冠词用法详解

2024-09-15

冠词用法详解（精选8篇）

冠词用法详解篇1

一、定冠词the，基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指。例: the flower 那朵花 the E-mail 那个电子邮件 3.不定冠词a和an，基本含义是“一、一个”，表示泛指。例：a flower 一朵花 an E-mail 一个电子邮件

二、a和an的区别 a用在辅音音素前，包括以前元音[j]、[w]开首的词前，注意，这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音，不是指辅音字母。

an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母)，例：a hotel [一家旅馆 a knife 一把小刀 a useful tool 一件有用的工具 a university 一所大学 a European country一个欧洲国家 a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人 an hour ] 一小时 an ant 一只蚂蚁 an honour 一种荣誉 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an umbrella 一把伞 an onion一个洋葱 an eye 一只眼睛 an ear [一只耳朵 an English book [ 一本英语书 an egg 一只鸡蛋 an ap 一个苹果 an island 一座岛 an uncle一位叔叔 an old man 一位老人

三、不定冠词 a,an 表示“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前例：There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅图画。 He has an apple in his hand. 他手里拿着一个苹果。提示： a. a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别;one则强调数量。例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。(不是收音机和电视机) I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。 (不是两台) Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗?(不是别的食物) She gave one ice cream to them each. 她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。(不是两客) b. 表示数量对比时，要用one, 不用a(an)。比：我有一支红铅笔，但是他有三支。 I have a red pencil, but she has three. (误) I have one red pencil, but she has three. (正) 我只需要一美元，但他给了我两美元。 I only want a dollar, but he has given me two. (误) I only want one dollar, but he has given me two. (正) 2 表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，a或an不必翻译

例 Even a child can answer this question. 就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。 An elephant is stronger than a horse. 大象比马力气大。

A teacher must be strict with his students. 教师必须对学生严格要求。 3 第一次提到某人或某物第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an，起介绍作用。例: A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要见你。 On a cold evening a stranger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上，一个陌生人来到我的住处。 4 表示身份、职业不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。例：She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中学教师，名叫李芳。 The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。提示：表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人的头衔，则不用冠词。例：He is captain of the team. 他是球队队长。 Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English. 张飞是他们的班长，英语很棒。 5 用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人例：A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。 A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。 6 不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一” 例：We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。

They met each other once a month. 他们每月会面一次。

冠词用法详解篇2

关键词：冠词的省略,冠词的重复,冠词表事物类别时用法的比较

一、冠词的省略

冠词的省略和零冠词是很不相同的概念。前者是在该用冠词的地方由于篇幅或文体的缘故而省略了某个冠词, 而后者则是用零冠词来表示名词的泛指或一般概念。

在下列文体或情况下常省略冠词。

1. 报纸或文章的标题。

例如:Guangzhou Export Commodi-t i es Fai r Closes.

广州出口商品交易会闭幕。

2. 广告。

例如:Houses t o let.

房屋招租。

3. 电报。

例如:LETTER RECEIVED

来信已收到

4. 公告。

例如:

(1) Kindergarten Ahead

前有幼儿园

(2) Private Road

专用道路

5. 日记。

例如:

Had t alk by Pr o.Br own on r eadi ng.

听了布朗教授做的关于阅读的报告。

二、冠词的重复

1. 当两个名词表示两个 (类) 人或物时, 一般在各个名词前都用冠词。例如:

(1) A child and a parent may not always agr ee on such a quest i on.

(2) The red and the black roses in your gar den ar e t r uly beaut i f ul.

2. 某些意义联系紧密的名词常被视为一体, 通常只用一个冠词。例如:

(1) When he got home yesterday af t er noon, Mr Howe f ound a hor se and car t i n f r ont of hi s house.

(2) Believe it or not, I saw in the st r eet an old man wi t h a bow and arr ow on hi s back.

信不信由你, 我在街上看见一位老大爷背着弓箭。

3. 如果指同一个人或物, 或表示整体的一部分, 一般只用一个冠词。例如:

My f at her bought me a Fr ench and Chi nese Di ct i onar y last week.

我父亲给我买了一本法汉词典。 (指一本法汉词典)

比较:

My f at her bought me a Fr ench and a Chi nese di ct i onar y.

我父亲上周给我买了一本法语词典和一本汉语词典。 (指两种词典)

三、冠词表事物类别时的用法比较

用可数名词来表示事物的类别, 有时候特指与泛指之间或单数与复数之间的区别不大。

初探不定冠词和定冠词的用法篇3

怎样使用“a、an”和“the”呢？语法书上讲得相当清楚，而且是一条一条的。但当学生遇到此类题时，多少会产生恐惧，那么怎样排除这些恐惧呢？首先要记住一些最基本的规则和一些非标准的规则，用一些浅而易懂的方法，使学生容易理解、记忆和使用。让他们知道：冠词是放在名词之前起限制和修饰作用的。

“a、an”修饰可数名词，“a”用在辅音之前；“an”用在元音之前；“the”修饰可数或不可数名词；定冠词有时可省略。这三条规则是复杂系统里的最简单的问题，只要我们认真系统地讲解，学生是能够掌握的，学生开始会觉得困难，是因为受到权威条款的影响，要让学生明白，冠词属于限定的体系。一般情况，冠词可能不作孤立地讲解，但它们仍被广泛地运用，有时还会被讨论的很激烈。

不定冠词“a , an ”和定冠词“the”是复杂的限制体系的一部分，我们可以用例子来说明，如：

Aduck is abird.(不定冠词的基本用法，指某一类)

Duck are birds. (复数指一类)

The duck was brown.（表特指）

A few ducks live here.（指数量）

Fewducks live here.（指数量）

The few ducks that live here in water are mallards.（表数量）

Both ducks eat fish.（指两者）

综上所述，如果你认为这些是不复杂的话，那么为什么“few ducks, a few ducks, the few ducks , both ducks”是常见的表达形式，而“a both ducks & the both ducks”则是不可这样用的。规律告诉我们不定冠词用在第一次提到的名词前，而定冠词用于第二次提到的或特指的名词前,如：

I saw a cat.The cat was sitting on a fence.The fence was painted brown. The cat jumped off the fence when it saw a mouse . The mouse ran into a hole when it saw the cat.So the cat didn’t catch the mouse.有时侯这个规律也不是一成不变的，如这样的一道高考题,It’sworld of wonderworld where anything can happen. A: a ,theB: a ,aC: the ,aD: 不填，不填。如果还是按语法书上的规则，大部分学生认为第二次出现的名词前一定使用定冠词“the”，其实试题命制者充分利用了同位语，这一语言特点设计了一道富有语境的题干，此题不符合其规律。所以我们除了按规则去做题外，还需分别等待不同的题义，才能万无一失。另外在世界上独一无二的名词、序数词和形容词最高级前、表河流山脉的名词前、由普通名词构成的专有名词前，还指谈话双方都知道的人或物，还有指上文提过的人和事物的名词前，则需用定冠词 “the”，如：The sun rises in the east.

He is the fastest runner in our school.

the Rocky Mountains

the Pacific Ocean

the Great Wall

另外在节日、日期、月份、季节前、三餐和球类运动名称前和一些习惯用语中的名词前，在称呼或表示头衔的名词前，省去定冠词，如：

Springis the best season.

Breakfastis ready.

I like playing football.

This is comrade Wang.

At noon

Go to school (等等)

冠词用法篇4

1．表示“一”这个数量概念，比one意思稍弱

e.g.: The plan will be ready in a week or two.

2．表示某人或某物，但不具体说明哪个, 相当于any

e.g.: This poem was written by a student.

注：在1,2两项中，如果名词变复数，把a换成数词或不定代词some, any等即可。

e.g.: The plan will be ready in three weeks.

3．表示某一类人或事物

e.g.: Even a child can answer this question.

注：句中名词变复数时，去掉不定冠词a/an即可。

4．和表示时间或度量衡的名词连用表示“每日”、“每斤”等

e.g.: I take a two-mile walk twice a day.

5．用于固定词组

e.g.: have/take a shower have/take a bath

take a walk give a lecture

a lot of a couple of

as a rule have a headache

a few a little a bit

6. 不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的季节, 日期前面

The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.

7. 用于序数词前面, 表示

三、定冠词的主要用法

1．特指某人、某物，以区别于其他人、物

e.g.: This is the head of our delegation.

2．用于谈话双方都明确的人、物前

e.g.: Take the medicine after meals.

3．用于上文提到过的人、物前

e.g.: There is a new book on the desk. Give me the book.

4．用于世界上独一无二的事物前

e.g.: the (sun, moon, earth, sky, world, globe, equator（赤道）, universe（宇宙）, atmosphere)

5．用于序数词前

e.g.: the first one, the second one, etc.

6．用于形容词最高级前

e.g.: Autumn is the best season here.

7．用于表示方位（东、西、南、北、中、左、右）的名词前

e.g.: Tianjin is in the east of China.

但 from east to west 之类的结构除外

8．用于某些江、河、湖、海、山川、海湾、沙漠前

e.g.: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Baltic (Sea)(波罗的海)，

the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山), the Taiwan Straits, the Sahara（撒哈拉沙漠）

9．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，如国家、组织机构、某些报纸名

e.g.: the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Times, the People’s Daily

10．用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人，e.g.: the Browns 布朗一家

11．用于形容词前，表示一类人，e.g.: the old, the poor

12．用于演奏的乐器、文娱艺术活动等名称前

e.g.: play (the piano, the violin, the flute, the cello),

go to (the cinema,, the theatre, the movies, the concert)

13．用于逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代

e.g.: in the 1990s (二十世纪九十年代)

14．用于表示发明物的单数名词前

e.g.: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

15．用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物

e.g.: The horse is a useful animal.

16．当用来指人体部位时，在介词之后通常用the 来代替物主代词

e.g.: I had a cold in the head.(头部受了风)

He became very red in the face.

He was wounded in the leg.

He took (lead, seize, catch) me by the arm (hair…).

beat sb. on the nose/head,

be blind in the left (right) eye

be deaf in the left (right) ear

17．用于某些固定词组

e.g.: in the morning (afternoon, evening, daytime)

at the moment

on the phone

the whole day

by the way

in the end

on the other hand

on the whole (大体上) 对应的 as a whole (就整个来看)

in the city 对应的 in town

at the back of(in back of) 对应的 in front of (在…前面)

在…后面

in the distance (在远处) 对应的 at a distance of +数词

（在多远处）

四、不用冠词的场合

1．可数名词复数、不可数名词表示一类或泛指时

e.g.: Teachers must love their students.

Unity is strength.

2．专有名词（洲、国家、人名）前，一般不用冠词

e.g.: Asia, Japan, Jim

3．球类、棋类等体育运动以及三餐前

e.g.: play (volleyball, table tennis, chess, cards)

have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)

注：如特指某一餐，需加不定冠词a/an

e.g.: They had a wonderful dinner at that hotel last night.

4．学科、语言、（医学中）大部分疾病名、某些报刊名前

e.g.: chemistry, English, High blood pressure, China Daily

5．季节、月份、星期、节日前，一般不加冠词，但有限定性定语修饰

或表示一特定的时间时，就要加定冠词

e.g.: School begins in September.

We have few classes on Saturday.

但：She came to Tianjin in the spring of .

Where do you plan to spend the summer?

6．大多数学校、街道、公园、广场、桥梁、车站、机场等名称前

e.g.: Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road, Tianjin Railway Station

7．在描述交通方式时

e.g.: by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot, etc.

I go to school by bike every day.

但take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus 等表示具体的交通工具时要用冠词

8．系动词turn（变成）后面作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词

e.g.: The young worker has turned writer.

=The young worker has become a writer.

9．称呼语或指家里雇用的nurse, cook 等名词前及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词

e.g.: What’s this, mother?

Ask nurse to put the child to bed.

Lincoln was made president of the United States again.

10．As引导的让步状语从句，作表语的名词前不用冠词

e.g.: Child as she is, she knows a lot of English.

11．⑴ 在单数名词+after +同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词

e.g.: She did experiment after experiment.

shop after shop, mistake after mistake, etc.

⑵ 当两个或两个以上的名词用and 连接时，如带有对比的含义或习惯上

总在一起使用，常省去冠词

e.g.: husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night,

body and soul, knife and fork

12．当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一名词时，第二个形容词前常不用the

e.g.: She is the tallest and fattest girl in our class.

13．No 与such 连用时，no 应放在such 之前，such 后的名词前不用冠词

e.g.: No such thing has ever happened in this village.

14．church, school, hospital, prison, university 等单数可数名词指机构（institution）时，其前常不用冠词；如果不指机构而指一座具体建筑（building），其前又常用冠词。

e.g.: They go to church every Sunday morning.（上教堂）

The church was pulled down for a new and bigger one.

She stayed in hospital for three weeks after the accident.(住院)

He walked into the hospital through a side entrance.

注：用法类似的词还有：bed, class, table, town 等。

e.g.: The family were at table when he arrived.（在吃饭）

Why not remove the table? It’s in the way.

You’re not going to town with him, are you?（进城）

The town used to be rather small. Now it extends miles and miles.

15．有时在新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名中，为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意，省去冠词

e.g.: Conference opens.

考点：

在考试中，冠词部分的题常见的有以下类型：

1．各种应该使用冠词的情况

e.g.: They went to _____ Smiths’ and stayed there for half an hour.

A. the B. a C. an D. / (津春季高考) (答案A）

2．各种不应该使用冠词的情况

e.g.: On _____ Christmas Day people like to send Christmas cards to each other.

A. the B. a C. one D./ (津春季高考) (答案D)

3．冠词的固定用法

e.g.: All of _____ sudden the child rushed out from _____ the door.

A. the, behind B. a, behind C. /, behind D. the, /

(2002津春季高考) (答案B)

4．不定冠词a/an 用法的区别

e.g.: Is his girl friend _____ European or _____ American? (津春季高考)

A. a, / B. an, an C. an, / D. a, an （答案D）

课后习题难点讲解：

P39. 强化训练-A 巩固练习

Ⅰ--第9小题

Mike was elected __/__ captain of the team.

---分析---：按照我们上面“不用冠词的场合”讲的，在表示独一无二头衔、职务的名词作补语时，其前不用冠词，所以captain前什么也不填。（书上答案错误）

Ⅰ--第15小题

The play, Hamlet, attracted a large audience.

---分析---：首先，第一个空特指Hamlet这部剧，无疑应该填定冠词the。这里主要是audience前的第二个空，audience 本身是一个集体名词，可数。分析这样的词时，我们要看它强调的是整体还是整体中的每一个个体，如：

My family is a large one. (把family 看作了一个整体)

My family were listening to the tape. (强调的是family中的每一个成员)

本题中audience 强调的是“一大群观众”这样一个整体概念，所以应该填a。

Ⅰ--第22小题

give up + ving : give up 后直接跟动名词表示放弃做某事。

Exercises:

1. Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped ____ “m” here.

A. an B. the C. / D. a

2. That evening ___ Greens sat before a bright fire and had ___ nice supper.

A. the, a B. /, / C. /, a D. the, /

3. _____ elephant is useful to human beings.

A. The B. This C. That D. A

4. The man was in _____ hurry to catch _____ train.

A. a, / B. a, the C. the, / D. /, the

5. _____ thief is a danger to _____.

A. The, society B. The, a society C. A, society D. A, the society

6. In _____ time of _____ danger, one’s mind works fast.

A. the, the B. a, a C. /, / D. the, /

7. We should take good care of _____.

A. young and old B. the young and old

C. the young and the old D. young and the old

8. ---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.

---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere

A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a

9. Mr. Zhang began to learn ___ English language at ___ age of fifty.

A. /, the B. the, the C. /, / D the, /

10. Your can have _____ second try if you fail _____ first time.

A. the, / B. /, a C. the, a D. a, the

关于英语不定冠词的用法篇5

There is a tiger in the zoo.

动物园里有一只老虎.

2. 表示一类人和东西

A tiger can be dangerous.

老虎可能有危害性.

3. 表示“某一个”的意思

A gentleman wants to see you.

有一位先生要见你.

4. 表示“同一”的意思

They are nearly of an age.

他们几乎同岁.

The two shirts are much of a size.

这两件衬衫大小差不多.

5. 表示“每一”的意思

We go swimming four times a week.

我们每周去游泳四次.

6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业

My mother is a teacher.

我妈妈是教师.

7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个

Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.

英语语法学习：定冠词特指用法篇6

定冠词用在名词前，用来专指某一或者某些特定的人或者物，称为特指;而不定冠词或者名词前不用冠词，表示一类人或者物，或者是一类中的任何一个，称为泛指。

比如：

What about a picnic in the park tomorrow?

明天去公园野餐的食品足够了吗?(泛指)

Have you got enough food for the picnic tomorrow?

你们明天野餐的食品足够了吗?(特指)

当名词被所带的修饰语限定表示特指意义，前面必须有定冠词;表示一般概念时只具有泛指意义，一般不用定冠词或者用不定冠词。

比如：

Most boys and girls like pop songs.

大多数孩子喜欢流行歌曲。

The pop songs they aresinging are beautiful.

他们唱的流行歌曲很优美。

I am out of bread.I’ll go and buy some.

我吃完面包了。我要去买一些。

The bread on the table has gone bad.

桌子上的面包变质了。

物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，仅有泛指意义，前面一般不用冠词，但表示特指意义，尤其被修饰语加以限定时，前面必须用定冠词。

比如：

We love snow very much.

我们非常喜爱雪。

The snow was thick on the road.

跑上雪很厚。

Music in films is usually beautiful.

电影中的音乐通常很动听。

I like the music of the film.

我喜欢这部电影的音乐。

但如果名词的修饰仅说明名词的类别，不具有限定作用，则名词前仍用不定冠词。

比如：

a map of China中国地图

a map of the world世界地图

英语动词不定式用法详解篇7

一、句法功能

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词之特性, 同时也保留动词特征, 同自己的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语, 在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语。

1.作主语

To love and to be loved are both happiness.

(1) 不定式作主语时, 为了避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语, 不定式作真正主语, 常见句型有:

It is very nice to get up early and do morning exercise.

It is a great honor to make a speech at the meeting.

It took me five hours to finish my homework yesterday.

It is against my will to tell her the secret.

(2) 不定式的逻辑主语用of或for引出。用for时, 它前面的形容词说明不定式的性质, 而不是说明逻辑主语, 常见的形容词有:important, necessary, difficult等;用of时, 常用表示人的品质的形容词, 常见形容词有:nice, good, cruel, typical, silly, foolish, stupid, bright, clever, wise, right, wrong, mistaken等, 也可以用“逻辑主语+系动词+该形容词”模式改写:

It is very important for us to fasten safety belts.

It was silly of her to believe what he said = She was silly to believe what he said.

2.作宾语

(1) agree, beg, choose, decide, afford, fail, expect, hope, long, offer, manage, plan, prepare, pretend, strive, refuse, intend, promise, seem, wish, want等后常跟不定式作宾语。不定式一般不作介词宾语, 但可以作but, except的宾语:

My parents agreed to send me abroad for holidays if I passed the exam.

He had no choice but to have a rest at home.

(2) like, love, hate, continue等动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义接近, 区别在于不定式表示具体的动作, 动名词表示抽象概念:

I like reading, but I don’t like to read in the classroom today.

(3) 不定式作宾语时, 用it作形式宾语, 常跟一个形容词或者名词作宾补:

We consider it necessary to learn English well in case you go abroad.

We have made it a rule not to watch TV during dinner time.

3.作定语

( 1 ) 作定语时, 与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的“主谓关系”、“动宾关系”等:

He is always the first to come and the last to go. (主谓关系)

I have a very important meeting to attend this afternoon. (动宾关系)

I will go to Shanghai. Do you have anything to be taken there? (主谓关系)

注:此句中you不是不定式逻辑主语, 故anything就成逻辑主语, anything与take之前构成被动关系, 故用被动形式, 但也可用主动形式:

I will do some washing. Do you have any clothes to wash (to be washed) ?

There is a lot of homework to do (to be done) today.

(2) 如果作定语的动词不能与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系时, 要加相应的介词, 构成介宾关系:

I have bought a pen to write with and some paper to write on.

( 3 ) 某些抽象名词ability, way, need, possibility , determination等后也跟不定式作定语:

The girl has the ability to operate this modern machine.

He has showed the determination to finish the work ahead of time.

4.作状语

不定式作状语时, 通常表示原因、目的和结果, 逻辑主语通是句子的主语, 有主动和被动之分:

I was very pleased to hear the satisfactory news. (原因)

In order to go to college, I have to learn English well. (目的)

The question is very difficult to answer. =To answer the question is very difficult.

注意:不定式在这种情况下作状语, 一般是及物动词, 与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 翻译为“…起来”, 不用被动式:

The woman is very difficult to deal with.= To deal with the woman is very difficult.

He woke up at midnight, only to find the door was open. (结果)

He hurried to the school, only to be told that in was Sunday. (结果)

注意:分词也可作结果状语, 但不定式的主动和被动形式都表示出乎预料的结果, 而现在分词和过去分词均表示必然结果:

He was late again and again, thus making the boss angry.

He smoked again at work, thus caught by the boss.

5.作补语

(1) 作宾补或主补时, 不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或者主语, 有主动和被动之分。常用动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, consider, desire, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, teach, tell, want, warn等:

Our school doesn’t permit anyone to smoke in the school campus. (宾补)

We were forced to leave the classroom when school was over. (主补)

(2) 动词notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, have, feel跟省略to的不定式作宾补, 但这些动词变为被动语态时, 作主补的不定式要加上to:

I noticed a young lady enter the room hurriedly.

A young lady was noticed to enter the room hurriedly.

6.作表语

不定式作表语既可表示将来发生的动作, 也可表示应该做某事:

My job is to teach children English after graduation.

Who is to blame for the broken window?

二、动词不定式的时态和语态

不定式不仅有时态的变化, 而且有语态的变化。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 就用被动语态。

1.一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词动作或状态同时发生或之后发生:

He likes to swim in the small river this afternoon.

Nobody likes to be criticized in public.

2.完成式表示动作或状态在谓语动词动作或状态之前发生:

He was lucky to have met a kind and helpful man.

The book is said to have been translated into English.

3.进行式表示动作在谓语动词动作或状态发生时正在发生:

He pretended to be sleeping when his mother told him to do washing.

4.完成进行式表示在谓语动词动作或状态发生之前开始的动作, 到谓语动词动作发生时可能停止, 也可能会持续下去:

He seems to have been standing there for five hours.

三、动词不定式的否定及其它

1.不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前面加not:

The teacher ordered us not to make any noise in the classroom.

2.疑问词+不定式

“疑问词+不定式”相当于一个名词, 在句中作主语、宾语和表语, 其中的不定式常用一般式:

When to start for the journey has not been decided.

If you don’t know when to start for the journey, you’d better call him.

The problem is when to start for the journey.

3.不定式to的省略情况

(1) 在had better, would rather…than…, would…rather than…, do nothing but except other than, might as well, cannot help but cannot choose but cannot but以及情态动词、助动词之后:

I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema in such terrible weather.

There is nothing I can do other than but except ask for a leave.

(2) 动词help后可直接跟省略to的不定式, 即help do sth.;help后的不定式作宾补时, 如果句子主语直接参与不定式动作时省略to, 句子主语不直接参与不定式动作时, 一般不省略to:

Please help do housework, as I am too busy.

Would you please help me carry the box upstairs?

The book will help me to improve my writing skills.

(3) 在why或why not开头、表示建议的疑问句中:

Why argue with your mother?

Why not go outside and breathe some fresh air?

(4) 并列的两个以上的不定式, 从第二个开始省略to, 但对比关系中不能省略:

She will come to help us and give us a lecture.

We haven’t decided whether to go to America or to stay in China during the vacation.

(5) 不定式作表语时, 系动词前边有动词do的任何形式;句子主语是all或what引导的从句;主语被only, first, one, least及形容词最高级所修饰时:

The first thing I want to do now is (to) thank all the people who have helped me in my life.

All I can do is (to) offer him some money to buy food and clothes.

What she really hopes is (to) marry an honest man.

The only thing he can do is (to) do well in the exam.

参考文献

[1]薄冰英语语法.开明出版社.

反义疑问句用法详解篇8

反义疑问句也叫附加疑问句，指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问，用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，但是肯定和否定形式却彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问句部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，附加部分用肯定式。如：

He’s late， isn’t he？他迟到了，不是吗？

He isn’t late， is he？他没有迟到，不是吗？

反义疑问句的附加部分不管是肯定的，还是否定的，通常都可译为“是吗”“对吗”“是不是”“对不对”“不是吗”“不对吗”等。

2. 反义疑问句的缩写问题当反义疑问句的附加部分为否定式时，习惯上只用缩写形式，不能分开来写。

如：

误：You love him very much， do not you？你很爱他，对不对？

正：You love him very much， don’t you？你很爱他，对不对？

3. 反义疑问句的主语问题

反义疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致，且只能是代词，不能是名词。如：

误：Jim likes English very much， doesn’t Jim？吉姆很喜欢英语，对吗？

正：Jim likes English very much， doesn’t he？吉姆很喜欢英语，对吗？

注意：如果陈述部分的主语为somebody， someone， everyone， everybody， no one， nobody等指人的复合不定代词时，其附加部分的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。如：Nobody likes it， does he[do they]？没有一个人喜欢它，是吗？

4. 反义疑问句用于there be句式

当陈述部分为there be句型时，附加部分仍用there be句式。如：

There is a garden at the back of the house， isn’t t

here？房子背后有一座花园，对吗？

5. 涉及情态动词的反义疑问句

一般情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，反义疑问句会重复前面同样的情态动词。如：The boy can read and write， can’t he？这男孩会读写，是吗？We shouldn’t help him， should we？我们不应该帮他，对吗？

但是当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，要分两种情况：

① 若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，则附加部分可用 mustn’t 或needn’t。如：You must leave at once， mustn’t [needn’t] you？他必须（有必要）马上离开，是吗？

② 若must表示推测，意为“一定”时，其附加部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。如：

He must be tired， isn’t he？他一定累了，是吗？

He must have left yesterday， didn’t he？他昨天一定是走了，对吗？

6. 涉及祈使句的反义疑问句