英语名词性从句的译法

英语名词性从句的译法（精选7篇）

英语名词性从句的译法 篇1

名词性从句是英语语言中比较重要的句子结构之一。英语等级考试中常常在完形填空、单项选择及阅读这三块重视对名词性从句的考查。这主要是对名词性从句的相关基础知识的考查。然而名词性从句的学习及掌握并非一日之功, 需要平时加强对名词性从句语法特征和语义特征的思考、练习。本文主要对名词性从句进行了归纳和分析, 以帮助考生提高英语思维能力, 减少对有关名词性从句考题的失误。

一、主语从句

在句子中充当名词作用的各种从句被称作主语从句。值得注意的是, that从句位于句首时, 连词“that”是绝对不能省略的。

1.“that从句”作主语时, 常用“it”作形式主语, 避免头重脚轻。

(1) It+be+形容词 (possible, wonderful, likely, obvious, certain, etc.) +that从句。

例如:It is certain that she will perform well in the math competition.

(2) It+be+名词词组 (no wander, no surprise, a pity, etc.) +that从句。

例如:It is a pity that she can not get the scholarship.

(3) It+be+过去分词 (reported, believed, announced, etc.) +that从句。

(4) 例如:It is believed that Lei Feng is a kind person.2.“whether/if”引导的主语从句。

当it作形式主语时, 把主语从句放在句尾时可用“whether”或“if”。但是, 当主语从句放在句首时, 只能用“whether”不能用“if”。

例如:主语从句放于句首时, Whether he will come is still a problem.

主语从句放于句尾时, It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.

3.以特殊疑问词引导的主语从句。

当用特殊疑问词引导主语从句时, 常用“it”作形式主语, 语序一般为陈述语序。

例如:It has not been decided that who will be our class’s monitor.

4.以关系代词引导的名词性关系从句。

名词性关系从句事实上是先行词和它之后的定语从句的一种结合。

例如:What they need is sincere friendship.

他们所需要的是真正的友谊。

这句中的what=the things that/which, 即先行词“The things”和之后的定语从句“that/which they need”构成了名词性关系从句。“what”充当主语, “what they need”就是以“what”开头引导的名词性关系从句。

二、宾语从句

宾语从句中一般分为两种:作及物动词宾语和作介词宾语。

1.“that”从句引导的宾语从句。

作及物动词宾语时一般可以省略, 然而作介词宾语时“that”却很少可以省略。

例如:Do you think (that) he is a honest boy?

2.“that”从句一般只能作介词“in, except”等后面的宾语。

例如:He decided to give up in that he had run up of his money.

3.“whether/if”引导的宾语从句。

(1) 及物动词之后。宾语从句为否定句时只能用“if”, “whether”从句中不能有否定形式。 (I don’t know whether he doesn’t come.这句话是错误的。)

(2) 介词后。在介词后的宾语从句只能用“whether”不能用“if”。

例如:This decision will have effect on whether or not he wil succeed.

4.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。

(1) 作动词宾语。能够接特殊疑问词的宾语从句的动词很多, 像“see, hear, watch, etc.”

例如:I can’t imagine how he did it.

(2) 作介词宾语。

例如:We are worrying about what we should do next.

5.名词性关系从句。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. (凡是需要帮助, 他都会给予热情地帮助。)

这句中的“whoever=anyone who”, 可知“whoever”即作“give”的宾语, 由充当宾语从句的主语。

三、表语从句

1.“that”引导表语从句时不可省略。

例如:My opinion is that we should cherish our life everyday.

2.只用“whether”不用“if”。

例如:The question is whether we should eat the cake withou permission.

3.特殊疑问词一般跟在系动词之后。

例如:The problem is where we cannot figure out.

四、同位语从句

1.that引导的同为语从句一般是对前面的名词起到补充说明的作用, that只起到连接的作用, 但是不可省略。

2.只用“weather”不用“if”。

3.名词性关系从句。

例如:The mother gave her daughter a beautiful toy, exactly what she longed to have. (很明显, 后半句是对“the toy”的补充说明。)

五、名词性从句在英语等级考试中的应用。

名词性从句在英语等级考试中常常以完型, 单项甚至是阅读上考查考生的思维运用能力。特别是强调考生能区分定语从句和名词性从句的差异, 从而正确地做题。例如:

1.Quality iscounts most.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

解析:考查名词性从句的连接词。“What counts most”相当于“all that counts most”, 意思为最重要的东西。

2.However, when we observe the language behavior of______ we regard as primitive cultures, we find it surprisingly complicated.

A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.what

解析:句意为:然而, 当我们观察那些在我们看来属于原始文化的语言行为时, 我们发现他们复杂得令人惊讶。

在本句中, 我们可知是考查名词性从句引导词的用法。这个词既要能作of的宾语, 又能作名词性从句regard的宾语。从选项中得知, 只有D符合。因为what引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语等成分。

3.There is no evidence________antibiotics, or anti-vira medicines help, so doctors can offer only supportive care.

A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what

解析:还没有证据能显示抗生素和抗病毒药物能治愈非典, 所以医生只采用治疗性方法。

很明显, 这句旨在考查考生对同为语从句的认知。“There is no evidence”后必须跟“that”, 起到解释说明的作用。本题很容易就选出正确答案B。

4.Facebook, a social networking site that began in 2004 as a way for college students to keep in touch has expanded to allow everyone to create their own Facebook page.Since then, Facebook has carved a niche for itself in the tech world as a company that is willing to break though the traditional barriers of business.

Facebook distinguished itself when () .

A.It broke through the traditional barriers.

B.It allowed people to create their own page.

C.It provided a platform for communication.

D.Developers began to drive new programs.

解析:在阅读时考生往往由于时间或者是粗心的原因误选A。从文章可知答案就在第二句, 然而有些考生误以为这是主语从句 (that is willing to break though the traditional barriers of business.) , 匆匆下定论。如果仔细分析, 我们就可得知这只是修饰“company”的定语从句, 答案A就必定是错误的。

六、结语

毋庸置疑, 名词性从句在英语等级考试中的考查点还是很多的。考生对名词性从句分析的能力不是一朝一夕就可以培养的。这需要对名词性从句的基本知识的了解和掌握, 注意语法方面容易出错的地方。只有经过平时认真练习积累, 考生才能准确地分析有关名词性从句的考题, 甚至能正确分析阅读理解时碰到的长句, 更好地理解阅读的内容, 从而选择正确的答案。

摘要：名词性从句一直以来都是英语等级考试中的考点。名词从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。一般来说, 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句, 以及同位语从句。本文对这些从句进行归纳和分析, 为考生的英语等级考试提供借鉴, 减少其在英语等级考试中的失误。

关键词：英语等级考试,名词性从句,应用分析

参考文献

[1]赵体华.名词性从句重难点揭秘[J].新高考, 2010, (1) .

[2]胡雯雯.浅析英语语法中的名词性从句[J].现代企业教育, 2009, (20) .

[3]谭福成.全面剖析名词性从句[J].新高考, 2011, (6) .

[4]张剑.考研英语语法精讲[M].世界图书版公司出版社, 2012.

[5]张满胜.考研英语语法新思维[M].浙江教育出版社, 2011.

英语名词性从句的译法 篇2

这里我们先总结一下能够涉及到的从句。在考研英语中，总共有三大类型从句，即名词性从句，定语从句和状语。我们这里先看一下名词性从句。名词性从句就是指在句子中起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可以担任主语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。根据它在剧中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

1、主语从句

主语从句在复合句中充当主语，为了避免头重脚轻的情况，平衡句子结构，一般用it作形式主语代替处于从句，把主语从句置于句尾。在完型填空中，对主语从句的考查以形式主语it为主。例如：It did not matter what was done in the experiment。it 作形式主语，关系代词what引导的从句是句子真正的主语。句子含义为：实验中做什么无关紧要。

2、宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以作动词的宾语、介词的宾语。也可以用于动词+it+that 结构，由it 作形式宾语。例如：That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments. () 在这句话中，it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是that 引导的宾语从句。注意在这样的结构中，that是不可省略的。句子的含义为：这种行为使得法院的判决不太可能被视作公正无私。

3、表语从句

标语从句放在系动词后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构是主语+连系动词+表语从句。引导表语从句的that通常可以省略。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain等。另外，常用的结构还有the reason…that(不用because)和it is because…例如：Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code. (2012)这句话中，that从句作连系动词is的表语，说明“问题是什么”。句子的含义为：部分为题在于法官不受道德规范的制约。

4、同位语从句

同位语从句在完型填空中出现的次数很多，广大考生要引起注意。同位语从句用于对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。能接同位语从句的应为表示抽象概念的名词，如：idea, belief, fact等。同位语从句一般由that 引导，但也可以用关系代词(what, which, who)、关系副词(when, where, why, how)或者whether …引导。例如：Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. (2010) 在这句话中，句子的主干为no systematic evidence was found，句首Contrary to 作状语， that引导的同位语从句置于谓语部分后。句子的含义为：与所记载的描述相反，没有系统的证据证明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联。

英语定语从句译法补遗之我见 篇3

随着全球经济的发展, 国际间的贸易往来日益频繁。英语是国际间交流与合作的重要桥梁, 因此, 对我们来说, 学好英语是适应社会发展趋势与潮流的必然选择, 我们只有学好英语, 学好英语翻译, 才能不断适应社会发展的需要, 才能不断提高我国的国际竞争力, 才能在这个国际大市场中立足。除此之外, 英语学习中最难掌握的部分就是翻译, 英语句子中, 定语从句和状语从句的应用是十分广泛的, 但是同时他们的翻译难度也是很大的, 句式也非常复杂。其中, 定语从句的翻译更加繁琐, 翻译方法和技巧更难掌握。因为定语从句有长有短, 有繁有简, 主句与被修饰的部分的关系有密有疏, 它的翻译方法涉及到限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句等方面, 因此掌握丰富的定语从句翻译方法和技巧是翻译好定语从句的重要手段。

二、英语定语从句译法补遗

(一) 在语法上是定语而在语义上是状语的定语从句

在我们现代汉语中, 定语可以分为限制性和修饰性两大类, 限制性定语主要是给失误限定范围或者划分种类, 可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定义从句, 而修饰性定语从句主要是指有描写作用的定语, 主要描述事物的状态和性质。也就是说我们汉语中的定语只是对所修饰的中心词进行限制或修饰, 然而在英语中, 定语从句不仅对先行词有限定或修饰的作用, 而且还可以对先行词所在的主句进行补充说明, 起限制作用, 故而称它为限制性定语从句, 起补充说明作用的我们称它为非限制性定语从句。在定语从句的翻译过程中, 我们要注意两个方面:一个是主次分明, 一个就是逻辑判断。我们这里所说的主次分明, 指的就是在翻译过程中要弄清楚原文的主要信息和次要信息。如果定语从句起的是补充说明的作用, 那么这肯定是次要信息。逻辑判断指的是对英语中定语从句所起的作用进行逻辑判断。通常我们的英语教材上用逗号来作为区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的标志, 同时逗号也并不是区分限制性和非限制性的唯一标志, 我们会遇到限制性定语从句前面有逗号的情况, 也可能会遇到非限制性定语从句前没有逗号的情况。例如:Will you buy me a book that I read on the train?这时通过逻辑判断我们可以知道, 例句中的that前面虽然没有逗号, 但是这里的从句在句中起着补充说明的作用, 所以这句话应该翻译成你能给我买本书吗?我好在火车上读。

(二) 非限制性定语从句的翻译方法

在英语中, 非限制性定语从句对主句先行词不起限定的作用, 而是起补充说明的作用, 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词进行描述或者做解释。同时非限制性定语从句, 在句子中除了起着定语的作用以外还起着状语的作用, 就是指主句与从句之间在逻辑关系上存在着明显的状语关系, 来说明句子的时间、条件、让步、结果、原因等。除此之外, 我们在对非限制性定语从句进行翻译时要充分安排好文章或句子的结构, 千万不能受定语的固定翻译模式的限制, 要摆脱束缚, 把定语从句翻译成相对应的状语从句, 尽可能地体现出原文的逻辑关系, 准确表达语义。我们先举一个例子, 例如:Nothing is difficult in the world for anyone, who dares to scado the height.这个句子可以翻译为世上无难事, 只要肯攀登。这个句子所表示的就是条件性, 主句中的某一个动作的发生是在某一条件下才能发生的, 相当于if条件状语从句。

(三) 必须翻译成定语的定语从句

什么是必须翻译成定语的定语从句, 什么样的句子必须翻译成定语, 就是指在英文中起修饰作用或限制作用的, 同时被用中文翻译恰当的定语从句, 这也包括我们平时觉得太长往往不适合翻译成定语的定语从句, 这同时也是教育工作者进行《补遗》的研究重点。在研究中发现, 现阶段各个高校使用的翻译教材上关于定语从句翻译方法的文章都能把定语从句分析得十分透彻, 但是在实际的翻译中, 仍然摆脱不了传统翻译方法的束缚。为了解决这一问题, 我们研究出了一种新的译法, 首先要先翻译出定语从句前的主句, 然后再重复先行词, 最后再把定语从句翻译成定语置于被重复的先行词之前。

三、总结

综上所述, 随着我国社会的繁荣, 科技的不断进步, 我国的教育事业也蒸蒸日上。英语在国际交流中有着不可替代的地位和作用, 因此学好英语, 做好英语翻译工作是我们现阶段亟需做的事情。英语学习中尤其是翻译中最难的地方就是定语从句, 由于定语从句自身的复杂性使得定语从句的翻译过程十分繁琐, 因此, 英语中定语从句译法有待我们做进一步研究和补遗。

摘要：随着近几年来经济全球化趋势的不断加强, 我国社会主义市场经济快速发展, 科学技术取得了较大的进步, 社会的繁荣逐渐引起了人们对教育事业的重视。英语是国际间交流与合作最广泛的应用语言, 是实现国际间交流与合作的桥梁和纽带。同时在英语的学习中, 对学生来说最难的部分就是定语从句, 定语从句可不是可以全都简单翻译成汉语“的”字结构的, 定语从句在英语中是十分复杂的, 因此本文对定语从句的翻译方法进行了阐述。

关键词：英语定语从句,翻译原则,翻译方法

参考文献

[1]郭著章, 李庆生.英汉互译教程 (第三版) [M].武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2003.

[2]曹明伦.英语定语从句译法补遗[J].中国翻译, 2001 (05) :23-26.

英语翻译考研复习名词性从句 篇4

It seems that it is going to snow. 看起来要下雪了。

That is why Jack got scolded. 这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。

The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。

His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。

考生在进行英语翻译考研复习的时候要注意将各个知识点进行汇总整理，这样在最后的强化复习阶段能更加方便的找出自己复习遗漏点。上面总结的这些英语翻译考研复习资料就是为考生节省更多时间。

英语名词性从句的译法 篇5

关键词：名词性从句,定语从句,as的用法,比较分析

名词性从句和定语从句是英语语法学习的重点和难点, 很多学者对它们分别做过研究, 例如“WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质” (满在江2011, 5:24) 是从Chomsky的转换生成理论研究名词性从句;“翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译” (邓跃平, 2011, 8:35) 从认知—功能视角研究限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;“英语定语从句译法补遗之补遗” (曹明伦, 2011, 3:83) 从语篇翻译角度把定语从句归纳成五类, 提出了相应的翻译原则。

一些美国学者也认为定语从句 (亦称关系从句) 对于英语学习者来说较难学习, 因此在亚利桑那州立大学面向英语初学者开设的“美国英语和文化课程”中, 教材Basic English Grammar (Azar, 1995) 里不包括关系从句。

大学英语四级考试和大学英语六级考试的“汉译英”这项试题始终是考生失分较多的地方。几乎在每次考试, 该项考题都有需要被翻译成定语从句或名词性从句的汉语原文, 而这正是考试的难点之一, 考生容易出错。“As”一词也是难点, 在一次测验中, 笔者要求学生用“as”翻译句子里的五个短语, 结果三个班的学生 (共计约180人) 平均得分不到60分, 由此可见, 我们有必要探讨一下, 是否可以用较简洁易懂的方式给学生讲解清楚这些语言点。

1 名词性从句

首先, 我们要弄清楚两个语法词汇, 即“句子”和“从句”。完整的句子 (指包含主谓宾的句子) 包括陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。从句源于句子, 地位比句子低了一个层次, 只能作主句的一个成分。名词性从句是指具有名词性质的从句, 换句话说, 名词能作何种成分, 名词性从句就能作何种成分, 比如名词可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语, 那么把名词性从句放在这些成分的位置, 就构成了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。句子变成从句, 原来的形式需要一些改动:陈述句需要在它的前面加个“that”;一般疑问句需要变回陈述句, 再在其前面加个“whether”;特殊疑问句疑问词不变, 后面的句子变成陈述语序。

主语从句顾名思义是把名词性从句放在主语的位置作主语, 但由于“英语在组织句子信息时强烈偏好句尾重 (endweight) ” (Yule, 2002:257) , 所以我们需要变动一下语序。例如:

A:It is hard to understand.

B:What?

A:He can’t support himself.

B:Oh, I see.That he can’t support himself is hard to understand for you.*

恰当的英语表达应该是把主语从句放在句子后面, 用形式主语it占主语的位置, 原句变成:It is hard for you to understand that he can’t support himself.

2 定语从句

定语从句 (亦称关系从句) , 是指从句作定语, 用来修饰名词 (先行词) 、部分句子或整个句子 (先行项) 。该从句由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why和how加上缺一个成分的句子构成。关系代词在定语从句中作代词能作的成分, 例如主语、宾语、定语或表语, 关系副词在定语从句中作副词能作的成分, 例如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语。关系代词和关系副词中“关系”一词的含义是指它们与被修饰成分 (先行词) 有关系, 通过它们的关系或联系, 先行词可以在该定语从句中取代该关系代词或关系副词所作的成分。这样就容易理解含有定语从句的长句子了, 这也是英译汉的方法之一。

3 对比分析名词性从句与定语从句

从上文我们可以看出名词性从句本身是完整的句子, 不缺任何成分, 是陈述语序, 在主句中作名词能作的成分;定语从句是关系代词或关系副词加上一个缺一个成分的句子, 在主句中作定语, 前面有一个先行词或先行句。

举例说明:

Can you answer my question who your friend is?

I like the girl who is her sister.

1) 句划线部分是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 作“question”的同位语, 因此是名词性从句中的同位语从句。

2) 句划线部分不是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 前面有个名词“the girl”, 因此它是修饰该先行词的定语从句。

对比图如表1所示。

需补充一点, what一词较特殊, 它作关系代词时, 是“先行词和关系代词的结合体” (张道真, 2008:283) , 因此可以看作“先行词加that”的集合体, 后面加上缺少一个代词能作的成分的句子, 引出定语从句时, what前面就没有先行词了。例如:

I don’t know what your trouble is.

What worries me is that you can’t speak English well.

从以上例句我们可以看出, what作为关系代词引出的句子不像定语从句, 因为它身兼二职, 前面没有名词作先行词, 没起到作定语修饰名词的作用, 倒起到了名词的作用, 如在例句3) 里作宾语;在例句4) 里作主语, 因此有一些语法学家认为what引出的从句是名词性从句。但是张道真认为, 关系代词what引出的是定语从句或称关系从句。笔者认为, 这是给一种特殊词汇用法起了两个名称, 没有必要深究, 该文依然按照张道真的观点论述。

4“As”的用法

As作连词的一个意思是“由于”, 该文不在此赘述。根据2005年出版的《牛津现代英汉双解词典》里的解释, as可以作关系代词, “相当于that, who, which”, 例如:

5) He lost, as you know.

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.

张道真对as做了较全面地研究:“As作为关系代词, 只能用在限制性关系从句中, 只能用在such, same, as或so后面, 不能用作所有格” (张道真, 2008:282) .

7) Such a student as works hard will succeed. (张道真, 2008:282)

8) The same accident as happened to you, had happened to me. (张道真, 2008:282)

9) As many children as come will be admitted. (张道真, 2008:282)

As也可引出非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面部分句子或整个句子, 例如:

10) I advised my brother, as was my duty. (张道真, 2008:288)

11) He became crazy, as many could see. (张道真, 2008:288)

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river. (张道真, 2008:288)

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor. (张道真, 2008:288)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词是be动词时, be动词可以省略, 例如:

14) The results as proclaimed in today’s newspapers are encouraging. (张道真, 2008:551)

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate. (张道真, 2008:551)

16) I will tell you a story as told by my mother. (张道真, 2008:551)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词相同时, 关系从句可以省略谓语动词, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.

从以上例句我们可以看出, as学起来确实不容易, 这个难度不单纯源于as复杂多样的用法, 更是由于词典对as的理解有些偏差。《牛津现代英汉双解词典》解释as是关系代词, 相当于“that, who, which”。然而, 笔者认为, as一词不能换成“that, who, which”, 因为as含有“像……”的意思, 而“that, who, which”不能表示“像……”的意思。此外, 如果as是关系代词, 引出定语从句, 那么定语从句应该修饰先行词, 先行词, 顾名思义, 是走在前面的词, 而定语从句则跟在它的后面, 但as引出的从句不都是跟在主句后面的。

因此笔者想出了一个较大胆的理解方法:as作关系代词时, 我们不妨把它理解成“like what”或“like+某人+who”, “like”在这里作介词, 表示“像”, 而as引出的从句可以理解成介词like加what引出的关系从句或like加某人加who引出的关系从句, 因此as及其引出的从句整体上可以看成介宾短语, 作主句的状语。

举例说明:

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.理解为:He is a writer, like the person who is his wife.

译文:他是一位作家, 正如他的妻子。

如果将“as”理解为“who”或“which”, 整句话就成了, “He is a writer, who is his wife.”或“He is a writer, which is his wife.”这些句子显然不合常理。

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.理解为:Like what has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.

译文:像这样的事已发生多次, 在这条河里, 儿童易溺水身亡。

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor.理解为:The result, like what may be expected, is poor.

译文:正如人们预料的那样, 结果很差。

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate.理解为:His ability, like what was displayed during the last three months, was inadequate.

译文:像他在过去三个月所表现出的那种能力是不够的。

20) Canadian law requires that the Nexen deal must be submitted for review by Industry Canada under the terms of the Canada Investment Act, as is the case for all large foreign investments in the country. (Global Times, 2012, 9, 13:14)

译文:加拿大法律规定, 根据加拿大投资法案的条约, 尼克森交易必须提交加拿大工业协会审议, 正如对待所有在加拿大做大笔投资的公司一样。”

As一词有“像……”的含义, 表示“如同……一样的 (另一个) ……”;that, who, which则表示与先行词是“同一个……”, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.理解为:I had the same trouble like what you had.

译文:我曾经遇到和你一样的麻烦。

18) This is the same watch as I lost. (It is not mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

理解为:This is the same watch like what I lost.

译文:这块表像我曾经丢的那块表。

19) This is the same watch that I lost. (It is mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

译文:这块表是我曾经丢的那块表。

每个词语的创造和存在都有它的独特的原因和意义, 如果as可以与“which, that, who”互换, 那么as还有何存在价值?通过以上诸多例句, 我们可以看到, as一词被词典解释为关系代词的这条用法可以表示“像什么那样”或“像某某那样”, 与“like what”或“like加某人加who”的意思和用法相同, 因此在理解句子意思时, 当as指某事或某物时, 可以用“like what”代替as;当as指某人时, 可以用“like加某人加who”代替as。这样理解, 就避免了将as等同于which, who或that所造成的语义理解偏差, 从而有助于英语学习者去准确理解进而正确运用。

参考文献

[1]Azar B S.Basic English Grammar[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall Regents, 1993:3.

[2]Brown, Douglas.Investment Troubles[N].Global Times, 2012, 9 (13) :14.

[3]Yule, George.Explaining English Grammar[M].Shanghai:Shang hai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002:257.

[4]曹明伦.英语定语从句译法补译之补译[J].西安外国语大学学报, 2011 (3) :83.

[5]邓跃平.翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2011 (8) :35.

[6]满在江.WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质[J].山东外语教学, 2011 (5) :24-29.

名词性从句考点剖析与精练 篇6

一、考点剖析

在语法填空这一高考题型中,涉及名词性从句的考查是没有提示词的,做题时需要把名词性从句的相关知识与题干紧密结合起来,才能确定空白处使用哪一个词引导。

1. 考查宾语从句

【典例1】I didn't understand______this would happen and my credit card had alreadybeen charged for the reservation. ( 2014年广东卷)

解析: 分析题干可知,understand之后接的是宾语从句,且空白处在从句中做状语,由此结合语境“我不理解为什么这种事情会发生”可知,应填why。

【典例2】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered______the boy would do. ( 2012年广东卷)

解析: 在题干中,wondered之后接的是宾语从句,且空白处在从句中做do的宾语,由此结合语境“其他所有学生想知道那个男孩会做什么”可知应填what。

【知识延伸】宾语从句往往位于动词、介词或某些形容词之后,其常用句式有: 1主语 +及物动词 + 宾语从句; 2主语 + 及物动词 +间接宾语 + 宾语从句; 3主语 + 动词短语 +宾语从句; 4主语 + be + 形容词 + 宾语从句。此外,it充当形式宾语,而真正的宾语为宾语从句,常用句式有:

1主语 + think / believe / make / find / consider / feel + it + adj. / n. + 宾语从句

2主语 + enjoy / hate / love / like / dislike /appreciate / prefer + it + 宾语从句

3主语 + see to / look to / insist on / stickto / depend on / answer for + it + 宾语从句

4主语 + 动词 + it + 介词短语 + 宾语从句( 如take it for granted that想当然地认为; bring it to one's attention that引起某人注意的是; owe it to sb. that把……归功于)

2. 考查主语从句

【典例1】Perhaps______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. ( 2014年上海卷)

解析: 分析题干可知,“______my motherhad told me”为主语从句,空白处在从句中做直接宾语,且指的是内容,故填what。

【典例2】______the delayed flight willtake off depends much on the weather. ( 2014年陕西卷)

解析: 分析题干的句子结构可知,depends之前是主语从句,且空白处在从句中做时间状语,故填when。

【知识延伸】主语从句常位于谓语动词之前,但是有时为了保持句子平衡,会使用it做为形式主语,而把真正的主语从句放在后面,常见的有:

1It + be + 名词 + 主语从句( 如It is afact / pity / shame / surprise that; It is no wonder that)

2It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句( 如It isclear / important / necessary / obvious / possible /strange that; It is known to all that)

3It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句( 如Itis believed / reported / said / suggested / thoughtthat)

4It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句 ( 如Ithappens that; It occurred to sb. that; Itdoesn't matter how / whether / what)

3. 考查表语从句

【典例1】The best moment for the footballstar was______he scored the winning goal.( 2014年北京卷)

解析: 分析题干可知,was之后是表语从句,且空白处在从句中做时间状语,故填when。

【典例2】As John Lennon once said,life is______happens to you while you are busy making other plans. ( 2014年湖南卷)

解析: 在题干中,is之后是表语从句,从句中缺少主语,且指的是内容,因此应使用what引导表语从句。

【知识延伸】表语从句指的是在句中做表语的从句,常位于系动词之后,其常用句式有:

1主语 + be动词 + 表语从句

2主语 + appear/ look / remain / seem/smell / taste + 表语从句

4. 考查同位语从句

【典例1】One day,he came up with an idea______he would pluck up all of his crop a fewinches.

解析: idea之后的句子对其解释说明,即idea之后的部分为同位语从句,且从句中不缺少句子成分,句意完整,故填that引导同位语从句。

【典例2】Evidence has been found through years of study______children's early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.

解析: 分析句子结构可知,study之后是主语Evidence的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句的句意完整,且不缺少成分,故填that。

【知识延伸】同位语从句常位于某些名词之后,其引导词最常用的是that。常接同位语从句的名词 有: belief,chance,conclusion,demand,desire,discovery,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,news,notice,possibility,problem,promise, report,reply,request,sign,statement,theory,thought,truth,view,warning,wish,word

为保持句子平衡,主语的同位语从句往往不紧跟其后,而是放在后面,从而形成了分隔式同位语从句,而做宾语或表语的名词与其同位语从句之间有插入语、状语或后置定语等修饰成分时,也会形成分隔式同位语从句。例如:Danby left word with my secretary that he wouldcall again in the afternoon. Danby给我的秘书留言,他下午会再打电话的。

二、备考建议

名词性从句的引导词包括连词that,if,whether; 连接代词what,which,whom,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whosever等; 连接副词when,where,why,how等。在复习备考中,一方面应该掌握好宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种名词性从句的特征与用法,另一方面应灵活掌握好连接词的种类及其用法。同时还需要强化这方面的专题训练,进一步提高自己的应用能力。

三、强化训练

( 一) 单句语法填空

1. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing______you're afraid to do.

2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That's______I was born. ”

3. I thinkim______presses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

4. “Every time you eat a sweet,drink greentea. ” This is______my mother used to tell me.

5. It is difficult for us to imagine______life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

6. I have no idea______Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday and that's oneof his favorite universities.

7. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.

8. It remains to be seen______the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

9. Do not let any failures discourage you,foryou can never tell______close you may be to victory.

10.______one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

11. Police have found______appears tobe the lost ancient statue.

12. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief______you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

13. We promise______attends the partya chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

14.______struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.

15. Experts believe______people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

16. Over the next several months,my professor taught me______one story was so much better than the other.

17. For one thing, parents have time tothink about______they want to say before they write.

18. There is clear evidence______the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.

19.______makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

20. It's good to know______the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.

21.______you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

22. From space,the earth looks blue. This is______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

23. Scientists study______human brains work to make computers.

24. As many five courses are provided,and you are free to choose______suits you best.

25. It is still under discussion______the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

26. Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter______you have lived there for a short or a long time.

27. It is by no means clear______the president can do to end the strike.

28. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but fel______the could have expressed it differently.

29. Mom called me yesterday,asking me______I was getting along with the exam.

30. I made a promise to myself______this year,my first year in high school,would be different.

( 二) 语法填空综合训练

Sometimes parents think it right and naturalthat they determinetheir children do withtheir lives. They forget that everyone is differentand that each person must develop in his or herown way.

参考答案与解析:

( 一) 单句语法填空

1. what。在题干中,doing之后跟的是宾语从句,空白处在从句中做do的宾语,且指的是具体内容,故应用what引导宾语从句。

2. where。在题干中,That's之后是表语从句,空白处在 从句中做 地点状语,故应填where。

3. what。句意为: 关于他的画我认为给我留下深刻 印象的是 他所使用 的颜色。“______impresses me about his painting”为主语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,且指的是内容,故应用what引导。

4. what。在题干中,is之后为表语从句,空白处在从句中做tell的直接宾语,且指的是内容,故应用what引导表语从句。

5. what。动词imagine之后为宾语从句,由此结合句式“What + be + sb. / sth. like?”可知,应用what引导宾语从句。

6. why。句意为: 我不知道为什么Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取,那是他最喜欢的大学之一。分析题干可知,idea之后是其具体内容,即同位语从句,空白处在从句中做原因状语,故应用why引导。

7. when。句意为: 土豆确切是在何时被引进欧洲的还不确定,大约在1565年左右。在题干中,“______the potato was introduced into Europe”为主语从句,空白处在从句中做时间状语,由此结合语境可知,应用when引导。

8. whether。句意为: 新成立的委员会的政策是否能够付诸实践,还需拭目以待。在题干中,it是形式主语,真正的主语为空后的主语从句,由此结合语境可知应填whether。

9 . how。分析题干可知,tell之后为宾语从句,由此结合感叹句的句式“how + 形容词或副词 + 主谓”可知,应用how引导宾语从句。

10. Whichever。句意为: 你们当中无论哪个人弄坏窗户都得赔偿。空白处在从句中做one的定语,由此结合语境可知应填Whichever。

11. what。在题干中,动词found之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,且指的是内容,故应用what引导。

12. that。分析题干可知,belief之后的部分是其具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,而且句意完整,故应用that引导。

13. whoever。句意为: 我们承诺无论谁参加聚会,都有机会 与影星合 影。在题干中,promise之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,由此结合语境可知应填whoever。

14. What。分析题干的句子结构可知,was之前为主语从句,在从句中缺少主语,且指的是事物,故填what。

15. that。分析题干可知,believe之后接的是宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故应用that引导。

16. why。在题干中,me之后是宾语从句,由此结合语境“为什么一个故事比另一个好得多”可知,空白处在 从句中做 原因状语,故填why。

17. what。分析题干可知,about之后为宾语从句,且空白处在从句中做say的宾语,由此结合语境可知,应用what引导宾语从句。

18. that。在题干中,evidence之后是其具体内容,即同位语从句,从句句意完整,且不缺少句子充分,故应用that引导同位语从句。

19. What。句意为: 使这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。在题干中,is之前为主语从句,空白处在从句中做主语且指的是内容,故应用What引导。

20. that。动词know之后为宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完 整,故应填that。

21. What。在题干中,describes之前为主语从句,空白处在从句中做said的宾语,且指的是内容,故填What。

22. because。在题干中,is之后为表语从句,空白处在从句中做状语,由此结合语境“这是因为其表面的71% 被水覆盖”可知应填because。

23. how。分析题干可知,study之后为宾语从句,空白处在 从句中做 方式状语,故应填how。

24. whichever。在题干中,choose之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,由此结合语境可知应填whichever。

25. whether。在题干中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为discussion之后的主语从句,根据空后的or not及语境可知,应填whether。

26. whether。分析题干可知,It为形式主语,真正的主语是matter之后的主语从句,由此结合语境和句式whetheror可知应填whether。

27 . what。分析题干可知,It为形式主语,真正的主语是clear之后的主语从句,空白处在从句中做do的宾语,且指的是内容,故填what。

28. that。分析句子结构可知,felt之后为宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故应使用that引导宾语从句。

29. how。在题干中,人称代词me之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做方式主语,故应用how做为宾语从句的引导词。

30. that。在题干中,myself之后为promise的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中句意完整,且不缺少句子成分,故应用that引导。

( 二) 语法填空综合训练

【文章导读】父母的期望值过高,方法不当,使许多学生感到压力很大,殊不知每个人都有不同的发展方式。

1. stressed。考查形容词。空白处在句中做表语,故提示词的过去分词与题意相符( 分词形容词化,意为“有压力的,紧张的”) 。

2. but。考查并列连词。空白处前后是两个并列的句子,且空白处表示转折,故应填 but。

3. adjusting。考查非谓语动词。介词之后应该接动名词做宾语,故空白处填提示词的动名词形式。

4. difficulties。考查名词。根据空前的定语children's和语境可知,difficulty为可数名词,空白处应填提示词的复数形式。

5. competition。考查名词。空白处在句中做主语,故空白处填提示词的名词形式。

6. higher。考查形容词。根据语境可知,空白处在句中暗含了一种比较的语气,故空白处填写提示词的比较级形式。

7. the。考查冠词。空白处之后的 change是名词,在句中表示特指,故应填定冠词。

8. gently。考查副词。空白处在句中做状语,故提示词的副词形式与题意相符。

9. to take。考查非谓语动词。 threaten 之后应该接不定式做宾语,故空白处填 to take。

英语名词性从句的译法 篇7

一、名词性从句的识别判定

在一篇语篇型语法填空中, 若空格所在句子含有两套主谓结构, 则该句很有可能是含有从句的复合句。此时考生可以用括号标出从句 (方法是:从空格前面开始向后标出从句) , 然后根据从句在句中所处的位置和所作成分判断是哪一种从句。那么, 名词性从句在语篇中如何判断呢?下面分别举例说明 (括号已经标出) 。

【例1】 (______ will win the match) is still unknown.

解析:观察题干可知括号内的从句处于主语位置, 作整个句子的主语, 判断其为主语从句。主语从句中谓语动词will win前缺少主语, 且指人, 故用who引导。

【例2】We believed (______ he had earned enough money to build a house) .

解析:括号内的从句位于及物动词believe后, 处于宾语位置, 作整个主句的宾语, 应该是宾语从句。根据句意可知, 宾语从句中不缺少成分, 且陈述的是事实, 故用that引导。

【例3】The tobacco, which is used to make cigarettes, was first grown in (______ is now part of the United States) .

解析:括号内的从句位于介词in后, 是介词的宾语, 应该是宾语从句。从句中缺少主语, 意思是“……的地方”, 故用what引导。

【例4】Go and get your coat. It′s (______ you left it) .

分析:括号内的从句位于系动词is后, 在句中作表语, 应该是表语从句。表语从句中主干齐全, 不缺主语和宾语, 应该是缺少状语。根据句意可知, 应填where引导从句并且在从句中作地点状语。

【例5】The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people′s fear (______ they would be infected by the present disease called SARS) .

解析:括号内的从句位于名词fear后, 并且根据意思可知是解释说明fear (害怕) 的内容, 应该是同位语从句。从句中主干齐全, 陈述的是事实, 故用that引导。

二、连接词的选用

利用加括号的办法判断出从句的类型后, 如果是名词性从句, 则根据“从句中缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则选用连接词。

1. 连接代词的选用。

当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时, 选用连接代词。常用的有what, who (m) , who⁃ever, which, whose等。what根据不同语境和所表示的意思可以灵活翻译成“……的 (话、东西、地方、时候、样子等) ”;who具有疑问意义, 意思是“谁”;whoever没有疑问意义, 意思是“……的任何人”, 相当于anybody who;which意思是“哪一个”;在句中作定语时用whose。

【考例1】If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ______ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. (2015年浙江卷)

解析:what。动词investigate后面接的是宾语从句, 分析宾语从句的成分可以发现, 空格处所作的成分是主语。名词性从句中缺少主语并且指物, 应用what引导, 此处意思是“……的东西”。

【考例2】Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ______ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. (2015年陕西卷)

解析:what。介词for后面是宾语从句, 从句中谓语动词had achieved后缺少宾语, 故填what, 意思是“……的成就”。

【考例3】How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.

解析:who。介词on后面接宾语从句, 从句中介词with后缺少宾语, 应填连接代词。根据后面的whether his friends or relatives可知应该是和谁去, 故填who。

2. 连接副词的选用。

当名词性从句中主干齐全, 根据意思缺少状语时, 选用连接副词。常用的有when, where, why和how, 这些连接副词起连接作用, 本身又能作从句的状语。

【考例1】We must find out ______ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. (2015 年重庆卷)

解析:when。find out后面接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知缺少时间状语, 故填when。

【考例2】______we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015 年北京卷)

解析:How。分析句子结构可知, 这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知缺少方式状语, 因此填how。

【考例3】You have to know ______ you′re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. (2015年湖南卷)

解析:where。know后面接的是宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知缺少地点状语, 故填where。

【考例4】The exhibition tells us ______ we should do something to stop air pollution. (2015年四川卷)

解析:why。tell是接双宾语的动词, 故此处应填宾语从句的连接词。从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知缺少原因状语, 故填why。

3. 从属连词的选用。

当名词性从句主干齐全, 又不缺少状语时, 用从属连词引导。从属连词有that, whether和if。当从句中不缺少成分, 陈述事实时, 用that引导;当从句中不缺少成分, 有“是否”的含义时, 用whether或if引导。whether与if在引导动词后的宾语从句时, 或在it作形式主语, 而真正的主语是后面的主语从句时, 两者一般可以互换, 但在下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if:引导主语从句并在句首时;引导表语从句时;引导从句作介词宾语时;从句后有or not时;后接动词不定式时。

【 考例1】I truly believe ______ beauty comes from within. (2015年北京卷)

解析:that。动词believe后接宾语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分, 因此填that起连接作用。

【考例2】It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee′s policy can be put into practice.

解析:whether/if。分析句子结构可知, it是形式主语, 后面是主语从句, 从句中不缺少任何成分, 有“是否”的含义, 故填whether/if。

总之, 在语法填空中遇到需要填连接词的空格时, 仔细分析句子结构, 首先判断出从句的类型。若是名词性从句, 则根据从句中是否缺少成分以及缺少什么成分来选择填入恰当的连接词。

三、强化训练

(一) 单句语法填空

在下列句子的空白处填入适当的词语。

1.Your skirt is really splendid, but______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair ofshoes.

2. ______ made me more surprised was______ the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.

3. What do you think of the suggestion______ we have lunch at the new restaurant?

4.We promise ______ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

5. ______ the players didn′t have a good rest shouldnt be an excuse for losing the game.

6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E- mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear when it will be on sale and______ it will cost.

7.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.

8. Word has come ______ in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.

9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______ will happen to her private life.

10. I think Mother would like to know______ I′ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick note.

11. We should be aware of the fact ______rich countries are becoming richer while poor countries are becoming poorer.

12. They are teachers and don′t realize_______ it takes to start and run a company.

13. It doesn′t matter ______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

14. On stepping into his room he wasastonished to find the floor covered with______looked like tiny insects.

15. In order to encourage the students to study hard, the school decides to give the scholarship to _______ wins the first in the exam.

16. _______ Tom was worried seemed obvious to everyone present at the meeting.

17. —It remains to be seen ______ the plan can be put into practice.

—It depends on your determination.

18. Many experts hold the view _______teacher development is ______ the key to better education lies.

19. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to have the job interview.

20. There was a sudden flash, followed by______ sounded like fireworks.

21. —Was it ______ he said or all that he did ______ let you down, Joan?

—No, not really.

22. ______ is known to us all is that the old scientist, for ______ life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.

23. That art center is ______ used to be a factory, ______ millions of tractors were made.

24. My pen- friend, Peter, wrote to me, expressing the hope ______ he would come to Beijing to see the 2008 Olympic Games.

25. I still couldn′t understand ______ the machine would work, so I asked him to explain it to me.

26. The police finally got to ______ was once an old temple ______ the villagers used as a school.

27. He was such a great hero that ______ he did, even his way of walking, was imitated by many young people.

28.“You can′ t choose what life you will have, ”said Tai Lihua, a deaf leading dancer, “but you can choose your attitude towards life.”And this is______I completely agree.

29. Actually, girls can be ______ they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a general manager.

30. If you feel tired and sick of fatty foods, that is ______ you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination.

31. ______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

32. The shocking news made me realize______ terrible problems we would face.

33. There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.

34. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of______ others actually understand.

35. I am afraid he′s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.

36. We′ve offered her the job, but I don t know ______ she’ll accept it.

37. The villagers have already known ______we′ll do is to rebuild the bridge.

38. It was never clear ______ the man hadn′t reported the accident sooner.

39. When the news came ______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.

40. As soon as he comes back, I′ll tell him______ you will come and see him.

41. The best moment for the football star was______ he scored the winning goal.

42. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing______ you’re afraid to do.

43. As John Lennon once said, life is ______happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

44. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That′s ______ I was born.”

45. I think ______ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.

(二) 语篇型语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

One day, there was a blind man sitting at the roadside. There was a sign beside him, on_1was written, “I am blind. Please help me.”Many people walked by him, 2few of them helped him.

A young man was going to his office. While3 (walk) by the blind man, he stopped and found that there were few coins in the man′s hat.He bent down and wrote a new message on the sign without asking for4 (permit) , and then he left, without saying a word.

5 (late) that afternoon, when the youngman walked by the blind man again, he saw the hat6 (fill) with bills and coins. The blind man recognized his footsteps and asked if7was he that had changed his sign. He also wanted to know8the young man had done to his sign. Then the young man told the blind man that he9 (write) something like this on the sign, “It is spring now, but I can′t see it.”The blind man expressed his gratitude to the young man and went home10 (happy) .

B

Have you ever had a headache during a test?Have you ever been11worried about something that you have a headache or even can′t sleep at night? If so, then you know12stress is.

Not all stress is bad for you.Some kinds ofstress can help you get things13 (do) better, like when you are running towards the finishingline or when you14 (ask) to give a speech toyour class.Stress sometimes can help push you tomake full15 (prepare) for a test.However, toomuch stress can result in anger, depression andother related problems, which we need to take16 (serious) .

There are many things in our life17might cause stress—having too much homework, taking a difficult test, 18having economic problems.

It′s impossible to live in a life completely free of stress, so you should learn to deal with stress. The best way19 (reduce) stress is to have a20 (balance) life. If you get enough sleep, eat properly, take more exercise and have enough fun time, youll probably feel less stressed.

参考答案与解析:

(一) 单句语法填空1.what

1. what。空格处的连接词引导的是主语从句, 并且在从句中作动词need的宾语, 故用what来引导。

2. What; that。第一空填what, 它既引导主语从句, 又在主语从句中作主语;第二空用that引导表语从句, 表示对前面情况的说明, 此处的that只起连接作用, 在句中不作成分。

3. that。suggestion后接同位语从句, 对sug⁃gestion的内容作进一步的解释。从句中不缺少成分, 故用that引导。

4. whoever。promise后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 指人, 并且意思是“……的任何人”, 故填whoever。

5. that。所填词引导主语从句, 而且从句意思和结构完整, 所以用that引导。that在这里没有实际意义, 只起引导作用。

6. that; what。idea后面的同位语从句说明idea的具体内容, 从句中不缺少成分, 故用that引导。when it will be on sale and ______ it will cost是两个并列的主语从句, 放在句尾, 由it作形式主语, 其中第二个从句中的cost后面缺少宾语, 故填what。

7. whichever。动词choose后面缺少宾语, 故空格处应填引导宾语从句的连接词。空格处所在的从句中缺少主语, 并且有“任意一个”的意思, 故填whichever。

8. that。Word has come that... 意思是“ 有消息传来……”。that引导的是word的同位语从句。

9. what。动词wonder后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。

10. what。动词know后接宾语从句, 从句中的be up to后缺少宾语, 故用what引导。

11. that。fact后接同位语从句, 表示fact的内容, 从句中不缺少成分, 故用that引导。

12. what。realize后接宾语从句, 宾语从句中takes后缺少宾语, 故用what引导, 并作takes的宾语。

13. whether/if。该句中it作形式主语, 空格处引导的是主语从句, 是真正的主语。根据句意可知此处应填whether/if。

14. what。with后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 意思是“……的东西”, 故用what引导, 并在从句中作主语。

15. whoever。介词to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且表示anybody who的意思, 故用whoever引导, 而不用who引导。

16. That。动词seemed前的主语从句陈述的是事实, 从句中不缺少成分, 故用that引导;如用what, 则需在worried后加about。

17. whether/if。该句用it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的主语从句, 根据意思可知此处表示“是否”, 故填whether/if。

18. that; where。view后接同位语从句, 对view进行补充说明, 故第一空应填that;is后接表语从句, 从句中缺少lie的状语, 故第二空应填where。

19. what。After后接宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。

20. what。by后接宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。

21. what; that。这是一个强调结构与主语从句结合考查的题目。分析句子结构可知, 强调的是句子的主语, 主语从句中的动词said后缺少宾语, 故用what引导;第二空应填构成强调结构的that。

22.What; whom。分析句子结构可知, 第二个is是主句的动词, 其前是主语从句, 由于缺少主语, 故第一空应填what;第二空是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 应用关系代词whom代替前面的先行词the old scientist, 作介词for的宾语。

23. what; where。is后接表语从句, 由于从句中缺少主语, 故第一空应填what;第二空是定语从句, 修饰先行词factory, 由于factory在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导。

24. that。名词hope后接同位语从句, 表示hope的内容, 故应填that。

25. how。understand后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 应用how引导宾语从句。

26. what; that/which。got to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导;第二空引导的是定语从句, 先行词temple在后面的定语从句中作动词used的宾语, 故选用关系代词that或which引导。

27. whatever。由句子后半句的结构可知, 第二个was前应该是主语部分, 故空格处应填主语从句的连接词。该空格在主语从句中作动词did的宾语, 并且意思是“……的任何事情”, 故填whatever。

28. where。空格处引导表语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语, 故填where。此题不可填what, 因为agree是不及物动词, 其后不接宾语。

29. whatever。空格处引导表语从句, 并在从句中作be的表语, 故用whatever。

30. when。空格处引导表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 应填表示时间的连接副词when。

31. What。由句中的is可知其前面的句子是主语从句, 从句中的offer缺少宾语, 故用what引导主语从句, 并在从句中作宾语。

32. what。realize后接宾语从句。根据宾语从句中被修饰的名词problems可知, 应使用what修饰名词problems引导感叹句, 作realize的宾语。

33. that。evidence后接同位语从句, 对其进行说明。分析句子结构可知, 从句中不缺少成分, 故填连词that。

34. what。介词of后接宾语从句, 从句中understand后面缺少宾语, 故填what。

35. why。分析句子结构可知, which引导的非限制性定语从句中有一个表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知应填why。

36. whether/if。动词know后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知本空有“是否”的含义, 故填whether/if。

37. what。分析句子结构可知, known后面的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句, 该从句中缺少宾语, 所以填what。

38. why。It在句中作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知应填why。

39. that。分析句子结构可知, 这是一个含有分隔式同位语从句的复合句。此处的the war broke out说明the news的具体内容, 且从句中不缺少成分, 故用that连接。

40. when。动词tell后接双宾语, 因此空格后是宾语从句。根据句意可知应填连接副词when。

41. when。was后接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据题干前半部分中的moment可推断出, 后面应该说的是“……的时候”, 故填when。

42. what。动词is doing后接宾语从句, 从句中do后面缺少宾语, 故填what。

43. what。is后接表语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故填what。

44. where。空格处位于is后, 是表语从句, 从句主干齐全。根据句意可知, 应填where。

45. what。分析句子结构可知, 空格处引导的从句作is的主语, 是主语从句。从句中缺少主语, 故填what。

(二) 语篇型语法填空

A

【解题导读】一个年轻的男子帮助一位坐在路边乞讨的盲人修改了牌子上的标语后, 很多人开始给这位盲人钱。

1. which。on which was written是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 先行词是a sign。

2. but。前后两句之间的意义上存在转折关系, 因此用but连接。

3. walking。While walking by the blind man是“连词+分词”结构, 省略了he was。

4. permission。空格中所填单词在句中作宾语, 需用permit的名词形式。

5. Later。根据文意和其在句中的位置可知, 本空应填副词later, 表示“后来”。

6. filled。此处filled with bills and coins是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。

7. it。“...it was he that had changed his sign.”是强调句型, 被强调的是主语he。

8. what。该句位于动词know后面, “what the young man had done to his sign”是宾语从句, 从句中缺少宾语, 故填what。

9. had written。宾语从句的谓语动词write的动作发生在主句谓语动词told的动作之前, 故应用过去完成时。

10. happily。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词went, 需用副词形式。

B

【解题导读】压力有好坏之分。平衡生活是战胜压力最好的方法。

11. so。该句使用了so...that...句型, 表示“如此……以至于……”。

12. what。动词know后面是宾语从句, 从句中缺少表语, 故填what。

13. done。空格处所填单词在句中作宾语补足语, 与宾语things构成动宾关系, 应用被动形式。

14. are asked。主语you是谓语动词ask的承受者, 故应用被动语态。

15. preparations。空格中所填单词在句中作make的宾语, 故用名词形式。make preparations for是固定短语, 意思是“为……作准备”。

16. seriously。take...seriously意思是“ 对…… 认真对待”。

17. that/which。关系代词that/which引导定语从句, 并且在从句中作主语, 其先行词是many things。

18. or。破折号后面三个并列的动名词短语之间是选择关系, 故用or连接。

19. to reduce/of reducing。way表示“方法”时, 后面常接to do sth. 或of doing sth., 意思是“做某事的方法”。