英语六级写作问题详细解析

2024-08-07

英语六级写作问题详细解析(共5篇)

英语六级写作问题详细解析 篇1

2018年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析(卷二)

Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015.Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic.Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1)it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance;and 2)it is based on surveys rather than data.Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality.Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example.Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S.and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average.However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality.The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours;they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like;and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S.Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S.and other countries.For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S.levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S.had the highest economic welfare of any large country.Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S.has continued to improve.However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional.Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.全文翻译及命题分析

从经济上讲,我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗?

评论员从美国人口普查局最新的一份报告着手,渴望在这个问题上找到证据。该报告发现,2015年的家庭平均收入增长了5.2%。不幸的是,这一结论过于强调统计数据,而该数据虽有效,但有缺陷和不完整。统计调查在衡量测算方面有如下重要问题:1)它不包括税收、转账和补偿,如雇主提供的健康保险;2)它基于调查而不是数据。即便调查结果是精确的,收入数据也将一些经济福祉的重要决定因素排除在外,如赚取收入所需的工作时间。

在思考这个问题的时候,我们看到了查尔斯·琼斯和彼得·克勒诺最近发表的一篇文章,文中提出了一种新颖有趣的经济福祉衡量标准。它谈不上完美,但比平均收入作为唯一衡量指标要全面得多。它既考虑到人均消费的增长,也考虑到工作时间、预期寿命的变化和经济不平等等因素。此外,它既可以用于对比国与国之间的经济业绩,也可以用于评估某个国家在某个时间段的经济业绩。

琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法可以通过一个跨国案例加以说明。假设我们想将2005年美国和法国公民的经济福祉进行对比。

2005年,正如作者所观察到的,法国的人均实际消费仅为美国的60%,表面上美国人的经济状况似乎比法国人的平均水平要好得多。然而,这种比较忽略了其他相关因素:闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等。法国人休假时间更长,退休时间更早,因此通常工作时间更短;他们的预期寿命更长,大概反映了法国在医疗保健、饮食、生活方式等方面的优势;法国的收入和消费分配相对于美国也要更均衡一些。由于这些差异,60%这一比较数据夸大了两国在经济福祉方面的差距。

类似的计算也可以用来比较美国和其他国家。例如,这种计算将英国的经济福祉水平定为美国的97%,而墨西哥人的福利水平约为美国的22%。

琼斯和克勒诺提出的衡量标准也可以用来评估某个国家在某个时间段的经济业绩。根据这一标准,本世纪初到本世纪中期,美国的经济福祉比其它大国都要好。自2007年以来,美国的经济福祉持续改善。然而,改善的速度明显放缓。

从方法上讲,琼斯-克伦诺研究所得出的教训是,经济福祉是多维的。他们的方法足够灵活,原则上包括了其他重要的生活质量方面的变化,如污染物总排放量的减少和犯罪率的降低。

【命题分析】本题包括多种阅读理解题型,既有细节题,也有观点态度题和推理判断题,因此有一定难度。

【内容概要】本篇阅读理解介绍了一种衡量经济福祉的新方法——Jones-Klenow method。它包含了影响生活质量的更多因素,比美国人口普查局所采用的方法更全面更灵活。【试题详解】

46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? A)It is based on questionable statistics.B)It reflects the economic changes.C)It evidences the improved welfare.D)It provides much food for thought.【题干译文】作者是如何看待美国人口普查局2015年的报告?

【选项译文】A.它基于有问题的统计数据。B.它反映了经济变化。C.它证明了福利的改善。D.它提供了许多值得思考的事情。【定位信息】将题干中2015以及Census Bureau等作为向导词,定位到第二自然段。也可以结合顺序法定位,该题作为本阅读文章第一题,阅读点一般在文章开头或靠前的位置。

【答案详解】答案是A。第二自然段第二句话“Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic.”意思是:不幸的是,这一结论过于强调统计数据,而该数据虽有效,但有缺陷和不完整。该数据有缺陷且不完整,自然是有问题的数据。

【干扰分析】本题为细节题,定位信息明确,其它选项干扰性较小。

47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? A)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary peopled livelihood.C)It focuses on people’s consumption rather than their average income.D)It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.【题干译文】作者对琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法有什么看法?

【选项译文】A.它被广泛用于比较各国的经济增长。B.它彻底改变了衡量普通百姓生计的方法。C.它关注的是人们的消费,而不是他们的平均收入。D.它是衡量人们经济福祉的更全面的指标。

【定位信息】将题干中人名Jones、Klenow作为向导词,结合顺序法,定位到第三自然段。

【答案详解】答案是D。第三自然段第二句话“While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality.”意思是:它谈不上完美,但比平均收入作为唯一衡量指标要全面得多。它既考虑到人均消费的增长,也考虑到工作时间、预期寿命的变化和经济不平等等因素。很明显,作者在此发表自己对琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法的看法;虽不完美,但更全面。

【干扰分析】本题为观点态度题,需要将第三自然段第二句话充分理解。

48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S.in terms of real consumption per person? A)It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B)It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.C)It covered up the differences between individual citizens.D)It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.【题干译文】琼斯和克勒诺是如何看待美国和法国在真实人均消费方面的比较? 【选项译文】A.它反映了两个经济体之间存在的巨大差距。B.它忽视了许多重要的人民福利指标。C.它掩盖了公民个人之间的差异。D.它没有将自然资源方面的差异计算在内。

【定位信息】将题干中comparison between France and the U.S.以及 real consumption per person作为向导词,结合顺序法,定位到第四、五自然段,这两个自然段主要讲美、法两国在真实人均消费方面的比较。

【答案详解】答案是B。第五自然段第二句话“However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality.”意思是:然而,这种比较忽略了其他相关因素:闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等。很明显,B选项中neglected和important indicators分别与该句中omits和relevant factors对应。

【干扰分析】本题为观点态度题。A选项明显与文章主旨不符,而D选项中美、法两国在自然资源方面的差异文中根本没有提到,可以轻易排除。C选项有很大的迷惑性,国民个人之间的差异比较含糊,到底指的是美、法两国公民之间的个体差异还是两个国家内部公民之间的个体差异或两者兼而有之?相比较而言,B选项意思更为明确,而且该选项中的相关表述与对应的阅读点之间存在明显的对应关系。

49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method? A)It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.B)It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.C)It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.D)It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.【题干译文】琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法有什么优势?

【选项译文】A.它能够准确地指出一个国家当前的经济问题。B.它有助于提高人们对经济福祉的认识。C.它可以诊断出一个国家经济发展速度放缓的原因。D.它可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况。

【定位信息】将题干中Jones-Klenow method作为向导词,结合顺序法,定位到第七自然段。【答案详解】答案是D。第七自然段第一句话“The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time.”意思是:琼斯和克勒诺提出的衡量标准也可以用来评估某个国家在某个时间段的经济业绩。琼斯和克勒诺提出的衡量标准可以用于对比国与国之间的经济业绩,也可以用于评估某个国家在某个时间段的经济业绩,显然是该方法的一个优势。

【干扰分析】本题为细节题,其在文中对应的阅读点明确,其他干扰项迷惑性较小。

50.What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being? A)It is much better than that of their European counterparts.B)It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.C)It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D)It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.【题干译文】下列有关美国人民的经济福祉方面的推断正确的是哪一个?

【选项译文】A.美国的经济福祉比欧洲国家的经济福祉好得多。B.自从世纪之交以来,美国的经济福祉一直在走下坡路。C.美国的经济福祉改善情况与美国人口普查局的报告有出入。D.自本世纪中期以来,美国的经济福祉一致没有得到准确的评估和报告。

【定位信息】将题干中American以及economic well-being作为向导词,结合顺序法,定位到最后两个自然段。该题作为本阅读文章最后一题,阅读点一般在文章结尾或靠后的位置。

【答案详解】答案是C。根据第七自然段最后三句话,我们可以得知:本世纪初到本世纪中期,美国的经济福祉比其它大国都要好。自2007年以来,美国的经济福祉持续改善,然而改善的速度明显放缓。虽然美国的经济福祉持续改善,但改善的速度明显放缓,这明显与美国人口普查局的报告有出入。

【干扰分析】本题为推理判断题,需要通篇考虑。A选项中much better与实际程度不符,B选项与美国经济福祉持续改善的事实不符。D选项有一定的迷惑度,但since mid-2000s与文中的实际时间不符。

Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you’ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were you...” or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there’s a scientific reason behind it.Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same pitfalls.The problem is “decision fatigue,” a psychological phenomenon that on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so.“Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices.“By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says.“It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices.While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman.“When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo(现状),he says.But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.“People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says.“That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions.“Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.全文翻译及命题分析

你在给他人提建议或某个同事正为做出一个决定而大伤脑筋的时候,答案在你看来却是再明显不过,正所谓“当局者迷,旁观者清。”这背后是有科学道理的。我们自己的决策能力会在一天中被消耗殆尽,导致优柔寡断或决策失误,而代表他人做出选择则不会落入同样的陷阱,从而是一项令人愉快的任务。

首席心理学家埃文·波尔曼说,这其中反映的问题就是“决策疲劳”:这是是一种在漫长的一天决策之后我们的决策质量出现下滑的一种现象。

例如,那些连续工作了几个小时的医生更倾向于给病人开抗生素,尽管这样做很多时候并不明智。波尔曼说:“这大概是因为直接开处方将病看完相对于做进行进一步的检查更为简单的缘故。”

然而,为他人做决定时则不会遭遇决策疲劳。当人们把自己想象成顾问,而自己为他人作出的选择与自己无关,他们就不会感到那么疲劳,也不会靠走捷径来做出这些选择。“一个担任顾问而不是为自己作出决定的人,不会受到决策疲劳的影响,”他说,“就像替别人作出选择是一件既有趣又解脱他人的事情。”

从他人那里获得信息不仅提供了一个全新的视角和思维过程,而且往往还包括更冒险的选择。尽管这听起来不可取,但这可能是一件非常好的事情。“当人们经历决策疲劳——也就是他们厌倦了做出选择的时候——他们会倾向于维持现状,”他说:“现状可能是有问题的,因为行动过程中作出改变有时很重要,并会带来积极的结果。”

为了获得成功或奖励,一定程度的风险总是必不可少的。“那些容易受决策疲劳影响的人可能会选择什么也不做,”他说:“这并不是说风险总是好的,但它与采取行动有关,而决策疲劳肯定会导致不作为。与其决策者因此而懊恼,不如另辟蹊径,但不幸的是,这总会受到觉得疲劳的阻碍。”

你能为别人出好注意,并不意味着你也会为自己做出好的选择。他告诫道:“研究发现,女性总是为他人而不是为自己争取更高的薪水。”他还补充说,人们总是反复于决策者和被决策者这两个角色之中。

【命题分析】题目设计以细节题为主,有不少题目题干中缺乏明显的向导词,需借助顺序法定位,好在定位难度都不大。【内容概要】本篇阅读理解介绍了一种心理学现象——决策疲劳,以科学的方式解释了“旁观者清,当局者迷”背后的原因。

【试题详解】

51.What does the author say about people making decisions? A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.【题干译文】作者对人们做出决策的看法是什么?

【选项译文】A.他们可能会因为做太多的决定而筋疲力竭。B.他们在给别人做决定时比为自己做决定时更加谨慎。C.他们倾向于以他们认为对他们有利的方式做出决定。D.他们在决策能力上表现出很大的差异。

【定位信息】本题题干中缺乏明显的向导词,making decisions是主题词,散落于文章各个地方,因此不适合作定位用的向导词。只有利用顺序法定位,该题作为本阅读文章的第一题,阅读点一般在文章开头或靠前的位置。【答案详解】答案是A。根据第一自然段第二句话:“Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices...”意思是:我们自己的决策能力会在一天中被消耗殆尽,导致优柔寡断或决策失误。决策能力被消耗殆尽,意味着人们可能会因为做太多的决定而筋疲力竭。

【干扰分析】本题为细节题,A选项中exhausted与对应的阅读点中depleted意义相关。其他几个选项迷惑性较小。

52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate? A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’ health.C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.【题干译文】医生的例子说明了什么?

【选项译文】A.病人很少在一天结束时得到应有的照顾。B.抗生素处方可能对患者健康有害。C.决策疲劳可能会阻碍人们做出明智的决定。D.医生尤其容易受到决策疲劳的影响。

【定位信息】题干中example以及physicians可作为向导词,结合顺序法,定位到第三自然段。

【答案详解】答案是C。根据第三自然段第一句话:“Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so.”意思是:例如,那些连续工作了几个小时的医生更倾向于给病人开抗生素,尽管这样做很多时候并不明智。这里以医生作为例子,证明了决策疲劳可能会阻碍人们做出明智的决定。

【干扰分析】本题为细节题,定位以及文中对应的阅读点均不难,其他几个选项迷惑性也较小。53.When do people feel less decision fatigue? A)When they take decision shortcuts.B)When they help others to make decisions.C)When they have major decisions to make.D)When they have advisers to turn to.【题干译文】人们在什么时候不太容易感到决策疲劳?

【选项译文】A.当他们考走捷径作出决定时。B.当他们帮助别人做决定时。C.当他们做出重大决定时。D.当他们有求助的顾问时。

【定位信息】题干中缺乏明显的向导词,decision fatigue也是主题词,散落于文章各个地方,因此不适合作定位用的向导词。只有利用顺序法定位,前面的52题在文中对应的阅读点在第三自然段,本题的阅读点在53题的阅读点也就是第三自然段第一句话之后的部分。结合选项,可以定位到第四自然段的第一句话。【答案详解】答案是B。根据第四自然段第一句话:“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.”意思是:然而,为他人做决定时则不会遭遇决策疲劳。那么人们在什么时候不太容易感到决策疲劳呢?答案自然是当他们帮助别人做决定时。

【干扰分析】本题为细节题,结合顺序法定位,不难找到该题在文中对应的阅读点,其他几个选项迷惑性较小。

54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A)They turn to physicians for advice.B)They tend to make risky decisions.C)They adopt a totally new perspective.D)They refrain from trying anything new.【题干译文】当决策疲劳时,人们可能会做什么?

【选项译文】A.他们会求助于医生。B.他们倾向于做出冒险的决定。C.他们会采纳全新的观点。D.他们不会尝试新的方法。

【定位信息】题干中缺乏明显的向导词,decision fatigue也是主题词,散落于文章各个地方,因此不适合作定位用的向导词。只有利用顺序法定位,前面的53题在文中对应的阅读点在第四自然段,本题的阅读点在53题的阅读点之后的部分,结合选项,可以定位到第五自然段。

【答案详解】答案是C。根据第五自然段第三句话:“When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo...”意思是:当人们经历决策疲劳——也就是他们厌倦了做出选择的时候——他们会倾向于维持现状。既然是维持现状,自然就不会尝试新的方法。

【干扰分析】本题为细节题,其他几个选项迷惑性较小。

55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.B)It is likely to entail serious consequences.C)It will enable people to be more creative.D)It will more often than not end in regret.【题干译文】关于在决策中冒一些风险,文中的观点是? 【选项译文】A.它对达到所期望的目标至关重要。B.这可能带来严重后果。C.它将使人们更有创造力。D.它往往会以后悔而告终。

【定位信息】题干中risk可作为向导词,结合顺序法,定位到第六自然段。【答案详解】答案是C。根据第六自然段第一句话:“In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.”意思是:为了获得成功或奖励,一定程度的风险总是必不可少的。既然必不可少,当然至关重要。【干扰分析】本题为细节题,很明显,A选项中的vital 以及reach the goal desired 分别与文中对应的阅读点中essential、achieve a successful outcome or reward相对应。

英语六级写作问题详细解析 篇2

这其实是许多考生自己需要反思的问题——学英语的意义何在?是模式化的死记硬背应付考试,还是能在不同的情境下用英语表达自己的观点?“反押题”其实准确来说是“反模板”,因为模板十分僵硬,很多考生甚至没搞懂模板结构的意思就死记硬背下来,在考场上写下模板,填上主题词,写作就算完事了。这种靠考前硬背模板、上了考场按模板填空的作文,其得分根本不能体现考生的实际英语表达能力,至少不能证明考生的语言表达能力可以应对不同场合的需要。语言是要应用在不同情境里的,哪怕你是个靠“套路”行走江湖的司仪,你也不可能把西式婚礼用的“模板”硬套在乡村式流水席的婚礼上吧?

所以笔者觉得,这次六级考试可以说是个彻底的里程碑,宣告“写作模板”必须退出六级考试的舞台,当然四级考试也是如此。

六级写作提高何去何从?

一、模板无法准备,但是常见情境需要的“功能表达”可以背诵

所谓“功能表达”,指的是具有诸如描述现象、分析原因、阐述影响、表达观点等特定功能的英语表达。这次六级考试的三个话题是让你想一想“当越来越多的机器人代替了人类劳动/越来越多的人参加在线教学/越来越多的人沉浸于虚拟世界时”会怎么样。这其实就是在让考生写一个事物带来的影响,也就是写“影响功能句”,这个方面需要详细展开重点写。当然也不是说通篇文章都只能写“这些事物带来的影响”,考生也可以写“原因功能句”:为什么机器人会越来越多地取代人类劳动呢?比如因为科学技术日新月异,或者出于安全和节约劳动力等因素考虑。考生还可以写“现象功能句”:机器人在各行各业以及人们的生活中越发常见,甚至可以举例说明它们的应用。最后考生还可以加上“观点功能句”:这样的现象有好也有不好,我们应该怎么做?这些都可以写,并且只有这样才能撑起较为完整的文章结构。拿这次六级真题中“当越来越多的机器人代替了人类劳动会怎样”的话题为例,这篇作文的写作结构可以作如下布局。

第一段:表明在科学技术日新月异的背景下(原因功能),机器人的使用变得越来越常见(现象功能),同时引出这个现象会给人类社会带来深远的影响。

(原因功能) In an age when science and technology changes with each passing day, (现象功能) the use of robots is becoming more and more popular and they are gradually taking the place of human beings in industry and our daily lives, (空泛影响) which is bound to exert profound influences on human society.

第二段:具体论述机器人的使用会对人类社会的未来产生什么影响:一方面,这能把人类从枯燥或是危险的工作中解脱出来;另一方面,这会使未来很多工作机会消失不见(不需要人类去做了)。最后进一步提出,机器人的使用有好的一面,也会对人类社会产生潜在的威胁。

(具体影响) On the one hand, human beings will be relieved of some tedious or dangerous work such as cleaning the floor or exploring the deep ocean. On the other hand, vast numbers of jobs will evaporate because they can be done by robots. Therefore, I believe that the use of robots that can make our lives much easier by reducing human labor, improving work efficiency and helping people avoid unnecessary danger will also pose a potential threat to human society. Many people will lose their jobs.

第三段:发表个人观点,机器的使用有好的一面也有不好的一面,人类的体力劳动会被取代,所以应该用好自己的“脑力”。

(观点功能) Accordingly, the use of robots, an inevitable trend in modern society, has its pros and cons. However, we create these machines and we are the masters of them. If we use robots to substitute our brawn (体力), we should learn to make better use of our brains.

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考生可以从讨论话题的实际需求出发,总结出以下这些常见的“功能表达”:

①陈述/展开现象;

②阐释原因;

③讨论影响;

④发表观点;

⑤实例辅助。

考生在日常学习时一定要善于发现,勤于记录,积累这些功能表达。比如在范文中,“A that can do B will also do C”这个句型(见左栏范文中的斜体部分)是来自于阅读真题中的句型;而exert profound influences on、pose a potential threat to这类表示影响的表达都是写作范文中的常用表达。下面笔者给考生罗列上述常见功能表达的具体例句,这些例句的写法都比较经典,值得大家背诵模仿,其中加粗部分都是考生可以在不同的话题中模仿套用的常见词或结构。

1陈述/展开现象

① In this day and age, people, especially young people, are becoming increasingly dependent on digital products, some of whom even forget how to write a simple word by themselves without the use of a computer or a mobile phone.

今时今日,人们,尤其是年轻人,变得越来越依赖数码产品,他们当中有些人不用电脑或手机甚至连一个简单的单词都写不对。

② Recent years have witnessed a phenomenon that there is an increase in the number of parents who see their children as little princes or princesses and think their children are the best of the best.

近年来目睹的一个现象就是,越来越多的家长把自己的孩子当成小王子或小公主,并且认为自己的孩子是最最优秀的。

2 阐释原因

① Why? The reasons are simple and can be listed as follows. To begin with, the parents and teachers are mainly responsible for such a phenomenon, for the reason that most of them only attach importance to children’s tests scores while totally turning a blind eye to their personal interests and overall development. What’s more, fierce competition in the job market drives students to concentrate on getting high scores in school tests so that they may graduate with an Honor’s Degree, which may help them get a decent job after graduation.

这个现象为什么发生呢?理由很简单,可罗列如下:首先,父母和老师要对这个现象负主要责任,因为他们中大多数人都只关注孩子的成绩,而对孩子的个人兴趣和全面发展熟视无睹。其次,就业市场的激烈竞争也在驱使学生专注于在学校考试中取得好成绩, 这样他们就能获得荣誉学位而毕业,而这能帮助他们在毕业之后找到一份体面的工作。

② It is understandable that in a society where fierce competition is going on in all areas of life, the great majority of people are living under a lot of pressure and are busy with their jobs, so it is not an easy task for them to exercise frequently.

可以理解的是,在一个各行各业竞争都很激烈的社会里,大多数人的生活压力都很大,都在忙于工作,所以对他们来说经常锻炼也不容易。

3 讨论影响

① Such a phenomenon is bound to adversely affect children’s emotional and intellectual growth as their parents’ words and deeds have far reaching influences on the formation of a child’s character. For instance, how can we expect a child to become a person of responsibility and moral integrity without his parents acting like good role models?

这样一个现象注定会对孩子的情感和智力成长产生负面的影响,因为父母的言行对孩子性格的形成有着深远的影响。进一步说,父母不能做好榜样,又怎么能期待他们的孩子成长为一个负责任、诚实正直的人呢?

② Optimism not only helps us face hardships and adversities bravely and confidently, but also lays a solid foundation for bringing our ability and potential into full play.

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乐观不仅帮助我们勇敢自信地面对困难和逆境,也同样为充分发挥我们的潜力和才能打下坚实的基础。

4 发表观点

① In my opinion, optimism is therefore a necessity of life and all of us should learn to keep our face turned towards the sunshine, be we in good times or bad times.

在我个人看来,乐观是一种生活的必需品,而我们都需要学着面朝阳光,无论身处困境还是逆境。

② As a matter of fact, as long as people can enhance their awareness of doing physical exercise, time is not a problem. For instance, they can run to work or ride bicycles; they can climb stairs instead of taking elevators. Always remember: “Life lies in movement.”

事实上,只要人们能够增强锻炼身体的意识,时间就不是问题。比如,人们可以跑步或骑自行车去上班,人们可以多走楼梯而不是乘电梯。记住:“生命在于运动。”

5 实例辅助

① The same modern digital devices that have provided great convenience for our life have also influenced our life in negative ways. For instance, an increasing number of youngsters are getting addicted to online games, both adults’ and youngsters’ spare time is occupied by mindlessly using various Apps on their phones and people are increasingly reluctant to leave their phones or computers, which undoubtedly wastes much precious time that should be spent in doing more meaningful things.

现代的数码设备给我们的社会带来巨大便利的同时也从负面影响着我们的生活。比如:越来越多的年轻人对网络游戏上瘾,无论成年人还是青少年的空闲时间都被漫无目的地使用手机中的App所占据了,人们也越来越离不开手机或电脑,这样做无疑会浪费掉很多原本可以做更有意义的事情的时间。

② There is no doubt that mutual learning is of great significance. The truth is that without mutual learning, Tu Youyou and her colleagues could never have succeeded in obtaining the pure substance qinghaosu since the whole process was so complicated that no one could have completed it alone.

毋庸置疑,相互学习的意义重大。事实是,如果没有相互学习,屠呦呦和她的同事就不可能成功地提取纯净物“青蒿素”,因为整个过程是如此复杂,一个人不可能独立完成。

二、模板无法准备,但是话题可以预测

作文题目的要求可以有各种变化,但是四、六级写作集中关注的几个大话题还是不会有多少变化。比如,今年笔者的“20篇押题作文”的前两篇就是关于科技与生活类的,这类话题在四、六级考试中出现的频率最高。同时还有关于家庭教育、学校教育、同学影响类的话题也是经常出现,这次四级考试就考了这方面的话题,而在此之前也考过“对我影响最大的一位同学”“获益最多的一次校园活动”“印象最深刻的一门课”等类似的话题。考生需要重点关注的最后一个话题就是“个人品质”,这类话题常常以引言作文的形式出现,比如“坚强的意志、好奇心、做好小事、做行动派……”建议考生在考前一个月多关注这些写作话题,去看一些靠谱的作文预测和范文,在看的过程中一定要做好摘录,摘录每一类话题中常见的高频用词和句型,然后自己去仿写几篇类似话题的作文,找老师进行批改,这样的提升效果是立竿见影的。

三、模板无法准备,但是高分句型可以练习

六级作文对于考生语言质量的要求在于“准确性”和“多样性”。“准确性”需要考生重视英语基本的句法规则,在日常英语学习的过程中强化语法的基本概念。对于“多样性”,考生们需要多积累不同的用词和句式表达。在此笔者给考生列出六级作文中一定能用上的高分句型。

1. 定语从句的灵活应用

We live in an age when science and technology changes with each passing day.

我们生活在一个科学技术日新月异的时代。

We live in a society where temptations, such as alcohol, drugs and gambling, abound.

我们的生活里充满了各种诱惑,如毒品、赌博、酒精等。

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2. 状语从句的省略

When (they are) confronted with difficulties and challenges, young people who lack self-confidence tend to give up easily.

当面临困难和挑战的时候,缺乏自信的年轻人往往容易放弃。

在此,需要说明的是,如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语动词中含有be动词,此时从句往往可以省略“主语和be动词”。

3. 强调句

It was confidence that enabled Liu Xiang to overcome his serious injury and reach the peak of his career.

正是自信使得刘翔能够克服严重的伤病,到达事业的顶峰。

4. 倒装句

Only by doing our best today can we be sure that we are really making an effort to improve ourselves and we are approaching our goals step by step.

只有在当下尽力做到最好,我们才能确保我们真的在努力提高自身,且一步步地接近我们的目标。

5. 同位语

The use of robots, an inevitable trend in modern society, has its pros and cons.

机器人的使用作为现代社会一个不可避免的趋势既有好的一面也有不好的一面。

6. 虚拟语气

It is critical that important decisions be made on the basis of comprehensive investigation and analysis.

关键的是,重要的决定应该在综合的调查和分析的基础上做出。

值得注意的是,这类虚拟表达的句式为:“It is important/urgent/necessary/imperative (或其他表示观点和态度的形容词) that sb. (should可省略) do sth.”

不为考试而学习英语

写作能力的提高和口语一样,是输出能力的提高,需要大量的、准确的和反复的信息输入,同时更需要及时的、有效的和反复的输出练习。和中文的学习一样,大量的积累和重复是练好写作的唯一途径。为了通过考试,短期内集中突击是个可行的方法,但是若想真正提高英语的表达能力,路漫漫其修远兮。

不是所有学生都需要学习英语,如果你的目标只是为了应付考试,那么希望你能尽早解脱,把时间花在自己想做的事情上;如果你觉得自己想学也觉得有必要学好英语,那么希望在“反押题/反模板”的压力之下,你能知道学语言是为了在不同情境下表达自己的想法。面对英语学习,我们应该“少一点套路,多一点真诚”。像高中学习语文那样,去读外刊、读原著、看美剧、看电影……不仅要看,更要模仿,像个学母语的孩子一样。

英语六级写作问题详细解析 篇3

一、基础阶段:(2013年1月-2013年3月初)

1、背单词:买一本单词书或者直接从网上下载最新词汇表(书)-新四级词汇大全(附有音标)最新六级词汇大全。每天100个单词把中文意思一定要背过会拼写争取在寒假内把词汇表中的约4000(5500)个单词全部过一遍有个大体印象。

2、练听力:听力在考试前一个月突击是没有什么太大的效果的。所以,在基础阶段时,要加大听力的练习。大家不需要特意去练习考试听力。可以从网上下载一些听力资料,也可以在线听。大家论坛为大家准备了英语听写资料VOA, BBC, CNN新闻听力练习100篇,每天听一篇,相信大家在9月份开学时,会有很大的收获因为四六级的听力语速很慢每天只需要听一篇。但是一定要一边听一遍写,直到能把英语都写下来,无论听多少遍。这就需要大家在寒假有着执着的学习精神。

3、语法:很多四六级考生在四六级答题时,尤其是在写作和深度阅读部分,语法问题很严重。可以适当地把四六级语法整体学习一下。

二、强化阶段:(2013年3月初-5月中旬)

1、词汇掌握:由于在寒假里以及假期前后大家的辛苦学习,单词基本已经掌握的差不多了。但在开学后的两个月里,还需要定时复习寒假里已经掌握的单词。单词需要至少3遍才能完全掌握。所以大家可以一周复习一部分单词,这时候的重点就要放在高频词汇上。六级-1000个高频词汇(听力加强版),四级-1000个高频词汇-(听力加强版)。

2、阅读理解:将历年的四六级真题的阅读一篇一篇的看。难度并不大,自己好好分析,对照答案的说明然后做一遍。每天一篇,每份真题有两篇仔细阅读,一篇快速阅读。从2001年到2012年大约一共有90篇,只需要把这些文章分析的彻底,问题就不大

3、练听力还是以VOA的听力为主每天一篇写下来再对照答案。

三、冲刺阶段:(5月中旬-6月中旬)

1、背单词:再将单词从头至尾背一遍。最多用一星期的时间把单词复习第三遍。

2、练听力:这个阶段一定要开始练习历年真题的听力了。这时候要利用听力技巧。四六级听力技巧汇总,总会有一种方法适合你

3、做阅读:将做过的阅读在重新看看,哪里还有不懂及时解决。在做快速阅读时,不要先看文章,要先看题目,从题目去文章中定位,养成习惯,这样在考试时就不至于因为时间问题而做不完试卷。

4、写作:这个需要大家多看范文,从这些资料里找自己需要的写作资料吧!

5、翻译:同样将历年真题一道一道的认真做下来。每做完几年的,就做一个对比会,发现知识点都是重复出现的,所以翻译相对简单。另外要注意一些重点词组。

12月英语六级翻译原文及解析 篇4

1.第1句中的“全长……公里”可表达为is... kilometers long,也可表达为has a length of..., kilometers。“第二长河”,在数量、规模等方面要表达“第几长”、“第几大”时应该是序数词加上形容词的最高级,故这里译为the second longestriver。“仅次于”可以表达为only second to或second to,如“他举世无双”,译为 He is second to none。

2.翻译第2句“黄河发源于……,流经……,最后流入……,可沿用原文的结构,译作The Yellow River has itsorigin in...,flows through..., and finally pours itself into...,但此种译法稍显生硬、平淡。可将 “黄河发源于…”处理为状语,用介词短语With its origin in...表达,使译文主次分明。“青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等9个省区”翻译时可以先译中心词“9个省区”,具体的省区名称可以用such as引出,作为进一步说明。“流经”、“流入渤海”,这里的“流”可译为flow,但为了避免用词重复、译文表达丰富,“流人渤海”可更换表达为 enter the sea,reach the sea 或 pours itself into the sea。

3.第3句中的原因状语“由于夹带了大量的泥沙”表达为because it carries a lot of silt。“呈黄色”表达为inyellow 或 in the color of yellow,介词 in 表示“处于某种状态”。

4.第4句中的“黄河流域给中华文明带来……”可直译为the Yellow River basin brings significant influenceto...”但这样处理不如将名词短语“巨大的影响”转译为动词短语来得简单明了,表达为the Yellow River basininfluences... significantly。

参考译文:

英语六级写作经典句型 篇5

经典总结:英语四六级作文八种常用句型

经典总结:英语四六级作文八种常用句型

(一)原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4.The factors that contribute to this situation include...5.The change in...largely results from the fact that...6.We may blame...,but the real causes are...7.Part of the explanations for it is that...One of the most common factors(causes.is that...Another contributing factor(cause.is...Perhaps the primary factor is that …

But the fundamental cause is that

(二)比较

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