新名词性从句

2024-06-02

新名词性从句（通用8篇）

新名词性从句篇1

第四节定语从句的译法

1.Everything he said seemed quite reasonable.2.She made a list of all the articles there are on the subject.3.There is no difficulty we can’t overcome.4.Begin is really a devious sort of guy who will do these things.5.Last week I saw Modern Times with Charlie Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think

one of the most amusing films.6.Westminster Abbey, which is one of the oldest churches in Great Britain, contains the graves

of many famous Englishmen.7.Our teacher, who is getting old, will soon retire.8.My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman.9.Envoys were sent who could strengthen our international position.10.Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade

agreements with the respective governments.第三节名词从句的译法

1.What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter abroad.2.Whatever I have is at your service.3.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.4.Isn’t it strange that he should have left without telling us?

5.It is a consolation that she is still alive.6.That he will refuse the offer is unlikely.7.Everybody knows that matter takes up space.8.I promised him that I would give him more help.9.He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.10.That is why we called off the meeting.11.The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.12.I have no idea when he will return.第五节状语从句的译法

1.She sobbed as she told us her miserable past.2.“Why did you ask me to come in the middle of the battle?” Mr.Bethune asked General Nieh

as soon as he entered.3.As the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.4.Now that everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion.5.What if anything happened to me?

6.We’ll come over to see you on Wednesday if we have time.7.But Prometheus also knew, powerful as Zeus was, once a god had given a gift, it could not be

taken away.8.However hard the task may be, we must fulfil it in time.9.Jim did not answer back lest his mother should be angry with him.10.People came here from all over Europe in order that they could study Owen’s methods.

新名词性从句篇2

1 从句的概念和结构

1.1 明确从句的概念

从句中的“从”的指的是“从属, 属于”, 也就是说一个句子属于另外一个句子的某个部分, 该句是从句, 另一个“不完整”的句子就是主句。缺少主语的句子是主语从句, 缺少宾语或者表语的句子就是宾语或者表语从句。同位语从句相对来说是完整的, 这时只要分析名词和从句的关系。

比如:That he will come to the discussion is certain.

该句中的That he will come to the discussion是一个完整的句子, is certain的主语不是he也不是discussion, 因此这个句子不完整, 为主句。

1.2 明确从句的结构

众所周知, 英语是一种重句子结构的语言, 也就是说只要是句子就要有“主谓”或者“主系表”结构。从句一定是两个或者两个以上的句子组合到一起。也就是说从句拥有两套或两套以上的“主谓宾”或者“主系表”。在无法判断是哪种从句的情况下应从找句子的谓语开始。一般来说有多少个谓语就有多少个句子, 就有“谓语的个数-1”个从句 (其中一定有一个是主句) 。

1.3 判断主句和从句

判断一个句子是主句还是从句的“法宝”就是连接词。一般情况下, 连接词后的第一个句子单位“主谓宾”“主系表”就是从句, 另外的部分就是主句。

1) 引导词在句子中间时, 以引导词为界, 它以后的都是从句。

例如:They are discussing what they know nothing about.他们在讨论所不知道的事情。 (引导词what以后的都是从句)

2) 引导词在句首时, 一定是主语从句。此时, 引导词以后的第一套主谓/主系表是从句。

例如:What is revealed in the newspaper is only part of the story.

报上所披露的只是部分内幕。 (引导词what以后的第一套主谓/主系表是从句)

3) 疑似多个引导词时, 则应判断各句的成分。

例如:That is what I mean.这就是我的意思。that虽然是引导词, 但是也是指示代词, 在句中要做主语, 因此what才是引导词, 其之后的主谓结构是从句。

4) 若是省略连接词时则应该分析句子的成分。根据关联词省略的规律, 一般来说作宾语从句处理。

例如:I know he has returned. (宾语从句, 从句是第二套主谓he has returned) 我知道他已经回来了。

1.4 名词性从句公式的构成要素

名词性从句由主句、从句和关联词组成。即相关的主语、谓语、系动词、表语、句子其他成分、关联词构成。其中句子其他成分包括宾语、定语、状语等。关联词包括从属连词that, if, whether, 连接代词what, whom, 连词副词when, where, why, how。这些关联词适用以下的公式。

2 名词性从句的公式

2.1 主语从句Subject Clause的公式

1) 关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分+谓语+句子其他部分

从句主句

其中:句子其他部分包括相关的宾语、补语、状语等。

例如:Whether they can win the match depends on their actual performance.

他们能否赢这场比赛取决于他们的临场发挥。

2) 主语从句可以用it作形式主语, 此时公式应该为:

It is+名词/形容词/过去分词+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句 (真正的主语) 例如:It’s a pity that you have missed the last train.遗憾的是你错过了末班车。

It is stange that he had made a mistake.真怪, 他竟做错了。

It’s said that he’s got married.听说他结婚了。

2.2 宾语从句Object Clause的公式

1) 主语+谓语 (及物动词) +间接宾语+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:He told us that he had made up his decision.他对我们说他已经做出决了定。

例如:I know he was unhappy that day.我知道他那天不高兴。

2) 介词、不定式等后可以带宾语。此时公式为:

主语+谓语 (不及物动词) +介词/不定式+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

He was deeply impressed by what he had seen in the special economic region.

他在经济特区所看到的一切给他留下了深刻印象。

2.3 表语从句Predictive Clause的公式

1) 位于系动词后的成分叫表语。因此表语从句是一个句子作主句系动词的表语。表语从句的公式与宾语从句的公式大致相同。是位于系动词如be, seem, look, appear, remain等之后。其公式为:

主语+系动词+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:The question is whether we should leave for Shanghai immediately.

问题是我们是否应该马上动身去上海。

2.4 同位语从句Appositive Clause的公式

1) 同位语中的“同”指的是“相同”, “位”指的是“位置”。也就是说句子成分相同, 在句中的位置相同的成分。因此同位语从句在名词 (一般是抽象名词, 常为idea, fact, news, remark, report, evidence, suggestion等) 之后。其公式为:

名词+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

从句例如:There is no doubt that he staged the plot.毫无疑问, 他策划了这一阴谋。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作, 这个问题需要考虑。

3 关联词who、what的公式

由于who和what在从句中可以充当主语, 因此在各种从句的公式中从句的关联词和主语都是who和what。

1) 主语从句:

Who (what) +谓语+句子其他部分+谓语+句子其他部分

从句主句

例如:Who will go hasn’t decided yet.2) 宾语从句:

主语+谓语+句子其他部分+who (what) +谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:I wonder who will pay the bill.3) 表语从句:

主语+系动词+表语+who (what) +谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:The question is who will do us a favor.

4 结束语

名词性从句的运用要求学生先找出每个句子的谓语或者系动词, 然后根据以上的公式正确判断出从句的种类, 最后分析从句的句子成分, 选择合适的关联词。这样才能更加有效而快速的掌握英语名词性从句。公式法能简单、快速、准确地判断出从句的种类。更重要的是, 它能是把英语语法的语言知识用逻辑推理的方法归纳出来, 降低学生学习英语从句的难度, 提高学生的理解能力。

参考文献

[1]薄冰.薄冰英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社, 2007.

[2]吴秀.英语从句教学的新探索——多维模型理论的应用[J].中国科教创新导刊, 2011 (11) .

名词性从句中的what从句篇3

★一：句首what式，引导主语从句，意义为：所------的事（人）

1 （08山东 23） __________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As

2(08 福建 27)_________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympics Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.What C. AsD. Which

3(07 福建35)It is none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.

A. how B.what C. whichD. when

4(07全国Ⅱ17)_________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What B. WhyC.Where D. Which

5(06山东 27)__________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A.No matter whatB. No matte which C. WhateverD.Whichever

★二：Be动词后的what从句，引导表语从句，意义为：所------的事（人）

6 He isn’t _________ he used to be now.

A.thatB.how C. whatD.which

7(06全国Ⅰ23)See the flags on top of the building? Thatwas _______ we did this morning.

A. when B.which C. whereD.what

★三：介词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为：所------的事（人

8 （08浙江6） Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home.

A.whatB. thatC. whichD. one

9(08重庆 25) People in Chongqing are proud of ________ they have achieved in the past ten years.A. that B.which C. whatD. how

10(07江苏 25) Choosing the right dictionary depends on ________ you want to use it for.

A. what B. whyC.how D.whether

11(07安徽 33) You can only be sure of ________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something that you might get in the future.

A.thatB.what C. whichD. /

12(2005山东 26) The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not enough.

A.whereB.how C. whatD. which

★四：动词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为：所------的事（人

13（08北京30） The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A.whichB. thatC. whatD.who

14(08湖南 29) When asked _________they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.

A. what B.why C. whomD. which

15(07天津 15) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make __________ it is.

A.whatB.which C. howD. where

16(06全国Ⅱ16)--- What did your parents think about your decision?

--- They always let me do __________ I think I should.

A. when B.that C. howD.what

五：平时常见what如下习语，值得同学们熟悉，变通应用：

1.Ais to B what C is to D A之于B来说就如同C之于D一样

Air is to us what water is to fish.

2.what one is 一个人的为人

what one has一个人的财富

A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as what he is.一个人的价值与其说在于他的财富，不如说在于他的为人。

3. what you call 所谓

what is called所谓

He is what is called a walking dictionary.他就是人们所谓的一本活字典。

4. what with A and( what with) B半因为-------半因为------

What by A and(what by) B半用--------半用------

What with the wind and what with the rain ,his return was put off.有风又有雨，他的回程受耽搁。

5. what is more而且

what is worse跟糟糕的是

名词性从句同位语从句用法详解篇4

一、同位语从句的引导词

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1.由that引导

We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2.由whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming.你回答我的问题：你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

3.由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4.由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left.他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：

The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)

二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1．意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：

We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2.引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

3.引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4.被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句)

名词性从句讲解和区分篇5

例1 (·全国卷Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，所以将that改为where。

例2 (·全国卷Ⅱ) As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

解析 how。根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。

点拨若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用关系代词;若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，则使用关系副词(when/where/why/how)。

[if和whether的误用]

例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends.

解析 if→whether。question后为同位语从句，只能用whether来引导，故而将if改为whether。

例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not.

解析考查主语从句。句意：你来还是不来，这不怎么重要。代词it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句。

点拨在表达“是否”这一意思时，我们经常会用到whether和if，但以下几种情况只用whether不用if：

1. 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中;

2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如：It all depends on whether they will support us.

3. 在不定式之前。如：He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

4. 从句中有or not时。如：He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.

[what和that的误用]

例5 (2016·上海卷) Eventually， I decided to follow her and 26 happened truly amazed me.

解析 what。句意：发生的事情真的让我很惊讶。设空处无提示词，分析从句的结构可知，从句中缺少主语，且指代的是物，可判断答案为what。本句中连接代词what引导主语从句且在从句中做主语。

例6 He was interested in that he had seen at the exhibition.

解析 that→what。介词in后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，应用what。

点拨要正确填入引导词，关键在于分析句子结构，判断引导词在从句中所作的成分。引导从句时，that不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用;what可作主语、宾语、表语、定语，既充当从句的一个成分，又引导一个从句，意为“什么”“……的人”“……的地方”“……的样子”。

[wh-ever的误用]

例7 (2016·北京卷)Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.

A. However B. Whoever

C. Whatever D. Wherever

解析 C。考查主语从句。本题中，helps是谓语，you can do属于主语的一部分。在主语从句中，do的后面缺少宾语，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语，该句意思是：你能做的任何事都有帮助。

点拨关系代词whoever， whatever， whichever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，anything that等;引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter who/what/which。

注意 1. wh-和wh-ever的区别：wh-有疑问的意思;wh-ever有强调的意思。如：

Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.

Whoever/Anyone who comes here is welcomed.

2. wh-ever在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换。如：

Whatever happened， he would not mind.

= No matter what happened， he would not mind.

[代词it的误用]

例8 This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.

As is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I were a native speaker.

解析 This→It;As→It。两个句子均是主语从句，应该用it作形式主语。

点拨代词it作形式主语，将主语从句放到句尾，引导词则根据从句所缺的成分来确定。出题人一般会利用同学们对该结构掌握不牢而针对形式主语it设题。

例9 (2015·浙江卷) How would you like ， if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

A. them B. one

C. those D. it

解析 D。if引导的宾语从句是本句真正的宾语，而空格处是形式宾语，只有it可充当形式宾语。

点拨有些动词或短语，如like， hate， dislike， appreciate， owe， depend on， see to，接宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it做形式宾语。例如：

I don’t like it when you look at me like that.

[与其他从句的混淆]

不少同学经常将名词性从句与其他从句，尤其是与定语从句和强调句搞混。

1. 与定语从句的区别

例10 (2015·天津卷) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.

解析 where。句意为“这家公司的老板正尽力为员工创设一种让他们能尽情享受工作的氛围”。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词atmosphere，该从句缺地点状语，故填关系副词where，相当于in which。

点拨定语从句与名词性从句的区别：定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词;名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均无名词或代词。

2. 与强调句的区别

例11 (2015·湖北卷) It was in the lake that they found the long last sword of the Ming Dynasty.

解析本句为强调句式，强调了地点状语in the lake，意思是“正是在那个湖里……”。that与前面的It was共同构成强调句式。

例12 (2016·江苏卷) It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

A. why B. what

C. as D. that

解析考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是D。that引导的主语从句，that在本句中不充当成分。句意：通常对那些心存希望的人来说，一切都是可能发生的。

考研英语名词性从句语法篇6

这里我们先总结一下能够涉及到的从句。在考研英语中，总共有三大类型从句，即名词性从句，定语从句和状语。我们这里先看一下名词性从句。名词性从句就是指在句子中起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可以担任主语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。根据它在剧中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

1、主语从句

主语从句在复合句中充当主语，为了避免头重脚轻的情况，平衡句子结构，一般用it作形式主语代替处于从句，把主语从句置于句尾。在完型填空中，对主语从句的考查以形式主语it为主。例如：It did not matter what was done in the experiment。it 作形式主语，关系代词what引导的从句是句子真正的主语。句子含义为：实验中做什么无关紧要。

2、宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以作动词的宾语、介词的宾语。也可以用于动词+it+that 结构，由it 作形式宾语。例如：That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments. () 在这句话中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是that 引导的宾语从句。注意在这样的结构中，that是不可省略的。句子的含义为：这种行为使得法院的判决不太可能被视作公正无私。

3、表语从句

标语从句放在系动词后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句。引导表语从句的that通常可以省略。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain等。另外，常用的结构还有the reason…that(不用because)和it is because…例如：Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code. (2012)这句话中，that从句作连系动词is的表语，说明“问题是什么”。句子的含义为：部分为题在于法官不受道德规范的制约。

4、同位语从句

同位语从句在完型填空中出现的次数很多，广大考生要引起注意。同位语从句用于对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。能接同位语从句的应为表示抽象概念的名词，如：idea, belief, fact等。同位语从句一般由that 引导，但也可以用关系代词(what, which, who)、关系副词(when, where, why, how)或者whether …引导。例如：Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. (2010) 在这句话中，句子的主干为no systematic evidence was found，句首Contrary to 作状语， that引导的同位语从句置于谓语部分后。句子的含义为：与所记载的描述相反，没有系统的证据证明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联。

新名词性从句篇7

一、主语从句

在句子中充当名词作用的各种从句被称作主语从句。值得注意的是, that从句位于句首时, 连词“that”是绝对不能省略的。

1.“that从句”作主语时, 常用“it”作形式主语, 避免头重脚轻。

(1) It+be+形容词 (possible, wonderful, likely, obvious, certain, etc.) +that从句。

例如:It is certain that she will perform well in the math competition.

(2) It+be+名词词组 (no wander, no surprise, a pity, etc.) +that从句。

例如:It is a pity that she can not get the scholarship.

(3) It+be+过去分词 (reported, believed, announced, etc.) +that从句。

(4) 例如:It is believed that Lei Feng is a kind person.2.“whether/if”引导的主语从句。

当it作形式主语时, 把主语从句放在句尾时可用“whether”或“if”。但是, 当主语从句放在句首时, 只能用“whether”不能用“if”。

例如:主语从句放于句首时, Whether he will come is still a problem.

主语从句放于句尾时, It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.

3.以特殊疑问词引导的主语从句。

当用特殊疑问词引导主语从句时, 常用“it”作形式主语, 语序一般为陈述语序。

例如:It has not been decided that who will be our class’s monitor.

4.以关系代词引导的名词性关系从句。

名词性关系从句事实上是先行词和它之后的定语从句的一种结合。

例如:What they need is sincere friendship.

他们所需要的是真正的友谊。

这句中的what=the things that/which, 即先行词“The things”和之后的定语从句“that/which they need”构成了名词性关系从句。“what”充当主语, “what they need”就是以“what”开头引导的名词性关系从句。

二、宾语从句

宾语从句中一般分为两种:作及物动词宾语和作介词宾语。

1.“that”从句引导的宾语从句。

作及物动词宾语时一般可以省略, 然而作介词宾语时“that”却很少可以省略。

例如:Do you think (that) he is a honest boy?

2.“that”从句一般只能作介词“in, except”等后面的宾语。

例如:He decided to give up in that he had run up of his money.

3.“whether/if”引导的宾语从句。

(1) 及物动词之后。宾语从句为否定句时只能用“if”, “whether”从句中不能有否定形式。 (I don’t know whether he doesn’t come.这句话是错误的。)

(2) 介词后。在介词后的宾语从句只能用“whether”不能用“if”。

例如:This decision will have effect on whether or not he wil succeed.

4.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。

(1) 作动词宾语。能够接特殊疑问词的宾语从句的动词很多, 像“see, hear, watch, etc.”

例如:I can’t imagine how he did it.

(2) 作介词宾语。

例如:We are worrying about what we should do next.

5.名词性关系从句。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. (凡是需要帮助, 他都会给予热情地帮助。)

这句中的“whoever=anyone who”, 可知“whoever”即作“give”的宾语, 由充当宾语从句的主语。

三、表语从句

1.“that”引导表语从句时不可省略。

例如:My opinion is that we should cherish our life everyday.

2.只用“whether”不用“if”。

例如:The question is whether we should eat the cake withou permission.

3.特殊疑问词一般跟在系动词之后。

例如:The problem is where we cannot figure out.

四、同位语从句

1.that引导的同为语从句一般是对前面的名词起到补充说明的作用, that只起到连接的作用, 但是不可省略。

2.只用“weather”不用“if”。

3.名词性关系从句。

例如:The mother gave her daughter a beautiful toy, exactly what she longed to have. (很明显, 后半句是对“the toy”的补充说明。)

五、名词性从句在英语等级考试中的应用。

名词性从句在英语等级考试中常常以完型, 单项甚至是阅读上考查考生的思维运用能力。特别是强调考生能区分定语从句和名词性从句的差异, 从而正确地做题。例如:

1.Quality iscounts most.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

解析:考查名词性从句的连接词。“What counts most”相当于“all that counts most”, 意思为最重要的东西。

2.However, when we observe the language behavior of______ we regard as primitive cultures, we find it surprisingly complicated.

A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.what

解析:句意为:然而, 当我们观察那些在我们看来属于原始文化的语言行为时, 我们发现他们复杂得令人惊讶。

在本句中, 我们可知是考查名词性从句引导词的用法。这个词既要能作of的宾语, 又能作名词性从句regard的宾语。从选项中得知, 只有D符合。因为what引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语等成分。

3.There is no evidence________antibiotics, or anti-vira medicines help, so doctors can offer only supportive care.

A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what

解析:还没有证据能显示抗生素和抗病毒药物能治愈非典, 所以医生只采用治疗性方法。

很明显, 这句旨在考查考生对同为语从句的认知。“There is no evidence”后必须跟“that”, 起到解释说明的作用。本题很容易就选出正确答案B。

4.Facebook, a social networking site that began in 2004 as a way for college students to keep in touch has expanded to allow everyone to create their own Facebook page.Since then, Facebook has carved a niche for itself in the tech world as a company that is willing to break though the traditional barriers of business.

Facebook distinguished itself when () .

A.It broke through the traditional barriers.

B.It allowed people to create their own page.

C.It provided a platform for communication.

D.Developers began to drive new programs.

解析:在阅读时考生往往由于时间或者是粗心的原因误选A。从文章可知答案就在第二句, 然而有些考生误以为这是主语从句 (that is willing to break though the traditional barriers of business.) , 匆匆下定论。如果仔细分析, 我们就可得知这只是修饰“company”的定语从句, 答案A就必定是错误的。

六、结语

毋庸置疑, 名词性从句在英语等级考试中的考查点还是很多的。考生对名词性从句分析的能力不是一朝一夕就可以培养的。这需要对名词性从句的基本知识的了解和掌握, 注意语法方面容易出错的地方。只有经过平时认真练习积累, 考生才能准确地分析有关名词性从句的考题, 甚至能正确分析阅读理解时碰到的长句, 更好地理解阅读的内容, 从而选择正确的答案。

摘要：名词性从句一直以来都是英语等级考试中的考点。名词从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。一般来说, 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句, 以及同位语从句。本文对这些从句进行归纳和分析, 为考生的英语等级考试提供借鉴, 减少其在英语等级考试中的失误。

关键词：英语等级考试,名词性从句,应用分析

参考文献

[1]赵体华.名词性从句重难点揭秘[J].新高考, 2010, (1) .

[2]胡雯雯.浅析英语语法中的名词性从句[J].现代企业教育, 2009, (20) .

[3]谭福成.全面剖析名词性从句[J].新高考, 2011, (6) .

[4]张剑.考研英语语法精讲[M].世界图书版公司出版社, 2012.

全面剖析名词性从句篇8

其用法相当于名词的从句叫名词性从句。根据它在句中不同的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。如：

Where cars will be parked in the future is a question. （主语从句）

I think that watching TV too much is bad for people’s health. （宾语从句）

Wenchuan is not what it used to be after the earthquake. （表语从句）

Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. （同位语从句）

2. 名词性从句应注意的几个问题

（1）引导词。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：①that ②if / whether ③wh-疑问词。引导词必须位于名词性从句的最前面。

（2）语序。名词性从句采用陈述句语序，即“主语＋谓语”。如：

I really don’t know_____I kept the secret papers.

A. where was it

B. it was where that

C. where it was that

D. where was it that

【解析】 C考查宾语从句。根据引导词一定要位于从句的最前面，排除B项；又因为要用陈述句语序，排除A和D项，故C项正确。

（3）时态一致。当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，如果从句表述的不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：

The man insisted that the lady_____his wallet and that she_____to the police station.

A. steal； should be taken

B. stole； be taken

C. stole； should take

D. should steal； should take

【解析】 Binsist后接宾语从句表示“坚持……，主张……应该……”（即该动作尚未发生）时，从句谓语动词用“（should）＋动词原形”，should可省略；insist意为“坚持说……，认为……”，表示事实时，从句谓语动词根据情况选择使用适当时态。由本句句意可知第一个that从句表示的是“坚持说……”，而主句谓语动词是一般过去时，根据时态一致原则第一空应用一般过去时，排除A和D项；第二个that从句表示“主张……”，故选B。

1. 名词性从句中that与what的区别

① When faced with life-and-death decisions，

a teacher can be expected to do is to protect students with his or her own life.

A. thatB. what

C. howD. whether

【解析】 B考查主语从句。本题主语从句中连接词作宾语，排除作状语的how和不充当句子成分的whether。that引导主语从句时在句中也不充当成分，故选择B。

② It is difficult to fill the kids’ minds with the idea_____they must love study.

A. whichB. what

C. whetherD. that

【解析】 D名词idea后的从句不缺少句子成分，由此可断定是同位语从句，故选择连接词that。

点拨名词性从句中that与what的区别是：

（1） that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，也充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。

（2） that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可以省略，但如果有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句（及以下）中的that不可以省略。如：

She said （that） she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.

2. 名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语

① Why don’t you bring_____to his attention that now students are bearing too heavy a study load？

A. itB. this

C. thatD. what

【解析】 A考查it作形式宾语的用法。“that now

students are bearing too heavy a study load”是真正的宾语。that和this不能作形式宾语。

②_____disappeared as time went on that he was afraid of climbing high mountains.

A. ItB. That

C. WhatD. Which

【解析】 A考查it作形式主语的用法。句中that引导的从句是真正的主语。

点拨在名词性从句中，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用it作形式主语。

（1）动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：

I think it necessary that we drink plenty of hot water every day.

（2）主语从句一般位于句首，但有时可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。这种用法通常用于“It’s+名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句”句型中。如：

It’s reported that the president would come to visit our school.

It’s certain that he will attend the meeting.

3. 名词性从句中whether与if的区别

you go or stay at home won’t make any difference.

A. IfB. When

C. ThatD. Whether

【解析】 D考查主语从句。本句不缺任何成分，排除作状语的when；if不能引导主语从句，也排除。whether引导主语从句时只起连接作用，虽有意义，但不充当句子成分，故选D。

点拨whether与if表示“是否”时的区别：

两者都没有实际意义，在引导宾语从句时，可以互换使用；但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether，而不能用if。

4. 在某些动词后的宾语从句或这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词形式引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用“（should）+动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：insist，order，command，suggest，advise，demand，require，request等。

I advised that he_____to the hospital at once， but he insisted that he_____quite well then.

A. be sent； was feeling

B. was sent； felt

C. be sent； feel

D. should be sent； should feel

【解析】 Aadvise后接的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”；insist在句中意为“坚持说……”，其后的宾语从句根据时态一致原则采用一般过去时。

5. whoever，whichever，whatever引导名词性从句与引导让步状从句的区别

Word comes_____free books will be given to_____come first in this book fair.

A. which； no matter who

B. that； anyone who

C. which； whoever

D. that； whoever

【解析】 D“Word comes that ...”意为“消息传来说……”，that引导的同位语从句中含有一个介词后的宾语从句。whoever引导宾语从句，在此相当于“those who ...”，但不能替换为no matter who。

点拨whoever，whichever，whatever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，不可由no matter who，no matter which，no matter what替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。值得注意的是whoever引导名词性从句时，通常相当于anyone who或those who；whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anything that。

难点一：连接词多，难以确定

多数名词性从句的连接词都有其特定意思，且在从句中充当句子成分。请参看下表：

注意：that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，其本身没有实际意义，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，引导宾语从句时可以省略。

点拨解题时应先分析名词性从句意义是否完整，确定应使用有意义的连接词还是无意义的连接词，然后再根据从句所缺成分及连接词的意义确定连接词。

① The media today can draw public attention to

help is actually needed.

A. thatB. which

C. whereD. whose

【解析】 C考查介词后的宾语从句。分析宾语从句句子成分可知，从句是主系表结构，缺少地点状语，故选C。

②All the books I have are here. You may borrow_____you like.

A. whateverB. whichever

C. wheneverD. however

【解析】 B考查宾语从句。从句中缺少宾语，应用连接代词，排除作状语的C和D项。whatever意为“任何……的事物”，不符合题意，也可排除。选择B。

难点二： what考题结构复杂，语义抽象

I lived in_____you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.

A. whatB. which

C. thatD. where

【解析】 Ain后的宾语从句中缺少call的宾语，应用连接代词，排除作地点状语的where；that在宾语从句中不充当句子成分，也不合题意；而which语义不符。

点拨what引导的名词性从句是常考易错点。what除表达具体明确的“所……的东西/事”外，还可以表示“……的时间/地点/人/速度”等抽象意义，难度较大。注意解题时不能仅根据汉语意思选择连接词。

难点三：同位语从句和定语从句的区分

Information has been put forward_____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. whileB. that

C. whenD. which

【解析】 B从句不缺少句子成分，是同位语从句，故选择that作连接词。

点拨同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的连词均不在从句中充当成分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，且定语从句的关系词在从句中必定充当句子成分。解题时应先分析从句和先行词之间是同位关系还是修饰关系：如果为同位关系则属于同位语从句，如果为修饰关系则是定语从句。

难点四：名词性从句中的插入成分

When you are reading， make a note of_____ you think is of great importance.

A. whichB. that

C. whatD. when

【解析】 C考查名词性从句。介词of后的宾语从句中you think是插入语，从句中缺少主语，故排除D项。which语义不符，而that在从句中不充当句子成分，故选择C项。

点拨有插入语的情况多出现在宾语从句中，常见的插入语有：he thought， you think， I think / suppose / believe等。遇到这种情况时，删除插入语会更容易选出正确答案。

【自我检测】

1. Thanks to the application of new farming methods， the output is now six times_____it was before 2000.

A. thatB. what

C. whichD. how

2. Kevin consulted his teacher about_____he should study abroad after graduation..

A. whetherB. where