国际商务中合同 Contract常用语及词汇(共6篇)
国际商务中合同 Contract常用语及词汇 篇1
商务报告常用词汇及表达方式
一、常用词汇
Informal report
Formal report Memorandum report
备忘录式报告 Letter report
书信式报告 Preliminary parts 前言部分 Title page 标题页 Table of contents 目录
Table of illustrations 插图目录 Synopsis
概要
Bibliography
参考文献 Appendix 附录
Periodic report
定期报告 Investigation report 调查报告 Justification report
辩护报告 Progress report
进展报告 Staff report 参事报告
Feasibility report 可行性报告 Audit report
审计报告
Recommendation
建议,劝告 By and large 总的来说
Present market trend 目前市场走向 A regular customer 老顾客 A regular meeting 例会 Proposal report
建议报告
二、常用表达方式
(一)导言(Introduction/ Terms of Reference)
以下是导言部分写作的常见句型:
· The report examines / explains…
· The purpose of this report is to… investigate / evaluate / study…
· The objective of this report is to… recommend / analyze / give…
· The aim of this report is to… feedback / estimate / assess…
· Enclosed is a report about… ·The report/proposal aims/set out to….·The report is based on….(二)材料收集方法(Methodology / Proceedings)
以下是该部分写作的常见句型:
· A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions.· A questionnaire was completed by those who were surveyed in this project.· The information was mainly achieved with a number of telephone calls to manufacturers.(三)调查结果(Findings)
以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构: · The findings of the investigation indicate that…
· It was proposed / found / felt / discovered that…
· It was generally the case that…
· Most people thought / suggested that…
· A number of people mentioned that…
· Several changes were put forward.· Several staff members expressed the view that…
·The disparity clearly showed …
·The following points summarize our key findings.·The key findings are outlined below.(四)结论(Conclusions)
以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构:
It was decided/agreed/felt that…
It is clear that….No conclusions were reached regarding….(五)建议(Recommendations)
以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构:
It is suggested/proposed/recommended that ….We(strongly)recommend that…
It is essential to
It would be advisable to
若报告中需提供图表统计数据或描述行情走势,撰写人应当熟悉这方面写作的常用句型,以下就是该方面写作的一些典型句子结构:
· The table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics shows / describes / illustrates that…
· As it can be seen from the table / chart / figure…
· It is clear / apparent from the table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics that…
· The number of… increased / jumped / rose suddenly / rapidly / dramatically from…to…
· The number of…decreased / dropped / fell greatly / significantly sharply from…to…
· The number of…fluctuated slowly / slightly between…to…
· The number of… remained steady / stable(stayed the same)between…to…
· There was a(very)sudden / rapid / dramatic / significant increase / jump / rise in the number of…from…to…
· There was a(very)sharp / steep / steady / gradual / slow / slight decrease / drop / fall in the number of…from…to…
· The monthly profit / figures peaked in December at 10%.· The monthly profit / figures reached a peak / a high(point)in December at 10%.· The monthly profit / figures bottomed out in December at 10%.· Sales witnessed a great rise / increase / drop / fall between…to…
此外,还有以下其它部分:
1.对于线性图表的描述
上升1.对于上升趋势的描述:
a.可以使用的动词或动词词组:to increase;to go up;to rise;to grow;to jump;to leap
to soar;to shoot;to pick up b.可以使用的名词:an increase;a growth;a jump;a soar;an upward trend 2.对于上升到某个位置的描述: a.1.a.中的动词+to+具体数据。
b.1.a.中的动词+to+the peak of+具体数据。c.1.a.中的动词+reaching the peak of +具体数据。d.1.a.中的动词+reaching + 具体数据。e.to peak at + 具体数据 f.to climb to + 具体数据 3.对于上升的程度的描述:
a.1.a.中的动词+by + 具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词+副词。(见 下降1.对于下降趋势的描述:
a.可以使用的动词或动词词组:to fall;to decrease;to go down;to slide;to collapse
to decline;to drop b.可以使用的名词:a collapse;a decrease;a fall;a decline;a drop 2.对于下降到某个位置的描述: a.1.a.中的动词+to+具体数据。
b.1.a.中的动词+to+the bottom of+具体数据。c.1.a.中的动词+reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d.1.a.中的动词+reaching + 具体数据。3.对于下降程度的描述:
a.1.a.中的动词+by + 具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词+副词。
对于平稳的趋势的描述,可以使用的动词或动词词组:
to hardly change;to have little change;to keep steady;to level off;to remain constant to stay the same 表示程度的副词:
1.程度较大:considerably;dramatically;greatly;markedly;obviously;quickly;rapidly Sharply;significantly;suddenly 2.程度较小:slightly;gradually;slowly;steadily 时间的嵌入
嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组:in;from……to……;between…….and…… during……and……;at the start of ……;by the end of ……;over ……;at the end of …… throughout …… 时间’s + 具体数据
上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后):
1.先上升后下降的句型:
......increased slowly during…… and …… but fell sharply in …….A steady fall in …… during …… and …… followed the sharp increase in …….2.先下降后上升的句型:
…… fell before …… began to make a recovery …… …… continue the recovery, climbing to ……
…… dropped during …… but increased again in …… …… fell and then pick up during ……
…… collapsed before rising to ……at the end of …… 3.起伏波动的句型:
…… fluctuated sharply all through …… 4.波动不大的句型:
…… hardly changed through the period between ……and ……
2.柱状图形的描述
转换为线形图形的描述
3.饼状图形的描述
对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型: …… % the …… is/has/have/are …… …… accounts for ……% of the total …… takes up ……% in the whole chart
4.趋势的比较
1.表示相似的句型(实例):
Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2.表示差异的句型(实例):
X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3.表示倍数的句型:
the …… doubled/tripled in …… compared with those in …… 4.客观比较的句型:
…… is …… in contrast to ……
5.数据的修饰
1.表示不足的词或词组:up to;below;under;almost;nearly 2.表示超过的词或词组:over;more than;just over 3.表示大约的词:about
国际商务中合同 Contract常用语及词汇 篇2
1.Know your email terms:英语电子邮件发送程序有很多的缩写,如果你不知道意思的话,你给老板要求加薪水的邮件就可能发给了整个办公室!
“Reply to all”表示你的邮件将发送给每一个收到原始邮件的人。在邮件的地址栏内,“cc”(carbon copy)部分是指邮件发给你指定的人,而“bcc”部分你可以悄悄的发送邮件而不让其他的人知道– b的意思是“blind”(掩藏的)。
如果有人要你“forward”一封邮件,他们意思是要你通过转发的功能发送邮件,有时侯简写成“fw.”
2.Use the Right Greeting:尽管用“Hey”作为写给朋友的电子邮件开场白没有任何问题,但是最好不要用这种方式来给一个潜在的商务伙伴这样写信。另一方面,使用 非常正式的传统开场白“Dear Sir” 也已经越来越过时了。最好是写“Dear Mr./ Ms.” 然后那个人的姓。如果你们一起工作的话,那就写他们的名字也没有关系。(例如“Dear John”)。
3.Keep it Short and Clear:其他种类的语言可能需要用精美的词汇和 复杂的句法来显示你的聪明才智和教育,而写英语邮件你只需用一种清晰且有条理的方式。在邮件的第一段清楚的表明你写信的目的并条理清晰,每一段都有中心 句。使用类似“first, second, next, and finally”的词引导读者你将表述一个新的观点。你不需在邮件中包括所有的详细内容。你可以用象“If you have any other questions please feel free to contact me,”这样的短语来结束邮件,这样一来让读者有更多的机会询问更多的信息。
4.Be polite and tactful:在你写邮件时尽量清晰的陈述所写的内容,到底是邮寄鞋子的费用折扣还是一次工作面试,最好不要用象 “I want.”的词表示要求,“I would like”显得更尊重对方,并且“I am interested in”是提出请求建议或寻求意见的好选择。
商务英语常用词汇 篇3
Commonly Used Terms (Update 1)
debt-to-equity swap
债转股
the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
港元的联系汇率制
bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
坏帐、呆帐、死帐
anti-dumping measures against ……
反倾销措施
deflation
通货紧缩
inflation
通货膨胀
quota-free products
非配额产品
investment in non-productive projects
非生产性投资
risk management/ assessment
风险管理/评估
venture capital
风险基金
loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
风险准备金
revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
搞活国有大中型企业
scale economy/ economies of scale
规模经济
state-owned cooperatives
国合企业(即国有合作社)
balance of international payments/ balance of payment
国际收支
disequilibrium of balance of payment
国际收支不平衡
public subsidies
国家补贴
state foreign exchange reserves
国家现汇结存
guide rational consumption
合理引导消费
seasonal price adjustments
季节性调价
established/accomplished facts
既成事实
scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development
技工贸结合的`科技型企业
labor-intensive enterprises
劳动密集性企业
unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费
millennium bug
千年问题、千年虫
technological updating of enterprises
企业技术改造
subsidies to cover enterprise losses
企业亏损补贴
grant the national treatment to
实行国民待遇
pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development
平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针
“bottleneck”restrictions
瓶颈制约
Business Terms (Update 3)
Trade Sanction
贸易制裁
Trade Reciprocity
贸易互惠
Multilateral Environmental Agreement
多边环境协议
Harmonization of Standards
标准统一
Investment Regime
投资管理体制
Action Plan
行动计划
Financial and Budgetary Provisions
财政及预算拨款
Efficient Allocation of Resources
资源有效配置
Financial Instrument
金融工具
Spin-off
脱离母公司的公司
Start-up
新成立的企业
Industry Consolidation
产业联合
Management Buyout
买断产权或管理权
Return on Investment
投资回报
Labor-intensive
劳动力密集型
Emerging Markets
新兴市场
Chain of Command
控制链
Quality Initiative
质量改进努力
Publicly Traded Companies
公开上市交易的公司
Tax Refund
商务英语口语常用词汇摘抄 篇4
1.certify vt.证明,(银行)担保(支票可付款)
certifying bank 支付保证银行
The accounts were certified (as) correct. 账目业经查核证明无误
2.chamber n.会议室
chamber of commerce 商会
chamber of commerce and industry 工商业联合会
chamber of shipping 航运协会
chamber of trade 零售业协会
3.charity n.慈善,公益机构
charity organization 慈善组织
charity sale 义卖
4.charter vt.租 n.特许;特许证,执照;租船赁,租赁
bare boat charter 无条件租船
berth charter 班轮条件租约
corporate charter 公司执照,公司注册证
daily charter 按日租船契约
5.chartered adj.受特许的
chartered bank 特许银行
chartered accountant 特许会计师
chartered agent 特许代理人
chartered trading company 特许贸易公司
6.chartering n.雇船,租用
chartering broker 租船经纪人
chartering agent 租船代理人
chartering market 租船市场
chartering order 租船委托书
7.checkout n.检查;结账,结账柜台
checkout counter 付账柜台
8.cheque n.支票
bearer cheque 不记名支票,来人支票
banker cheque 银行支票
cancelled cheque 注销/付讫支票
certified cheque 保付支票
9.chit n.小额欠款单据
chit-system 票据支付制度
chit book 回单簿
10.chronic adj.慢性的,延续很长的
chronic inflation 长期通货膨胀
chronic unemployment 长期失业
chronic trade deficit 长期贸易逆差
chronic stage 慢性期
11.circulation n.循环;发行额,流通,流通证券;货币
active circulation 实际流通
additional circulation 追加流通手段
commodity circulation 商品流通
compulsory circulation 强制流通
His book has been taken out of circulation.
他的书已经不发行了。
12.civil adj.市民的;文职的;有礼貌的`
civil rights 公民权
13.clause n.条款
abandonment clause 废弃条款,弃船条款,委付条款
acceleration clause 提前支付条款,加速条款
accessories clause (车辆)附件条款
additional clause to an agreement 合同附加条款
The clause in the contract is insusceptible of another interpretation.
合同中的条款是不能有其他解释的。
14.clearing n.交换票据;清算
exchange clearing 外汇清算
international clearing 国际清算
local clearings 同城票据交换
bank clearing 银行之间的划拨结算,银行票据交换
15.coefficient n.协同因素;系数;折算率
actual capital coefficient 实际资本系数
assurance coefficient 保险系数
capital coefficient 资本占有率
cost coefficient 价值系数
16.collapse n.& vi.倒塌;失败;跌价
the collapse of plans 计划失败
the collapse of the market 市场价格暴跌
Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.
交投数额不佳导致股票价格暴跌。
17.collateral adj.间接的 n.附属担保品,债务抵押品,抵押资产
additional collateral 追加担保品
fixed collateral 固定抵押品
import collateral 进口担保品
mixed collateral 混合抵押品
18.collective adj.集体的
collective agreement (劳资间的)集体协定
collective goods 集体财产
collective account 集合账户
collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判
memorative adj.纪念的
commemorative dividend 纪念性股息
mensurate adj.相称的,相当的
He was satisfied with the job commensurate with his abilities.
国际商务中合同 Contract常用语及词汇 篇5
我们对该合同大部分条款感到满意,但是你们的付款条款太刻苛
2.we would like to have another discussion of these conditions in the afternoon before there are finally included in the contract.
在合同最终签订之前,我们想在下午就这些条款进行其它的讨论
3. before signing the contract this afternoon, i think we better go over few final details.
在今天下午签订合同之前,我想们最好重温一下最后的细节
4.we’d better draw up a rough draft to the contract then talk it over in detail at our next meeting.
我们最好先就合同拟定一个草案,在下次会议中我们再确定细节
5.this is a copy of our specimen contract in which the general sales terms and conditions are contained.
这是我们一份包括一般销售条款和条件的合同样本
6.we hope that you won’t object to our inserting such a clause in the agreement.
我们希望你们不介意在协议中加入这一条款
7.if any other clause in this contract is in conflict with the supplementary conditions the supplementary conditions should be taken as final and binding.
若合同中任一条款与附加条款冲突,则附属条款为最终裁决并对双方有约束力
8.we think it is necessary to include a force majeure clause in this contract.
我们认为合同中加入不可抗力条款很有必要
9. after studying your draft contract we found it necessary to make a few changes.
研究过贵司起草的合同,我们发现有必要做一些修改
10.since both of us are in agreement on all the terms shall we sign the contract now?
既然我们双方均同意所有条款,那我们现在就签合同?
11.we think your draw contract needs some modification.
我们认为贵司起草的合同需做一些修改。
12.any modification alteration to the contract shall be made with the consent of both parties.
合同的任何更改变更均应得到双方许可才行
13.no changes can be made on this contract without mutual consent.
不经双方同意,合同不能做任何更改
14.we must make it clear in the contract that you are obliged to complete the delivery of the good within the contractual time of
shipment.
我们必须确认你方必须在合同装运期内完成货物装运
15.if the shipment can not be made within three month as stipulated, the contract will become void.
国际商务中合同 Contract常用语及词汇 篇6
第一类:“here”+介系词
第一类以“here”开头,后面再加上一个介系词的传统用字,在英文合约里经常可以看到,大概包括“hereunder”、“hereto”、 “hereby”、“hereof”、“herein”等等这几个字。依照作者的看法,这是比较容易处理的一类,因为只要读者记住一个简单的原则:「“here”+介系词 = 介系词+“this agreement”」,就几乎可以解读所有的第一类用语了。以下来详细看看这个原则的运用情形。(注意:“hereinafter”在定义条款中用来表示「以下简称……」的意思,虽然也用“here”为前缀,但与这里所说的传统用语无关,详见第贰编之伍「定义条款」。)
—— “hereunder” = “under this agreement”
“hereunder”用“under this agreement”代替后,就很清楚地可以了解是「在本合约内」、「依据本合约」的意思。常和这个字结合的概念有如下几个例子:
举例 解读后等于 中文翻译
obligations obligations under this 本合约内的
hereunder agreement 义务
rights granted rights granted under this 依本合约所
hereunder agreement 赋予的权利
payment due payment due under 依本合约应
hereunder this agreement 付的价款
notice required notice required to be 依本合约所
to be given given under this 应给予的通知
hereunder agreement
payment amount “due ”
“due ”是「债务到期」的意思,详见第贰编之柒「交易条件」
notice
—— “hereto” = “to this agreement”
因为英文文法里对介系词“to”有某些一定的用法(例如动词“attach”后面接受词时,就要用介系词“to”),所以这个字最常出现在英文合约里的状况,就是和「当事人」以及「附件」两个概念相结合:
举例: 解读后等于: 中文翻译:
both parties hereto both parties to this agreement 本合约之当事人双方
items specified in attachment & i hereto items specified in attachment i to this agreement 本合约之附件i所列之各项
& attachment
详见第2编之16「合约的附件」。
—— “hereby” = “by this agreement”
“hereby”中文大概可以说是「在此」、「依此」的意思,表示当事人借着这个合约,要宣示某种具有法律上效力的「意思表示」,例如保证、同意、放弃权利等等。
举例: 解读后等于: 中文翻译:
the company hereby covenants and warrants & that…… by this agreement the company covenants and warrants that…… 公司在此保证……
both parties hereby agree that…… by this agreement both parties agree that…… 双方当事人在此同意……
the seller hereby waives & the right of…… by this agreement the seller waives the right of…… 卖方在此放弃……的权利
& covenants and warrants
详见第贰编之捌「保证条款与承诺条款」。
& waive
详见第2编之15「杂项条款」中的「弃权解释限制条款」。
—— “hereof” = “of this agreement”; “herein” = “in this agreement”
“hereof” 和“herein”与前面介绍过的“hereunder”、“hereto”以及“hereby”比较起来,可能的用法与场合较广泛,所连接的概念也比较没有固定性,同时在很多情况下“hereof”和“herein”相互代换使用,意思上并不会有很大的差别。由于“of”和“in”是比较普通易懂的介系词,只要读者继续掌握前面一贯的原则,应该不会有什么理解上的困难。
举例: 解读后等于: 中文翻译:
to file a suit in the court agreed to& herein to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 向当事人于本合约中合意管辖的提起诉讼
to follow the terms and conditions & herein to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement 遵守本合约所规定的条件
to take effect on the date hereof to take effect on the date of this agreement 于本合约之日期生效
the headings of the sections hereof the headings of the sections of this agreement 本合约各条款之标题
& the court agreed to
详见第贰编之拾伍「杂项条款」中的「合意管辖」条款。
& terms and conditions
详见第2编之7「交易条件」。
第二类:“thereof, thereto……”与“the same”
以“there”为前缀再加上介系词,例如“thereof”、“thereto”等用语,以及“the same”这一类的用语比较不容易处理,因为上面介绍的原则无法直接套用,而必须靠读者自己依照合约的上下文来判断。我们来看看下面两个例子:
例一: no change in or modification of this agreement shall be valid unless the same is made in writing. (本约之修改需以书面为之,始生效力。)
例二: this agreement is written in the english language. in case of any discrepancy between the english version and any translation thereof, the english text shall govern. (本约以英文订定,与其它语言之翻译版本解释上生差异者,以英文为主。)
读者从上下文应该可以推敲出来,例一里的“the same”指的是「合约的修改」,也就是前面的“change in or modification of this agreement”这些字句,合约撰写人为了避免文句重复造成阅读负担与篇幅冗长,于是就简单用“the same”两个字来代替。(换句话说,如果不用“the same”的方法,整句话应该是:“no change in or modification of this agreement shall be valid unless the change in or modification of this agreement is made in writing.”)
至于例二里的“thereof”,也可以从上下文看出来是代替 “of the english version” 这几个字。这和第一类的“hereof”其实有类似的解读方法,但是“hereof”的“here”通常都可以用“this agreement”来代替,但是 “thereof” 的 “there” 要用什么代替,就没有一定的规则了,在例二“there”代替的是“the english version”,在别的地方却又代替其它的概念,这就是第二类用语为什么较第一类来得困难的原因了。
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