虚拟语气学习心得

虚拟语气学习心得（通用6篇）

虚拟语气学习心得 篇1

虚拟语气难点分类总结

首先要确认是非真实的主观愿望后遐想，才是虚拟语气

一、什么情况从句必须用 sb.Should do 的形式

1）should不可以省略的情况：for fear that ,in case that ,lest引导的目的状语。

Eg:

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。

2）should可以省略的情况。有两种

第一种：表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary.important.impossible.natural.strange.surprising.funny.right.wrong.better.a pity等。

句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型.Eg：

第二种：

1、一想要(desire)

二宁愿(prefer)

三命令(order.command)

四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中。无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如 He suggested that we(should)take the teacher’s advice

He insisted that we(should)take the teacher’s advice

He demand that we(should)take the teacher’s advice

He ordered that we(should)take the teacher’s advice。

二、在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。If I were you, I would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases.三、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句，一定都是过去式形态。(if only和as if/as though引导的让步状语从句，结构与之相同）a、与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时

eg.I wish I had your brains.(事实：我根本比不上你)

b、与过去事实相反，谓语动词过去完成时

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.（事实：原来不知道）

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词过去将来时 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形

eg.I wish I should have a chance again.（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）。

四、从句只接的过去时、过去完成时的情况。

①、would rather 从句谓语动词：过去时（对应现在、将来）、过去完成时（对应过去）

I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I’d rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。

We’d rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿

②、It is time that 从句：过去时。即从句用虚拟过去式。

如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。

补充：而It is hignt time that从句：表示：“早该做某事了”，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is high time that + 主语+ should + 动词原形，It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。

含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without„., but for„.等

But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

五、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构比较特殊。① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：

We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。

② may +完成式(指过去)，主句结构不限。如：

You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲

We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。

六、两种特殊条件句需注意。

①、含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without„., but for„.等

would +动词原形(指现在或将来)、现在完成式(指过去)。Eg： 1）But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

2)Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

②、错综条件句。1）从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。2）从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。

本文参考：虚拟语气讲解及练习题。

虚拟语气学习心得 篇2

一、与“建议、命令、愿望、要求、必要”等沾边的虚拟语气

这是最简单的一种虚拟语气,形式和意义都很简单,便于掌握。无论是什么类型的从句,只要是和“建议、命令、愿望、要求、必要”等沾边,表示一种主观的看法,其谓语动词即为“(should) + 动词原形”,不管主句动词谓语采用什么时态(“不一致”原则)。切记的是,此处的should要么省略,要么为should, 不能为其它的情态动词。如:

It is suggested that we (should) set off in advance of the original plan. (主语从句)

It is suggestive that we (should) set off in advance of the original plan.(主语从句)

There is a suggestion that we (should) set off in advance of the original plan. (定语从句)

They suggested that we (should) set off in advance of the original plan. 有人建议我们应该比计划早点儿出发。 (宾语从句)

还有一类以lest, in case, for fear that 等表示“以防、生怕、唯恐”的短语引导的副词从句其实也是表示一种主观看法,也可以归为此类,即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省略。如:

We lay awake at night worrying, lest the ewes should lie on their lambs. 我们一夜未眠,担心母羊压了羊羔。

二、条件句类型的虚拟语气

我们将这种虚拟语气作为一个典型代表,可以拆分组合衍生出很多变体,所以是虚拟语气的重点、难点内容。

1. 条件句虚拟语气的基本表达形式:

表中记忆规律可以归纳如下:主句与从句时态不一致。具体来说,从句时态比主句时态向过去方向退一个时态 (可以将将来时和现在时放在一起记忆)。见图:

例如:假设主句是现在时态,那从句就向过去方向退一个时态,为一般过去时态;以此类推,主句若为过去时态,从句则退为过去完成时态。

If I were you, I would never be involved in the quarrel between husband and wife. 如果我是您,我绝不会介入到两口子的争吵当中。 (主句对现在虚拟)

2. 基本形式的各种变体:

A. 主句与从句动作发生的时间不一致,即为错综时间条件句的虚拟。此时可以参照表格进行搭配组合,根据要求选择主句与从句不同的发生时间段的表达。如:

If you had taken my advice last year, you would succeed in passing the exam now. 你去年如果听了我的建议,现在你已经考试成功了。 (过去—现在)

从句为过去(last year), 故而在过去栏选择过去的过去,即过去完成时;主句为现在时态(now), 即为would + 动词原形。更多的例子可以说明这一用法:

If you did not make a decision this moment, you might suffer in the future.如果你现在不做决定,将来你会受苦的。(现在—将来)

If Marry should arrive today, she would have started two days ago. 要是玛丽今天到的话,那她应该两天前就出发了。(将来—过去)

B. 主句退化为一些固定化表达,如:I wish (suppose) …、would rather (sooner)…、it is high time that…句型等,甚至是消失而只保留有从句,if only…、 would that…,后需接虚拟语气,从句应视不同时态动词选用表格中从句栏的表达。

主句为固定句式:

I had not spoken to you in that

way last night. 我真希望昨晚不是

用那种态度和你说话的。(过去)

I were a piece of cloud flying

freely in the sky. 我希望我是一朵

能自由在天空飞翔的白云。(现在)

You would consent to marry me.

我希望你能答应嫁给我。(将来)

He would rather that her girl friend came to visit him tomorrow.他宁愿女朋友明天来看他。(将来)

It is high time that some effective measures were taken to prevent this trend now. 当务之急确实是该采取些措施来阻止这种趋势蔓延了。(现在)

主句消失:

If only she had known where to find you at that moment. 要是当时她知道在哪儿能找到你(就好了)。(过去)

Would that I were young again.我要是你该有多好啊!(现在)

由这些例句可以看出,从句中的谓语动词完全与表格中从句的变化规律相一致。

C. 从句退化为一些固定的表达,用介词(短语)、动词不定式、动名词短语、或者干脆借助于上下文等表示虚拟,如:without, with, but for, given that, otherwise, but that, on condition, supposing等等。主句中的谓语动词形式则要参照表格中主句的谓语动词变化形式。例如:

条件从句为固定表达:

But for Gordon, we would have lost the match.要不是戈登,我们肯定会输了比赛的。 (过去)

Given more time, we would do it better.若时间再多一点的话,我们会做得更好。 (现在)

A gentleman wouldn’t have said so. (= if he had been a gentleman.)他如果是个绅士,就不会这么说了。(过去)

条件从句消失(含蓄条件句虚拟):

I would do anything for her. (if I could.)(如果可以),我会为她做任何事情!(现在)

You might have died. (if you had taken that bus.)(如果你当初乘了那辆车),你可能已经死了。 (过去)

囿于篇幅,这样的例子不再枚举。从现有这些例子来看,我们不难总结出学习“虚拟语气”的几记“实招”:

1.虚拟语气在意义上把动作当作一种讲话人想像中的“推测”或“假设”,而非真实事件。依据是主句动词施动者的主观看法(与“建议、命令、愿望、要求、必要”等沾边的虚拟语气),或者是条件的真实与否(条件句类型的虚拟语气)。

2.虚拟语气在形式上是动词的特殊表达形式,可以用主句动词与从句动词时态“不一致”来概括。依据是时态变化,体现为两类:一类是表示“命令、建议、愿望”型,任它什么时态,形式为“should + 动词原形”,should可以省略。一类是条件型,任它怎么变,以基本表格为原形。

虚拟语气的用法 篇3

1.表示祝愿 a. Long live our country. b. May you succeed. c. May you be happy all your life.

2.表示命令 a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为“真实条件句”)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better. b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon. c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning. e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式 a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.

c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有“出乎意料之外”之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形 a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.

b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首 a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.

b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to). b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).

c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊) d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.

b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句

a. What would you do with a million dollars? b. Without/But for music, the world would be a dull place.

c. We could have done better with more money. d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.

e. He must have been very busy, or he could not have won the game.

f. I’m really very busy, otherwise, I would certainly take you to visit the zoo.

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England. b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

**as if 从句也可表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气 a. It looks as if it is going to rain.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 “It is / was + adj. + that从句”中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况

a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left. b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.

c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. I wish I knew the result of the match now. b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.

c. I wish I could help you. d. I wish I were young.

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night. b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

a. I wish the prices would come down. b. I wish you would help me.

c. I wish he would be more careful. d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.

2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), propose, demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用“( should )+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式

a. I suggested that we should go there at once. b. I demand that he should answer me at once.

c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks. d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.

与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句等)中的谓语也用 “( should ) +动词原形”

a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.

b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.

c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map. d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.

e. What do you think of their proposal that we should all speak English at the meeting?

f. It is requested that she should sing a song at the birthday party.

**注意，含上述动词的简单句不用虚拟语气

a. The officer ordered his men to start before daybreak. b. The salesman suggested us /our trying another shop.

**注意，suggest解释“表明、暗示”、insist解释“坚持说、硬要说”，则不用虚拟。

a. The man’s expression suggested that he was very sad. ` b. Tony suggested that he had not broken the vase.

八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is (high) time that…(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式

a. It is time we got up.

九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示“但愿…”, “要是…就好了”, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同

a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)

b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)

c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)

十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式

a. I would rather he came next Saturday. b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.

强化训练：虚拟语气 篇4

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost

C. might lose D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact

C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted

10. ____________he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. hadn’t contacted

13. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be

C. there was D. there having been

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的)l.

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone

C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. “I wish you___________ me to put these things away,” he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help

26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn’t expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me

28.George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.

A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

39.Without electronic computers, much of today’s ___________advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

46. I hadn’t expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I’d rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak

51. It’s high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we___________ the class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start

54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.

A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay

C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited

64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

答案与详解

1.A.条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。

2.B.条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。

3.A.条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。

4.B.条件句表示与未来事实的相反。

5.C.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。

6.D.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。

7.B.这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选(B)would have lost为正确答案。

8.(D)这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有(D)是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。

9.(D)until recently，因此(D)是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。

10.(B)假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。

11.(C)题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是(C)。

12.D.注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。

13.A.从句对过去的虚拟。

14.B.从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。

17.(D)本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。

18.(B)此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除(A)，因为(A)是现在时。(C)中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。(D)选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。(B)had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。

19.(A)该句也是一个复杂条件句(或称作混合虚拟条件句)。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是(A)。

20.(A)as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式(be动词用were)或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故(A)是正确答案。

21.D. 22.D. 23.C. 24.A. 25.D.

26.(B)had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。

27.(B)had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。

28.(C)表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。(B)，(D)的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以(C)是正确答案。

29.(A)suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should(可以省略)+动词原形。

30.A.表示与现在相反的虚拟。

31.A.as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

32.D.felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

33.D.as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。

34.A.as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

35.C.

36.(D)would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。

37.(C)who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。

38.(B)

39.(C)这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。

40.(D)连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。

41.(B)It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

42.(C)

43.(C)otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。

44.(B)所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故(B)是正确答案。

45.(A)这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在(now)的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。

46.C. 47.C. 48.C.

49.B.would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。

50.D.would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式.

51.B. 52.B. 53.B. 54.B.

55.C.注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。

56.C.同上。

57.A.注意词组for fear that

58.A.注意without

虚拟语气倒装的用法 篇5

Were I Tom，I would refuse.

如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

Should it be necessary，I would go.

假若有必要，我会去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time.

若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

Should he agree to go there，we would send him there.

要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。

Were she here，she would agree with us.

虚拟语气用法透视 篇6

1. 与事实相反的假设；

2. 不能实现或实现的可能性极小的主观愿望；

3. 非事实的建议或猜测。

虚拟语气常用在：

1. 含虚拟条件句的复合句中；

2. 名词性从句中；

3. 一些固定的句型中。

学习虚拟语气要注意以下几个方面：

一、 理解虚拟语气的实质，分清虚拟句和真实句。

例1—We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

—Yes. A taxi_________ at all necessary.

A. wasn'tB. hadn't been

C. wouldn't beD. won't be

解析： 第一句前半句为虚拟语气句，后半句是陈述句；第二句是表事实的陈述语气句子，根据上文考虑时间，应是对过去的陈述，故答案为A。此题把虚拟现象和客观事实错综交织在一起。

例2We would go to the park, but we _______busy with our lessons.

A.wereB. had been

C. areD. had

解析： 前面部分是虚拟语气的主句，省略了条件状语从句if we had time, but后面部分是真实句，由前面虚拟语气动词would go结构可推断出后文是对现在事实的陈述，用一般现在时，答案为C。

二、 熟记虚拟主从句中不同时间的动词形式。见下表：

虚拟语气的谓语动词有它自己的表现形式，而且规范。 解题时，可应用此表，根据上下文所提供的信息，对号入座。

例3—Lucy lost her way in the street.

—If she__________a map with her, that wouldn't have happened.

A. tookB. had taken

C. would takeD. have taken

解析： 从上文的陈述句中可知下文是表示与过去事实相反的假设。A项took是过去式，用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟，排除A项；C项可用在主句中表示现在或将来的虚拟，但C、D项都不能用在条件句中表虚拟。答案为B。如果熟记上表，便可直接选B。

注意： 虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句包含有一个助动词、情态动词、be或have，可把 if 省略，再用部分倒装。

例4_________for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

A. If it is not

B. Were it not

C. Had it not been

D. If they have not

解析： 从句意可知这是it is (not ) for 句式，D项不符合题意，排除D项。由主句中的would not have gone 可推断，这是与过去事实相反的假设，选C。条件从句可还原成If it had not been for ...。

三、掌握几个常用虚拟语气的句型。

句型1： 动词 一“坚持”insist,二“命令”order、command，三“建议”suggest、propose、advise，四“要求”desire、demand、ask、request及其派生的同根名词在名词性从句中的应用。见下表：

例5 My suggestion is that the meeting __________till tomorrow.

A. to put offB. be put off

C. should put offD. be putting off

解析：that 引导的是表语从句，因前面是名词suggestion，故答案选B。

注意： 1.这几个句型都表示说话者主观的意见“该 （不该 ）如此”，而不是陈述事实。共同特点是：主句谓语动词不管是什么时态、人称和数，都用should+动词原形。should 可省略， 但不能用其他助动词（如would、could等 ）。

2. 当suggest 作“表明，暗示”和insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”，且后接宾语从句表示既成事实时，宾语从句中谓语动词都不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。

例6The teacher insisted that Tom _________a mistake and that he __________criticized.

A. had made； be 

B. makes； must be

C. made； should

D. should make； be

解析：此句中insisted 后接两个宾语从句，前一个宾语从句表示的是既成事实，用陈述语气，后一个宾语从句表示说话人主观的意见“应当受批评”，是虚拟语气，答案为A。

句型2： It is (was) + important／necessary／strange／natural／possible／a pity + that主语从句，其中的主语从句用（should）+动词原形。

例7—What do you think of it?

— We think it is a thing of importance that it___________done soon.

A. isB. is to be

C. beD. must be

句中be ofimportance=be important，故 that 引导的主语从句用虚拟语气（should）be ，答案选C。

注意： 句型2中也可使用陈述语气，但是不像例句7那样带有感情色彩。

句型3： wish／as if／as though／if only／would rather 的虚拟形式。见下表：

例8 If only he ________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. 

A. liesB. lay

C. had lainD. should lie

例9 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it___________.

A. breaksB. has broken

C. were brokenD. had been broken

答案： 8. C 9. C

例10—She wouldn't drink her medicine last night, would she?

—.____________.

A. No,but I wish she wouldn't 

B. No, but I wish she had

C. No, but I wish she did

D.No, but I wish she drank

解析：上文是陈述语气，句中wouldn't 表示“不情愿”。答案为 B 。意思是“我希望她昨晚把药服了才好”。

注意： as if／as though 表示“有可能实现的愿望”或事实时，不用虚拟语气。例如： He looks as if he is from England.

句型4： It is／was (high) time that +定语从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或过去完成式。

例11 It's time I_________ and_________ my little girl from school.

A. had gone； picked up

B. went； picked up

C. will go； pick up

D. go； pick up

答案： B。

四、 注意虚拟语气在日常交际（语境）中的灵活应用。

1. 含蓄条件句：即通过某些特定的短语或上下文含蓄地表达虚拟条件的句子。

例12 I didn't know the size you wore, or else I________ you some shoes.

A. would have boughtB. would buy

C. have boughtD. should have bought

解析：短语or else 隐含条件if I had known the size you wore之意，故选A。

2. 时间错综句：从句与上、下文所表示的时间不一致，那么主、从句的谓语动词要分别根据各自表示的时间来确定它的虚拟语气形式。

例13 Ifhe had followed the doctor's advice, he would be quite all right now.

解析：根据句中前部分谓语动词had followed 可知句中前部分是表示对过去的假设，而后面部分是表示与现在事实相反的结果。

练习题

1.—He has just come out of the hospital.

—No wonder he looked as if he _______ill for a long time.

A. wasB. were

C. has beenD. had been

2. But for his friends, he________ of hunger 30 years ago.

A. diedB. would die

C. must have diedD. would have died

3. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he_________ everything.

A. knewB. knows

C. has knownD. had known

4. He______ the job well, but he so careless.

A. hadn't done； had been

B. could have done； was

C. could do； was

D. had done； had been

5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ________your advice. 

A. followB. would follow

C. had followedD. have followed 

6. It is time that the government________measures to protect the rare birds and animals. 

A. takesB. took

C. has takenD. taking 

7. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students________three more days to prepare for the exam.A. give

B. should give

C. be givenD. would be given

8. Under more favorable conditions, we________ better.

A. need have done

B. should do

C. could have done

D. might be doing 