八年级上期末生物

八年级上期末生物（精选8篇）

八年级上期末生物 篇1

2016-2017学第一学期 八年级期末考试生物试卷分析

期末考试已经落下帷幕，为了更好地总结工作中的经验教训，特对本次的生物试卷进行全面的分析，以期在今后的工作中取得更好地成绩！

本次试卷共分五道大题，含选择题、填空题、识图作答、判断题、探究题四大题型，卷面满分一百分，要求学生在60分钟内完成。现将此次考试生物试卷作一简要分析：

一、试卷归纳起来体现出如下几大特点：

1、面向全体学生。表现在试题覆盖面广，主要考查学生的基础知识、基本技能和运用知识分析问题和解决问题的能力，从而提高学生的生物科学素养。生物试题在选择题中涉及各单元中的题目，不仅知识布局比较合理，而且主次比较分明，越是重点的、关键的内容所出题目较多、占的比重较大。本套试题难度不大，得分率（难度值）为70%，在这次考试中生物成绩取得最高分95分在这次考试中主要考查了学生的基础知识，又考查了学生的各种能力。多数学生都能答出大部分题目，比较适合不同层次的学生。

2、重视科学探究。科学探究是学生学习科学的重要途径之一，是目前教学积极倡导的的一种学习方式。为此，本试卷在科学知识、科学方法和科学精神方面对学生着重进行了考查。

3、突出学生情感态度与价值观的考查。生物教学的目标之一，即通过生物课程的学习，使学生形成正确的人生观、价值观和世界观。

4、联系实际。本试卷在试题内容的选择上尽量联系学生的生活和经验以及社会、科技发展的现实，注重学生经验、学科知识和社会发展三方面内容的整合，使考题真正体现灵活性、社会性和适用性。

5、体现开放性。在选材上，尽量用书外的材料。但涉及的知识都是书中的，在不为难学生的前提下使题材表现出一定的开放性；另外，在设置问题时，我们尽可能使试题答案不唯一，而讲求多元化，充分考虑了学生的个性特长、认识差异和知识水平。这有利于培养学生的自主创新能力，促进学生生动、活泼、自由、健康发展。

二、考试中存在的主要问题

1．部分学生不善读书，基础知识不过关，有些简单的，完全可以在书中找到现成答案的试题也答不出来。

2．实验教学不落实。

3．部分学生不理解题意，表达不准确。

三、考试反映的问题及整改措施： 从学生试卷可看出还存在许多问题：

1、对知识点的理解停留在一知半解的层次上；

2、解题始终不能把握其中关键的数学技巧，孤立的看待每一道题，缺乏举一反三的能力；

3、解题时，小错误太多，始终不能完整的把问题解决好；

4、未养成总结归纳的习惯，不能习惯性的归纳所学的知识点与灵活应用。整改措施：

（1）要抓质量，先抓习惯。平时在教学中注意抓好学生的书写、审题、与检查等良好的学习习惯。

（2）加强基础知识的掌握，对知识的延伸与拓展需要深入了解。（3）注重开发性使用教材，做到吃透教材，把握好教材的重点难点。

四、考后的感想与反思

从这次考试可看出，在生物教学中还存在许多问题，值得我认真研究与反思

1、要继续深入钻研课标，加强教研，不断提高教育教学水平，用新课程理念统领课堂。

2、狠抓基础知识的落实，把书本知识与日常的生产、生活紧密联系，教师认为学生会的学生不一定会，多用生活中鲜活的事例使书本知识常识化，寓教于乐，把初中生物课上成学生最喜欢的课。

3、多做一些探究性实验，最好多让学生亲自动手做，搞清楚每一个步骤，体验探究过程，至少可以使遇到同类问题得以借鉴。

翟姣姣 2017年1月17号

八年级上期末生物 篇2

一、生活知识匮乏, 关键信息抓不准

“让数学从生活中来, 回到生活中去”是新课程改革以来非常重要的一个理念, 明确了数学的实用价值, 因此, 教师在数学教学中应当认真贯彻这一理念。但是, 在实际的教学过程中, 我们发现, 由于学生生活知识的匮乏, 往往不能理解相关的数学问题, 不能抓准关键信息, 许多简单的数学实际问题, 对于学生来说却是困难重重。

例1:电子秤显示0.725kg, 单价是25元/kg, 张师傅实付多少元?

正确解法:0.725×25=18.125≈18.13 (元)

错例分析:两个班共有46位学生将结果写成了18.125, 占总人数的64.7%, 只有11位学生正确写成18.13, 占总人数的15.5%, 另有14位学生完全算错。考查的知识点是结合生活实际“元、角、分”保留两位小数, 题目中“实付”两字也提醒学生需要结合实际。产生错误的原因:一是平时教学中虽然强调过保留小数位数的方法, 即“四舍五入”的方法, 但是日常的练习题中多已明确告知学生需要保留的位数, 不需学生自己判断, 而此题保留位数是隐含的信息, 需要学生学会观察和分析;二是生活知识缺乏, 实际问题的分析能力偏弱, 没有抓住题目中的“实付”这一关键信息解决问题。

二、思考不深入, 数学思维周密性不够

数学思维是人脑对数学对象交互作用并按一般思维规律认识数学规律的过程。数学思维实质上是数学活动中的思维, 它具有深刻性、广阔性、灵活性、独创性、敏捷性、批判性。由于小学生的思维以具体形象思维为主, 并且主观意识较强, 所以, 在数学思维上会出现思考不够深入, 思维不够周密的问题。

例2:一个平行四边形的高是10厘米, 它的两条边长分别是8厘米和12厘米, 这个平行四边形的面积是多少?

错例分析:两个班共有38人发生错误, 占总人数的53.5%。发生错误的学生大多认为面积有两种可能性, 即为80平方厘米或者120平方厘米, 原因在于认为题目中的高没有说明具体对应的底, 那么两条边都可能作为平行四边形的底。但是, 若以12厘米这条边为底, 高为10厘米, 斜边为8厘米, 这样就不可能组成直角三角形, 也就是说, 上图中左边的所谓平行四边形是不存在的。因此, 这个平行四边形的底只能选择8厘米这条边, 面积为8×10=80平方厘米。这一错误的产生说明学生思维的周密性仍然不足, 虽然考虑到了可能存在的两种情况, 但没有进一步去推敲这两种可能性是否一定存在。

三、数学的转化与代换能力不足

随着新课程改革的深入开展, 新的教育理念、教学方式对学生的学习方式产生了巨大的影响, 也对小学生数学能力的提高提出了新的要求。其中数学的转化与代换能力尤为重要, 学生在解决数学问题时, 不但要抓住题目中的关键信息, 还要学会分析题干之间的联系, 学会综合考虑问题, 找到“中间量”, 通过等量代换或转化的形式将复杂的数学问题分解成若干个简单的数学问题。但显然, 从习题的错例中不难看出学生数学转化与代换的能力仍显不足。

上图中ABCD是边长为10厘米的正方形, 三角形DOC的面积比三角形AOE的面积小8平方厘米, 求阴影部分的面积。

正确解法:三角形ACD的面积为10×10÷2=50 (平方厘米) , 根据等底等高的性质, 三角形ACD和三角形CDE面积相等, 三角形DOC是公共部分, 所以三角形DOE和AOC面积相等, 阴影部分的面积是50+8=58 (平方厘米) 。

错例分析:该题两个班错误的共有16人, 占总人数的22.5%。大多错误在于学生没有找到三角形ACD和三角形CDE面积相等这一隐含信息, 所以不会做。此题考查学生等积变形和面积转化的思想, 其实在平时练习中也有过类似的题目, 因此, 学生对于图形面积之间多几与少几的转化方法并不陌生, 只是这题需要先利用等积变换知道三角形ACD的面积等于三角形CDE的面积, 再通过转化和代换来求出阴影面积, 比平时的练习多了一步等积变形, 特别考验学生的空间想象能力和数学思维中的转化与代换能力。

四、审题不清, 易上干扰信息的当

“审题”是解题的前提, 是正确解题的关键之一, 不认真审题就无法进行分析推理。所谓“审题”, 就是弄清题目内容, 弄清已经知道什么, 要求 (求证) 什么。所以审题能力的高低, 直接影响到学生的解题能力和数学学习的水平。小学生的注意力不够稳定, 并且处于学习习惯的养成时期, 特别容易犯审题不清的错误, 也容易受题目中无关信息的干扰。

例4:一瓶可乐售价2.50元, M老师买了K瓶, 付了50元, 可以找回 () 元 (用含有字母的式子表示) , 下面的数中, K可能是 () 。

选项: (1) 任何数 (2) 15 (3) 25

正确解法:找回 (50-2.5K) 元, K的范围是0<K≤20, 并且取整数, 所以只能选择 (2) 。

错例分析:这题两个班中错误的有17人, 占总人数的24.0%。集中错误发生在学生将M老师当成M个老师去计算了, 即 (50-2.5KM) 元, 属于审题不够清晰, 不能分辨信息的有效性。这题考查的知识点是用字母表示数, 因为该知识点上新课时已经接触过类似题型, 变化的只是M老师这一干扰项;而K的可能性范围在课堂上的类似题型中也有过辨析, 而本题中考查学生不仅要知道范围, 还得知道这个数只能是整数, 其实是考虑了“生活中的数学元素”。因此, 看学生错误的高发点, 作为教师也需反思, 我们在日常的教学中, 尤其是在例题教学中, 要特别重视培养学生的审题能力, 使学生养成良好的审题习惯, 开阔审题思路, 让学生掌握数学的审题步骤和方法, 这样才能提高学生的解题水平和解题技巧。

八年级（上）期末检测题（二） 篇3

1. ——What are you going to be in the future?——____ engineer.

A. A B. AnC. TheD. 不填

2. On his day ____, he doesn’t want to go ____ a drive.

A. on; offB. of; withC. off; forD. away; in

3. She is going to ____ some money to travel somewhere interesting.

A. saveB. keepC. holdD. build

4. We all like her ____ she is kind and helpful.

A. soB. andC. becauseD. but

5. I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s ____.

A. interestingB. relaxingC. funD. boring

6. Could you ____ my pet dog when I’m away?

A. work onB. take outC. come overD. take care of

7. ——____ is the ticket?

——It’s only five yuan.

A. How many B. How muchC. How longD. How far

8. He often exercises. He is ____ than me.

A. athleticB. athleticerC. more athleticD. most athletic

9. It ____ him nearly an hour to get there by bike.

A. tookB. spent C. paidD. cost

10. Eating lots of vegetables and fruit can help us ____.

A. keep fitB. hang outC. look afterD. get back

11. ——What ____ animals can you see in the picture?

——I can see some sheep.

A. elseB. other C. anotherD. the other

12. ——Did Henry win a prize last year?

——____.

A. Yes, he won B. Yes, he did C. No, he didD. No, he won

13. ——How often do you go to the concert?

——____, I don’t like music at all.

A. Always B. Often C. Once a weekD. Never

14. Tom wants to take acting lessons when he grows up. He wants to be an ____.

A. engineerB. actor C. pilotD. programmer

15. ——Do you think fast food is popular in China?

——____. The Chinese usually have fast food for breakfast.

A. Yes, I think soB. No, I don’t think so

C. I hope soD. I hope not

Ⅱ.完形填空（10分）

Daniel Boone was born in the United States __1__ 1734. He didn’t go to school and couldn’t read, __2__ he learned all about the forests and many other things around him. He loved to __3__ alone in the forests because nothing would trouble him there.

When he grew up, he tried to live on a farm, but he wasn’t very __4__ and a year later he __5__ to go into the unknown western lands. When he returned after two years, he became__6__ for his long journey. He brought back many useful things, and they helped people a lot.

After this he kept __7__ to unknown places. The Indians liked him and became his __8__. Daniel Boone __9__ at the age of 86. He lived an interesting life in the early years of America and people remembered him __10__ an explorer and a pioneer.

1. A. in B. on C. at D. of

2. A. because B. butC. orD. and

3. A. liveB. helpC. askD. sit

4. A. busy B. tired C. kindD. happy

5. A. hatedB. decided C. worried D. forgot

6. A. famous B. slow C. excitingD. interested

7. A. leaving B. turningC. travelingD. hurrying

8. A. friends B. workersC. teachers D. travelers

9. A. lived B. stayed C. began D. died

10. A. to B. forC. asD. of

Ⅲ. 阅读理解（30分）

(A)

People usually talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Scientists think that there are also two kinds of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of lights, people usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Social people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colors are green, blue and violet. These colors, unlike warm colors, are relaxing. Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue. Red may be exciting, but one scientist says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors than in a room with cool colors. He says that a warm color, such as red or orange, is good color for a living room or a restaurant. People who are resting or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colors are better for offices and factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly.

根据短文内容,选择正确答案:

1. According to the passage, people who don’t like to be with others ____.

A. like orange colorB. like blue color

C. prefer warm colorD. are usually active

2. The underlined word “Social people” means ____ in Chinese.

A. 城市居民B. 社会学家

C. 喜欢运动的人D. 好交际的人

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage? ____.

A. Scientists like warm colors better than cool colors

B. Time seems to pass more quickly in a room with red than with violet

C. Time passes more slowly where there are cool colors

D. We’d better color a living room or restaurant in warm colors

4. Why are offices and factories often colored in cool colors according to the scientist? ____.

A. Because these colors can make time seem to pass more quickly

B. Because these colors can make people excited

C. Because everybody likes white color

D. Because working people can be more active

5. The best title of this passage should be ____.

A. Warm Colors and Cool Colors

B. People and Colors

C. Social People Like Warm Colors

D. Places and Colors

(B)

Lucy:

I went to the zoo and saw some sharks on summer vacation. I also got lots of exercises of course. I did my homework every day.

Andy:

On summer vacation, I did my homework. I went to the beach and I also took piano lessons. I had lots of fun.

Kate,

I’m going to have a party. I need some help. Could you please help me dosome shopping?I’d like to buy some drinks and fruits.

Thanks,

Tony

Zhou Hua,

We’re going to have a Chinese exam! My Chinese is poor. Could you help me learn Chinese?

Thanks,

Sally

Henry:

The most popular clothing store is Jason’s. There are the best quality clothing.

根据上面的内容,完成句子:

6. On summer vacation, both Lucy and Andy ____.

7. Lucy ____ and saw some sharks, but Andy didn’t.

8. Tony asks Kate to ____.

9. ____ asks ____ to help her learn Chinese.

10. Henry thinks Jason’s is the most popular clothing store because it has ____.

(C)

Almost everyone knows the meaning of Mr., Mrs. and Miss. People use Mr. with men’s last names. And Mrs. is for married women and Miss is for single (单身的) women. But what is Ms?

For sometimes, people in the United States use Ms before a women’s name when they do not know whether the woman is married or not. Today many people like to use Ms. Some women feel that it is not important for people to know whether they are married or not.

There are some problems with Ms. Not all women like it. Some like the old ways of doing things. They find it difficult to pronounce(发音) the word. But young people like it.

根据上面的短文，判断正（T）误（F）

11. People usually use Mrs. before single women’s names.

12. Mary is a married woman. So when we meet her, we can call her Miss Mary.

13. Not all women like the word “Ms”.

14. Some women find the word “Ms” is difficult to say.

15. Now young people like to use Ms.

Ⅳ.词汇考查:（10分）

1. ——Could you help me s____ the floor? ——Sure.

2. We usually b____ some books from our school library on Friday．

3. The p____ in the talent show are all very outstanding．

4. Although my home is far from school， I am s____ late for school．

5. My parents are b____ teachers．

6. Our school had a fashion show yesterday． U____(不幸地)， the show was very dull．

7. I think Beckham is a t____(天才的) football player．

8. We are going to b____(建造) a subway in the middle of our city．

9. The ____(领导) of the school are going to visit your grandparents on Teachers’ Day．

10. Jean’s mother w____(担心) about her son very much， because he is badly ill．

Ⅴ.改错：请指出错误选项并改正。（5分）

1. There is going to have a sports meeting next Tuesday.

A BCD

2. Bob and Jane was watching TV this time yesterday.

ABC D

3. What a exciting book it is!

ABCD

4. The Great Wall is a symbol of the China nation.

A B C D

5. People can only get information about UFOs in books, TV and so on.

ABCD

Ⅵ. 根据汉语意思,完成下列句子:（10分）

1. 我们明天去动物园好吗?

____ we ____ to the zoo tomorrow?

2. 明天上午你有空吗?

____ you ____ tomorrow morning?

3. 为什么不和我们一起打篮球呢?

____ ____ ____ basketball with us?

4. 我们一起吃晚饭吧。

____ have dinner together.

5. 我想她不会游泳。

I ____ ____ she ____ swim.

6. 她今天下午没有什么事儿做。

She has ____ to ____ ____ afternoon.

7. 下个星期六你打算做什么?

____ are you ____ to ____ next Saturday?

8. 我不知道如何做这件事。

I don’t know ____ ____ ____ the work.

9. 你的手表没什么毛病。

There is____ ____ with your watch.

10. 我认为动物园里最有趣的动物是海豚。

I ____ the ____ ____ animal in the zoo is the dolphin.

Ⅶ.动词应用。阅读下面的短文,用括号内动词的正确形式填空:（10分）

Ann is an American girl. She __1__(have) big eyes and brown hair. She __2__ (study) in a middle school in Washington.

Ann __3__ (be) born on January 8th, 1992. She __4__ (start) school when she was only 6 years old. She studied in a primary school in New York before she __5__(move) to Washington with her family.

Ann’s favorite subject __6__(be) biology. She is interested in it very much. She wants __7__(major) in biology when she __8__(go) to college. But her music teacher says Ann should __9__(learn) music because she has a very good voice. She predicts (预测) that Ann __10__(become) a singer in the future.

Ⅷ.句型转换。（10分）

1. The sweaters feel very comfortable.（改为一般疑问句）

____ the sweaters____ very comfortable?

2. Excuse me. Where is the nearest school? （改为同义句）

Excuse me. ____ can I ____ to the nearest school?

3. Betty was sad. She heard about so many animals in danger.（两句合并为一句）

Betty was sad ____ ____ about many animals in danger.

4. There is no water in the bottle, ____ ____? （改为反意疑问句）

5. I watched TV last Sunday.(用at 9:00改写)

I ____ ____ TV at 9:00 last Sunday.

Ⅸ.补全对话（5分）

阅读下面的对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话意思完整。

A: Hi, Tom. You were not here yesterday afternoon. __1__?

B: __2__.

A: __3__. How are you feeling now?

B: Much better. The fever is gone, but I still cough and I feel weak.

A: Did you see the doctor?

B: Yes, I went to the doctor’s yesterday afternoon. The doctor gave me some medicine and asked me to __4__.

A: Why don’t you stay at home today?

B: Because I’m afraid I’ll miss too many lessons and I’ll be left behind.

A: Don’t worry. Take care of yourself. __5__.

B: Thank you.

Ⅹ.书面表达（15分）

根据表格所提供的有关张华的信息，写一篇短文介绍他的情况。

要求：1.表格内容要全部体现在文章中。

八年级上册生物期末试卷 篇4

1、下列动物的体壁由两个胚层构成的是( )

A、涡虫 B、血吸虫 C、珊瑚虫 D、华枝睾吸虫

2、水螅常常可以捕到与自己身体差不多大小的猎物，这主要依靠( )

A、刺细胞 B、触手的缠结 C、发达的肌肉 D、口的吞噬

3、下列营自由生活的扁形动物是( )

A、涡虫 B、华枝睾吸虫 C、血吸虫 D、绦虫

4.鱼离开水便会死亡，其实质是( )

A.缺氧，鱼不能呼吸 B.不能游动 C.缺食 D.陆地环境太热

5.两栖动物的幼体和成体分别生活于( )

A.陆地和水中 B.潮湿陆地和水中 C.水中和潮湿陆地 D.都生活于水中

6.蚯蚓的体壁上的粘液经常保持湿润，这有利于蚯蚓的( )

A.运动 B.呼吸作用 C.吸收营养 D.排泄

7.酿制甜酒要用一种微生物，它是( )

A.乳酸杆菌 B.单细胞酵母菌 C.醋酸菌 D.青霉菌

8.人的脚趾之间经常发生奇痒，甚至发生溃烂，有可能感染了( )

A.寄生虫 B.真菌 C.细菌 D.病毒

9.真菌大都靠什么来繁殖后代?( )

A.菌褶 B.菌丝 C.孢子 D.细胞分裂

10.生物分类的单位中，最基本的单位是( )

A.门 B.纲 C.科 D.种

11.关于细菌的错误论述是

A.没有成形的细胞核 B.都是单细胞个体

C.都对人有害 D.一般不含叶绿体

12.下列是学习行为的是( )

A.狗吃食物分泌唾液 B.狗钻火圈

C.初生的兔子碰到母兔，就有寻找乳头和吸吮的动作

D.公鸡清晨在一定时间鸣叫

13.当鹿发现有敌情时，为首的鹿尾巴向后呈水平方向伸展开来，肛门后面白色部分显露出 来告知同伴，这种行为是( )

A.防御行为 B.社会行为 C.攻击行为 D.繁殖行为

14、动物的行为各种各样，依据其行为的发生可以分为先天性行为和学习行为两大类。在下列几种动物的行为中，属于学习行为的是( )

A. 蜘蛛结网 B. 飞蛾扑火 C. 猴子骑车 D. 公鸡打鸣

15.有些鸟类有迁徒行为，这是鸟类的本能，这种本能是( )

A.鸟类的自卫 B.鸟类寻找食物的需要

C.鸟类对外界生活条件长期适应的结果 D.有利于鸟类

16.利用农田蜘蛛可防治农田中的害虫，下列说法错误的是( )

A.可消灭所有害虫 B.减少施用农药

C.防止对环境造成污染 D.减少每亩农田的经济成本，增加经济效益

17.关于“动物与仿生”的下列叙述中，哪一项是错误的( )

A.动物身体上的某些器官与功能，人类远远赶不上

B.“基因转移”也是动物仿生的一方面

C.动物身体上的某些先进功能，也是长期经过自然选择进化而来的

D.电子传感器、电子蛙眼、飞机、坦克等都是从动物身上得到启示仿生研制出来的

18、动物和细菌、真菌一样能促进生态系统的物质循环，在自然界动物是 ( )

A、生产者 B、消费者 C、分解者 D、既是消费者，又是分解者

19、假设你手上此刻有100个细菌，细菌的繁殖速度按每30分繁殖一代计算，在没有洗手的情况下，2小时后你手上的细菌数目是多少个 ( )

A、12800 B、25600 C、1600 D、无法计算

20.各类食品的贮存都要考虑其保存方法，食品保存的原理是( )

A.把食品密封就行了

B.把食品煮熟、高温消毒就可以了

C.把食品内的细菌和真菌杀死或抑制它们的生长繁殖就可以了

D.把食品放到冰箱内就可以了

21、某植物已有根、茎、叶的分化，但不结种子，它应归为 ( )

A 苔藓植物 B 蕨类植物 C 被子植物 D 裸子植物

22、酸奶的营养价值比牛奶高是因为酸奶在发酵过程中，( )使牛奶中的营养成分转变成更易于被人消化和吸收的营养物质，并产生多种维生素

A、酵母菌 B、醋酸菌 C、乳酸菌 D、曲霉

23.对被子植物进行分类时，其中最重要的分类依据是( )

A.被子植物茎杆的质地 B.叶子的形状

C.花或果实、种子的特征 D.人类对其利用价值大小

24.下列关于生物多样性面临威胁的原因叙述中，哪一项不正确?( )

A.毁林开垦，水土流失、环境恶化等原因造成森林面积锐减

B.火山爆发、地震濒发、瘟疫流行等自然灾害是造成我国生物多样性锐减的重要原因

C.人类对动植物资源的滥捕、乱伐及不合理的开发利用，造成大量物种濒临灭绝

D.人类活动缺乏环保意识，造成生物生存环境的严重破坏造成的

25、下列保存食物的方法中，其原理不上除去水分防止细菌和真菌生长的是( )

A 、果脯 B咸干鱼 C、腊肉 D、水果罐头

二、非选择题(共50分)

26、(16分)下图是肌肉协作关系示意图，请据图回答：

(1)① 主要是由③ 和④ 两部分组成，骨骼肌有 特性 。

(2)当上肢伸肘时，[ ] 收缩。

(3)当曲肘动作符合杠杆原理，起支点作用的是( )

A.肘关节 B骨 C骨骼肌 D骨骼

(4)人体任何一个动作的完成，都至少是由 组肌肉相互配合共同完成。

(5)某人右上肢的肌肉和骨骼正常，但瘫痪难动，可能是由于支配右上肢的 受损。 27、(10分)下图为细菌结构的示意图，请根据图回答下列问题。

⑴图中A是

⑵F是 ，它使细菌能够 。

⑶字母 所代表的结构能够控制物质进出细

菌细胞。

⑷与植物细胞相比，该细菌的结构中没有 ，

也不具有能进行光合作用。

28、(6分)仔细阅读下列检索表，回答问题：

动物

有足 没有足

多于四对足 四对或少于四对足 有硬壳 没有硬壳

蜗牛

每一体节 每一体节 有翅膀 没有翅膀 有体节 没体节

一对足 两对足 蝴蝶 蚯蚓 海星

百足 千足 身体可分成 身体不能分为

两部分 两部分

蜘蛛 长脚蜘蛛

(1)从检索表中可以看出，百足和蜘蛛的共同特征是 。

(2)表中与蚯蚓共同特征最多的生物是： 。

(3)表中可以归纳出蜘蛛的特征： 。

29.(共8分)下图是巴斯德的“鹅颈瓶”实验示意图。A瓶、B瓶内都装有肉汤，甲图表示A瓶煮沸，B瓶不作处理。一段时间后，其中一瓶仍然保鲜，另一瓶变质;接着，将保鲜那瓶的瓶颈打断(如乙瓶)，数日后，瓶中肉汤也变质。请回答：

(1)甲图中肉汤仍保鲜的是______瓶，而将其瓶颈打断后，变质的原因是空气中的_________进入瓶内。

(2)甲、乙两组实验所控制的变量都是( )

A.瓶子的大小 B.细菌的有无 C.肉汤的多

乙图控制变量的方法是将瓶颈打断;而甲图中控制变量的方法则是 。

30、(共10分)准备一片新鲜的面包和一片干面包，将两片面包分别放入玻璃仪器内，同

时防在温暖的 环境中，过一段时间后，在新鲜的面包上长出了霉菌，而且随着时间的

推移不段的增多但是干面包上没长出霉菌，请分析：

(1)新鲜的面包片和干面包片都是为霉菌的生长提供了 。

(2)相比之下二者的不同之处在于 。

(3)在这个对照试验中，新鲜的面包片充当了 ，干燥的面包片充当 。

(4)本实验可以得出什么结论： 。

试卷答案

12345678910111213

CAAACBBBCDCBA

14151617181922232425

八年级生物上册期末教学反思 篇5

大定中学

李春芳

从试卷整体来看，试卷的难度不大，适应各层次的学生，试题内容大部分都是基础知识，只有少部分的应用知识。试卷结构为选择题和非选择题。

本试卷考察的主要内容：①基础知识和基本技能。②学生生物实验探究及分析说明。③注重联系实际，引导学生关注自身健康，关注人与自然的和谐。

本次考试学生答卷反映出来的主要问题：①知识结构不系统、含混不清。学生如果对所学知识不进行及时梳理，学多了，时间长了就会混为一谈，考试时，提出这部分知识就会出错，即使是很简单的题也会出错。②概念不准确，模棱两可。在平时的学习中，如果对基本概念理解不透彻、不准确的话，考试时就会出错，造成失分，影响学业成绩。例如选择题第6题对昆虫概念的理解模糊不清。③凭空想象不动脑、自以为是。学生对一些常见的生理现象，凭想象、感觉、想当然、自以为很对，不对问题作深入的分析探究，喜欢作表面文章，反映出学风的浮躁。例如第9题骨骼肌两端应分别附着在两块骨上，骨才能绕关节运动。④识图作答不识图，胡乱猜测。⑤学生的探究能力及分析问题能力较差。突显在第23、25题失分严重。

教学情况分析：从试卷分析看，教学只注重知识的传授和灌输，忽略了过程与方法及能力的培养，导致有些学生能力题及应用知识解题方面失分较多。

应采取的措施：①强化知识点的落实。在讲授知识点的过程中要讲清知识点的本质含义及如何运用知识点去解决问题。

②注重能力培养。在今后的教学工作中，应加强对学生理解能力、获取信息的能力、综合运用能力、识图能力等的培养。

③加强实验内容的教学。在教学过程中应有意识的加强实验内容的教学，逐步培养学生的实验能力和探究能力。

关于八年级生物期末考试试题 篇6

1、鱼类之所以能在水中生活，是因为它们能靠游泳来获取_________和防御__________,还能在水中________。

2、对于生活在陆地上的动物来说，足够的的__________、__________和______________是其本的环境条件。

3、鸟类的胸骨腹面有一个高耸的____________,其两侧附着有发达的_____________,可牵引_____________飞翔。

4、节肢动物的身体由许多_________构成，体表有_________,足和触角分解。

5、动物生来就有的，由动物体内的_____________所决定的行为，称为先天性行为。

6、绿色植物可以进行________________制造有机物，地球上的其他生物均直接或间接地以__________________为食。

7、一个细菌或真菌繁殖后形成的肉眼可见的集合体称为_____________。

8、生物分类的基本单位是____________。

9、生物多样性包括_______的多样性、__________的多样性和__________的多样性。

二、我来决策(每题只有一个正确答案，将其序号填在表格内，共12分)

1、下列动物中，属于无脊椎动物的

A中华鲟B蜗牛C乌龟D鸵鸟

2、判断蚯蚓前后端的简便方法是()

A观察蚯蚓的运动B长有口的一断是前端

C有环带的一端是身体前端D观察蚯蚓的反应，反应快的一端是前端

3、一块骨、一块肌肉均属于()

A细胞间质B一种组织一个系统D一个器官

4、下列动物行为中，属于学习行为的是()

A刚出生的小猪吃奶B老鼠生来会打洞

C马戏团里的猴子打篮球D鸟的筑巢和育雏

5、腌制泡菜时，泡菜坛加盖后用水封口的主要目的是()

A为了保持蔬菜中的营养物质散失

B为了营造缺氧或无氧的环境，以利于乳酸菌的生存

C为了保持菜坛内的酸性环境，防止乳酸菌死掉

D为了保持菜坛内湿润，防止水分蒸发

6、使水果腐烂的最常见的细菌是()

枯草杆菌B链球菌C根瘤菌D大肠杆菌

八年级上期末生物 篇7

从意外到惊讶

回忆起2010年第一次参加作文大赛时的情形，杜渐如数家珍：“那时我刚升入淮安外国语学校，心中对这所名校充满了敬畏。自己在小学时虽然成绩不错，但淮外毕竟是名声在外的好学校，而且初中课程明显比小学时紧张了很多，第一个月我很不适应学校的教学节奏和生活节奏。就在那时候学校通知了作文大赛的事情，让我们报名参加预赛。我对自己的写作能力还是很有信心的，也希望通过参加这次比赛给自己的初中生活开个好头，让老师对我有个好印象。于是我从预赛开始，一路进入决赛，最后得知自己竟然获得了特等奖，要到南京来现场参加颁奖典礼，还有跟著名语文教师王栋生、著名作家叶兆言面对面交流的机会，我意外极了。因为那时候我毕竟刚刚升入初中，就是抱着锻炼学习的态度参加作文大赛的，完全没想到能获奖，还是全省仅有的十个特等奖之一。我想，这对我以后的发展都有很大的影响。我一下子就自信了起来，学习上也有了很大的起色。”说到这，杜渐吐了下小舌头，有点不好意思地说：“当我从南京领完奖回到学校，就看到学校在最显眼的地方拉起了大红的条幅，祝贺我获得了作文大赛的特等奖，我心里当时那个飘啊，那个得意啊，简直没法形容了。”

转眼到了2011年9月，杜渐已经顺利升入初二学习，新一届的作文大赛再次广发英雄帖，杜渐的选择是接受挑战。经过楚州区的预赛、复赛以及在南京的现场决赛，杜渐这次取得了比上次更骄人的成绩：特等奖第一名!

成绩出来后，《初中生世界》编辑部的老师第一时间通过电话向杜渐表示了祝贺，这时杜渐再也没有她的文章所表现出来的那种老练与成熟，而是惊呼：“真的吗?真的吗?真的没想到啊，太感谢了，太惊讶了!”

我的世界很精彩

写作对于杜渐来说，已深入她的灵魂，总能让她沉浸其中，难以自拔。前年秋天，杜渐回老家金湖玩。爷爷奶奶家后面有片小树林，一天傍晚当杜渐朝树林看去时，眼前的美景一下子让她有了灵感：“傍晚时分，落日的余晖斜斜地照在树林里，满地的落叶似乎都被打上了一层淡淡的金色，小树不高，也没有什么枝叶了，但也因此显得格外挺拔……”就这样，一篇美文一挥而就，杜渐爸爸告诉记者，当时杜渐冲着这篇作文傻乐了半天，笑眯眯地翻来覆去欣赏、陶醉，“不知道的人还以为她在看世界名著呢。”爸爸打趣道。

跟所有爱好写作的孩子一样，杜渐酷爱阅读，而且口味很杂。在参加作文大赛组委会安排的“先锋文化之旅”时，杜渐在先锋书店买了一本《圣经故事油画精选》，回去之后看得津津有味。才上初二的她，已经看完了《红楼梦》《巴黎圣母院》《简爱》《茶花女》等名著，杜渐说：“不喜欢看散文，觉得太软了，没劲，不能产生共鸣。而曹文轩的作品我就很喜欢看，觉得很清新也很真实，他的校园文学才是真正的校园文学，就像在说发生在我们身边的事一样。我觉得真实的才是最有生命力的。”

“其实我没有那么乖”

当杜渐俏生生地站在你面前时，你会想到灵动、乖巧、俊俏这些美好的词汇，但跟记者越聊越起劲的杜渐“自爆家丑”：“其实我没有你们想象的那么乖。”

杜渐所在学校的教学区是不准开展体育运动的。但是有一次杜渐在大课间活动时，颇有“大姐头”风范地指挥几个男同学把桌子拼到一起，打起了乒乓球，被时任淮安外国语学校副校长的傅俊老师逮了个正着，一通批是少不了的。杜渐委屈还没完全散去的时候，傅校长就被调到别的学校了。无巧不成书的是，2011年作文大赛楚州区复赛考点就被安排在傅校长新任职的学校。傅校长看到杜渐，很得意地对旁人说：“这是我以前教过的学生，上次作文大赛获得了特等奖，这次又来参赛了，怎么样，厉害吧?”让杜渐感动得不行，她明白了一个道理：老师总是把学生当作宝，批评是希望学生能更好地成长。道理虽然明白，可“该”违反纪律的时候杜渐还是“不含糊”。

“现在谁还没有睡觉?报床号。”“1”、“2”、“3”、“4”……“好，大家都没睡，我们现在来讨论下班里最帅的前五名男生和最可爱的前五名男生，星期一到班里宣布一下。”这是怎么回事?原来在舍长杜渐的带领下，宿舍卧谈会再次利用周五晚上老师管理不严的机会“隆重”召开了。

八年级上期末生物 篇8

A）单项选择 从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案填空。（共15小题，每小题1分）

( )1. —Would you like _____ apple juice?

—Yes, but just _____.

A. any; a littleB. any; little

C. some; a little

( )2. —_____ is it from here to the store?

—Not very far. It’s 15 minutes’ ride.

A. How longB. How far

C. How much

( )3. Tom never depends _____ his parents. He likes to do everything _____ himself.

A. with; onB. on; by

C. in; by

( )4. —Can you go to the mall with me this Sunday?

—Sure, ______.

A. I’d love toB. I can’t

C. no

( )5. I have six brothers and sisters, so my mum always has _____ housework to do.

A. too manyB. much too

C. too much

( )6. —When was your son born?

—He was born _____ the morning _____ May 11th.

A. on; ofB. in; onC. on; on

( )7. It’s important _____ students to sleep eight hours every day.

A. for usB. to usC. to our

( )8. Here are the apples and bananas. Cut _____ and put _____ the blender.

A. up them； them into

B. them up; into them

C. them up; them into

( )9. —What’s your new year’s resolution?

—Well, I am going to ____ next year and save some money, because I want to buy a bike with the money.A. get a part-time job

B. learn to play an instrument

C. get a lot of exercise

( )10. —Would you like some ice cream?

—No, thanks. I can’t have _____. I have a stomachache.

A. something cold

B. cold something

C. anything cold

( )11. —Could you tell me how to make a turkey sandwich?

—Sure. First, put _____ on the bread, then put some mayonnaise on it. Now the great turkey sandwich is ready.

A. two slice of turkey

B. two slices of turkey

C. two turkey

( )12. —I’m tired and stressed out.

—I think you should _____.

A. study hard

B. go to the dentist

C. listen to some light music

( )13. —_____ there any sharks in the aquarium?

—No, we didn’t see any.

A. DidB. HadC. Were

( )14. How long does it _____ you _____ finish your homework every day?

A. takes; forB. take; forC. take; to

( )15. If you want to eat a banana, you have to _____ it first.

A. peelB. pourC. make

B) 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的三个选项中选出最佳答案。（共10小题，每小题1分）

Is food important for us? The answer is YES. If we do not eat 16 , we will feel hungry. If we cannot find food when 17 are hungry, we may feel very 18 . Maybe we can become sick, and then die later. Now we have another problem, if we eat, what kind of food is 19 for us? Is meat better than vegetables and fruits? 20 vegetables and fruits 21 than meat? For some people, it

is very easy to answer these 22 : Vegetables and fruits are surely(一定) better than meat, because they 23 eat meat. For most of us, it is not very easy to decide on 24 is better. Doctors say it is not really important for us to decide on which is better, meat or vegetables and fruits, but it is 25 to take a balanced diet of meat and vegetables and fruits.

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( )16. A. waterB. milkC. food

( )17. A. weB. youC. they

( )18. A. calmB. badC. happy

( )19. A. goodB. expensive

C. cheap

( )20. A. AreB. OrC. And

( )21. A. cheaperB. betterC. more expensive

( )22. A. problemB. questionC. questions

( )23. A. alwaysB. usuallyC. never

( )24. A. whichB. whoC. why

( )25. A. interestingB. popularC. important

Ⅱ. 阅读技能（三部分，共15小题，计45分）

A) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断所给句子正（T）误（F）。（共5小题，每小题3分）

A boy named Jack lived in a small village. One morning, his mother sent him to his uncle’s in town. He had a very good time there.

Before Jack left in the evening, his uncle gave him a jar (罐子) and said, “There is some candy in it, you may put your hand into it and take some when you want to eat something.” Jack looked at the jar when he was in the train. It had a long and small neck. He put his hand into the jar and took five pieces. But he could not get his hand out. He turned his hand this way and that way, still he could not get his hand out. He turned his hand again. Finally he let go of four pieces. Then he could pull his hand out of the jar.

( )26. One day Jack’s mother sent him to his mother’s brother’s house.

( )27. The jar with some candy in it had a large neck.

( )28. Jack only stayed in town for a whole day.

( )29. Jack’s hand was so big that he couldn’t get his hand out.

( )30. At last Jack only took one piece of candy at a time.

B) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。（共5小题，每小题3分）

A 50-year-old American officer came back to his school. The teacher asked him to give a talk to the small boys and girls there. The talk was about the love of their great country. All the little children were sitting in the large meeting room. The old officer went up and began to say something. He said, “Boys and girls, I studied in the school forty years ago. But you are happier today than I was. Think about it and answer me a question: Why are you so happy now?”

No sound came from the children. The old man waited for a long time. Then a short boy in the front put up his small dirty hand. “Good boy!Please answer me, dear” said the officer.

The boy stood up and said, “If you speak longer time, we are not going to have math and science lesson this morning.”

( )31. Why did the old officer come back to the school?

A. To listen to a talk.

B. To have lessons.

C. To give a talk.

( )32. How old was the officer when he studied in this school?

A. Fifty.B. Ten.

C. Forty.

( )33. What was the talk about?

A. The sports of their country.

B. The love of their great country.

C. Study.

( )34. What did the short boy do?

A. He didn’t tell the answer to the question.

B. He wanted to make the officer angry.

C. He answered the question.

( )35. What can we know after reading the last part of the story?

A. All the children liked the talk.

B. The short boy didn’t like math and science lessons.

C. The officer was very happy.

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C) 阅读短文，然后根据短文内容回答所提问题。（共5小题，每小题3分）

Mr. Smith had two sons. One is seven years old, and the other is five. One morning during the holidays, when he was cleaning the car, his younger son came and asked him for some money for sweets.

“Sweets are bad for your teeth,” Mr. Smith said. “Take these two oranges instead, and give one to your elder(年长的) brother,” One of the oranges is quite a lot bigger than the other one, and as the small boy liked oranges very much, he kept that one for himself, and gave his brother the smaller one.

When the other boy saw that his brother had a much larger orange than his own, he said to him, “It’s selfish (自私的) to take the bigger one for yourself. If father had given me the oranges, I’d have given you the bigger one.”

“I know you would,” answered his brother. “That’s why I took it.”

36. What was Mr. Smith doing one morning?

_____________________________________

37. What did his younger son ask for?

_____________________________________

38. Did the son get what he wanted?

_____________________________________

39. Who got the bigger orange?

_____________________________________

40. Why did the elder brother say that his brother was selfish?

_____________________________________

Ⅲ. 写作技能（三部分，共11小题，计30分）

A） 完成对话 通读下面的对话，然后根据上下文补全对话内容。（共5小题，每小题2分）

A: What’s your favorite sport?

B: I like playing soccer. What 41 you?

A: I love to play football.

B: 42 do you play with?

A: My classmates. And I will have a game this Wednesday afternoon.

B: Can I watch the game? Who will you play

43 ?

A: Of course. We will play against the team from the New College.

B: What 44 will it be?

A: At about 14:30.

B: Good 45 to you and your team. See you then.

A: See you then.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

B) 翻译 阅读下面短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语。（共5小题，每小题2分）

Our world is getting smaller and smaller. (46)We can fly around the world in no more than 50 hours. The newest plane can fly at 600 miles an hour. (47)You can have breakfast in Tokyo and supper in Paris.

But hundreds of years ago, (48)it took people a long time to go around the world. Magellan’s men were the first to make that trip. They went by ship and it took them more than two years. (49)On September 30, 1510, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. He was killed in the Philippines.

More than two years later, on December 21, 1512, (50)only one of the five ships with just 31 men returned to Spain. Magellan’s trip taught us that the world was round and that people could go around the world.

46. 47. 48.

49.

50. C) 作文。（10分）

假设你（Han Mei）参加了学校组织的冬令营（winter camping）。你给你的好朋友Li Ming写了一封e-mail介绍你参加冬令营的情况。要求60词左右。要点如下：

1. 举办冬令营的时间（12月20日）和地点磨山（Mount Mo）。

2. 描述当天的天气（sunny but cold）和穿着。

3. 描述活动：滑冰、拍照、才艺表演，其中制作fruit shake最有趣。

4. 参加活动的好心情和打算（参加明年的冬令营）。