind)at the foot of Mount Huishan, Jiansu province.IT was renamed by his son Emperor Jiaqing in 1811.The existing Garden was rebuilt by Emperor or Guangxu.Empress Dowager Cixi used to go fishing here.The Garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries

With all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the Garden of Harmonious Interest is basically a garden of waterscape.Spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others.The most famous of them is the bridge known as “Knowing –the Fishing-bridge.” IT is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the Warring States period, two philosophere named Zhuang Zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond.Zhang said, ”Fish swim to and fro in the water.What happy fish!”

Hui asked , ”You are not a fish.How do you know they are happy? ”

Zhuang replied, “You are not me.How do you know I don’t know? ”

Hui signed, “I am not you ,therefore, I don’t know you.And you are not a fish ,so how

do you know that fish are happy? ”

Zhang said, “you ask me how I know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?”

Although The Garden of Harmonious Interest was designed after Jichang Garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it.(Outside the south entrance to Suzhou Shopping Street)

Now lets have a look at longevity Hill.On the back slope of the Hill stands a group of architectures.The centerpiece of structures there are known as the Four Continents and are dedicated to Buddhism.This group was laid out and arranged in accordance with Buddhist cosmology.Aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the Four Continents, there are eight towers representing Minor Continents.The shrine is surrounded by four Lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon.(Boating on Kunmin Lake)

陕西-秦始皇陵兵马俑英文导游辞 篇5

Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China's history.

In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China's dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.

After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China's 2,000 year old feudal society.

Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty's history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China's ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history “the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”

Emperor Qin Shihuang, for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could only be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warrior excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum was.

“网络新媒体技术”发刊辞 篇6

2012年, 原名“微计算机应用”的本刊, 以全新的面貌, 以变革的思维, 以崭新的刊名——《网络新媒体技术》与读者见面。

从微计算机技术兴起的1980到新媒体产业崛起的2012, 从《微计算机应用》到《网络新媒.体技术》, 三十余年, 弹指一挥间, 本刊秉承创新、求实的宗旨聚集了同行的学术交流, 一直得到了众多作者和读者的关爱。

《网络新媒体技术》由国家网络新媒体工程技术研究中心主办。依托中国科学院声学研究所, 联合国内网络和媒体行业的重要机构;国家网络新媒体工程技术研究中心 (2010年通过了国家科技部的验收) 。

促进和繁荣网络新媒体领域的技术研究开发交流一直是国家工程技术研究中心的重要工作。

网络新媒体技术是现代通信技术、网络技术、计算机技术和消费类电子技术融合的产物。随着互联网和移动通信技术的快速发展, 以互联网、数字信息娱乐和移动通信为标志的各种新媒体正渗入到我们生活的方方面面。

目前, 国内网络新媒体技术交流主要分散发表在包括本刊在内的计算机、网络通信和广播电视技术刊物上, 显然, “微计算机应用”的刊物已不能反映该领域飞速发展的现实, 我们经有关主管部门批准, 与时俱进, 适时地将《微计算机应用》更名为《网络新媒体技术》。它将为网络新媒体技术领域的作者、读者搭建一个相对集中的交流平台, 以期更好地为国内同行在网络、通信、计算机、新媒体及其融合技术方面的研究开发成果的集中展示交流提供服务。

《网络新媒体技术》致力于新媒体创新领域, 倡导跨媒体融合理念, 建立新媒体交流平台, 加强网络新媒体创新技术的学术交流、成果推广和应用, 推进产业链协作发展。