从近年高考试题看“倒装”结构

从近年高考试题看“倒装”结构（共2篇）

从近年高考试题看“倒装”结构 篇1

试完成下列高考单项选择题：

1.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because _______ of us had ______ money on us.

A.all, no B.any, no C.none, any D.no one, any

2.Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A.some B.any C.that D.those

3.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?

A.where B.what C.how D.which

4.The Parkers bought a new house, but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A.they B.it C.one D.which

5.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.

A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing

(答案1-----5 C C D B A )

1)人称代词：

人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.

①人称代词的用法：

a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时，两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.

It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.

注:人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。

you, he and I them and us

如有其他代词时，其他代词排列于人称代词之后，如：he, I and some others

b.人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。

If I were she, I would take your advice.

I would share the room with you if you were him.

②“It”的用法。

a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。

Where is the cat? It’s in the kitchen.

Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?

My book is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.

b.用以代替指示代词this, that。

What’s this? -- It’s a frog. /Whose pen is that? -- It’s mine.

c.表示时间，天气，距离等。

A lovely day, isn’t it? /It’s two o’clock.

It’s about two li from here to our school.

d.用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。

It’s no use talking with him about that.

It took me twenty minutes to get there.

We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.

e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语，宾语或状语)，常用强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)…”。

It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.

It was in the classroom that he told me about it.

2)不定代词：

①all / both

a.both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。

All (of us) like fruits. /Both (of them) are good at English.

b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前;位于be动词之后。

They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy.

I know them all (或both).

②one / it(人称代词)

one 代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。

I don’t have a watch but I’m going to buy one(或some).

I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.

③no one / none

no one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人(物)之中一个也不”，用“none of”,后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数;后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：

No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.

None of them have(或has)arrived yet.(不用no one)

None of the money is mine.

④some / any /no /every +(thing, one, body等。)

some 类用于肯定句，any类用于否定和疑问句。

I know nothing of what had happened to him.

I have little rice, so I can’t lend you any.

She is going to buy some new dresses.

注:everyone和every one

前者意思是“每个人”，与everybody同义，后面不可跟of短语，后者意思是每个人或物，后面跟of短语。试比较：

everyone in the classroom(教室里的所有的人)

every one of the children(这些孩子中的每一个)

every one of the books(这些书中的每一本)

⑤部分否定与全部否定：

当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.

All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。

(现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class.)

None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。

3)疑问代词：

用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。

What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she?

Which subject is your best one?

所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。

Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for?

Whose are those books?

在学习疑问代词时，对以下几组词注意区别：

① which和what

两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。

Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?

What colour is her dress?

What writers do you like best?

② which和who 两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。

Which would you like to eat –steak or fish?

Who won the game –Smith or Johnson ?

当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.

Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?

Which of可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如：

Which of you has taken away my English book?

4)连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。如：

The question is who can operate the new machine.(引导表语从句--作主语)

They asked whose idea this was.(引导宾语从句--作定语)

When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.

(引导宾语从句--作定语)

I’ll give my ticket to whoever wants it.

(这里whoever可看成“anyone who”，or“the person who”).

(小周)

从高考题看部分倒装 篇2

由否定含义的副词或词组引起的部分倒装

【真题再现】

I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom ____ so lonely as now. (2007辽宁)

A. have I feltB. I had felt

C. I have feltD. had I felt

【考点分析】

该题考查由否定副词引起的部分倒装结构，答案为A。

一般情况下，如果有表示否定意味的副词(词组)位于句首(指整个句子或分句的句首)，句子要用部分倒装形式，即将谓语中的一部分如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等放在主语前面。例如：

Never before have they been to Beijing. 他们以前从未去过北京。

Never shall I do this again. 我决不会再干这事。

By no means is translation easy. 翻译绝不是一件简单的事。

常见的置于句首会引起句子部分倒装的否定副词有：not、never、little、seldom、 rarely、hardly、scarcely、barely等；表示“不会”的词组有：on no occasion、under no circumstances、by no means、in no case、in no way、at no time等。

由“so(such) ...that”结构中的so或such引起的部分倒装

【真题再现】

____________________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (2007陕西)

A. So successful her business was

B. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successful

D. So was her successful business

【考点分析】

该题考查“so...that”句型中的so位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，答案为B。

在“so(such)...that”引导的结果状语从句中，当so或such放于句首时，主句要部分倒装，但从句不用倒装。例如：

So loudly did he speak that everyone in the class could hear him. 他讲话声音很大，全班人都能听到。

Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait outside before we could get in. 他有一条这么凶的狗，我们进去前都不得不在外面等着。

由副词only引起的部分倒装

【真题再现】

Only then ____ how much damage had been caused. (2006陕西)

A. she realized B. she had realized

C. had she realizedD. did she realize

【考点分析】

该题考查由副词only引起的部分倒装，答案为D。

当副词only和其修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，要将句子的助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：

Only in this way can we work out the physics problem. 只有用这种方法，我们才能解出这道物理题。

Only then did I realize I'd made such a big mistake. 在那时，我才意识到自己犯了多么大的错误。

Only when one loses health does one know its value. 人们只有失去健康时，才能意识到健康的重要。

注意：

1)当only位于句首强调主语时，句子不倒装。例如：

Only the people present can prove it. 只有在场的人才能证明这件事。

2)当only和其修饰的状语从句位于句首时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。例如：

Only when he got home did he learn what happened to his father. 他到家了之后，才知道父亲出了什么事。

由“no sooner...than”、“hardly/scarcely...when”等引起的部分倒装

【真题再现】

— Did Linda see the traffic accident? (2006天津)

— No, no sooner ____ than it happened.

A. had she goneB. she had gone

C. has she goneD. she has gone

【考点分析】

该题考查no sooner...than位于句首时引起的部分倒装，答案为A。

当“hardly(scarcely)...when”、“no sooner...than”引导时间状语从句，且位于句首时，主句(前句)用部分倒装形式，从句(后句)不倒装。此时，主句多用过去完成时，从句多用一般过去时，句子可译为“一……就”。例如：

Scarcely/Hardly had the baby cried for a minute when the mother rushed to pick him up. 婴儿一哭，妈妈就赶快去抱他。

No sooner had they reached home than it started to rain. 他们一到家，就下起了雨。

由并列连词“not only... but also”引起的部分倒装

【真题再现】

_______ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004上海)

A. Not only they brought

B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they

D. Not only they did bring

【考点分析】

该题考查由并列连词“not only...but also”引起的部分倒装，答案为B。“Not only...but also”结构中，如果not only放于句首，则not only引导的句子需部分倒装，而but also引导的句子不倒装。例如：

Not only did I make a promise, but I also kept it.

我许下诺言，并信守了诺言。

Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a painter.

他不仅是位科学家，还是位画家。

注意：

如果连接“not only...but also”的是主语，则整个句子都不倒装。例如：

Not only I but also my younger sister is invited.

不仅我而且我妹妹也被邀请了。

由连词so、nor、neither 用于句首时引起的倒装

编者注：由连词so、nor、neither用于句首时引起的倒装很难完全归入部分倒装或是全部倒装，所以在此单独列出。

【真题再现】

— My room gets very cold at night.

— _____________. (2007江苏)

A. So is mine B. So mine is

C. So does mine D. So mine does

【考点分析】

该题考查连词so用于句首引起的倒装，答案为C。

当连词so、nor、neither用于句首，说明前句中谓语表示的情况也同样适用于后句中的人或物时，so/nor/neither引导的句子需倒装，且句中的助动词、情态动词、系动词等要和前句中的一致；如果前句中的谓语动词是行为动词，则so/nor/neither后要用助动词do的具体形式。例如：

A. — I have had my breakfast. 我吃过早餐了。

— So have I. 我也吃过了。

B. — Tom can speak three languages.

汤姆会讲三种语言。

— So can his sister. 他妹妹也是。

C. My mother is an engineer, and so is my father.

我妈妈是工程师，爸爸也是。

D. Tom didn't pass the exam, and neither did Jack.

汤姆没有通过考试，杰克也没过。

E. He wants to go there, and so does his brother.

他想去那边，他弟弟也想去。

注意：

1) 当so位于句首，但不是表示前一句话所说情况也适合于后一句话另一个人或物，而是在重复上文内容或对前面所说情况表示赞同，此时，前后两句的主语相同，so相当于indeed，其引导的句子不用倒装。例如：

— You left the clothes outside all night long. 你把衣服落在外边整整一个晚上。

— Oh, so I did. 哦，的确是。

2) 如果前一句中包含不同种类的动词，而后一句所说情况也符合前文所说情况，可用“(and) so it is / was sb. / sth.”或“(and) it is / was the same with sb. / sth.”。例如：

— Jack is a student and studies at No. 3 Middle School.

— So it is with Tom. ( = It is the same with Tom.)

真题演练

1. — How was the televised debate last night?

— Super! Rarely _________________ so much media attention. (2007上海)

A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate

2. I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____________ with my progress. (2006 重庆)

A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied

3. If Joe's wife won't go to the party, __________. (2007 全国卷Ⅱ)

A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he neither willD. either he will

4. —I reminded you not to forget the appointment. (2006江西)

— __________.

A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I

5. So difficult ________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006 广东)

A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD. have I found

6. ____ by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies. (2006浙江)

A. OnlyB. JustC. StillD. Yet