猜测词义的技巧

猜测词义的技巧（通用6篇）

猜测词义的技巧 篇1

阅读是英语测试中的重要内容, 阅读质量的高低一定程度上取决于正确猜测生词的词义。纵观近几年的高职英语试题, 阅读材料一般取材原版、语言地道、内容新颖, 常蕴含丰富的词汇, 其特点的是生词数量多, 猜测词义分量重。从考查内容上看, 主要有猜测某个生词、短语、句子的意思或代词指代等。在阅读理解题中, 所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上, 要根据短文提供的语境, 通过阅读上下文, 根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义, 所以, 是考试考查的重点, 并且有逐年增加的趋势。那么如何做才能有效突破这一难关呢?!下面结合试题及平时教学中遇到的难点, 重点谈一谈高职英语阅读猜测词义的能力及技巧。首先, 我们应该熟悉词义猜测类题型常见的设题方式:

1) The word“…”could best be replaced by_____.

2) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_____.

3) By saying“…”, the author means…

4) In the……paragraph, the word"_____"means (refers to) _____.

5) The underlined word“…”is closest in meaning to_____.

6) The underlined word“…”most probably means

其次, 我们要掌握词义猜测的技巧

1 根据定义、释义、同义词、反义词、例证限定及标点符号法来猜测词义

1) 根据定义 (definition) 猜测词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为:define, signify, be, mean, deal with, represent, refer to, be, considered, to be, be called, 等。例:Can you tell me what a“territory”is?A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims (声称) as its own..由此可推推断, 这里territory的意思为是:“动物的地盘”。2.Green building means“reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”.由定义我们不难得知这里Green building是什么意思。3.Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给annealing以明确的含义, 即"退火"。

2) 根据解释性线索: (to be defined as, to be called, that is to be, to refer to, in another word, in other words, that is, that is to say)

例:It is be so hard but also very brittle——it means, i breaks easily.从后一句的解释中我们很容易就可以得出brittle是"脆"的意思。The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid;that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled (感觉不到的)

3) 根据同义词线索 (or, like, similarly, also)

例:Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful. (有害的)

4) 根据反义词线索 (yet, but, unlike, however, while, not…but, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, rather than)

例:Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. (静止不变的)

5) 根据例证性线索 (for example, for instance, such as, like etc.)

例:Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt headlights, and good brakes. (设备)

6) 根据修饰性线索 (词, 短语, 从句)

例:The herdsman, who takes care of the sheep, earns600yuan a year.定语从句中takes care of就解释了herdsman的词义为"牧羊人”;He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both

cheeks. (胡须)

7) 根据标点符号线索 (括号、破折号在句中常引出注释性词语)

例:They were on the night shift——from midnight to 7.a m.—last week.两个破折号之间的短语清晰地表明night shif的意思是"夜班"。One of the major features of English vocabulary is polysemy—many meanings. (一词多义的)

2 根据同位语的关系来猜测词语的意思

如:1) We walked a long way, finally got to a castle, a large building built in the ancient time.同位语部分a large building built in the ancient time解释了castle的确切含义为"城堡";2) Dr.Lorenz is recognized as one of the founders of ethnology, the study of races of mankind. (人种学) 3) This includes poultry for the main course (e.g.chicken, duck, goose) , salad, bread and vegetable, and features of variety of desserts, for example:pie, puddings, and ice cream.

(poultry:家禽desserts:甜点心)

3 利用上下文的对比、转折关系来猜测词义

1) Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. (厌恶, 憎恨)

2) If you agree, write“yes”;if you dissent, write“no”. (不赞成;不同意)

3) He is punctual for all his class, but today he arrived in the middle of his first class.but一词表示转折, 由此得知but前后的恰恰正相反。后半句的意思是他今天"第一节上了一半才来", 由此推断, 可得知他平时一向"准时"。

4 利用上下文的因果关系来猜测词义

1) The muscles weakens because of less movement.The weakness is permanent.So he could not play the sport any more.从后面的句意"永远不能再运动", 可以推断permanent的意思是"永远的, 永久的"。

2) The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90centimeters high.

由so that后的句意, 可推断prune意为“剪枝、修剪”。

3) “But, ”said Kim, “I feel that because you are my boss, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you how to do it”。

因为对方是上级, 所以如果告诉对方做什么, 自己会认为是冒犯了对方, 是自以为是, 所以presumptuous与too confident and rude意义相近。

5 根据并列关系猜测词义

1) Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts grow in warm areas.

(pineapple菠萝coconut椰子)

2) Vicky enjoys seeing Peggy flustered, fussed, red in the face, losing her temper.

(fluster使惊慌失措fuss急躁;为琐事困扰)

6 根据常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词

例:

1.A fish breathes in water with gills. (鳃)

2.He went into a hardware to buy some nails. (五金店)

3.She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds.

A pieces B the whole C envelope D fires【A】

7 根据上下文理解词义

例:The environmentalists said wild goats’____on the vas grasslands was a good indication of the better environment2004NMET上海卷

A.escape B.absence C attendance D.appearance

[文]环境学家说草原上出现野生山羊是环境好转的迹象。[D]

8 利用词的派生、转化、合成等构词法知识猜词

例:Can you tell me your opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?依据词根educational (教育的) , 结合前缀co- (共同, 一起) , 我们不难猜出co-educational的意思为:“男女同校教育的”。

It's a nice, pretty hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish country village on Amercian point.后缀-ise/ize的意思是为“使成为…;使…化”, 结合词根commercia (商业的) , 可以推断uncommercialized的意思是:“未被商业化的”。

综合上述实例辩证, 近几年以来, 高职阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查。根据上下文以及句子前后的各种信息来推断猜测生僻词语的意思已经成为了高职学生必须掌握的一项重要的阅读技能。学生可以通过灵活应用以上各种猜测词义的技巧, 排除生僻词汇造成的理解障碍, 透彻地理解整篇文章的含义及思想, 并且加快英文阅读的速度, 同时提高在英语考试中阅读理解部分的得分率。

猜测词义的技巧 篇2

阅读中碰到生词，通常采用查词典来了解词义。这里介绍一种猜测词义(guessing the meaning of a word)的方法。例如：

The bright lights of the car on the dark country road dazzled my eyes.

这句中dazzled是生词，它是什么意思呢？我们可以从全句所提供的语义作出判断：在漆黑的乡间公路上，碰到一辆汽车，明亮的车灯会使我们眼睛产生一种什么感觉？耀眼。这个词正是这个意思。这种确定词义的方法，称为猜测词义。

2． 依靠 “上下文”猜测词义

依靠 “上下文”（context）是猜测词义的一种方法。 “上下文”是指词在交际中所的

具体语言环境。一个词一旦进入句子，就立即与周围的词语发生这样或那样联系，并受它们的制约。词的意思直接或间接取决于所处的 “上下文”。因此只要我们依靠 “上下文”，学会寻找与生词有关的 “上下文线索“（context clues）,是可对生词的词义进行不同程度的猜测的。

“上下文线索“一般说来可分为两类：

第一类：说明性的线索。就是指在局中或语段中存在着说明、解释生词的词语线索。如：（1）The new building,a five-story edifice,was completed last month.

(生词 edifice 的词义由 building 说明，二者同义。)

（2）----Can you help me this evening?

----No-way; I must go to a meeting.

(I must go to a meeting. 说明no-way 具有 “否定“的含义。)

（3）You can trust Henry to take good care of the money,for he is very honest.

(…can be trusted to take good care of the money 正好说明honest 词的词义)

第二类：语义情景性或逻辑性的线索。在句子或语段里虽没有直接用来说明、解释生词的词语，但从 “上下文“的总的联系上来看，有助于我们判断词义。如：

（1） The sweat dropped down his face. His clothes were wet as if he had fallen into water….The weather was very hot.

(sweat词义可从这三句所提供的情景推断出，作“汗水”“汗”解)

（2） Since she sent you a basket of fruit when you were in hospital,it is meet that you do the same for her while shi is ill.

(meet 词义可从陈述的逻辑线索推断，这里作 “恰当”“适当”解。)

3． 猜测词义的准确性与上下文提供线索的充分程度有关。例如：

（1） He was haughty.

（2） People don’t like him because he was haughty.

（3） Even his friends began to dislike him because he was haughty and kept on telling about himself and what he had done.

前两句难于判断 haughty 的词义，上下文线索不充分。第2句仅可判断它指的是一个不好的品质。可是，第3句不一样：有充足的上下文线索，可以猜测haughty 是作 “傲慢”(boastful/pround)解。

PRACTICE

I. Use context clues to figure out the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence below.

1. What are you all goggling at me like that for?

Have I got two heads or something?

2. We will meet you in the foyer,the entrance hall of the theatre.

3. What he said was just flattery,for he praised me so much that I am sure he did not mean what he said.

4. Unlike his sister,who is a warm,interested person,John is apathetic to everyone and everything.

5. This fish has been out of the ice box too long;it smells bad and must be rancid.

6. The people nearly enjoy gathering in the plaza,which is much like a public square,tochat.

7. If the driver of a car is carefuless,there will probably be an accident.

8. “What!”said the man,”Do you actually have the effrontery to ask me for the money when I’ve just told you that you can’t have any more?”

II. read the following sentences and fill in the blanks by using context clues.

1. The night was so ________ that not a sound could be heard.

2. Last week I went to the ________. I had a very good seat.The film was very exciting.

3. Elephants have very long noses which we call ________ .

4. China is a ________ country with a history of more than five thousand years.

5. Comrade Wang wanted to buy some material to make a shirt. So he went to the nearest ________ store.

6. ________ is my favorite game. I often fish on Sundays. Sometimes I fish for hours without catching. But this does not ______me.

7. It’s too cold. Let’s ________ the stove.

8. If you listen to the questions carefully,you can ________ them easily.

SELECTION

“Good Morning.This Is Your Friendly Robot Speaking.”

1. “Hell,I’m eight years old and American. I’m five four inches tall and I weigh eleven stone. I have a head and two arms but no legs. I can speak many different languages. Above all,I am reliable. I am a good servant and I work for eight hours every day. But I cost ￡ 2300。 Who am I ?”

2.Answer:This is a robot. It is made by Quasar Industries. After eight years of work on the robot,Quasar now sell it to customers and to companies. It can “listen” to instructions,memorise them and then carry out certain takks.

3.So far ,the robot seems to be best at cleaning the house. You can programme it to do different tasks-clean the carpets,polish the floors,dust the shelves. But it’s sociable too. When visitors arrive at your door,it can say, “May I announce yoy,please?” and takes their coats.If you give it the right instructions,it can even serve dinner to you at the table.

4.The robot is security-consious too. If someone breaks into the house,it will sound the alarm. It is also programmed to “notice”any signs of fire or other dangers and to “tell”its owner about them.

5.Quasar Industries say that their robot has a basic vocabulary of 250 English words but if necessary,it can speak any language from Japanese to Swahill. You can make sure it speaks to you in a way that suits you-this servant never answers back. Aftr eight hours,it runs down and its batteries need recharging. Many owners will be glad when this servant/friend stops working and leaves them alone. But if you want,you can increase its working hours and have it with you for twenty-four hours a day.

6.One robot recently took a holiday and come to London. It stayed in a hotel,and took a walk to Buskingham Palace. ‘This is my birthday,”it said. “I am happy to be here.” It certainly must make a change from cleaning floors and answering doors.

COMPRENSION

I.Same or different?

----1.This selection is about a trip to London.

----2.The robots made by Quasar Industries can do a lot of house work.

----3.But they are not able to speak.

II.Put the following into two columns and tell what the robot can do and what it can’t do.

Column A

The robot can ______ . Column B

The Robot can’t ______.

1.take a walk 2.announce visitors

3.drive a car 4.speak several languages

5.both swim and dive 6.play basket ball

7.answer doors 8.serve dinners

9.give alarms 10.repair machines

11.work for 24 hours a day 12.memorize the instructions given by the owner

13.be programmed to do some tasks 14.take care of children

15.eat a lot of apples 16.polish the floors

III.Use context clues in the selection to figure out the meanings of the following words.

1.reliable: A.勤奋的 B.可靠的 C。聪明的

2．Sociable: A。社会的 B.努力的 C。友好的

猜测词义的技巧 篇3

【关键词】 英语阅读 猜测技巧 教学策略

【中图分类号】 G633.41 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1674-4772（2014）01-037-01

一、根据转折关系

例句：Any fool can make soap， but it takes a genius to sell it.

分析：由but可知genius是与fool （蠢才） 相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。表示这种转折关系的信号词主要有though， but， however等。

二、根据对比关系

例句：If you agree， say “Yes”； if you dissent， say “No”.

分析：根据前后的对比关系，不难猜出dissent是意思与agree相反，即：“不同意”。表示这种对比的词和短语主要有 unlike，not，but，while，however，despite， in spite of，in contrast to /with，compared with，used to，on the other hand 等。

三、根据同类关系

例句：Mr. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

分析：句中similarly表明loves to talk与生词loquacious之间是同类关系。由此可以推断loquacious词义为“健谈的”。表示这种类属关系的词和短语主要有similarly，like，just as，also等。

四、根据因果关系

例句：The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.

分析：由had no water（无雨水）之因，可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。因此，wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。作者通常会用一些信号词表示句子之间的因果关系，主要有since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，due to，result in，result from，as a result，for this reason，accordingly，so that，so…that，such…that…等。

五、根据同位关系

例句：Yes， that is the Tai Mahal， one of the most famous buildings in the world. （全国卷）

分析：由同位语的解释，我们知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建筑物。同位语是对前面的名词作进一步的补充说明，提供更为详细的情况。所以，根据同位语就能推测前面名词的意思。

六、根据并列关系

例句：In the ancient city of Rome， we visited every mansion， battle site， theatre and other public halls.

分析：因为mansion与“战场遗址”、“剧院”、“其它公众厅”并列，所以mansion也应该属于建筑物或场所。表示并列关系的信号词一般是and或or。

七、根据比喻关系

例句：The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.分析：根据“就像水中的玫瑰叶”这样的比喻可知，buoyant是“飘浮的”之意。表示比喻关系的信号词一般是as…as或like。

八、根据定义关系

例句：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

分析：由定义可知，anthropology 的意思是“研究人类的科学”，即“人类学”。根据上下文中对生词的定义是进行快速阅读时最常见、最直接的一种猜词方法。其定义句的谓语动词一般是“to be”（是）、“mean”（意指）、“refer to”（指的是）、“be defined as ”（被定义为）、“be known/considered as ”（被称为）、“be called ”（被称为），或“be termed ”（被定义为）等信号词。

九、根据同义关系

例句：Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

分析：由语境可知，detrimental与harmful同义，意为“不利的，有害的”。作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词，为读者推断生词词义提供了线索。or经常作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词。like（像……一样），as…as（如同……一样），the same as（与……相同）等也可作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词。

十、根据转换说法

例句：The cinema is only open to adults， i.e. people over 18.

分析：根据people over 18可知，adult是“成年人”之意。that is， that is to say， in other words以及namely， i.e， or等插入语，都可以用来对前面的内容进行解释。

十一、根据定语从句

例句：Jack is now a florist， who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.

分析：由后面起补充作用的非限制性定语从句可推知生词florist是“花店主”之意。在很多情况下，定语从句直接给出了某一生词的定义。所以，以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。

十二、根据逻辑推理

例句：If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest，and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired，then you are indefatigable.

分析：根据上下文分析，如果一个人能连续工作12个小时，能进行体育锻炼数小时而不知疲倦，那么，我们就可以作出符合逻辑的推断，这个人一定是一个“不知疲倦的”人。将这个词义代入原句中，很合乎逻辑，那么这种推理很可能是正确的。

十三、结语

猜测词义的技巧 篇4

利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。

二、练习

(一) 猜一猜, 一词多义。

*heavy news晴天霹雳, heavy food热量高的食物, heavy sleeper睡觉沉的人。

(二) 译一译, 近义句表达。

*His father has died.他爹死了。

*His father has passed away.他父亲去世了。

*His old man has kicked the bucket.他家老爷子蹬腿了。

*His beloved father has joined the heavenly choir.其父已驾

鹤西游了。

三、词义猜测题常见的设问方式

1.The word“...”refers to/means/could best be replaced by_______.

2.According to the passage, the underlined word“...”means_______.

四、词义猜测的主要解题方法

“顺藤摸瓜”:通过构词法、语法逻辑、常识知识、上下文等线索确定词义。

常用的猜词技巧如下:

1.根据构词法 (转化、合成和派生) 进行猜测

2.根据逻辑关系进行判断

(1) 转折、对比关系

(2) 因果关系

(3) 并列、同位关系

3.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义

(1) 从上下文的信息判断

(2) 从上下文判断指代对象

(3) 运用生活常识经验猜测词义

(一) 实战演练:根据构词法猜测词义。

常用表否定的前后缀

1.in-:inactive, inexpensive

2.un-:unhappy, uncomfortable

3.im-:impolite, immoral4.il-:illegal, illogical

5.ir-:irregular, irresponsible

6.-less (后缀) :harmless, careless

考题再现:2011省质检阅读D:

(第2段) Bike rentals are inexpensive and it’s a great way to enjoy the scenery.解析:inexpensive=cheap说明不必自己带单车

(二) 根据转折、对比关系进行判断。

1.转折、对比关系常用的信号词

(1) but, however, otherwise, while

(2) though, yet, despite=in spite of

(3) on the contrary;on the other hand

(4) instead of, rather than, unlike

练习呈现:

1.Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it’s hoarse (沙哑的)

2.Written language tends to be , while spoken language constantly changes. (static:停滞的、无变化的)

(三) 根据因果关系进行判断。

因果关系常用的信号词

1.because, since, as, for, therefore

2.result from, result in, as a result (of)

(练习呈现) Since I could’t afford to buy the original painting, I bought a .

An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.

解析:根据因果关系, 是“复制品、赝品”之意。)

(四) 根据并列、同位关系进行判断。

并列、同位关系常用的信号词

1.be defined as (被定义为) , such as

2.for example=for instance

3.in other words=that is (to say) =or=namely

(练习呈现) Many employees are .Mrs.White, for example, speaks five languages. (解析:根据同位关系, 是“会说多种语言的人”之意。)

考题再现:2010省高三测试卷阅读第2题.

The earthquake in Haiti occurred on a long , or crack in the Earth’s surface, which goes across the island.

解析:or=in other words;fault=crack.

(五) 通过上下文判断指代对象。

文章中的代词可以指上文提到的人或物, 其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词与其指代的对象, 有时需要对前面提到的内容才能得出代词所指代的事。

考题再现:2010省高三测试卷阅读第73题

The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 2 refers to“_______”?

A.shopping bags B.Christmas presents

D.toilets seats

(原文) They hurry to the train station———and it’s always about an hour later we get a panicked call on their mobile phones asking for to be returned.

参考文献

[1]普通高中英语课程标准.

[2]福建省高考英语《考试说明》.

猜测词义的技巧 篇5

一、根据定义或释义猜测词义

在不少文章中，特别是科技文章，某些生词的词义会在下文中得到解释或说明。这些解释有时以定义、定语从句、同位语形式出现；有时用破折号、冒号等符号引出；还有时用that is，or，that is to say，in other words 等词语引出。

例如：

1. A carpenter is a person， who makes and repairs the wooden parts of buildings and other structures of wood.

carpenter一词可通过定语理解词义为“木匠”。

2. Mary is indecisive， that is， she can not make up her mind.

indecisive一词我们可能没有学过，但作者用“she can not make up her mind”对它进行了解释，我们就不难猜出其有“优柔寡断”之意了。

3. The new edifice， a thirty-five-storey building， was finished last month.

其中edifice可能是生词，但它的同位语a thirty-five-storey building告诉我们它的词义是“一幢35层建筑物”——大厦。

二、根据因果关系猜测词义

好的作者经常把一些因果关系设在句中，以求读者能更好地理解其阐述的观点。而这些因果关系常常借助关联词，如：because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等表示出来。

例如：

1. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.

“花没有浇水”那就意味着“花会干枯”，由此可推断出划线生词withered的意思是“枯萎”。

2. You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.

通过for引出的句子所示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。

三、根据比喻猜测词义

在写作中作者常常用比喻的方法把两种或两种以上不同的事物进行对比，找出其相同之处，因此我们可以通过比喻的上下文线索去猜测生词词义。

例如：

Bob is the last boy to turn to for help. In fact he is as cunning as a fox.

众所周知狐狸以狡猾著称，既然Bob像狐狸一样，可想而知划线生词cunning的词义是“狡猾的”。

四、根据构词法猜测词义

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。事实上，我们不但可以根据前、后缀来猜测生词，而且还可以通过前、后缀来扩大词汇量。

例如：

1. This spill might be shocking； but it was hardly unforeseeable.

从构词法角度分析猜测生词词义，根据划线生词其词形不难看出，这个词不同部分均说明一个意思，“un”和“fore”是前缀，意思分别是“不，无”和“以前、预先”；“able”是后缀，表明该词是形容词，“see”是词根，意思是“看见”。把这些意思相加起来，不难看出它的词义是“无法预见的”。

2. Jack is an intelligent， dependable boy.

句中的dependable是动词词根depend（依赖、依靠）加上后缀-able（可……的，能……的）构成的，由此可推断出dependable是“可靠的、可信赖的”意思。

五、根据文中所列举的例子猜测词义

为了说明或证实，不少文章中经常会举例，所列举的这些例子往往给读者提供了猜测生词词义的重要线索。常用的词语有：for example， for instance， such as， like， take ... as an example 等词语。

例如：

1. My cousin likes reading periodicals， such as Readers Digest， Information Week， Network Computing， the New Yorker， Sports Illustrated， Fortune， etc.

根据后面所列举的例子可以推断出划线生词periodical的意思是“期刊”。

2. You should buy some books of reference， such as dictionaries and hand books.endprint

我们可从所举例子dictionaries和hand books中，猜到reference是“参考”的意思。

六、根据对比转折关系猜测词义

一个句子中可能含有这样一个词，它与生词具有相反的意义，作者使用时常用on the other hand，however，although，yet，but，unlike，while，not等转折语提醒读者，表明作者要使用一个与生词具有相反意义的词语。

例如：

1. If you agree， write “Yes”； if you dissent， write “No”.

这里前后对比分明，前句表示肯定，后句表示否定，我们由此可以推断出划线生词dissent与agree意思相反，那么dissent的意思自然是“不同意、不赞成”了。

2. Unlike her poverty-stricken parents， Helen was very rich after she became a world famous film star.

句子中的对比关系是通过unlike一词表现出来的，而unlike强调的对象恰恰是海伦与其父母之间的不同之处，既然海伦成为世界明星后生活相当富有，不言而喻，形容其父母境况的poverty-stricken自然是rich的反义词，即“一贫如洗”了。

3. Wang Jun is always punctual for everything， but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week.

我们根据but后面的内容he was late，可以知道划线生词punctual的意思与其相反，那么punctual的意思就是“准时的、守时的”。

4. A soldier must have armaments， just as a writer must have pens.

作家必须有笔，与之对应，可以猜出战士必须有“武器”。

七、利用上下文来推测词义

生词不是孤立的、封闭的，有些生词的意义可通过具体的语言环境，上下文提供的信息来判断，甚至它们所在的句子、段落都会提供很多的暗示和线索。

例如：

1. If Jack thinks he can invite me out， he is all wet. I dont like to be with him.

根据I dont like to be with him. 我们能感受到说话人的语气，“既然我不愿意和Jack在一起，那么，Jack要邀请我出去是不可能的，如果真是那样的话，他就大错而特错了。”根据上下文，不难推断出划线词语all wet是“大错特错”的意思。

2. In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets， bathtubs and other places.

根据上下文语境容易知道，碎成小片的厨房垃圾、厕所用水和浴室用水等进入的自然是“排污系统”，而句子中划线生词sewage的意思正是“排污”。

八、根据常识及生活经验来猜测词义

无论是构词法提示，还是上下文及信号词等方面的提示，它们都是来自于语言本身的提示，但在实际阅读中，读者有时还要运用非语言知识——常识及生活经验等提示，大胆想象，合理发挥，推测生词的含义，来提高自己的分析能力，力图去理解阅读中的生词，以明确把握作者的意图。

例如：

1. If traffic is heavy， the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons， there is the “rush hour”. This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work.

根据生活常识，早上上班时和傍晚下班时交通拥挤的时段我们称为交通高峰期，而划线短语rush hour的意思就是“交通高峰时刻”。

2. Awakening suddenly from sound sleep and being pushed quickly into a blinking 1ight，we blink our eyes and our first movements are uncertain.

根据常识，一个人突然从沉睡中被惊醒，且马上被推置于刺眼的强光之中，那么这个人肯定不会立时睁开眼睛的，由此可知blink是“眨眼睛”的意思。

3. The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates， forming a cloud of warm， wet air that moves upward.endprint

结合地理学科中云团的形成过程可知，“海水因受到光照蒸发，水气上升形成暖湿云团”。由此可知划线生词evaporates的意思是“蒸发”。

九、根据同义词或复述的关系猜测词义

作者常常喜欢在同一个句子中使用另一个词，该词与生词具有相同词义或使用几个词来复述生词的意义。

例如：

The proprietor or the owner of the sheep is a boy.

从or这个单词就可以看出划线生词意义与owner相同，即“拥有者、业主”。

十、通过类属法猜测词义

即通过类属来猜测生词的词义。

例如：

Bananas， oranges， pineapples， coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.

假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是“菠萝”和“椰子”。

十一、根据搭配关系猜测词义

如果词语之间存在着逻辑上的或习惯上的搭配关系，可以利用这种关系猜测生词的意思。

例如：

I will tell you the secret if you promise not to divulge it.

习惯上，“秘密”总是需要“保密”而不能“泄露”的。根据句意“只要你答应不‘divulge秘密，我就告诉你。”我们可以猜出divulge意为“泄露”。

十二、通过语句描述猜测词义

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出外在相貌或内在特征的描写。通过对这些特征的描写，往往可以猜出生词的词义。

例如：

The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly， it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.

从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类（准确地说是“企鹅”），事实上，后面也更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

十三、利用英语背景知识猜测词义

了解英语国家的文化，掌握一些词语的联想意义、社会意义及语用规则，才能真正读懂英语文章，了解其内涵。

例如：

blue一词，有的学生只把它理解为“蓝色的”，但在英语中，常表示“忧郁的，沮丧的”或“意想不到的事”。

on blue days（在忧郁的日子里）；

Jack arrived out of the blue（杰克出乎意料地来了）.

如何做好中考阅读中的词义猜测题 篇6

一、根据上下文线索关系判析词义

在阅读时要观察生词与上下文的联系,利用词语之间的语义联想和段落提供的语义信息加以判断。例如:

Tom looked thoughtful and said, “There’s a shop in town that sells almost the same kind of necklace for $7.50. If I charge $6.00, people will think that’s a bargain.” (09无锡37题)

The underlined word “bargain” in this story means “____”.

A. something sold cheap B. something sold expensive

C. something made at home D. something made by children

根据该段落中话语的含义,城里某商店里该项链的销售价为7美元,如果要价为6美元,人们就认为是便宜货。因此通过上下文的意思可以判断,该题的正确答案应为A。

二、根据定语从句猜测词义

在很多情况下,定语从句直接给出了某一词汇的定义或解释,所以,以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。例如:

Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. (09北京55题)

A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ____.

A. illness and abilitiesB. thoughts and behaviour

C. mind and nervous systemD. physical activity and daily exercise

从本句的定语从句可以看出研究人的思维以及解释人的行为习惯的医生和科学家叫做心理学家,故答案选B。

三、根据内容定义或释义关系来推测词义

下定义是文章中常用的解释生词的方法。阅读时要认真分析句子的结构,充分利用上下文所提供的信息或解释来判断词义。例如:

People who live near the sea can tell time from the tides. In the daytime, for about six hours, the water rises higher and higher on the beach. And then it goes down and down for about six hours. The same thing happens again at night. (09 杭州53题)

The underlined word “tides” in the passage means ____.

A. 洋流 B. 潮汐 C. 海啸 D. 波浪

该段落中的下文很显然是对单词tides的解释。海水白天上涨六小时,然后回落六小时,同样的现象夜里再次发生。故tides意思为答案B。

四、根据词汇相近和复现关系判析词义

在阅读文章中,有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白,通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词,这些同义词或近义词为读者推断生词词义提供了线索。例如:

Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change. It was amazing and touching as all these strangers seemed to react with the same mind. All wanted to be of help. (09常州32题)

What does the underlined word “touching” most probably mean? ____.

A. 令人感动的B. 令人难过的C. 令人失望的D. 令人害怕的

通过该段落的阅读可以看出,购物者们都掏兜找零钱给予帮助,这样的情景肯定是既令人震惊又令人为之感动的。通过前面的形容词amazing不难推测出该题选择A与句子意思吻合,其他选项中所表达的情感与段落内容相悖。

五、根据对比关系猜测词义

通过上下文的逻辑关系,从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中,读者可以根据其中一个熟悉的词推断出另一个生词的词义。另外,在表示这种关系时,作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面词语互为反义,这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好的线索。例如:

The years have obscured the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught. (08盐城63 题)

What does the underlined word “obscured” mean in the last paragraph? ____.

A. 模糊B. 回忆C. 提醒D. 改变