被动语态复习要点

被动语态复习要点（精选8篇）

被动语态复习要点 篇1

作者：呼振璞

语态是动词的一种形式。主动语态表示主语执行动作，被动语态表示主语承受动作。

一、被动语态的结构形式

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。在接下来的几个单元里，我们将陆续学到以下几种形式的被动语态：

1. 一般现在时被动结构：are / is / am +done (done为及物动词的过去分词)。如：

Football is played all over the world. 足球运动全世界都盛行。

2. 一般过去时被动结构：was / were + done。 如：

His leg was broken yesterday. 他的腿昨天骨折了。

3. 一般将来时被动结构：shall / will be +done或be going to be + done。如：

More factories will be built in our hometown. 我们家乡将建更多的工厂。

Japanese is not going to be taught this term. 本学期不准备开设日语课。

4. 现在进行时被动结构：am /is /are + being + done。如：

My shoes are being mended. 我的鞋正在修。

5. 现在完成时被动结构：have /has been + done。如：

The work has been finished. 工作已完成了。

6. 含情态动词的被动语态：“情态动词 + be + done ”，其中be不再有人称和数的变化。如：

The work must be finished today. 这工作今天必须完成。

It can be done in a minute. 这事马上可以做。

二、被动语态适用的情况

被动语态归纳起来大体适用于以下四种情况：

1.当我们不知道动作的执行者时; 2.我们不必提出动作的执行者时;3. 我们要强调动作的承受者时;4. 出于行文的需要。如：

(1) This bridge was built last year.

(2) I was born in 1957.

(3) She is liked by everyone.

(4) Tom was sent to the school by his parents when he was nine.

三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法

1.变换结构图：

2. 变换步骤：

先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，再将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语，主动句的主语变成被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可略去“by+宾”);主动句的谓语动词要变成“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变;变化时还得注意“数”(助动词要与新的主语保持“数”的一致)和“格”(若主语和宾语是人称代词，“宾作主”时宾格要变成主格，“主作宾”时主格要变成宾格);时间状语、地点状语等其余部分可重现于被动句中。 如：

We plant trees every year. →

Trees are planted every year by us.

有些及物动词(其主语大都是物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。通常有以下几种情况：

1. look， smell， sound， feel， taste等作连系动词用时。如：

棉花摸上去很柔软。

误：Cotton is felt soft.

正：Cotton feels soft.

这话听上去很有道理。

误：That is sounded reasonable.

正：That sounds reasonable.

2. write， read， sell， wash， open， lock等动词被副词加以修饰，表达效果和程度时。如：

This pen writes well. 这支笔很好用。

The poem reads smoothly. 这首诗读起来很流畅。

3. 动词need， want等接动名词作宾语时。如：

His shoes need mending. 他的鞋需要修补。

4. easy， hard， cheap， important， difficult， nice等形容词作表语，后接不定式，且句子的主语在逻辑上是不定式的宾语时。如：

The question is hard to answer. 这问题很难回答。

被动语态复习要点 篇2

1. 什么是被动语态?什么时候需要用被动语态?

被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者, 而主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的发出者。被动语态往往不强调动作的发出者, 或不必说出动作的主体。如果强调动作的主体, 则用by+名词 (或代词宾格) 。如:

We speak Chinese.

(we是主语, 是谓语动词speak的动作发出者;Chinese是宾语, 是谓语动词speak的动作承受者)

Chinese is spoken by us.

(Chinese是主语, 是谓语动词speak的动作承受者;us是宾语, 是谓语动词speak的动作发出者)

另外, 当不知道动作的发出者或无须指出发出者时, 也经常使用被动语态。如:

The window was broken last night.

This book is written in ancient Chinese.

2. 被动语态的构成方式为:be+过去分词。以动词do为例, 被动语态构成如下:

例如:

The house with furniture was bought for$50, 000 last year.这栋带有家具的房子是以5万美元的价格买下的。

The project to clear up the polluted river will have been completed by the end of next year.清理这条被污染河流的工程将在明年年底完成。

As a rule, readers are not allowed to take dictionaries out of the reading room.按规定, 读者不允许把字典带出阅览室。

Before the fl ight takes off, all passengers are asked to fasten their seat belts.在飞机起飞前, 要求所有的乘客都系好安全带。

It is known to everyone that no smoking is permitted in the library.众所周知, 图书馆内不允许抽烟。

By the end of last year, nearly a million cars had been produced in that auto factory.到去年底, 那家汽车工厂已经生产出近100万辆小汽车。

The villagers told us that two new bridges would be built across the river in a year.村民们告诉我们一年后在这条河上将建两座新桥。

Three new buildings will have been built on the campus by the end of this year.到今年年底, 校园内将建起三座大楼。

3. 情态动词的被动语态

情态动词的被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式:情态动词+be+过去分词。完成是式为:情态动词+have been+过去分词。

The new machine ought to be tested before it is put into use.这台新机器应该在投入使用前进行测试

The noise was so loud that it could be heard from far away噪音很大, 在很远处都能听到。

The cause of the accident may never be discovered in spite of the effort of the police.尽管警察努力侦查, 但事故的起因可能永远也不会被发现。

The teaching building was not very old.It ought not to have been knocked down.这栋教学楼不算破旧, 它本不应该被拆毁。

4. 短语的被动结构

及物动词构成的短语动词总是及物性的, 所以可以用于被动语态 (不可省掉或漏掉介词或副词) 。不及物动词构成的短语可以是及物性的, 但是, 不及物性的短语动词不可以用于被动语态, 如come to (涉及) 、Belong to、give way to (让位于) 、have on (穿上) 、agree with、keep up with、get back、break out、take place、happen、appear/disappear等。

The dictionaries are taken good care of.这些词典得到很好的保管。

5. 双宾语动词的被动结构

带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态有两种情况:直接宾语做主语, 或间接宾语做主语。如果主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 这时在间接宾语前可用介词to或for。如:

The children are always told a story before they go to bed.

A story is always told to the children before they go to bed.总是在孩子们上床睡觉前给他们讲故事。

A marvelous dinner was cooked for us by Mary.

We were cooked a marvelous dinner by Mary.玛丽为我们做了一顿非常出色的饭菜。

6. 复合宾语的被动结构

More and more trucks are seen to run between these two towns these days.现如今, 人们看见越来越多的卡车穿行于两个城镇之间。

Joe’s father was seen to return after dark.天黑后才看到乔的父亲回家。

7.宾语从句的被动结构

带有宾语从句的句子变为被动语态时, 需要把宾语从句变为用that或whether引导的主语从句, 通常用形式主语it。

In ancient times people believed that the mind was based in the heart/It was believed in ancient times that the mind was based in the heart.

在古代人们认为思维源于心脏。

Nobody knew whether there was gold in the mine/It was not known whether there was gold in the mine.

人们不知道矿井里是否有金子。

8.一些动词+介词是固定搭配, 被动语态句式中不用介词by。如:

The bottle is fi lled with oil.瓶子里装满油。

The doctor is known to everyone in the town.城里人都知道这位医生。

The paper is made from wood.这纸是用木头制成的。

We were caught in the heavy rain.我们被大雨浇了。

9. get+done构成被动语态

这样的词组有:get wounded受伤, get paid (被) 付给了工资, get burnt被烧焦等。

We got paid for the job.我们得到了工钱。

1 0. 主动语态表示被动的情况

(1) 有些动词的进行时也可以表示被动意义, 常见的这类词有:bake、owe、cook、print、do等。

The English-Chinese dictionary is reprinting already.这本英汉词典又在重印了。

(2) 某些感官动词或系动词构成的系表结构可以表示被动含义, 如look、smell、taste、feel、prove、wear、sound等。

As the proverb says, “Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.”正如俗话所说, “良药苦口”。

(3) 某些动词后加副词 (有些可不加副词) 也可以表示被动意义, 如wash、write、sell、lock、shut、clean、read、open、cut、pack、play、strike、record、act、draw、iron、keep等。

In this department store this type of color television sells well.这种彩电在这家百货商店销路很好。

(4) want、deserve、need、require、stand和worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。

(5) 不定式做表语 (或宾补) 形容词的状语, 又与句子中的主语 (或宾语) 有逻辑上的动宾关系时, 虽然不定式有被动意义, 但要用主动形式。

I fi nd this task rather diffi cult to fi nish.我发现很难完成这项任务。

That problem is easy to explain as far as I know.据我所知, 那个问题很容易解释。

(6) 不定式做定语, 如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语, 且谓语动词是have、want等时, 用主动语态, 而不用被动语态。

I’ve got something important to talk with you.我有一些重要的事要和你谈。

(7) 有些短语动词如consist of、fi nd an application、come into use、serve as、run out等的主动语态表示被动意义。

A university consists of teachers, administrators and students.大学是由教师, 管理人员和学生组成的。

参考文献

[1]韩纪娴, 张燕.海淀大归纳:初中英语[M].黑龙江朝鲜民族出版社, 2003:119-121.

[2]任福洪.B级考试专项训练综合指导一本通[M].大连理工大学出版社有限公司, 2006:27-29.

被动语态要点透析 篇3

一、掌握各种时态的被动语态

动词的被动语态是由动词be加上过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

1．—G308_______________. I must be off now.

—Have a nice trip.

A. is being announced B. has announced C. was announcingD. had been announced

解析根据“I must be off now”以及句意，表明G308高铁正在宣布，announce与G308之间表示动宾关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案选A。

2．Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins ______________ in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.

A. were found B. has been found C. had been found D. have been found

解析此句是由since引导的时间状语，主句通常要用现在完成时态，又因为find和nothing之间构成动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故答案选B。

二、注意短语动词的被动语态

有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是一个不可分隔的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词中的介词或副词。

More attention should be paid_____________ Children’s education if possible.

A. to developingB. to developmentC. to develop D. for developing

解析pay attention to是及物的短语动词，本句强调名词attention，所以应用被动语态。to是介词，后应接动名词。故答案选A。

【注意】这类短语动词主要有：make use of; pay attention to; find fault with; make much of（重视，充分利用; take advantage of; take care of; take note of（注意，留意）; take notice of等。

三、“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态

这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常表示“状态的改变”。

Had it not been for the fact that she______________ in the leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. injures B. had injured C. got injuredD. would have got injured

解析根据“she might have passed the exam”提示可知事情发生在过去，且是事实，所以用一般过去时；“get+及物动词的过去分词”这一结构常表示“状态的改变”。故答案选C。

四、用主动形式表示被动意义

1．表示状态特征的系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear常接形容词或名词作表语，只能用主动形式表示被动的含义。

The cause he had devoted himself to_____________ a perfect success

A. proving B. proved C. was provedD. has been proved

解析根据句法，“he had devoted himself to”是个定语从句，修饰前面的名词cause，所以prove应在句中用作谓语动词；prove是系动词，只能用主动形式表示被动的含义。故答案选B。

2．表示主语的某种属性特征的动词（如：read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, pack, act, draw, iron, dry, eat , heat , clean等）常与副词well, smoothly, easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”和“特点”，应用主动形式表示被动的含义。

Mobile phones of this kind_______________ well and ______________ already.

A. sell; sell outB. sell; have been sold out

C. sold; had sold outD. are sold; have been sold out

解析这种手机很好卖是说明主语内在的性能与特点，所以用主动形式表示被动含义；而句子的主语是Mobile phones，谓语动词应用复数形式。正因为这种手机很好卖，对现在产生了结果，已经卖完了，所以第二空用现在完成时的被动语态。故答案选B。

3．need, want, require, stand, bear, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式表示被动意义。

As a result of the serious earthquake, almost all the buildings in the area _____

A. need reconstructing B. needs to reconstruct C. needs reconstructingD. need to reconstruct

解析当句子的主语buildings是动作承受者时，need后接动词-ing形式或者后接不定式的被动式。主语是almost all the buildings，所以谓语动词应用复数形式。故答案选A。

4．动词不定式在某些作表语的形容词后，用主动形式表示被动含义。

当动词不定式作表语形容词（easy, difficult, hard , comfortable等）的状语，又与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _______.

A. to deal withB. dealing withC. to be dealt withD. dealt with

解析在某些形容词后常用不定式的主动形式表被动含义，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。故答案选A。

5．当动词不定式作宾语补足语的形容词（easy, difficult, hard等）的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

We find the man hard to_______________.

A. to be pleased B. pleasing C. pleased D. please

解析当动词不定式作宾语补足语的形容词hard的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。故答案选D。

6．不定式作名词或代词的后置定语, 动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义

If there’s a lot of work_____________. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.

A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing

解析用不定式表示将要做的事情，并且在there be句型中，如果be 后面的sth.要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动含义，故答案选A。

7．在be worth doing结构中，用-ing分词形式表示被动含义

—What do you think of the song?

—Oh, excellent. It’s well worth______________ a second time.

A. to listen toB. listeningC. listening toD. being listening to

解析be worth后接动名词，并要用主动形式表示被动含义，it指代the song，作listen to的逻辑宾语。故答案选C。

8．不能用被动语态的动词及动词短语。如：cost, fit, suit, benefit, lack, happen to do sth, lastspread, belong to, break out, run out, go out, shut off, take place, work out, take place, lose heart, consist of。

We find the oil in the car_____________.

A. has been run outB. is run out C. has run outD. being run out

解析run out是不及物动词，所以用主动形式表示被动含义；表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，所以本句又要用现在完成时。故答案选C。

9．不定式to let, to seek, to blame (应受责备), to decide on用主动形式表示被动含义。

The greenhouse effect was partly_____________ for the global warming and the temperature changes are likely to have great effect on the spread of diseases.

A. to blame B. blame C. to be blamed D. blaming

解析“be to blame”表示按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，意为“应受谴责、应负责任”， 用主动形式表示被动含义。故答案选A。

巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。

1．The 30th Olympic Games__________ in London from July 27 to August 12, 2012.

A. will be heldB. will be holdingC. are to held D. will hold

2．Many new workers ___trained and in half a year they _to build a new railway.

A. are being; will be sentB. are; will be sendingC. are; will send D. will be; will be sent

3．Not until he called the secretary three times_____________ that the manager went to an important meeting.

A. did he tell B. he toldC. was he toldD. he was told

4．The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) said a system___________to protect people's secrets on line.

A. would be developedB. has been developed C. was developedD. had been developed

5．I _______________ a book on fashion at the moment, and it_______ _______in the book that Europeans started to wear top hats in the early 1800s

A. read; is said B. am reading; is saying C. was reading; was saying D. am reading; says

6．It is reported in the papers that the old coins________________ under the earth for about 200 years by the time they were discovered.

A. had buried B. had been buried C. buried D. were buried

7．New technology_______________ to make sure that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use______________ the air.

A. is used; not polluteB. has used; is not polluted

C. is being used; do not polluteD. has been used; to pollute

8．With the help of high technology, more than one oil fields_____________ in the last two decades.

A. were discovered B. have discoveredC. have been discoveredD. has been discovered

9．Many negative changes__________ in my home town since the global financial crisis_________.

A. have taken place; broke out B. took place; broke out

C. have been taken place; breaks outD. were taken place; breaks out

10．The fallen tree over there is so tall that I suppose it___________ nearly twenty meters.

A. measuresB. is measuredC. measure D. to be measured

被动语态复习要点 篇4

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。

常见的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而

一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了

但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬间动词join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小时了。

1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。

They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。

I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。

He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主动和被动

一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已经派人请大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.时间一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。

He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。

二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化

She got married last week.她上周结婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上摔下来，摔死了。

三、主动形式表被动意义 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示开始、结束、运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词

read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink

这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。The door won’t lock.这门锁不上。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好。

This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的书没有销路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。This lock won’t catch.这锁锁不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不着。

The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.这录音机不转。The engine won’t start.引擎发动不起来。This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。

The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。

5．介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前不用冠词。under control(受控制)

under treatment(在治疗中)

under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在讨论中)

under construction(在施工中)

beyond belief(令人难以置信)for sale(出售)

in print(在印刷中)

in sight(在视野范围内)on sale(出售)

on show(展出)

on trial(受审)

out of control(控制不了)

out of sight(超出视线之外)

out of one’s reach(够不着)

The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6． 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

寒假--被动语态 篇5

The children are looked after well.

孩子被照顾得很好。

the children和look after是被动关系。

The woman looks after the children.

这位妇女照看这些孩子。(主语是look after的执行者)

通常只有及物动词才有被动语，但不及物动词加上介词后也可以有被动语态，但介词不可以省去。今天主要复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、正在进行时和过去进行及情态动词的被动语态，动词的被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态改变。

一. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态

动词由is/ am/ are+动词的过去分词构成。is, am, are随人称改变。例：

Rice is grown in the south of China.

中国的南方种水稻。

I am often told to be careful by my mother.

我经常被妈妈告诉要小心。

Trees are planted every spring.

树每年春天植。

2. 一般过去时的被动语态，动词由was/ were+过去分词构成。例：

The boy was hit by a car yesterday.

这个男孩昨天被车撞了。

The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.

这些椅子昨天上午修好了。

3. 一般将来时的被动语态，动词由will/ shall+be+过去分词构成，或者由be going to be done构成。例：

A new school will be built here next year.

一所新的学校明年将在这里建成。

The roads are going to be widened soon.

路很快就会被加宽。

4. 现在完成时的被动语态，由have/ has been+过去分词构成。例：

The sick man has been taken to the hospital.

那个病人已经被带到医院去了。

The hospitals have been built already.

这些医院已经被建成了。

5. 正在进行时的被动语态，由is/ am/ are+being+过去分词构成。例：

The meeting is being had now.

会正开着。

The water is being cleaned by the workers.

水正由工人们弄干净。

6. 过去进行时的被动语态。was/ were+being+过去分词。例：

A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.

昨天这个时候我在借书。

7. 情态动词的被动语态。情态动词can/ may/ must/ should+be+过去分词。

The work can be done tomorrow.

这个工作可以明天做。

The composition must be finished today.

今天作文必须写完。

二. 主动语态和被动语态的转换

主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，通常有以下三个步骤来完成：

(1)宾语变主语(即将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语)

(2)变动词(即将主动语态的动词随时态变成相应的被动语态的动词形式)

(3)加by短语(即将主动语态的主语放于by的后面，主格变宾格，有时不必指出可以省去)

例：

They speak English every day.

(主动语态)他们每天说英语。

English is spoken by them every day.

People grow cotton in the south.

Cotton is grown in the south.(by短语省去)

They cleaned the room last night.

The room was cleaned last night.

同样被动语态变为主动语态正好相反，例：

Was the book written by the boy?

Did the boy write the book?

三. 带有双宾语及省“to”不定式作宾补的句子变化。

1. 带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语，通常有两种变化，既可以提前间宾，也可以提前直宾。例：

They gave me some advice on English study.

I was given some advice on English study by them.

Some advice on English study was given to me by them.

2. 省去“to”的不定式作宾补变为被动语再加“to”。例：

He made the boy work all day.

The boy was made to work all day.

I saw them come into the room.

They were seen to come into the room by me.

【模拟试题】(答题时间：40分钟)

一. 1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.

A. is mending B. has mending

C. is being mended D. is mended

2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom.

A. teaches B. taught

C. is teaching D. is being taught

3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back.

A. was using B. was being used

C. was used D. had used

4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.

A. planted B. were planting

C. were being planted D. had been planting

5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean now.

A. is sweeping B. is swept

C. sweeps D. has been swept

6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it.

A. has been told B. has telling

C. is told D. would tell

7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.

A. had picked B. had been picked

C. were picking D. picked up

8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years.

A. was used B. had used

C. had been used D. used

9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.

A. would throw B. will be thrown

C. would been thrown D. would be thrown

10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster.

A. was shown B. would be shown

C. was show D. would show

11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early.

A. must take B. must taken

C. must have taken D. must be taken

12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.

A. can’t be put B. can’t put

C. can’t be putted D. can’t be putting

13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.

A. can throw B. can be thrown

C. can’t thrown D. mustn’t be thrown

14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.

A. must be bought B. can’t bought

C. can be buying D. may be bought

15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.

A. has been, happened B. has, happened

C. will, happen D. are, happening

16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?

A. is visiting B. has visited

C. is visited D. visits

17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago.

A. is building B. was built

C. built D. was building

18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.

A. have reached B. were reached

C. reached D. had been reached

19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is!

--- Yes. It ____________ every day.

A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

20. That building ____________ in our home town now.

A. is building B. building

C. is being built D. was built

21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________?

A. is finished B. will finish

C. finish D. will be finished

22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years.

A. are covered B. will be covered

C. are covering D. will cover

23. Older people ____________.

A. should be spoken politely

B. must speak to politely

C. should speak to polite

D. should be spoken to politely

24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday.

A. was taken care B. was taken care of

C. was looked at D. was looking at

25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in .

A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. was selling

二. 将下列句子变成被动语态

1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.

2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.

3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.

4. He often passes me my pen.

5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?

6. Li made his brother clean the room.

7. I saw him go into the classroom.

8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?

10. Who often watch them play football?

【试题答案】

一.

1-5 CDBCD 6-10 ABCDB 11-15 DABDB

16-20 CBAAC 21-25 ABDBC

二. 1. A new desk was given to me as a present by mother.

或I was given a new desk as a present by mother.

2. My little brother was made a model ship by me last week.

或A model ship was made for my little brother by me last week.

3. A funny story was told to me by Ann on our way to school.

或I was told a funny story by Ann on our way to school.

4. I am often passed my pen by him.

My pen is often passed to me by him.

5. Was the book you wanted bought for you?

或Were you bought the book you wanted?

6. His brother was made to clean the room.

7. He was seen to go into the classroom.

8. She is often heard to sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Was the old granny often helped to do the housework?

英语被动语态的用法 篇6

English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。

The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。

浅说英语被动语态 篇7

1.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态就是表示主语是动作的承受者。

He wrote the letter. (主动语态) ——他是动作的执行者, 他写的信。

The letter was written by him. (被动语态) ——信是动作的承受者, 信被他写的。

2.就像我们学习数学、物理、化学的公式一样, 被动语态也有自己的公式:be动词+动词的过去分词。这是掌握被动语态的关键。那么应该如何去使用它呢

首先, 我们要学会如何灵活的运用助动词be的不同形式。就是说在不同的时态中, be动词要进行相应的变化。例如, 在一般现在时中be动词有am, is, are。在一般过去时中有was, were。这两种时态的一般疑问句, 否定句和特殊疑问句都是通过be动词来完成的。举几个例子来帮助同学们理解:

(一般现在时的被动语态) be (am, is, are) +done

English is spoken there. 那儿说英语。

They are respected by everybody in the country. 他们受到全国人民的尊敬。

I’m often asked to do that. 我常常被派做这项工作。

(一般过去时的被动语态) be (was, were) +done

The conference was held in August. 这次会议是八月召开的。

The trees were planted by the old man. 这些树是这个老人种的。

(如何变陈述句为一般疑问句)

English is spoken there. 那儿说英语。

Is English spoken there 那儿说英语吗

(否定句)

English is not spoken there. 那儿不说英语。

(特殊疑问句)

When was the building completed 这座大厦什么时候完工的

What tools are needed in the work 工作中需要什么工具

有同学会问, 除了这两种时态还有其他时态可以用被动语态吗当然, 还有将来时态的被动语态:willshall +be+动词的过去分词

The building will be completed next year. 这座大厦明年要完工。

When will the road be opened traffic 这条路什么时候通车

3.注意, 带有情态动词的被动语态则是通过情态动词来体现:

This lesson must be gone over again. 这课必须再复习一遍。

Wu Ying may be elected the monitor. 吴颖可能当选班长。

还有进行时的被动语态, 同样需要同学们的注意:

(现在进行时的被动语态) amisare+being+动词的过去分词

(过去进行时的被动语态) waswere+ being+动词的过去分词

A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在被修建。

The road was being widened. 路那时正在加宽。

4、如果同时要指出动作的执行者, 可用“介词by+动作执行者 (宾格) ”这一结构。

Midnight was written by Mao Dun. 《子夜》是矛盾写的。

The letter was written by him. 信是他写的。

练习:主动句转被动句

1.His mother told him not to waste time on fishing.

2.Father gave me a toy at Christmas.

3.This factory produces machine tools.

4.They should do it at once.

5.He is likely to let you down.

6.They named the child Tom.

答案

1.He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother) .

2.I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father) .

3.Machine tools are produced in this factory.

4.It should be done at once (by them) .

5.You are likely to be let down.

6.The child was named Tom.

以上几个例子都代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。1和2是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动;3是一般句子变被动;4是情态动词变被动;5是不定式变被动;6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。

被动语态热点解析 篇8

一、考查被动语态的概念和构成

被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。请看下表：

被动语态否定式为“be not done”, 情态动词被动语态否定式为“情态动词+not be done”。

【中考链接】

1.—Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours?

—Yes. It _____by Nancy Jackson.

A. has designedB. designedC. was designedD. designs

(江苏南京卷)

【解析】答案为C项。根据 “by Nancy Jackson ”可知，该空表示 “被设计”，应用被动语态结构。

2. The hero’s story _____ in Youth Daily.

A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported

(江苏苏州卷)

【解析】答案为A项。根据语境逻辑, 该空表示“英雄的事迹被报道”，应用被动语态结构。

3. —What a clean classroom!

—It _____every day.

A. is sweepingB. has sweptC. is sweptD. was swept

(福建宁德卷)

【解析】答案为C项。 分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“被打扫”，由 “every day”可以判断，应使用一般现在时被动语态结构。

4. English _____ in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America and Britain.

A. speaksB. is speakingC. is spokenD. spoke

(浙江杭州卷)

【解析】答案为C项。 分析语境可知，该空表示“英语被说”，应使用被动语态结构。

二、考查一般现在时被动语态的用法

一般现在时被动语态表述的是经常性、习惯性的被动动作，常有now, every day, often, usually, always, seldom, never作时态标志。

【中考链接】

1. In some parts of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving B. servesC. is servedD. served

(福建莆田卷)

【解析】答案为C项。 分析语境可知，该句意为“世界上有些地区，泡茶时要加牛奶和糖”。 tea是serve这个动作的承受者，且这个动作是经常性的，应使用一般现在时被动语态结构。

2. —I want to be a doctor.

—Doctors _____ greatly in every part of the world, I think.

A. need B. are needed C. are needingD. will need

(吉林长春卷)

【解析】答案为B项。 分析语境，该空表示“被需要”，应使用一般现在时被动语态结构。

三、考查一般过去时被动语态的用法

一般过去时被动语态表示过去某一时刻的被动性动作，常有表示过去的时间状语作时态标志。

【中考链接】

1. It is said that potato chips _____ by mistake about a hundred years ago.

A. inventB. inventedC. are inventedD. were invented

(北京课标卷)

【解析】答案为D项。 由“a hundred years ago”和语境逻辑推断，该空表示“过去被发明”，应使用一般过去时被动语态结构。

2. A report says hundreds of thousands of rain forests _____ in the Amazon valley (亚马逊河流域) last year.

A. was cut down B. have been cut down

C. were cut downD. has been cut down (山东临沂卷)

【解析】答案为C项。由“last year”和语境逻辑可知，该空表示“过去被砍伐”，应用一般过去时被动语态结构。

3. The window _____ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now.

A. can be cleanedB. is cleanedC. was cleaned D. will be cleaned

(陕西卷)

【解析】答案为C项。由“ten minutes ago”和语境逻辑可知，该空表示“过去被擦”，应用一般过去时被动语态结构。

4.—The shirt looks different from others and it is nice.

—Thanks. It _____by my mother last month.

A. madeB. is madeC. has been madeD. was made

(重庆卷)

【解析】答案为D项。由“last month”和语境逻辑可知，该空表示“过去被制作”，应用一般过去时被动语态结构。

5. —Why didn’t you go to the party last night?

—Because I _____.

A. wasn’t invited B. didn’t invite C. haven’t invited

(广东卷)

【解析】答案为A项。由“last night”和语境逻辑可知，该空表示“过去没有被邀请”，应用一般过去时被动语态结构。

四、考查一般将来时被动语态的用法

一般将来时被动语态表示将来某一时刻的被动性动作，常有表示将来的时间状语作时态标志。

【中考链接】

1. The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year.

A. finishesB. will finishC. is finished D. will be finished

(江西卷)

【解析】答案为D项。该句意为“村子里正在建学校，我希望在今年8月以前建好”。it指上文提到的“a school”，是动词finish的承受者，应用被动语态。再根据上文的“The village is building a school”可知应用一般将来时。

2. The 2008 Olympic Games will _____ in Beijing.

A. hold B. held C. be held D. being held (宁夏卷)

【解析】答案为C项。该句意为“2008年的奥运会将在北京举行”。“奥运会”是“举行”的承受者，应用被动语态。再根据上文的“The 2008 Olympic Games”可知本句应用一般将来时的被动语态。

五、考查现在进行时被动语态的用法

【中考链接】

The World Cup (世界杯足球赛) _____ in Germany now.

A. being had B. is having C. is holdingD. is being held

(山东滨州卷)

【解析】答案为D项。根据语境逻辑该空表示“正在举行”，应使用现在进行时被动语态结构。

六、考查现在完成时被动语态的用法

【中考链接】

Chinese sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors (亲善大使) for Shanghai.

A. has been namedB. have been named

C. has named D. have named (江苏徐州卷)

【解析】答案为B项。 因主语是两个人，故助动词用have, 不用has, 排除A项和C项。由句意“中国体育明星姚明和刘翔被任命为‘上海亲善大使’”可知应用现在完成时被动语态结构。

七、考查含情态动词被动语态的用法

含情态动词被动语态常表示具有特定感情色彩的被动性动作。

【中考链接】

1. —What should we do first if we want to develop our village?

—A lot of new roads _____, I think.

A. must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built

(湖北黄冈卷)

【解析】答案为C项。对话意为“如果我们想发展我们的村子，首先该做什么？”“我认为首先得修很多条新路”。路是必须被修的，应使用含情态动词的被动语态结构must be built。

2. —How beautiful our hometown is!

—Yes, trees and flowers _____ everywhere.

A. can be seen B. can see C. be seen D. can’t see

(海南卷)

【解析】答案为A项。该句中树和花是“被人看到”，故应用被动语态。C项的干扰性最大，但be动词使用错误，正确的应为“are seen”。

3. Some people think trees _____ on Tree Planting Day only.

A. should not be planted B. should not plant

C. should not be plantingD. not be planted (云南昆明卷)

【解析】答案为A项。该句意为“有些人认为不能仅仅在植树节植树”。根据题意可知，这个句子是含有情态动词的被动语态。它是由“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”构成。

4. If you want to keep your room clean and tidy, it _____ every day.

A. will clean B. will be clean C. is cleanedD. must be cleaned

(山东青岛卷)