中考英语语法复习专题----宾语从句

中考英语语法复习专题----宾语从句（共7篇）

中考英语语法复习专题----宾语从句 篇1

中考英语语法复习专题----宾语从句

【考点扫描】

中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2.宾语从句的语序； 3.宾语从句的时态。

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。【名师精讲】 一.宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said(that)he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know(that)she is seriously ill.I am sure(that)he will succeed.2.由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who(whom)they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if(whether)he lives there.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.二.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear(that)physics isn’t easy.I think(that)you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.三.宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：

I don’t think(that)you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【中考范例】

1.(2004年北京市中考试题)Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.A.where does she live B.Where she lives C.where did she live D.where she lived 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Would you please tell me ________? A.when did he come home B.where he would play football C.if he had seen the film D.why he didn’t watch the game

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)I don’t know when __________.A.will the train leave B.the train will leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

4.(2004年常州市中考试题)---We don’t know _____________.---It is said that he was born in Sweden.A.what he is B.if he lives here C.where he comes from D.which country is he from 【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。【满分演练】 一.单项填空

1.Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday? A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom did 2.I want to know_________.A.what is his name B.what’s his name

C.that his name is D.what his name is 3.Do you know ________ I could pass the exam? A.that B.whether C.what D.which 4.Jim doesn’t understand ____________.A.which is the way to the museum B.why his wife always goes shopping C.what is the way to the museum D.why does she always go shopping 5.---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for? A.that B.whose C.who D.which 6.Mr.King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home C.when did his son come home D.when his son came home 7.Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning? A.how does he mend B.how he mends C.how he mended D.how did he mend 8.---I’m waiting for the mail.Do you know ________ it will arrive?

---Usually it comes by 4: 00.A.how B.where C.when D.what 9.---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?---Certainly.Go straight along here.It’s next to a hospital.A.how we can get to the post office B.how can we get to the post office C.how get to the post office D.how could we get to the post office 10.---Can I help you?---Yes.I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei.Can you tell me ______ take to get there?

A.how soon will it B.how soon it will C.how long it will D.how long will it 11.He wanted to know ___________.A.whether he speaks at the meeting B.when the meeting would start C.what he’s going to do at the meeting

D.where would the meeting be held

12.---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?---The day after tomorrow, I think.A.when will you visit B.when you will visit C.when would you visit D.when you would visit 13.Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr.Wang? A.what should we do B.we should do what C.what we should do D.should we do what 14.You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited 15.I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.A.that B.when C.where D.whether 16.---Could you tell me ____________?---Sorry, I don’t know.I was not at the meeting.A.what does he say at the meeting B.what did he say at the meeting C.what he says at the meeting D.what he said at the meeting 17.---Could you tell me _________ last night?---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.A.what you were doing B.what were you doing C.what you are doing D.what are you doing 18.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted 19.Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.A.they had had B.have they had C.they have had D.had they had 20.It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.A.how B.why C.that D.when 二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.2.我认为玛丽不回来了。

I don’t think Mary ______ ______.3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎么走吗？

Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower? 5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______? 8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？

Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away? 9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jack said he _______ something important to do.【练习答案】

一.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A 二.1.he is 2.will come 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if(whether)7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had

从宾语从句看高中英语语法教学 篇2

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

宾语从句的关联词主要有that， if， whether， what， which， when， how等。 that是引导表示陈述语气的宾语从句，而if， whether是引导表示是否和否定意思的宾语从句； what等引导词则需要根据语境的不同来选择。

一、 that的用法

that引导宾语从句，且大部分情况下that可以省略。例如：

I know （that） he has come back to school. 我知道他已经回到学校来了。

但是， that在引导宾语从句时不是任何情况下都可以省略的。例如：

（1） Everybody could see what happened and that Jim was frightened.

本句中and是连接两个宾语从句， and后所连接的宾语从句that不能省略。

（2） I know nothing about her except that she has a mother. 除了知道她有一个妈妈，我对她一无所知。

except是介词，介词后面加宾语构成介宾结构，而she has a mother是一个句子，所以that she has a mother做except的宾语， that在此句中不可以省略。

二、 if和whether的用法

if和whether通常用于疑问句中表示“是否”之意，两者可以互换使用。例如：

Nobody knows whether/if it rains tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。

但是在特殊情况下whether和if是不可以互换的。例如：

（1） I am not sure whether to go. 我不确定是否要走。

在不定式之前一定要用whether而不能用if。

（2） It makes no difference to us whether you go abroad or not. 你是否出国对于我们来说都没有区别。

当句中有or not时用whether而不用if。

（3） I worry about whether he can pass the exams.

句中whether引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。

另外， whether可以引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，而if则不能。例如：

Whether it is true remains a problem. 这是否正确仍是个问题。（主语从句）

The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题的关键是我们是否应该借钱给他。（表语从句）

They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们正在调查这位男子是否值得信赖。（同位语从句）

三、 wh-引导词

wh-引导词则需要根据句子的具体含义进行选择。例如：

In your own home you can do whatever you like. 在家里可以做你喜欢做的任何事情。

The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部会给任何获奖的人一个奖品。

That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们将去哪里。

传统的高中语法教学是这样的一种模式：老师课前整理好语法重点——课堂中直接给学生进行讲解——学生硬性地背这些条条框框。在这种教学模式中，学生只是抱着一种应付的心理去学习，而不是自愿去学，致使课堂气氛沉闷。现在的学校很多都是采用题海战术，每天课后都有很多卷子让学生去做，晚上放学后还是要发卷子让学生做，学生下晚自习的时间都已经很晚了，老师所发的卷子根本是不可能完成的任务，所以只能熬夜写，然后睡眠不足，白天上课时没有精神听课。这样恶性循环，最终将导致学生的学习成绩下降。

我们学习英语语法的真正目的是帮助学生掌握学习语法的技巧，提高学生在考试中的运用能力以及在阅读中分析长句的能力。最终达到“learning by using， learning for using”的目的。

近些年来的实践证明，通过听说的方法对于学好英语语法还是比较有效的。

（1） 练好最基本的句型。通过传统的英语听力，练习跟读，达到熟读，使其成为自己可以熟练运用的语言并运用到生活中。听力材料可以使用教材听力、广播、电视等，由浅入深，由简入繁，做到逐步深入，逐渐提高。

（2） 在课文中去学习。词语只有结合在语句中才会有生命的流动，才会有深刻的记忆，才知道如何运用，语法也是如此。因此，学生要特别注意课文中出现的经典句型，自己多加练习并有意识地加以运用。

（3） 进行大量的实践。英语学得好与坏并不是说看你听了多少本听力磁带，而是看你平时说的多不多。你听了一年的英语但却没说过一句英文，这种听是毫无意义的。我们只要听得懂就好，熟练地说才能达到实践的目的。学习语法，运用语法没有捷径，只有在听懂的基础上进行大量的练习并运用到生活中去才算真正地学会语法。

大学英语四级语法精要：宾语从句 篇3

a) 连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语.

Tell me what you want.

I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.

Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.

能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等. 这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与作宾语:

I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.

I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.

这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语:

Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?

Please advise me which book I should read first.

有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语:

Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.

He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.

I was curious as to what he would say next.

中考英语语法复习专题----宾语从句 篇4

重难点精讲

考点精讲

考点一宾语从句（2013年30题，2012年30题，2011年30题，2010年30题，2009年35题考查）

连接词

连接词that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句。

如：I know(that)he is a teacher.我知道他是一名老师。

that...and/but that...引导由并列或转折关系的陈述句变来的宾语从句。

如：I hear that your father is a singer and your mother is a dancer.我听说你爸爸是一名歌手，你妈妈是一名舞者。

连词if或whether引导一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句变来的宾语从句。

如：Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？

连接由代词、副词（即疑问词）引导的特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。

如：Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎么去学校。

语序

宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如： Do you know where Tom lives? 你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？ 时态

如果主句为一般现在时，则宾语从句时态不受限制，根据实际情况使用所需要的时态。如：I hear Joan left for Beijing yesterday.我听说琼昨天离开北京了。

I hear Joan has left for Beijing.我听说琼已经离开北京了。

I hear Joan will leave for Beijing tomorrow.我听说琼明天将离开北京。

如果主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句的时态只能用过去的某种时态。

如：Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候在看电视。

Kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她很快要去学校。

Kate said she had seen the film before.凯特说她之前看过这部电影。

如果宾语从句为客观真理或普遍事实，则用一般现在时。

如：Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。如果宾语从句是由when引导的从句或带有时间状语的从句，则when引导的从句或时间状语从句中的时态不变。

如：The teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.这位老师想知道这个女孩是什么时候出生的。

Tom said he had worked here since he left school.汤姆说他自从离校后就在这里工作。如果宾语从句中含有过去具体的年、月、日时，则其时态保持不变。

如：I heard Lucy was born in 1986.我听说露西是1986年出生的。

否定前移

如果主句的谓语动词是think, guess, believe等动词且接有否定的that宾语从句时，常将否定词提前到主句中。I do not think that Alice is an American.我认为艾丽斯不是美国人。复合结构在think, find, make等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词 加 1

it加 宾语补足语 加 宾语从句”结构。

如：I think it important that we should learn swimming well.我认为我们学好游泳很重要。

疑问词 加 不定式

“疑问词 加 不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what, which 和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。

如： I really do not know what to write about.我真的不知道写什么。

I asked him how to learn English well.我问他怎样学好英语。

宾语从句法口诀

宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词。主句一般现在时，从句时态随句义。

主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理，一般现在带过去。

引导词也不难，陈述要用that连。一般问句表“是否”，if或whether来引导。

特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行，还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。

主句动词“猜想”词，“否定转移”莫忘记。特殊用法记心间，学好宾从不一般。考点二定语从句（2013年23题考查）

关系词 that, who 可充当主语、宾语、表语，先行词为人

如： Do you know the girl who or that often comes here? 你认识那个经常来这儿的女孩吗？

关系词whom, that可充当宾语，先行词为人

He is the boy(whom or that)I talked with just now.他就是和我刚才谈话的男孩。that, which主语、宾语、表语，先行词为事物、时间、地点、原因

如：A dictionary is a book that or which gives the meaning of words.字典是给出单词意思的一本书。

that, which可充当主语、宾语、表语事物、时间、地点、原因。如：

The school(that or which)we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai.我们昨天参观的那所学校是在上海很有名的一所学校。

I will never forget the days(that or which)we spent together.我永远也不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。

This is the factory(that or which)we visited yesterday.这就是我们昨天参观的那个工厂。

定语从句用法口诀

主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧靠先行词，关系词引导要弄清。

定人用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词有that，定人定物有本领。

定时间要用when，定地点where行。关系代（副）词作成分，唯作宾语可以省。

考点三 状语从句

山西中考对状语从句的考查多和从属连词结合在一起，以考查状语从句中的从属连词为主。此处只对常见的几种状语从句进行简单讲解，具体详见从属连词的讲解。

时间状语从句when/while/as 当„„时;since自从（„„到现在）;until/till 直到„„;as soon as 一什么就什么

如： I was doing my homework when he came.他来的时候我在做作业。

条件状语从句if如果

如：We will go to see you if we are free.如果我们有空的话我们就去看你。原因状语从句because因为;since既然;as由于

如：Since everyone is here, let’s begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，就开始会议吧。

目的状语从句so that以便；为了

如：Please speak slowly so that we can follow you.请说慢点以便我们能跟上你。结果状语从句so that结果是;so/such...that...如此„„以至于„„

如：We got up so late that we missed the early bus.我们起床如此晚以至于我们错过了早班车。让步状语从句 although/though尽管

如：The air is around us, though we can not see it.虽然我们看不见空气，但其实它就在我们身边。

比较状语从句than比;as...as...和„„一样, not so/as...as...不如„„

如：It was much better than I’d expected.比我预想的要好得多。

方式状语从句as像,如

如：We did as the teacher told us.我们按照老师说的做。

地点状语从句where 哪里

如：Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

常用状语从句用法口诀

状语从句三要点，时间、原因和条件。

从句如果表时间，when, after, before走在前。

状语从句表原因，because前面来引导。

状语从句表条件，if前面来引导。

主句通常前面走，从句紧紧跟在后。

中考英语语法复习专题----宾语从句 篇5

状语从句

1.时间状语从句。

引导时间状语从句的有：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等。

(1) When, while和 as

When既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用与主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重动作的持续性和对比性。如：While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story.as用于引导“在某行为的继续中发生某事”的“继续之行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。并常用来表示两种发展变化中的情况。

When they came home, I was cooking dinner.

She watched TV while (she was) eating.

As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

(2) 时间状语从句还有几个特殊的引导词。

如：every time, each time, next time, the day, the year, the minute, the moment 和副词immediately, directly, instantly等.

a.Every time I saw him, I would like to listen to his songs.

b.I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.

c.I recognized her the minute I saw her.

d. He left Europe the year World War II broke out.

e. My sister came directly(=as soon as) she got my message.

f. The machine will start instantly you press the button.

(3) since 和 before 的用法异同。

It is/ has been + some time+ since+ sb did sth.

It was / is / will be + some time+ before sb did/ do sth

It is just a week since we arrived here.

It’s a long time since I met you last.

How long is it since you were in Ningbo ?

It was years before I came back from abroad. It will be five years before we meet again.

It wasn’t long before he came back..

since 其后的动词不同,起算的时间也不同.

since + 瞬间动词过去式 (从该动作发生时算起)

since + 持续性动词的过去式 ( 从该动作结束时算起)

He worked very hard since he entered the factory.

We haven’t seen each other since I worked in the factory.

(从我不在厂工作以来……)

She has never been to visit me since I was ill. (病愈以来)

(4)till& until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用以强调，句首多用until;在强调结构或与not连用时多用until。例如：Nothing can be done till/ until the boss returns.

I waited for him until he came back.

He didn’t go to bed until he had finished the work.

Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.

(5) no sooner…than, hardly…when和scarcely… before相当于as soon as之意, 其引导的从句中谓语动词要用 had done。当 hardly, scarcely和 no sooner置于句首时,语气较强, 主句的谓语要部分倒装. 例如:

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.

No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.

2. 地点状语从句由where或 wherever引导，在主句前，后均可.

where 表特指，wherever表泛指

I found the books where I left them.

Make a mark where you have any questions.

Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.

(1) 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。如：

Where there’s a will, there’s a way.

Wherever there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.

(2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。Where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中 where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。 如：

Go back where you came from

Go back to the village where you came from.

Bamboo grows best where it’s wet and rainy.

Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy.

3. 原因状语从句because, since, as, for,

because表直接的原因,语气最强.

since “既然”:一般放在句首,表已知的原因,全句重在交代结果,语气比because弱.

as 放在句首或句末,说明因果关系,语气较弱,重点在主句,译作“由于”for表间接原因，用来补述内容.放在主句后.语气最弱.

Since (As) it was raining, you ‘d better take a taxi.

Because he is ill, he is absent today.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

As he is from the south, he is unaccustomed to the dry weather in Beijing.

在强调句型中,引导从句只能用because, 不能用 since或as.

It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.

4. 条件状语从句

引导词: if, unless, so/ as long as用一般现在时表示一般将来时

In case anything important happens, please call me up.

I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.

if only(要是…就好了; 但愿) 常表示愿望或一未实现的条件,尤用于感叹句.

If only he arrives in time!

If only I had met him earlier!

If only it would stop raining!

on condition(that)=provided (that) =providing (that) ( 假若; 倘使)

supposing (that) =if

You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.

I’ll go providing my wages are paid.

Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

*在条件状语从句中,如果条件状语从句的主语同主句主语一致或是无人称代词, 从句的谓语动词或助动词 be, 可将从句的主语和动词 be一起省略.

If (it is) necessary, I’ll go with him.

If (it is) important, I’ll write this article.

目的和结果状语从句

目的:so that… in order that… ( 情态动词)

结果: so that, so/ such… thatHe studied even harder so that he might catch up with the top students in a possible short period.

He studied even harder so that he caught up with the other students.

He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.There are so many people in the room that we could’t get in.

方式状语从句

方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though 等引导。

注意:

1) as 表行为方式

2) as if 引导的从句表示与事实相反或不可能实现时,从句用虚拟语气。

比较状语从句

引导词: than, as… as,

the more… the more…He didn’t do as much as he had

promised.

Now we can produce much more

steel than Japan.

The higher you stand, The farther you will see.

注意被比较的内容应一致

The weather here is hotter than that( = the weather) in your hometown.The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.

电大学位英语学习-宾语从句 篇6

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：that(that 常可省略),whether, if

代词：who, whose, what ,which

副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略

当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if)they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句

在带to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there.在介词的后面

例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.在动词后面的宾语从句时

例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

直接与or not连用时

例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时

例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：

I don’t know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?

Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

四.宾语从句的时态

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五.宾语从句的特点

宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.48个国际音标助记口诀

国际音标四

十八、个个都要记清它，元音单、双二十整，辅音清、浊二十八。

单元音又分中、前、后，依次各有二、四、六，双元音数也是双，正好八个不要漏。

辅音虽多也别慌，清浊成对有十双，剩下[h][r][l][j][w]，还有鼻音[m] [n] [ŋ]。

有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

be动词用法口诀

我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；

单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。

变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。

变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。

疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

开音节与闭音节区分口诀

开音节，音节开，一元字母在后排；不怕一辅堵后门，还有哑e在门外。

闭音节，音节闭，一元字母生闷气；辅音字母堵后门，一元字母音短急。

英语词类口诀

句子要由词组成，英语词类有十种：

句中成分用实词，名、代、动、副、数、形容；

冠、介、连词和感叹，虚词附加或沟通；

词类功能掌握了，造句之时好运用。

英语语序口诀

主、谓、宾、表同汉语，定语有同也有异。状语位置更特殊，不能全和汉语比。

肯定句变一般疑问句口诀

have和be提句首，其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变，动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。

肯定句变否定句口诀

否定词语加not，放在be和have后；其它要加动词do，do的后面加not；

时间、人称由do变，动词原形总保留；谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。

名词所有格变化口诀

名词只变数，不分主宾格。人和动物类，可变所有格。

撇后加s，相当汉语“的”。时间、距离等，也变所有格。

名词变复数口诀

单数变为复数式，加上“s”统言之。

下列结尾名词后，要加“s”先加“e”：

发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z]，或是辅音加“o”时。

有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意：

“y”前字母是辅音，一律变“y”为“ie”；

遇到“f/fe”，有时需要变“ve”；

少数名词不规则，特别情况靠硬记。

时间名词前所有介词的速记口诀

年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。

遇到几号要用“on”，上午下午又是“in”。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。

午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也在时分前，说“差”用to，说“过”要用past。介词速记口诀

介词加宾语，才能有实意。表、定、状、宾、补，词组在句里。

in 在„„里，out在„„外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by。

on在„„上，under在„„下，above在上头，below在底下。

动词的时态变化口诀

四种时间各四式，联想对比便于记。

时间现在和过去，各自还有将来时。

一般、完成、进行式，完成进行是四式。

四四共有十六种，看来复杂掌握易；

除去have/be以外，动词变化有规律。

动词形式变化口诀

动词根本是原形，变化形式有四种：原形词尾加“s”，现在第三单人称；

过去原形加“ed”，过去分词也相同；原形加上“ing”，现在分词或动名。

原形词尾加“s”，如同名词复数式。若加“ed/ing”，以下情况要注意：

词尾有ie只加d，Ing去掉无声e；词尾ie变成y，然后再加ing；

辅音之后y结尾，y要变i加ed；现在分词不变y，直接加上ing；

词尾重读闭音节，结尾辅音都双写，r做结尾也一样，重读音节r双写；

结尾字母若是“t”，不是重读也双写。过去分词过去式，不按规则也有些。

基数词变序数词

基变序，有规律，词尾字母tdd。八减t，九减e，f要把ve替。ty把y变成i，记住山前有个e。There be的位置和用法口诀

说明何时何地有，there be在主语前。随着主语第一个，be的形式做变换。

be going的用法口诀

be going是助动词，后跟加to不定式。说明“准备”或“就要”，时间人称只变be。

have+got用法口诀

have作为动词“有”，情态动词have；have got惯用语，got可有也可无。

若变否定疑问句，去掉got再加do；或把have提句首，not加在have后。

冠词基本用法口诀

名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a，an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠the，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。反意疑问句用法口诀

反意问句三要点，前后谓语正相反；短句not如出现，必须缩写是习惯；最后一点应注意，短句主语代词填。

感叹句用法口诀

感叹句，并不难，what、how放句前；强调名词用what，其余用how很简单。宾语从句用法口诀

宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。

感观使役动词记忆口诀

一感；feel；二听：hear,listen to；三使：make ,let ,have；四看：look at,see,watch,notice 感观使役动词使用口诀感使动词真奇怪，to在句中象妖怪；主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来；动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。

形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀

结尾直加-er,-est属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。

一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。

辅音加y(ly)除外有型感，按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。

上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。

词前加more,most此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。

有些不规则变化请你记全。“双好”better,best记的宽。

“坏病”worse,worst莫记乱。“双多” more,most不用管。

“老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,least记清盼。

形容词和副词比较级和最高级用法口诀

一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。

若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。

若甲乙程度相同，as„as 结构体。甲某方面不及乙，用 not so/as„as来表示。

英语中考语法(一)名词复习 篇7

《GO FOR IT!》英语中考语法(一)名词专题复习(1)

(第5周复习内容1---3)

一. 知识归纳、分析与总结

1. 名词的定义

名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：

Honey蜂蜜.weather天气.newspaper报纸 worker 工人 desk 桌子

hospital 医院 time 时间 honesty 诚实 water水. money钱.etc.

2. 名词的分类

名词分为专有名词和普通名词

普通名词：表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。

例如teacher 老师 tea 茶 student 学生

专有名词：表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。

China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京

名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。

可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。

a book 一本书 some books 两本书

不可数名词：不分单,复数;抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。

sand 沙 sugar 糖earth.泥土 milk牛奶 .

有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。

glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件

3. 名词的功能

名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。

书包在桌子里边。

I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。

昨天我洗了我的衣服。

This is a good book. book 作表语。

这是一本好书。

We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。

我们选他为我们的班长。

Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语。

玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。

He is a Party member. Party 作定语.

他是一名党员。

They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。

他们不分日日夜夜地努力学习。

4. 名词的数

1)、定义：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。

a book 一本书 two books 两本书 a bag 一个包 three bags 三个包

名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如： a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。

名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 ―s 或 ―es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。

2)、规则

构成

读音

例词

一般情况下,在词尾加 ―s.

1. 在清辅音后读/s/.

2. 在浊辅音、元音后读/z/.

1.maps /s/

desks /s/

2.days/z/

dogs/z/

以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后面加―es

+es 读/iz/

class―classes/siz/

box―boxes/siz/

brush―brushes/iz/

watch―watches/tiz/

以e结尾的名词后面加―s

+s读/iz/

houses/ziz/

horses/ziz/

以 ―f 或 ―fe 结尾的名词,把 ―f 或―fe 变成 ―ves

―ves读/vz/

bookshelves/vz/

wives/vz/

knives/vz/

以辅音+y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i ,再加 es

―ies读/iz/

cities/iz/

babies/iz/

factories/iz/

以辅音 + o 结尾的名词,加 ―es,

―s 读/z/

heroes/z/

potatoes/z/

tomatoes/z/

注：极少数名词虽然以―o 或者―f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 ―s,为数不多, 如 radios, pianos, photos, roofs .bamboos等。

4)、英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆，常见的有，

man -men, woman ― women, foot ― feet, tooth ― teeth, mouse ― mice,sheep -sheep, dear ― dear, fish C fish child-children.people―people

Chinese-Chinese. Japanese-Japanese.注意：其余国家的人的复数都是+S

EG: Germans .Canadians

5)、英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。

scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯 police 警察 stockings 长裤 socks短袜 boots 靴子

注意：但当以上词前+a pair ….of … be/V(单数)如：

Here is a pair of trousers .

news .phsics. maths 是一个单词，通常怍单数用

6)、….of……j结构的名词,前后都是复数名词,两个都变,后是不可数名词只变前的名词。Eg: two baskets of eggs. Five glasses of water ,

7)、复合名词的复数形式变化：规则变化的名词+规则变化的名词，只变最后一个名词，不规则名词+规则变化名词，两个名词同时变

eg: 5 pencil Cboxes. 10 men teachers.

8)、语法综合运用

在数词分数中的应用，当分之大于1时，分母(序数词)+S

四分之三：three quarters 或three fourths.

五分之二:Two fifths. One fifth 则不加S.

注意:一些固定短语的用法:数以百记

(1)handreds of… 成千上万 thousands of =milllions of =tens and thousands of +可数名词,都是不确定的数。 The number of的数目.A number of= a lot of= lots of =many +可数名次 是许多之意…(见第四章数词)

(2)多少：how many+可数名词 how many+不可数名词， a great deal of+不可数名词。

(3)plenty of用于否定句中 much+不可数名词 many+可数名词

=a lot of=lots of 都是“许多”之意。(见第三章代词)

5. 名词的格

1)、定义

在英语中,名词的.格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。

The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是主格。

I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。

名词的所有格： 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。

2)、在单数名词后+’S

EG: Lu Xun’s book is worth reading.

鲁迅的书值得一读。

This is my father’s room.

这是我父亲的房间。

3)、以―s 或 ―es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 “ ’ ”。

There are many students’ exercise books here.

这儿有许多学生的练习本。

4)、复合名词的所有格 “ ’s” 加在后面的名词之后。

This is my son―in―law’s bike.

这是我女婿的自行车。

如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加 “ ’s ”。

We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang’s room.

我们参观了小李和小张的房间。

5)、名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。

The book is not mine, but Li Hua’s.

这本书不是我的，是李华的。

I had my hair cut in the barber’s.

我在理发店理发了。

表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与 of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。

It’s a map of China.

它是一幅中国地图。

Beijing is the capital of China.

北京是中国的首都。

6)、双重所有格，...of +名词+’s/名词性的物主代词。

eg: my book=abook of mine. twins’ bedroom= the twins’ of bedroom

7)、表示时间，距离，日期等可以用+’S或+S’表示所有格。

【例题】

1. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?

A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe

答案：C

句意：我们需要更多的土豆。你能带过来一些吗?

解析：potato 土豆是可数名词。因为有some修饰所以potato要用复数形式。以辅音+o结尾的名词后面要+es。所以C. potatoes是正确答案。

2. What big____ the tiger has!

A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes

答案：B

句意：老虎长着多么大、多么锋利的牙齿呀!

解析：牙齿tooth的复数形式是teeth

3. Please remember to give the horse some tree___.

A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave

答案：B

句意：请记得喂马一些树叶。

解析：树叶leaf是以f结尾的，所以它的复数形式是变f为v，再加es

4. ―Can we have some ___?

―Yes, please.

A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear

答案：B

句意：―能给我们一些橘子吗?―好的。

解析：some 修饰名词复数。四个选项中只有B. oranges是复数。