交通工具英语谜语(共9篇)
交通工具英语谜语 篇1
关于交通工具的谜语
旦(一列直达车 )
反甲临阵(邮车 )
风雨同舟(汽船 )
午门斩首(驴车)
个人独走(自行车)
岁岁有东风(载重车)
峰回路转(山地自行车)
上下共盼英才(双层巴士)
共看明月应垂泪(观光号 )
一扫国耻会有期(豪华中巴)
问讯吴刚何所有(空中索道)
过往马路要注意(交通警车 )
十载寒窗望一举成名(中巴士)
加快军队建设步伐(提速列车)
繁荣祖国、要靠人才。(豪华巴士 )
便是木床低宅,也要携手相依。(摩托 )
身披大红袍,出门尖声叫,哪里有火情,就往哪里跑。(救火车)
乘客进了舱,转眼飞上天,航行几千里,全凭铁翅膀。(飞机)
一身白素袍,出门使劲叫,病人危难时,叫它它就到。(急救车)
六对轱辘驮,各种货物多,拉到工地上,吊车卸下货。(大货车)
兄弟一般高,出门就赛跑,速度一样快,总也追不到。(自行车)
像只大蜻蜓,垂直升和降,巡逻和抢救,它都是先锋。( 直升机)
北极天气冷,海水冻成冰,船头赛坦克,冰里能穿行。(破冰船)
远看像条龙,近看活动城,日行千里路,载人去旅行。(火车)
模样像大象,鼻子长几丈,力气大无比,装煤又卸粮。(吊车)
交通工具英语谜语 篇2
按照知识的类型, 英语学科应归属于人文学科, 也就是说, 英语教学内容通过语言符号不但实现了展示语言知识的功能, 而且传递了知识。从英语教学的内容来看, 英语课程提供了体现于语言符号的知识, 这种知识与学习者的生话经历或者社会环境相关, 承担了向学习者呈现社会问题、社会冲突以及人与自然的相互关系的责任。
英语的工具性, 主要是为了解决语言文字的理解和运用的问题, 使学生通过语言文字这个基础, 懂得相关的知识, 并具有使用的能力。最简单的例子, 就是做英语的数学应用题时, 必须通过对其英语表述的准确理解, 才能很好地解决问题, 得出正确的答案。这应当就是语言所具有的认识世界的功能, 是认识工具的特性。在改革开放、经济大潮涌动的当代, 不仅在学习工作、查阅资料、获取信息、掌握当今先进的科学技术, 需要掌握英语, 中国与世界在诸多方面的逐步接轨, 更离不开英语这一重要的工具。
二、工具型动机和融入型动机
动机一般被视作促使某人行动的内在驱使力量, 或者更专业的讲, 动机是指人们为实现某一目标或避免某种经历所做出的选择和在这种前提下他们付出的努力程度。如果一个学生想实现一个目标, 如果这个目标有足够诱人, 他就会有强烈的目标并可以为了实现这个目标做任何事。
在对第二语言学习的研究中, Gardner和Lambert首先提出了工具型动机和融入型动机的区别。带着“工具型动机”的学习者希望, 通过利用第二语言达到自己的目标, 侧重“学习一门新的语言的实际价值和好处”。带着“融入型动机”的学习者希望自己能融入第二语言的文化中, 表现出一种“对于该种语言下的文化和人民的真诚的个人兴趣。”前者需要语言, 后者喜欢语言。前者有明确的实用性目的, 后者没有明确的目的。前者是被动学习, 后者是主动学习。
一些研究者指出, 融入型动机对于外语学习的成功是绝对必要的。但是Gardner也指出, 在一定条件下工具动机可以成为成功习得语言的有效动机。综合动机和工具动机哪个更重要, 在很大程度上是由语言学习的环境决定的。如果文化环境对习得外语是有实际价值的, 那么综合取向不是一定会促成外语学习的成功。
三、英语的工具性功能凸显不够
当前的大学英语教学最突出而又常常被忽略的一个最关键问题, 就是英语的工具性功能凸显不够。因此, 大学英语教学是人文素质教育, 实际上己成为广大教师实施具体教学的指导思想。但社会用人单位和学生本人的英语学习需求调查, 都揭示了他们最需要的是过硬的英语水平和英语工作能力。蔡基刚还从国家和社会的需要角度提出, 在一个全球经济和科技发展的时代, 外语教学应尤其重视外语的工具性功能。
看看那些或己经出国或正在国外留学的学生们给在校大学生们关于英语学习的一些建议:“我 ( 毕业于计算机学院) 是靠读计算机类英文教材及论文学好英语的”;“你将来出国是要去做专业研究的, 而不是去读英语的, 学好你专业方而的知识才是根本中的根本, 才是国外教授录取你的关键”。所有这些都说明, 凸显英语的工具性, 不仅顺应国家和社会发展的需要, 也反映了广大学生的心声。最重要的一点, 英语是一门工具, 对绝大部分人来说, 我们是用这门工具去传递信息, 因此应用是英语学习的动力和目标, 也是坚持英语学习的动力所在。
工具论也常常和应试教学联系在一起了。承认工具说, 就等于助长应试教学的风气。此外, 外语专业和非外语专业的英语学习目标是有很大区别的。前者整个本科4年, 学生学习的就是外语, 而且今后的毕业方向是从事外语工作, 如翻译、外语教学和语言研究等, 因此不仅在时间保证上, 而且在需要上都应该把跨文化知识等包括进教学。但后者有自己比较确定的专业学习方向, 外语只不过是其中一门次要课程。根据《大学英语教学大纲》4年英语教学只有280个学时, 仅此一点就很难开设莎士比亚、希腊罗马、文艺复兴、西方哲学等这些被英语专业人士视为人文素质教育的核心课程。因此, 在外语专业突出工具和在非外语专业突出工具不应一概而论。非外语专业人士视外语为工具, 完全无可厚非, 因为外语在他们手里的的确确是在当作工具使用和发挥作用的。然而, 外语专业圈内, 如果也把外语视为工具, 必然会忽视外语专业的学术内涵。
四、通过对英语工具性的认识来激发学习英语的工具型动机
首先, 正确积极地认识外语的工具性。外语工具论之所以在我国名声不佳和外语工具的定义及其所指有关。在大学英语领域内, 则是和应试教学的盛行有关。大学英语教学基本上都是围绕着四、六级考试组织的, 实用目的很强。学英语, 就是通过四、六级考试, 但这明显是对外语的工具性狭隘的认知。通过上文, 我们已经认识到, 外语的工具性并不只局限于应试, 所以教师首先要对外语的工具性有一个正确的认识, 并对学生进行引导。
其次, 通过对学生工具型动机的激发, 来使英语的工具性在外语学习中发挥积极作用。在学习知识的层面上, 语言是知识的载体, 所以学生不光可以通过汉语习得知识, 也可以通过英语来学习。在非英语专业里, 并不是每一个学生都会对一种语言产生兴趣, 从而积极地进行学习。学生们的兴趣广泛, 同时他们还有自己的专业需要研究。教师可以帮助学生认识到英语的工具性不只是应付考试, 还可以用在其专业知识的学习, 将来的就业和兴趣爱好的发展中起到积极的作用。在学生了解了英语工具性的真正含义后, 他们的工具型动机就会被强化, 从而使他们在英语的学习中取得成功。
总之, 英语的习得是受多方因素影响的, 情感因素是其中一个不可忽视的方面。英语学习的工具型动机虽然是一个外部因素, 但如果通过认清外语的工具性来激发学生的工具型动机, 也会在英语学习方面起到积极的作用。
摘要:动机可能是解释一项任务成功与否最常用的一个词汇了。在语言学习中, 动机可以分为工具型动机和融入型动机。但一直以来, 工具型动机在外语学习中都备受诟病, 被视作是一种与应试考试相联系的一种动机。这实际上是对英语的工具性认识不清。但随着对大学英语教学改革的深入研究, 我们应该对工具型动机有新的认识, 并使其发挥积极的作用。
关键词:英语,工具性,工具型动机,大学英语
参考文献
[1]徐锦芬.我国大学英语教学的问题与对策[J].当代外语研究, 2011, (10) :26-31.
[2]蔡基刚.全球化背景下外语教学工具与素质之争的意义[J].外国语, 2010, (06) :33-40.
小学趣味英语——猜谜语 篇3
It's__________________.
2.What a room has no walls,no doors,no windows,and no floors?
It's__________________.
3.What has hands but no feet,a face but no eyes,tells but not talk?
It's__________________.
4.What is blank when it is clean and white when it is dirty?
It's__________________.
5.What has a soft bed but never sleeps,a big mouth but never speaks?
It's__________________.
6.What has teeth but can't eat?
It's__________________.
7.What has hands but no feet,a face but no eyes,tells but does not talk?
It's__________________.
8.How many months have 28 days?
__________________.
1.hotdog 2.mushroom 3.clock 4.blackboard 5.A river. 6.A comb.
英语谜语带翻译 篇4
1.what is the longest word in the world? key:smile.谜语解析:因为两个s隔了一里(mile)2.what letter is an animal? key--b(bee)哪个字母是一个动物 答案:b 3.what letter stands for the ocean? key:c(sea)哪个字母坐落在海边?答案:c(sea)4.what letter is a question? key:y 哪个字母是一个问题? 英语谜语答案:y(why)5.what letter is your eye? key:i 哪个字母是你的眼睛? 答案:i(eye)6.what letter is a vegetable? key:p 哪个字母是一种蔬菜 答案:p(pea)豌豆
7.what stays hot even if put it in a fridge? key:pepper 什么东西即使放到冰箱中也是热的? 答案:pepper(胡椒粉)谜语解析:hot也有辣的意思 8.what fruit is never found singly? key:pear 什么水果永远都不会是单数? 答案:pear(梨)谜语解析:pear和pair(一双)读音相同 9.with which hand do you write? key:neither,i use a pen!你用哪只手写字呢? 谜语答案:都不用,我用笔
10.what man cannot live in a house?什么人不能住在房子里? 谜语答案:snowman(雪人)
11.what never asks questions but gets a lot of answers? 什么东西永远不问问题但是却能得到很多答案? 谜语答案:dictionary(字典)
12.what question can you never answer yes to? 什么问题你永远也不能回答是
谜语答案:are you dead?(你死了吗?)are you asleep?(你睡着了吗)13.you have it.you read it.therere some pictures in it? 你拥有它,你可以阅读它,它有些图片在里面,它是什么? 谜语答案:book(书)
14.a mouse has a large pocket. what is it? 一种鼠有一个大袋子,它是什么? 谜语答案:a kangaroo(袋鼠)15.it has a head,but no neck.it has a body,but no warmth.no feet,but can travel? 它有头,但没有脖子,有身体,但不温暖,没有脚,却能旅行。谜语答案:a car(汽车)16.what gets larger,the more you take away? 什么东西你拿走越多,反而越大?
谜语答案:ahole.洞17.what goes on four legs in the morning,on two at noon,and on three in the evening? 什么走路开始用四条腿,后来用两条腿,最后用三条腿?
谜语答案:people.they crawled when they were babies and walked with two legs before they had to rely on a crutch in old age.是人,他们刚生下来的时候用四肢爬行,后来用双腿走路,老年时又不得不依靠拐杖走。18.what do we get if we cross a woodpecker with a homing pigeon? 把一只啄木鸟和一只识途的鸽子融合在一起,会得到什么?
谜语答案:a bird that knocks on the door when delivering messages.将得到一只送信时会敲门的鸟。
谜语答案:in the dictionary.在字典里。
20.what do you know about the kings of france? 你对法国君主有什么了解? 谜语答案:they are all dead.他们都死了。
21.what must you do before you return a book to the library? key:borrow the book from library 把书换到图书馆之前你必须做什么? 谜语大全及答案:从图书馆借书
22.how many sides does a circle have? key:two,the inside and the outside 一个圆有几个面?脑筋急转弯答案:两面,里面和外面
23.what tree is always very sad? key:weeping willow 什么书树总是很伤心?答案:垂柳.谜语解析:weeping willow的意思是垂柳,weeping是哭,willow是柳树24.what is full when its used and empty when its at rest? key:a shoe 什么东西在使用它的时候是满的,在他休息的时候是空的。脑筋急转弯答案:鞋
25.when can you get water with a net? key:when water is turned into ice 什么时候你可以用用网拿到水呢? 英语脑筋急转弯答案:当水变成冰的时候
26.why are people tired on april fools day? key:because they have just had a long march.为什么在四月一日愚人节人们都很累?答案:因为他们刚度过了一个很长的三月(行军).march除了三月以外还有行军的意思。
27.whats the poorest bank in the world? key:the river bank 世界上最贫穷的银行是什么?答案:河岸。bank还有河岸的意思
28.what is heavier in summer than in winter? key:traffic to the beach 什么东西夏天比冬天重?答案:去海滩的车流 解释:heavy除了重的意思,还有交通量大的,繁忙的意思。
29.what can pierce ones ears without a hole? key:noise,voice什么东西能穿透一个人的耳朵而不留下一个洞?答案:噪音,声音。
30.whats too much for two and just right for one? key:a secret 什么东西对两个人来说太多,一个人刚刚好? 答案:秘密,因为两个知道就是不是秘密了。31.what tree letters turn a girl into a woman? key:age 哪三个字母把一个女孩变成了妇女? 答案:年龄 什么东西有两条腿却不能走路 答案:圆规
33.what is pronounced like one letter,written with three letters,and belongs to all animals? key:eye 什么东西读起来像是一个字母,写起来是三个字母,并且所有动画都有它呢? 答案:eye(眼睛)34.what bird lifts heavy things? key:crane 什么鸟可以举起来很重的东西? 答案:crane(鹤,另外一个意思是举重机)35.what always goes up and never goes down? key:your age 什么东西永远只升不降 答案:你的年龄
36.what will you break once you say it? key:silence 什么东西你说出来就打破了它? 答案:沉默 37.why is the libray the highest building? key:it has the most stories? 为什么图书馆是最高的建筑? 答案:因为它有所有的楼层(story篇二:英语谜语带翻译(1)1.what is the longest word in the world? key:smile.谜语解析:因为两个s隔了一里(mile)2.what letter is an animal? key--b(bee)3.what letter stands for the ocean? key:c(sea)what letter is a question? key: y(why)5.what letter is your eye?key:i(eye)6.what letter is a vegetable? key:p(pea)豌豆 7.what stays hot even if put it in a fridge? 答案:pepper(胡椒粉)谜语解析:hot也有辣的意思 8.what fruit is never found singly? 答案:pear(梨)谜语解析:pear和pair(一双)读音相同 9.with which hand do you write? key:neither,i use a pen!10.what man cannot live in a house? key: snowman 11.what never asks questions but gets a lot of answers? 谜语答案:dictionary(字典)
8.what question can you never answer yes to? 谜语答案:are you dead?(你死了吗?)are you asleep?(你睡着了吗)13.you have it.you read it.therere some pictures in it? 谜语答案:book(书)
14.14.a mouse has a large pocket. what is it? 谜语答案:a kangaroo(袋鼠)15.it has a head,but no neck.it has a body,but no warmth.no feet,but can travel?谜语答案:a car(汽车)
16.what gets larger,the more you take away?谜语答案:ahole.洞 17.what goes on four legs in the morning,on two at noon,and on three in the evening? 谜语答案:people.they crawled when they were babies and walked with two legs before they had to rely on a crutch in old age.18.what do we get if we cross a woodpecker with a homing pigeon? 谜语答案:a bird that knocks on the door when delivering messages.谜语答案:in the dictionary.在字典里
20.what do you know about the kings of france? 谜语答案:they are all dead.他们都死了
21.what must you do before you return a book to the library? key :borrow the book from the library.22.how many sides does a circle have? key:two,the inside and the outside 23.what tree is always very sad? 答案:weeping willow的意思是垂柳,weeping是哭,willow是柳树 24.what is full when its used and empty when its at rest? key:a shoe 25.when can you get water with a net? key:when water is turned into ice 26.why are people tired on april fools day? key:because they have just had a long march.答案:因为他们刚度过了一个很长的三月(行军).march除了三月以外还有行军的意思。27.whats the poorest bank in the world? 答案:河岸。bank还有河岸的意思
28.what is heavier in summer than in winter? key:traffic to the beach答案:去海滩的车流解释:heavy除了重的意思,还有交通量大的,繁忙的意思。
29.what can pierce ones ears without a hole? key:noise,voice 30.whats too much for two and just right for one? key:a secret 什么东西对两个人来说太多,一个人刚刚好? 答案:秘密,因为两个知道就是不是秘密了。31.what tree letters turn a girl into a woman? key:age 33.what is pronounced like one letter,written with three letters,and belongs to all animals? 答案:eye(眼睛)34.what bird lifts heavy things? 32.答案:crane鹤,另外一个意思是举重机)35.what always goes up and never goes down? key:your age答案:你的年龄
36.what will you break once you say it? key:silence答案:沉默
37.why is the library the highest building? key:it has the most stories? key: theyre married on the same day答案:他们都在同一天结婚
39.what word is pronounced wrong,even by the best of scholars? 答案:wrong(错)40.what animal is taller sitting down than standing up? key:a dog答案:狗
41.what is black when its clean and white when its dirty? key:a blackboard答案:黑板
42.what 5-letter word has 6 left when you take 2 letters away? 33.答案:sixth,去掉后是six 43.a big indian and a little indian are walking down the street ,the little indian is the son of the big indian ,but the big indian is not the father of the little indian ,how is this possible? key:the big indian is the mother of the little indian 44.what has four eyes but cannot see? 谜语答案:mississippi 谜语解析:有4个i,但是因为是地名,所以看不见。
45.whats the beginning of eternity, the end of time and space;thebeginning of end, and the end of every place? key:the letter e 45.what can you catch but cannot throw? key :a cold答案:感冒(catch a cold),英文中感冒为catch a cold 46.what is deaf and dumb but always tells the truth? key:mirror 47.what has a tongue but cannot talk? key: a shoe 48.what has teeth but cannot eat? key:corn玉米
49.what is yours but is used by others more than by yourself? key:your name 54.which number is unlucky in western culture?(c)a.11b.12c.13d.14 51.大家都知道,如果路边的小屋上写有w.c.的字样,那大概就是一个可以方便的地方。请问w.c.的完整英语形式是怎样的?(c)a.washing room b.washing case c.water closet d.water caster 52.人有绰号,城市有绰号,有趣的是,有的国家也有绰号,如美国的绰号是______,英国的绰号是______。(d)a.aunt sam, uncle john b.new continent, great britain c.washington, elizabeth d.uncle sam, john bull篇三:英语口语每日谜语第110期 英语谜语及答案翻译 英语口语:每日谜语第110期 英语谜语及答案翻译 英语谜语20则
英语谜语天气 篇5
What can hear without ears and answer without a mouth?字谜语大全及答案
(什么东西没有耳朵却能听,没有嘴巴却能回答你?)
2 What room has no walls,no doors,no windows,and no floors?
(什么“ROOM”没有墙壁也没有门窗、地板?)
3 What is dark but is made by light ?
(什么东西由光引起,但本身却是暗的?)
4 What is easy to get into but hard to get out of ?
(什么进去容易出来难?)
5 What is black When it is clean and white when it is dirty?
英语趣味谜语经典 篇6
2、stars or dreams
3、a hole
4、a secret or silence
5、a fire
6、Lunch and dinner.
7、one word
8、nothing
9、Our age.
10、a peacock
11、an umbrella
12、Shirt, jacket, sweater. . .
13、none or gone
14、timetable
15、66
16、mushroom
17、your teeth
18、y
19、p
20、Heat, because you can catch a cold.
21、b
22、u
23、c
24、t
25、g
26、bed , desk
27、watch, clock
28、M
29、vegetable
30、blackboard
31、He is six
32、myself
33、A: your name
34、a snowman
35、a map
36、a man on horseback
37、time
38、dream
39 The letter “t”.
交通工具英语谜语 篇7
中国铁路跨越式发展, 以及各城市经济圈对于改善城市交通的迫切需求, 促使轨道交通行业发展迎来快速发展时期。国外的轨道交通车辆主机厂和主要部件供应商, 如ALSTOM、BOMBARDIER、SIEMENS等, 通过产品销售、技术转让等形式, 进入中国市场。以欧洲技术为主导的轨道车辆技术, 逐步成为国内轨道车辆技术的主流。
欧洲轨道车辆技术在中国的推广应用, 促使国内企业在全面进行技术引进、吸收、消化过程中, 对轨道车辆专业技术的翻译提出了更加专业化的要求。目前, 由于行业术语缺乏统一性, 术语定义方面的国家标准更新相对滞后, 行业内部由于市场竞争而缺乏交流, 相关的术语定义文献非常匮乏, 导致行业术语在一定程度上被误解、误译, 从而给引进轨道车辆技术的发展带来桎梏。
笔者多年从事轨道交通车辆技术、商务翻译和校审工作, 在工作中, 遇到了许多对于术语翻译不准确带来的工作困难。基于此, 本文利用多年累积的行业术语翻译经验, 按照行业内的常用的中文术语, 尝试对部分经常出现歧义的车辆专业词汇进行内涵解释并给出译文, 希望能够对专业技术人员提高专业词汇翻译理解, 以及提高专业译者的职业技术能力有所帮助。
2 基础类专业新词
车辆专业术语最为常见的是基础类专业术语。译者可以采用意译法、音译法、半音半译法等进行术语本地化的翻译。所谓“专业术语的译法就是直接将专业术语的源语含义翻译成汉语, 是专业术语翻译的主要形式, 具有概念明确、易懂易记的优点”[1]。
Articulation:“铰接”, 英文原意为“关节”。现在车辆领域内, 特指一种灵活、柔性的连接方式。这种连接方式目前在低地板车辆上被广泛应用, 以实现车辆在坡道、弯道的良好通过性。
Independent wheel-set:“独立轮对”。轮对是两轮一轴的总称。所谓独立轮对, 其车轮轮对的左右车轮之间不存在刚性连接, 并可以绕各自车轴自由转动。所以我们这里采用直译的方法。
Axle wheel-set bogie:“带轴轮对转向架”。文中“Wheel-set”本意为“轮对”, 其本身已经包含两个车轮和一个车轴。然而, 这里英文中再一次出现“Axle”时, 应该如何处理呢?在新型低地板车辆中, 默认的轮对与传统意义的轮对概念有所不同, 因此此处不适合省略此处对“Axle”的翻译, 须译成“带轴轮对”, 与“独立 (无轴) ”轮对进行区别。
Electro-magnetic track brake:“电磁轨道制动”。其指安装在转向架上的线圈装置。电磁轨道制动分为非接触式和接触式两种方式。目前在国内新型低地板轨道车辆上采用的是接触式电磁轨道制动。其通过线圈得电 (Electro) 后产生磁力 (Magnetic) 与轨道进行摩擦, 从而获得制动力。
Electro-dynamic brake:“电制动”。其指电机通过发电机的形式, 将车辆的动能 (Dynamic) 转化成电能反馈到接触网上, 从而获得制动力。由于技术人员在交流时, 并不强调制动转化过程, 因此在翻译“Electro-dynamic brake”时, 应省略“Dynamic” (动能) , 直接翻译成“电制动”。
Electro-hydraulic brake:“电液压制动”。其指通过电信号来控制液压控制回路的电磁阀、限压阀等装置, 最终使液压设备执行机械制动。
Converter:“变流器、变频器”等。英文释译:“a device for changing one substance or form or state into another”。翻译时, 应结合技术背景, 划定原文中的表述领域, 再选定合适的译词。
Inverter:“变流器、逆变器”。当Inverter在原文中单独出现时, 译者可以使用变流器或者逆变器。但是, 在描述具体的技术问题时, Converter通常会与Inverter共同出现。译者在这种情况下, 应采用“逆变器”则更为合适。
Isolation:“隔离、绝缘”。在物理方面, 译为隔离;电气方面, 则译为绝缘。“Isolation”通常应用于物理方面, 因此, 译者在汉译英“隔离”时, 应首选Isolation。
Insulation:“绝缘、隔离”。在车辆领域中, “Insulation”与“Isolation”的释译有所交叠, 因此当两词同时出现时, 应仔细辨别。但“Insulation”通常应用与电气方面, 因此, 译者在汉译英“绝缘”时, 应首选Insulation。
3 特定语义类新词
在车辆专业术语中, 经常能够遇到日常的英文词汇, 但由于语境的变化, 其语义也相应发生了改变。“如:concrete pavement中的concrete在日常英语中为“具体的”, 而在此时是“混凝土”的意思”[2]。
Deadman:在一般语境中, 通常指木桩或者水泥桩等。但是在车辆专业词汇“Deadman switch”中, 则应译为“警惕”按钮。该按钮通常与司控器手柄集成在一起, 在车辆运行过程中, 当司机不按照操作规程 (按下30秒松开3秒, 如此循环反复, 松开及按下操作将会有声光提示) 操作该按钮时, 将会触发紧急制动。此按钮设计目的是为了防止司机在驾驶过程中失去警觉, 因此, 在本地化“Deadman”一词时, 应采用意译法。
Boss:在一般语境中, 通常指老板、首领、工头等。但在车辆专业词汇“Wheel boss”中, 则应翻译为轮“毂”、轮“心”, 即一轴与另一轴耦合处或一轴与机轮或齿轮楔合处的增大部分。
Bus:在一般语境中, 通常指公共汽车、校车等。但在车辆专业词汇“Multifunction Vehicle Bus”中, 则应翻译为多功能“母线”。
Stop:在一般语境中, 通常指停止、逗留、障碍等。但是在车辆的专业词汇中, 通常译为“止档”, 例如:Rubber stop:橡胶止档, 即一种橡胶材质制成的缓冲件。
Nose:在一般语境中, 通常指鼻子、探听等。但是在车辆专业词汇“Nose of primary part”中, 则应译为基础件“端头”。
Mirror:“后视摄像头”。在一般语境汇中, “Mirror”译为镜子等。但是在车辆的专业词汇“Mirror camera”应延伸为“后视”摄像头。在新型低地板车辆领域中, “Mirror camera”可以在车辆正常行使时, 可以为司机实时提供后视动态影像;在站台停靠时, 司机也可以选择同一侧的后视摄像头, 观察乘客上下车的情况。所以这里译为“后视摄像头”, 而不是“后视镜”, 也不是“倒车镜”。
4 新缩略词
车辆专业术语中, “为了更加简洁、直观和术语规范化”[3], 经常会拟定或者默认一些缩略词。这些缩略新词通常会在首次技术转让时加以定义, 经过多次技术交流和项目的推广、应用逐渐被整个行业内认可。
LFT:“低地板有轨电车” (Low Floor Tram) 。所谓“低”的概念是指车辆地板面到轨面的距离低于400mm, 且入口高度在320—350mm之间。低地板车辆的应用实现了无站台的概念, 同时方便了残疾人士、婴幼儿车的上下车。
CFO:“无触网运行” (Catenary Free Operation) 。通常, 车辆通过供受电弓取流的接触网 (即高压输电线) 获得能量, 从而实现正常运行、运营。而为了美化城市形象, 新型低地板轨道交通大多采用无触网的方式运行。“无触网运行”指的是车辆通过蓄电池、超级电容等其他方式 (非接触网) 来获得能量, 从而实现正常运行、运营。
DCU:“牵引控制单元” (Drive Control Unit) 或者“车门控制单元” (Door Control Unit) 。需要强调一点, 其作为“牵引控制单元”出现时, 其中“Drive”, 不宜翻译成驾驶。该控制单元, 位于牵引设备中, 仅作为驾驶控制的一部分。译者在选词造句时, 应充分利用技术背景, 准确划分区域, 仔细斟酌。
ATC:“列车自动控制” (Automatic Train Control) 。该系统包括三个子系统:列车自动防护 (ATP--Automatic Train Protection) 、列车自动运行 (ATO--Automatic Train Operation) 、列车自动监控 (ATS--Automatic Train Supervision) 。
IGBT:“绝缘栅双极型晶体管” (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) 。IGBT指由BJT (双极型三极管) 和MOS (绝缘栅型场效应管) 组成的复合全控型电压驱动式电力电子器件。目前在低地板车辆的牵引传动系统中, 被广泛使用。
HVAC:“供热通风与空气调节” (Heating, Ventilation&Air Conditioning) 。HVAC指包含温度、湿度、空气清净度以及空气循环的控制系统。
PIS:“乘客信息系统” (Passenger Information System) 。该系统大多应用在轨道交通, 公共交通工具上。指依托多媒体网络技术, 以计算机系统为核心, 以车站和车载显示终端为媒介向乘客提供信息服务的系统。
UDP:“用户数据报协议” (User Datagram Protocol) 。指一种无物理连接的传输层协议, 提供面向事务的简单不可靠信息传送服务。
WTB:“绞线式列车总线” (Wire Train Bus) 。该总线主要用于列车级的通信, 可以实现过程数据和消息数据的传输。其中“Wire”不可以直译成“电线”。在车辆中使用的列车总线实际为twist wire (绞线) , 因此应充分了解技术应用背景, 进行适当的补译。
5 结语
随着轨道交通的日益蓬勃, 对行业术语的本地化要求会日益严格。相对于一些网络科技用语, 该行业术语的翻译释义具有一定的稳定性和相对性。因此, 行内译者在累计了一定的行业经验后, 便能够轻车熟路的进行行业本地化的翻译。本文仅对一小部分的新词和新语进行整理、推敲, 唯愿抛砖引玉, 推动轨道交通科技英语新词的快速准确翻译与传播。
摘要:基于多年的轨道交通车辆翻译工作积累的专业技术翻译经验, 本文介绍了译者在技术转化过程中, 收集和整理的部分车辆专业术语以及术语的应用条件, 详细解释了专业术语、词汇的技术内涵, 并提供了较为规范统一的中译文, 供广大科技英语工作者实践教学和翻译时参考。
关键词:轨道交通车辆,术语释译
参考文献
[1]廖福妹.机械专业英语语言特点及翻译策略[J].长沙大学学报, 2010 (93) :123-125.
[2]韩琴.科技英语特点及其翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2007, (3) :5-9.
英语谜语打食物的 篇8
1.what kind of dog doesnot bite or bark
——key:Hot dog(热狗)
2.what is the smallest room in the world
——key:Mushroom.(蘑菇最小)
3.What table is in the field?
——key:Vegetable
4.What stays hot even if put it in a fridge?
——key:Pepper.
5.Myfirst letter is in “tea”,not in “sea” My second letter is in
“those”,not in “these” My third letter is in “fine”,not in “nine” My
forth letter is in “buy”,not in “boy” (打一人们非常喜欢吃的一种绿色食品)
趣味英语谜语及答案 篇9
riddles (i)
1. what is smaller than an insect’s mouth?
2. what season is the most dangerous one?
3.what’s too much for me,just right for two,but nothing at? all for three?
4. on what day of a year do soldiers start wars in history?
5. how many feet are in a yard?
6. what person tries to make others smile most of the time?
7. from what number can one take half and leave nothing?
8.what has hands but no feet, a face but no eyes,tells but does not talk?
9. how many months have 28 days?
10. which horses have six legs?
keys (i)
1 .anything it eats.
2. autumn. because it is also fall.
3. a secret.
4 .march fourth. when a war breaks out,they’ll have to march forth.
5. it depends on how many people are standing in it.
6. a photographer.
7. the number 8.
8. take away the upper half and 0 is left.
8. a clock.
9. all of them. each month has its 28th day.
10.all horses have forelegs(four legs) in front and two in back, so they all have six legs
riddles (ii)
11. why don’t babies need glasses?
12. what do you drop when you need it and? take? back? when? you don’t?
13.what’s the difference between a monkey and a flea(跳蚤)?
14. what is black when it is clean and white when it is dirty?
15 .what 5-letter words have six left when you take 2 letters away?
16. what is the center of gravity?
17 .what never asks questions but always gets answers?
18.when columbus discovered america,where did he stand?
19. what is “four feet on four feet waiting for four feet?
20.when the boy fell into the water,what’s the first? thing? he did?
keys (ii)
11. because they like bottles better.
12. an anchor. (锚)
13.a monkey can have fleas,but a flea can’t have monkeys.
14. a blackboard.
15. sixty.
16. the letter v.
17. a doorbell.
18.on his feet.
19.a cat on a chair waiting for a mouse.
20.he got wet first.
riddles (iii)
21.who isn’t your sister and isn’t your brother,but is still? a child of your mother and father?
22. what has teeth but can’t eat?
23. what kind of man can raise things without lifting them?
24. which candle burns longer: a black one or a white one?
25.why does a cook wear a high,white hat?
26. can you name five days of the? week? without? saying: monday, tuesday,wednesday,thursday,friday?
27. what kind of dog never can bite and bark?
28.what has a soft bed but never sleeps,a big mouth? but? never speaks?
29. four girls have a basket with four apples in it. how can? you divide the apples so that each girl gets a whole apple and one still remains in the basket?
30. which eight-letter word has one letter in it?
keys (iii)
21. you yourself are.
22. a comb.
23. a farmer. he can? raise? pigs, chickens? and? so? on? without lifting them.
24. neither.because all candles burn shorter.
25. to cover his head.
26.the day before yesterday,yesterday,today, tomorrow, and? the day after tomorrow.
27. a hot dog.
28. a river.
29.give three girls an apple each,and give the fourth girl? her apple in the basket.
30. envelope.
riddles (iv)
31.three men were under one umbrella,but none of them? got? wet.how do they do it?
32. where does afternoon always come before morning?
33.how much earth can you take from a hole 2 feet long, 2? feet wide and 2 feet deep?
34. what rises in the morning and waves all day?
35.what is pronounced like one letter,written with three letters,and belongs to all animals?
36. why can you tell clocks are shy?
37. what is easy to get into but hard to get out of?
38.what cannot be seen but only heard,and will not speak unless spoken to?
39. what word can you make shorter by adding two letters to it?
40. what part of a clock is always old?
keys (iv)
31. it was not raining.
32. in a dictionary.
33. none.because it has been taken out already.
34. a flag.
35. eye.
36. because they always have their hands in front of their faces.
37. trouble.
38. an echo.(回声)
39. short.
40. the second hand.
riddles (v)
41. what person does every man take his hat off to?
42. what can you swallow than can also swallow you?
43. which three letters can frighten a thief away?
44.what appears once in every minute,twice in every? moment, but not once in thousand years?
45.what would you say if you saw a ghost(鬼)?
46. which is the left side of a cake?
47.a police saw a truck driver going the wrong down a one - way street,but paid no attention to him. why?
48. where should the milk be best stored?
49. what is the hardest thing about learning to ride a bicycle?
50. what always has one eye open but can’t see?
keys (v)
41.a barber.
42. water.
43. i c u
44. the letter m.
45. i would say nothing and run as fast as possible.
46. the side that isn’t eaten.
47. the truck driver was walking there.
48. in a cow.
49. the ground.
50. a needle.
riddles (vi)
51.what goes all over the house,but touches nothing?
52. what belongs only to you and yet is used more by others than by yourself?
53. which letter of the alphabet separates europe from africa?
54. why is a river rich?
55.i have cities but no houses,forests but no trees; rivers but without water; what am i?
56.a man jumped from a plane,but there was nothing? wrong? with him. do you know why?
57.in a train,a woman saw other peoples’ faces were dirty. what would she do,do you know?
58. why did john say he didn’t know where the sun was?
59. where does a person stay for the longest time in his life?
60. why does tom’s mother go to work by plane every day?
keys ( vi )
51. a sound or voice.
52. my name.
53. the letter ”c“.
54. because it has two banks.
55. a map.
56. because the plane is on the ground.
57.she would close her eyes,of course.
58. because it was at night.
59. in bed.