英语间接引语（通用9篇）
英语间接引语 篇1
我们知道, 英语语法中讲到的许多语言点, 与我们接触的母语, 有着很多相似之处。虽有相似点, 但在教学中还是发现有部分同学不能很好地理解和运用直接引语和间接引语的转化。所以, 现就这一语法, 与大家一起分享我的教法。
首先我们要知道, 什么是直接引语和间接引语。直接引述别人的原话, 就是直接引语, 一般情况下, 直接引语前后都要加引号。用自己的话来转述别人的话, 就是间接引语, 间接引语不需要加引号, 在多数情况下, 转化后的间接引语就是一个宾语从句。那么, 什么样的句子可以作直接引语呢?我们根据说话人的语气, 可分为陈述句, 一般疑问句, 特殊疑问句和祈使句这四类句子作直接引语。下面我们就分别看看每一类句子如何变成间接引语。
一、含陈述句的直接引语变间接引语
我们先看几个例子:
例1:Mr.Black said, “I am very busy now.”
Mr.Black said that he was very busy then.
例2:He said, “I will finish the work tomorrow.”
He said that he would finish the work the next day.
例3:Our teacher said, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
从上面的例子我们可以看出, 转化后的间接引语与原句有着明显的区别, 从标点符号、时态、人称等方面看, 我们可总结为:去掉引号加that;人称变化要灵活 (一主二宾三不变) , 宾语若是不存在, 活用代词I, my, me (we, our, us) ;时态向后退一步, 状语变化背表格。在直接引语中的某些状语变为间接引语时, 课本上专门有一个变化表格。初学此语法时, 需要查看表格, 以后需要背下来。如果直接引语中所讲的是客观真理, 变成间接引语后不需要改变时态, 仍然用一般现在时, 如上例3。
二、含一般疑问句的直接引语变间接引语
例1:He asked me, “Did you see the film yesterday?”
He asked me if/whether I had seen the film the day before.
例2:She said to me, “Will you go to the park with me tomorrow?”
She asked me if/whether I would go to the park with her the next day.
例3:He asked me, “Do you like this old man?”
He asked me if/whether I liked that old man.
例4:He asked, “Have you been to Hong Kong?”
He asked me if/whether I had been to Hong Kong.
例5:He asked us, “Are you having a meeting now?”
He asked us if/whether we were having a meeting then.
例6:He asked, “Can they finish the work soon?”
He asked if/whether they could finish the work soon.
从以上的例子中不难看出, 疑问句的语序要变成陈述语序, 句末用句号。如果直接引语里用了said (said to) 要变成asked。间接引语要用whether或if引导。我们可把变化规律总结为:去掉引号加if (whether) ;陈述语序要牢记;时态人称和状语, 小心变化别马虎。
三、含特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语
把一个特殊疑问句变成间接引语时, 原句中的疑问词用作宾语从句的连接词。变化规则如下:直接去引号, 陈述莫忘掉;小心助动词, 丢它最重要。
例1:He asked me, “when are you going to the Summer Palace?”
He asked me when I was going to the Summer Palace.
例2:My mother asked me, “what are you doing now?”
My mother asked me what I was doing then.
例3:The teacher asked me, “what does your mother do?”
The teacher asked me what my mother did.
四、含祈使句的直接引语变间接引语
如果直接引语的主句是said或said to, 变成间接引语时要用asked, told, ordered。祈使句中如有please, 变成间接引语时要去掉。祈使句是肯定句时, 前面要加to再加动词原形, 即动词不定式。祈使句若是否定句时, 在不定式的前面加上not。需要注意的是, 前面的三种句式变成间接引语后就是宾语从句, 而含祈使句的直接引语变成间接引语后, 是个简单句。变化规则可总结为:去掉引号要加to (肯定形式) ;ask, order要记住;直引若是否定式, not加在to前面。
例1:The teacher said to him, “please give me the book.”
The teacher asked him to give her that book.
例2:The teacher said to us, “please look at the blackboard.”
The teacher asked us to look at that blackboard.
例3:She told me, “please speak a little louder.”
She told me to speak a litle louder.
例4:He said to me, “please have a rest.”
He told me to have a rest.
例5:His mother said to him, “Don’t play in the street.”
His mother asked him not to play in the street.
具体用ask还是order, 可根据说话者的语气而定, 用的结构就是ask/order/tell sb. (not) to do sth.让/命令/告诉某人 (不要) 做某事。
以上四点就是直接引语如何转化成间接引语, 也可根据说话者的语气, 在转述别人的话时稍做改动, 但只要不影响交流, 也是允许的。学会了直接引语与间接引语的转化, 可加深学生对于宾语从句的理解。那么反之, 如果给出间接引语, 要求转化成直接引语, 也可参照以上几点来变。
英语间接引语 篇2
【学习指南】
直接引语就是直接地引用或复述别人的话，并放在引号内。间接引语则是说话人用自己的话转述他人的原话，被转述的内容不放在引号内。间接引语是说话者站在自己的角度进行转述，因此，不同的直接引语要用不同的句式来进行转述，且直接引语中的代词、动词的时态以及时间或地点状语都要有相应的变化，部分引述动词有时也需做适当的调整。
这些变化有一定的规则，但在具体运用时往往呈现复杂的情况。本章的学习重点是要掌握陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等由直接引语变为间接引语最基本的规则，特别是特殊疑问句转换成间接引语时的词序变化、时态的前后呼应以及规则以外的不同变化。准确地进行直接引语和间接引语的转换有助于我们准确地进行交际。
一、直接引语与间接引语的转换
在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，不仅句式上要有变化，而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。
1、引语转换时的句式变化
不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。
（1）陈述句的间接引语
将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。
He said, “I caught a cold yesterday.”
他说：“我昨天感冒了。”
He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.
他说他前天感冒了。
Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”
海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。”
Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams.
海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。
【点津坊】
在下列情况下，往往要保留that。
① that 的省略会产生歧义。
Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left.
琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。（如不用that，when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left）
② 当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时，第二个that不能省略。
He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。（第二个that不能省略）
（2）疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, inquire, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。
①一般疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导，某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句。
I asked him, “Are you satisfied with the results?”
我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？”
I asked him whether he was satisfied with the results.
我问他对这结果是否满意。
“Did you go to the British Museum yesterday?” asked Kate.
凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？”
Kate asked me if I had gone to the British Museum the day before.
凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。
The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?”
那位老人跟一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。”
The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel.
那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。
②选择疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为选择疑问句时，用连词whether/if…or…引导。
He said, “Are you interested in English or not?”
他说：“你是否对英语感兴趣?”
He asked (me) whether I was interested in English or not.
他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
“Do you like Chinese food or Japanese food?” he asked.
他问：“你喜欢中国食物还是日本食物？”
He asked whether / if I liked Chinese food or Japanese food.
他问我喜欢中国食物还是日本食物。
③特殊疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为特殊疑问句，转换为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
“What do you do in your free time?” he asked me.
他问我：“你业余时间干什么？”
He asked me what I did in my free time.
他问我业余时间做什么。
“Why did she go to America?” Paul asked.
保罗问：“她为什么去美国？”
Paul asked why she had gone to America.
保罗问她为什么去了美国。
【小帖士】
“What’s the matter with you?”和“What’s wrong with you?”改为间接引语时词序不变。
He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我出什么事了。
He asked me what was the matter with me. 他问我怎么了。
（3）祈使句的间接引语
直接引语如果是祈使句，变成间接引语后，叫间接祈使句。
①祈使句表示命令时，要把直接引语的动词say变成command, order, tell等动词，被转述的部分改为动词不定式。否定祈使句改为not to do结构。
“Stay where you are,” she said.
她说：“呆在原地。”
She told me to stay where I was.
她告诉我呆在原地。
“Don’t smoke in the room,” he said.
他说：“别在房间里抽烟。”
He told me not to smoke in the room.
她叫我别在房间里抽烟。
②祈使句表示请求时，常把直接引语的动词say变成ask, beg, request, urge等动词。
She said to me, “Please wait till I return, will you?”
她说：“请你一直等到我回来，好吗？”
She begged me to wait till she returned.
她请求我一直要等到她回来。
③以Let’s开头的祈使的句，通常将引述动词改为suggest，然后再接that从句。
John said to Bill, “Let’s go hiking tomorrow.”
约翰对比尔说，“我们明天去徒步旅行吧。”
John suggested to Bill that they (should) go hiking the next day.
约翰向比尔提议第二天去徒步旅行。
（4）感叹句的间接引语
直接引语是感叹句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接感叹句。间接感叹句多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，还可以根据句子表达的不同感情选用适当的动词和状语来转换。
He said, “What a beautiful view it is!”
他说：“多么漂亮的景色！”
He said that it was a very beautiful view.
他说景色非常漂亮。
He cried out what a beautiful view it was.
他大声说这景色是多么地漂亮。
She often says, “What a great country China is!”
她常说：“中国是一个多么伟大的国家！”
She often says that China is a very great country.
她常说中国是一个非常伟大的国家。
She often remarks with admiration (that) China is a great country.
她常常赞赏地说中国多么伟大
（5）并列句和复合句的间接引语
当转述的内容为并列句或复合句，或有两种以上的句子时，应根据不同的句式来选择不同的引述动词和连接词。
He said, “I told her to wait, but she went away.”
他说：“我告诉她等一下，但她还是走了。
He said (that) he had told her to wait but that she went away.
他说他已经告诉她等一下，但她还是走了。
She said, “It is cold here. Is the window shut?”
她说：“这儿很冷。窗户关了吗？”
She said that it was cold there and asked if the window was shut.
她说那儿很冷，并问窗户是否关了。
Fenwick said to me, “Go and see Robin. He will tell you everything you want to know.”
芬威克对我说：“去看看罗宾吧，他会告诉你想要知道的事情。”
Fenwick advised me to go and see Robin, and said that he would tell me everything I wanted to know.
芬威克建议我去看罗宾，因为他会告诉我想要知道的事情。
二、引语转换时的各种相应变化
直接引语转换成间接引语除了有句式的变化外，还要掌握动词时态、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和词序的变化。
（1）动词时态的变化
① 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
He says, “I have been writing a novel.”
他说：“我一直在写一本小说。”
He says that he has been writing a novel.
他说他一直在写一本小说。
② 如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：
直接引语时态 间接引语时态
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”
老师说：“你们干得很不错。”
The teacher said we were doing OK.
老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）
I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?”
我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”
I asked her where she had spent her holiday.
我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）
She said, “I went to Shanghai.”
她说：“我去过上海。”
She said that she had gone to Shanghai.
她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）
He said, “I had finished my work before 10 o’clock.”
他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”
He said that he had finished his work before 10 o’clock..
他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）
The mayor said: “The people of Beijing will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and fans from all over the world.”
这位市长说：“北京人民将准备点燃奥运火炬来迎接来自全世界的运动员和运动迷。”
The mayor said that the people of Beijing would be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and fans from all over the world.
这位市长说北京人民将准备点燃奥运火炬来迎接来自全世界的运动员和运动迷。（将来进行时变为过去将来进行时）
（2）情态动词的变化
在间接引语中，有些情态动词没有过去式，转换为间接引语时仍用原来的形式，或用其它表示法。
直接引语 间接引语
must （必然）（推测） must
mustn’t（禁止） mustn’t
must（必须） had to/ would have to
shall should
should should
will would
would would
may might
might might
can could
could could
dare dared
need need
ought to ought to
He said, “I really must go.”
他说：“我一定得走了。”
He said that he really must go.
他说他一定得走了。
“Must we hand in our exercise this afternoon?” he asked.
他问：“我们得今天下午交作业吗？”
He asked if they had to hand in the exercise that afternoon.
他问他们是否那天下午得交作业。
“You need not take an umbrella with you,” he said.
他说：“你不用带雨伞。”
He said that I need not take an umbrella with me.
他说我不用带雨伞。
【点津坊】
因为人称发生了变化，在直接引语中可用shall或should，而在间接引语中则用would。
“I should be glad to come.” “我会很愿意来的。”
He said he would be glad to come. 他说他会很愿意来。
（3）人称代词的变化
人称代词的变化要以转述者的立场作适当的改变。改变方式通常与汉语基本相同，即第一、三人称转换成第三人称；第二人称转换成第一、三人称。
“I’m fond of surfing the Internet,” he said.
他说：“我喜欢网上冲浪。”
He said he was fond of surfing the Internet.
他说他喜欢网上冲浪。
“You should pay more attention to your pronunciation,” the teacher said.
老师说：“你应该更注意你的发音。”
The teacher said that I should pay more attention to my pronunciation.
老师说我应该更注意我的发音。
【小帖士】
但如果说话人引述自己的话，人称代词不必改动。
I said, “ I had a good time at the party.” 我说：“我在晚会上玩得很开心。”
I said that I had had a good time at the party. 我说我在晚会上玩得很开心。
（4）指示代词的变化
在间接引语中，指示代词this转换成that，these转换成those。
He said, “Please show me this one.”
他说：“请拿这个给我看一下。”
He asked me to show him that one.
他要我拿那个给他看一下。
He said, “I’d like to see these sunglasses.”
他说：“我想看这些太阳镜”
He said that he wanted to see those sunglasses.
他说他想看那些太阳镜。
（5）时间状语和地点状语的变化
根据转述的时间和地点不同，时间状语和地点状语存在着较多的变化。
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
this morning/ afternoon/evening that morning / afternoon / evening
yesterday the day before, the previous day
yesterday morning /afternoon etc. the previous morning / afternoon etc.
the morning before, the afternoon before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day, the following day
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time, two days after
next week / month / year etc. the next week / month / year, etc.
the following week / month / year etc.
last night / month / year, etc. the previous night / month / year etc.
the night before, the month before etc.
two weeks / months / years ago the weeks before, two months before
now then
so far by then
in 1990 in 1990
here there
“We’ll leave here tomorrow,” he said.
他说：“我们明天离开这里。”
He said that they would leave there the next day.
他说他们将在第二天离开那里。
“I met him the day before yesterday,” she said.
她说：“我前天遇见过他。”
She said that she had met him two days before.
她说她前两天遇见过他。
(6) 间接引语的词序变化
直接引语为疑问句时，间接引语要把倒装词序变为正常词序。
He asked, “How did these differences come about?”
他问：“这些不同之处是如何产生的？”
He asked how those differences had come about.
他问那些不同之处是如何产生的。
“What is adventure travel?” he asked.
他问：“冒险旅游是什么？”
He asked what adventure travel was.
他问什么是冒险旅游。
【试题播报】
No one can be sure_________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
【分析】本题考查宾语从句的词序。宾语从句引导词为what，充当介词like的宾语，先排除C项。B和D的词序仍是疑问句的倒装词序。故本题正确答案是A。
二. 引语转换应注意的事项
直接引语转换成间接引语要遵循一些最基本的规则，特别是时态的前后呼应及人称代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化。掌握好一些“变化”和“不变化”的规则，有助于准确地进行交际。
1、时态不用变化
如果引述动词为过去式时，间接引语中动词的形式则在下列情况下不用变化：
①直接引语如果是表达客观真理、格言时。
He said, “Well done is better than well said.” 他说：“说得好不如做得好。”
He said that well done is better than well said. 他说说得好不如做得好。
②直接引语中谓语动词如是虚拟语气，变成间接引语后仍用原来形式。
“I advise that you stop smoking,” the doctor said. 医生说：“我劝你戒烟。”
The doctor advised that he stop smoking. 医生劝他戒烟。
③直接引语中的谓语动词与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语时态可不变。
He told me, “Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 1993.”
他告诉我：“《侏罗纪公园》是斯皮尔伯格于1993年拍摄的。”
He told me that Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 1993.
他告诉我《侏罗纪公园》是斯皮尔伯格于1993年拍摄的。
④直接引语中的时间状语为过去时形式，引语中状语从句的谓语动词时态通常不变。
Mr. Smith said, “When we lived in that city, we often met each other.”
史密斯先生说：“当我们住在那个城市时，我们经常见面。”
Mr. Smith said that when they lived in that city they had often met each other.
史密斯先生说当他们住在那个城市时，他们经常见面。
⑤当引语表达的动作或状态现在仍然存在时，从句的谓语动词可不用变化。
Our teacher said, “Eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.”
我们老师说：“生态旅游是一种结合一般旅游和学习的旅游。”
Our teacher said that eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.
我们老师说生态旅游是一种结合一般旅游和学习的旅游。
⑥当引述动词用现在时形式时，引语中的时态不须改动。
He says, “I have accepted her invitation.” 他说：“我已经接受她的邀请了。”
He says that he has accepted her invitation. 他说他已经接受她的邀请了。
2、时间状语、地点状语不用变化
①如果说话时间和引述时间相同（如同一天，同一月等），时间状语可不变。
“I finished writing my paper yesterday,” he said today.
他今天说：“我昨天写完论文了。”
He told me today that he finished writing the paper yesterday.
他今天说他昨天写完论文了。
②转述的地点不变时，地点状语here不必改为there。
He said, “I enjoy my stay here.”
他说：“我在这里逗留期间玩得很开心。”
He said that he enjoyed his stay here.
他说他在这里逗留期间玩得很开心。
3、引述动词的变化
为了让表达更丰富多彩一些，引述动词除了常见的tell，ask，say外，根据不同句式还可以选用下列动词：
句式 常见的引述动词
祈使句 表请求 ask, beg, request
表命令 command, order, tell
表建议 suggest, advise
表提醒 remind
表提供帮助 offer
疑问句 一般语体 ask, wonder, want to know
正式语体 inquire / enquire
感叹句 cry, shout, exclaim, call out, admit, wish…
陈述句 带双宾语
（可用for改写） bring, buy, choose, cook, do, fetch, get, leave, make,
order, paint, play, reach, save, spare…
带双宾语
（可用to 改写） bring, deny, do, give, grant, hand, lead, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, return, sell, send, show, take, tell, throw, write…
The boy said to his mother, “I’ll never smoke again.”
那男孩子对他母亲说：“今后我决不再吸烟了。”
The boy promised his mother never to smoke again.
那男孩向他母亲保证不再吸烟。
“Call the police, Sean,” he said.
他说：“肖恩，叫警察。”
He ordered Sean to call the police.
他命令肖恩叫警察。（表命令的祈使句）
“Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way home,” said Mother.
妈妈说：“别忘了在回家的路上帮我买些番茄汁。“
Mother reminded me not to forget to buy her some ketchup on my way home.
妈妈提醒我别忘了在回家路上帮她买些番茄汁。（表提醒的祈使句）
“Shall I post these letters for you?” he asked.
他问：“要我帮忙把这些信寄出去吗？”
He offered to post those letters for me.
他提出要帮我寄出那些信。（表提供帮助的祈使句）
“Does she really mean it?” he asked.
他问：“她真的是这个意思吗？”
He wondered / wanted to know whether/ if she really meant it.
他想知道她是否真的是这意思。（疑问句）
4、间接引语的句式变化
为了使表达更生动，更准确，我们在进行直接引语和间接引语转换时，可注意使用不同的句式，这对提高我们表达能力的档次很有帮助。
“Merry Christmas!” he said.
他说：“圣诞快乐！”
He wished me a merry Christmas.
他祝我圣诞快乐。
“Help!” he cried.
他喊道：“救命啊！“
He called for help.
他大声呼救。
Mr. Wu said to them, “You’d better make preparations for the exam.”
吴老师对他们说：“你们最好为考试做准备。”
Mr. Wu advised them to make preparations for the exam.
吴老师劝他们为考试做好准备。
He said, “I did break the window.”
他说：“我的确打烂了那个玻璃窗。”
He admitted having broken the window. 他承认打烂了那个玻璃窗。
“Don’t walk on the ice. It isn’t safe,” Mother said to us.
妈妈对我们说：“不要在冰上行走，不安全！”
Mother warned us not to walk on the ice since it wasn’t safe.
妈妈告诫我们不要在冰上行走因为不安全。
“Have a cigarette,” he said. “No, thanks,” I replied.
“抽只烟吧？”他说。“不，谢谢！”我回答道。
He offered me a cigarette which I refused.
他给我一只烟，我谢绝了。
【训练大本营】
一、选择填空
1. He asked _________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice had put D. where has Alice put
3. These photos will show you __________.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how our village look like D. how our village looks like
4. You can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
5. ______ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _________ to go or not.
A. What, if B. That, whether
C. What, whether D. What, whichever
6. I’ll ask my parents _________.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
7. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don’t know ________ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that
C. how D. if
8. He asked me if _____________.
A. the train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here
9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _______ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be B. has been
C. had been D. was
10. –Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
---Where was I?
---You _______ you didn’t like your father’s job.
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
二、把下列直接引语变成间接引语
1. “You have done a good job,” said the teacher.
2. He said, “I’ll help you with it later.”
3. “Be careful with the dog,” I said.
4. “Are you sure about this?” ha asked.
5. She asked, “What’s the matter with you?”
6. He said, “We met in . We have been friends for two years.”
7. He asked, “Alice, where did you buy it?”
8. “How wonderful the journey is!” he said.
9. “Tom, don’t forget to take your raincoat,” he said.
10. “Why do you come so late?” Mary asked.
三、翻译下列句子
1．他叫我别打扰他。
2． 我坚决主张推迟这次运动会。
3． 我怀疑他们的旅行是否舒适。
4． 老师说过患难之交才是真朋友。
5． 她认为他们一定已经离开了。
6． 苏珊问我对这出戏的看法。
7． 他问我能否帮他搬那个行李箱。
8． 他告诉我们他第二天就要到北京去。
参考答案
一、1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C
二、
1.The teacher said that I had done a good job.
2. He said that he would help me with it later.
3. I warned him to be careful with the dog.
4. He asked me if I was sure about that.
5. She asked what was the matter with me.
6. He said that they met in 2002 and that they had been friends for two years.
7. He asked where Alice bought it.
8. He said that the journey was wonderful.
He exclaimed how wonderful the journey was.
9. He reminded Tom to take his raincoat.
10. Marry wanted to know why he came so late.
三、
1. He asked me not to disturb him.
2. I insisted that the sports meeting (should) be put off.
I insisted on putting off the sports meeting.
3. I doubt whether / if their journey is a comfortable one.
4. The teacher said a friend in need is a friend indeed.
5. She thought that they must have left.
6. Susan asked how I liked the play.
7. He asked me to help him with his suitcase.
He asked me if I could help him with his suitcase.
8. He told us that he was leaving for Beijing the next / following day.
直接引语与间接引语 篇3
当我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,被引用部分称为直接引语;也可以用自己的话转述别人的意思,被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。直接引语变为间接引语时，须在时态及代词、状语等方面作一些必要的调整。
(二)时态的变化
1.如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态，直接引语变间接引语时谓语动词一般按下列规律进行变化
例如：
“Shes preparing her lessons,” I said. 我说：“她正在准备功课。”
→I said (that) she was preparing her lessons. 我说她正在准备功课。
I said to them, “Hell get excited.” 我对他们说：“他会兴奋的。”
→I told them (that) he would get excited. 我告诉他们他会兴奋的。
He said to me, “Jane spent all her time doing that.”
他对我说：“简花了她全部的时间做那件事。”
→He told me (that) Jane had spent all her time doing that.
他告诉我简花了她全部的时间做那件事。
2.直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如果与一个具体的表示过去的时间(如in 2005, last week等)连用，在变为间接引语时时态可以不变
My father said to me, “I read the book in 1998.”
我父亲对我说：“我1998年读过这本书。”
My father told me (that) he read the book in 1998.
我父亲对我说他于1998年读过这本书。
3.直接引语表达的意思是客观真理或习惯性动作时，在变为间接引语时时态可以不变
The geography teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”
地理老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”
The geography teacher told us (that) the earth turns around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
(三)代词的变化
代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变化。例如：
“Sorry, Ive broken your CD player,” he said to me.
他对我说：“对不起，我把你的CD播放器弄坏了。”
→He told me (that) he had broken my CD player.
他告诉我他把我的CD播放器弄坏了。
[注意]this, these要相应地变为that, those。
(四)状语的变化
例如：
“Ill come and see you again this evening, Dave,” he said.
他说：“戴夫，我今天晚上再来看你。”
→He told Dave (that) he would go and see him again that evening.
他告诉戴夫他那天晚上再去看他。
[注意]动词come根据情况相应地变为go。有时，在间接引语的意义不会引起误解的情况下，状语也可以不变。
(五)直接引语为陈述句时的变化
当直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语常由that引导(口语中常可省略)，引述动词常用say, tell等。同时，根据主句的情况，间接引语应在人称、时态及其他方面作相应的变化。例如：
The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class tomorrow.” 老师说：“约翰，你明天必须把书带到班上来。”
→The teacher told John (that) he must bring his book to the class the following day. 老师告诉约翰第二天必须把他的书带到班上去。
He said, “I like this book.” 他说：“我喜欢这本书。”
→He said (that) he liked that book. 他说他喜欢那本书。
He said, “I saw her yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天看见她了。”
→He said (that) he saw her the day before. 他说他前一天看见她了。
(六)直接引语为疑问句时的变化
当直接引语是疑问句时，除注意人称、时态和状语等方面的变化外，还要注意：间接引语中要用陈述句的语序；特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词引导从句；一般、选择和反意疑问句在间接引语前加连词whether/if引导。例如：
She asked, “What is it? Whats going to happen now?”
她问：“那是什么？又要发生什么事？”
→She asked what it was and what was going to happen then.
她问那是什么，又要发生什么事。
The boy was wondering, “How does the computer work?”
那个男孩想知道: “电脑是怎样工作的？”
→The boy was wondering how the computer worked.
那个男孩想知道电脑是怎样工作的。
“Why do you speak English so fluently?” I said to him.
我对他说：“你为什么英语说得那么流利？”
→I asked him why he spoke English so fluently.
我问他为什么他的英语说得那么流利。
“Is there anything wrong, Madam?” asked the policeman.
警察问：“夫人，出什么事了吗？”
→The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was anything wrong. 警察问那位妇女是否出什么事了。
“Its Mary, isnt it?” asked Jane. 简问道：“那个人是玛丽，对吗？”
Jane asked whether it was Mary or not. 简问那个人是不是玛丽。
(七)直接引语为祈使句时的变化
当直接引语为祈使句时，主句中的谓语动词在变化时往往根据直接引语中的语气而改用ask, tell, order等动词，直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。例如：
“Please explain why youre two and a half hours late,” the boss said. 老板说：“请解释一下你为什么迟到了两个半小时。”
→The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late. 老板要他解释一下为什么迟到两个半小时。
“Dont give up!” Father shouted to him. 父亲对他喊道:“不要放弃!”
→Father told him not to give up. 父亲告诉他不要放弃。
“Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students. 老师对学生们说:“半小时内把一切都准备好。”
→The teacher ordered the students to get everything ready in half an hour. 老师命令学生们在半小时内把一切都准备好。
对应练习
1. Where was Alices sister? →I dont know where ____.
A. was Alices sisterB. Alices sister was
C. is Alices sisterD. Alices sister is
2. What did he say? →I dont know what ____.
A. did he sayB. he saysC. he has saidD. he said
3. I dont know ____.
A. the reason why can beB. why the reason may be
C. what the reason can beD. the reason may be
4. I wonder ____. Which of the following is not the right choice?
A. whether she will be fit for the job or not
B. whether or not she will be fit for the job
C. if she will be fit for the job
D. what she will be fit for the job
5. Is Mr Wu from Beijing? →I dont know ____.
A. where does he come fromB. from where does he come
C. which city he comes fromD. what city does he come from
6. Can you make sure ____?
A. that he will come here today
B. when he will come here today
C. will he come here today
D. whether will he come here today
7. Do you happen to know ____?
A. where is her addressB. in which place is her addressC. what her address isD. the place her address is
8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ____?
A. where can I get to the libraryB. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the libraryD. how I can get to the library
9. John asked me ____ to visit his uncles farm with him.
A. how would I likeB. if or not would I like
C. whether I would likeD. which I would like
10. Id like to know ____ Chinese.
A. when he began to learn
B. when did he begin to learn
C. when did he begin learning
D. for how long he began to learnKey(2)
小议直接引语和间接引语 篇4
一、找准引导词, 关键第一步
直接引语变为间接引语时, 引导词共有三种: (1) that; (2) if/whether; (3) 疑问词。
当直接引语为陈述句时, 变为间接引语时引导词用that。例如:
The doctor says: “The patient must take the medicine three times a day.”
→The doctor says (that) the patient must take the medicine three times a day.
当直接引语为一般疑问句时, 变为间接引语时用if或whether。例如:
Maria asked:“Do you still want to live here, Tom?”
→Maria asked Tom if/whether he still wanted to live there.
当直接引语为特殊疑问句时, 变为间接引语时用本身的疑问词。例如:
Li Ping asked me, “What are you doing?”
→Li Ping asked me what I was doing.
二、陈述句语序
在直接引语变为间接引语时, 直接引语无论是陈述句或疑问句, 一律都用陈述句语序。例如:
The teacher asks Jane, “Are you hungry?”
→The teacher asks Jane if/whether she is hungry.
当间接引语的疑问词作主语时, 语序不变。例如:
She asked us:“Who is knocking at the door?”
→She asked us who is knocking at the door.
三、人称的变化
直接引语为第三人称, 变为间接引语后, 人称不变;主语为其他人称 (第一, 第二人称) , 变为间接引语后, 人称要做相应调整。例如:
Tom thinks, “He isn’t good at English.”→Tom thinks that he isn’t good at English.由此可总结出人称变化的规律 :一随主 ; 二随宾;三不变。其中一, 二, 三分别指直接引语中的第一, 第二, 第三人称;主宾分别指主句中的主语和宾语。
四、时态的转化
主句是一般现在时或将来时, 间接引语的时态不变。主句是一般过去时, 间接引语一般改成过去的某种时态。具体情况可参照下面表格中的规律。
现举例说明:He says:“I’m tired.”
→He says (that) he is tired.
要特别注意的是:不管主句是什么时态, 直接引语表示自然科学和客观真理之类的, 改成间接引语时均用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.
→The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. shall should now today then that day
五、关键词的转换
当直接引语转化为间接引语时, 直接引语中的指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及某些词都会发生相应的变化, 其规律一般是：
注意:如果在当天转述, today, yesterday, tomorrow, there, come等不要改变。
现举例说明:Jane said:“These exercises are easy.”
→Jane said (that) those exercises were easy.
六、特殊句型, 特别对待
1.当祈使句变为间接引语时, 要用不定式表示, 句型为ask (tell, order) sb. (not) to do sth.。 例如:He said to her:“Don’t openthe door.”
→He told her not to open the door.
2.带 有let的 祈使句 (表请求 、建议或命令 ) 变为间接引语 时, 主语后用其他动词表示相应的意思。 例如:He said:“Let’smake a plan.”
→He suggested making a plan.
→He advised them to make a plan.
七、引述动词
直接引语为陈述句, 改为间接引语时, 引述动词常用say, tell等。直接引语为疑问句, 变成间接引语时引述动词常用ask, wonder等。
直接引语变间接引语练习题 篇5
2.She asked me, “Is this book yours or his?”
3.The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
4.She said, “He will be busy.”
5.She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
6.The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
7.My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
8.The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”
9.He said, “We are still students.”
10.He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”
11.He said, “I have studied English since .”
12.I said to him, “I have finished it.”
13.She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
14.“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Jane?” the young man asked.
15.“I have gotten the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.
16.“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.
17.“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.
聚焦直接引语与间接引语 篇6
1． 时态的变化：
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时或不变
一般将来时过去将来时
【考点拓展】 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said in class, “The moon moves around the earth.” → The teacher said in class that the moon moves around the earth.
2． 人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，人称代词要从转述者的角度作相应的变动。
He said to me , “ I met your brother.” → He told me that he had met my brother .
【考点拓展】 如果说话者转述自己的话，人称不变。
I said to her , “ I have done my best .” →I told her that I had done my best .
3． 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和少数动词等的变化
二、 各种句式的直接引语变间接引语：
(1) 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语，要把陈述句改为由that引导的宾语从句,并且that可以省略。
The manager said to me, “You must go there next week.” →The manager told me (that)I had to go there the next week.
(2) 直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语，要把一般疑问句改为由if 或whether引导的宾语从句,并且时态等要作相应变化。
The teacher asked, “Has she read enough this week?” → The teacher asked whether/if she had read enough that week.
(3) 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语，要把特殊疑问句改为由疑问词(who,what, how, why , when , where引导的宾语从句, 要把疑问句的语序改为用陈述句语序，并且时态等要作相应变化。
The villager said, “Who had they taken away when it got dark?” →The villager asked who they had taken away when it got dark.
(4) 直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语，要把祈使句改为不定式短语形式，同时根据语气选用适当的谓语动词，动词常是ask / tell / order / advise / beg等。
The teacher said to the boys, “Pay attention to this.” →The teacher told the boys to pay attention to that.
The mother said, “Doctor, please save my son.” →The mother asked the doctor to save her son.
(5) 以Let’s 开头的祈使句变间接引语，要选用“suggest +动名词或+that从句”或advise sb + to do sth 或 + that从句。
I said to him, “Let’s start at once.” → I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.
(6) 将感叹句变为间接引语可用what 或how引导也可用that引导。
He said: “How fast he runs!” →He said how fast he ran.
Or: He said that he ran fast.
【巩固练习】
请选出最佳答案。
1． I shall tell him, “I have written to you and her twice.”
I shall tell him that_______have written to and_______twice.
A. I; him; herB. you; him; her
C. I; you; meD. you; me; her
2． Tom said to me,“ You look worried today.”
Tom told me that_______worried_______.
A. he looks; today
B. you look; today
C. we looked; that day
D. I looked; that day
3． The man thought,“ I shall take it back tomorrow.”
The man thought that_______take it back _______.
A. I shall; tomorrow
B. I shall; the next day
C. he should; tomorrow
D. he would ; the next day
4． —I’m going away for the weekend.
—But you_______you_______out to dinner with me.
A. say; will come
B. say; come
C. said; would come
D. had said; will come
5． Catherine said, “ What did he hear about a week ago ?”
Catherine asked_______about_______.
A. that he heard; a week ago
B. if he heard; the week ago
C. what he had heard; a week ago
D. what he had heard; the week before
6． She asked,“ Whose house will he break into next time?”
She asked whose house_______break into_______.
A. will he; next time
B. would he; the next time
C. he will; next time
D. he would; the next time
7． The teacher asked her, “Does the sun set in the west ?”
The teacher asked her_______the sun_______in the west.
A. if; setB. if; setted
C. whether; setsD. whether did; set
8． He said, “Catherine, introduce yourself to them, please.”
He_______Catherine_______to them.
A. asked; to introduce yourself
B. asked; to introduce herself
C. told; introduce yourself
D. ordered; introduce herself
9． He said to the soldiers, “Put down your guns at once.”
He_______the soldiers_______down_______guns at once.
A. ordered; to put; their
B. told; to put; their
C. ordered; put; your
D. told; put; your
10． She told me that her mother_______for several days.
A. has been illB. had been ill
C. is illD. was ill
11． “My brother joined the army in 1996.”Said Lucy.
Lucy said that her brother_______the Party in 1996.
A. joinedB. had joined
C. would joinD. joins
12． She said to us, “_______”
A. Not to make fun of me
B. Don’t to make fun of me
C. Never make fun of me
D. Not make fun of me
13． “Would you like coffee or tea?” asked Mother.
Mother asked me_______.
A. if I would like coffee and tea
B. if would I like coffee or tea
C. whether I would like coffee or tea
D. whether would I like coffer or tea
14． He didn’t tell me_______or go home.
A. whether to wait
B. if to wait
C. to wait
D. if that she shout to wait
15． He suggested_______the umbrella at the door.
A. to leaveB. to let leave
C. leavingD. to let
英语间接引语 篇7
交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语(The Direct Speech)，另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语(TheIndirect Speech) 。
二、例句加总结突破直接引语与间接引语的转化的“七关”
（一）标点符号关。
这一关容易过，多数学生能迅速掌握。
（二）语序关。
不管直接引语中是陈述还是疑问语序，在间接引语中语序都是陈述语序。语序关说来简单，但在实际操作中很多学生总是疏忽这一点，可以先看语序问题，有很多单选题只看语序就得到答案。如：
He asked____for the violin.
A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much
C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid
突破：本题中的主句动词是ask，说明有疑问，排除B，再从语序就直接可选D了，既省时，正确率又高。
（三）主句谓语动词的变化关。
say (to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。
（四）连接词的变化关。
下面表格能让学生清晰掌握连接词的变化。
也可以用以下口诀强调记忆：(1)直引若是一般问，变间if/whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。(2)直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。(3)直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。told, asked, ordered，根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句，not to do后边行。
（五）时态的变化关。
时态关是重要一关，只有找到规律才可突破。间接引语中的时态一般向过去推一个时态。具体如下：
（六）人称代词的变化关。
此关规则是“一主二宾三不变。”具体如下：
（七）指示代词、地点副词、动词、时间状语的变化关。
此关中，时间状语的变化是难点，为突破这个难点，需要总结规律：现在的时间在前面加the，如：today———that day;过去的时间在后面加before，如：last week———the week before;将来的时间在前面加the。
三、巩固练习
1.The teacher told the boy students____football on the grass.
A.not play B.not to play C.played D.playing
分析:此题考的是祈使句变间接引语, 在动词play前加to若是否定就在该动词前加not故选B。
2.She looks sad.Could you please tell me____that prevents her from being as happy as before?
A.what it is B.it is what C.how it is D.it is how
分析:此题考查语序, tell me后面是强调句型强调主语, 而how是不作主语的, 故选A。
3.You said to me, “I saw the film two days ago.”
You told me that you had seen the film.
A.two days B.two days before
C.two days ago D.yesterday
英语间接引语 篇8
我问朋友：“你什么时候去北京?”
我问朋友什么时候去北京。
在交际中，经常出现需要将直接引语转换成间接引语的情况。教师在教授这一内容时，可以参考以下三个原则。
一、精讲多练原则
精讲是指讲解时简要叙述直接引语变间接引语的一般规则。在具体操作时，教师可先让学生回顾前面课本中学过的直接引语与间接引语，然后引导学生说出直接引语变间接引语的一般规律。之后，教师点出变化时需注意的一些事项。俄语直接引语变成间接引语时，人称代词、物主代词和动词谓语的人称形式都要发生一些变化。其中人称变化是难点，学生往往把握不准应变成第几人称。笔者在讲述时，编了一句顺口溜“一随主，二随补，第三人称不变属”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如原直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰的话，那么变为间接引语时，从句中的人称就要按照引号外主语的人称变化。如：
“二随补”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若原直接引语中的主语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰的话，那么从句中的人称就要跟引号外补语的人称保持一致。如：
“第三人称不变属”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，则从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：
记住这句顺口溜，学生就会很容易地掌握直接引语变间接引语时人称变化的规则。此后教师可布置一些练习。除教材上的练习外，教师还可设计一些场景，让学生分组完成。教师则在旁边加以指导，及时解决出现的问题。
二、方法多样原则
除口头简要讲述变化的一般规则外，教师也可以采取其他的方法讲解。如俄语中直接引语标点符号的用法规则较为繁琐，单靠口头讲解学生难以记忆，且容易混淆。如何能让学生更快、更准确地记忆这些规则呢?笔者在讲述这部分内容时采取了画简明示意图的办法。画图之前首先向学生介绍了缩写的含义：п———прямаяречь，а———авторскаяречь.如大写П，А则代表句子中首字母需大写。之后在黑板上写出：
此示意图表示直接引语在引用者的话在之后时，引用者的话首字母大写，之后用冒号，直接引语放在引号内且引语的首字母大写;直接引语之末如为句号，则应标在引号之外，若为问号和感叹号则需标在引号内。由此示意图可看出，原文需要几十字解释的内容，简简单单几个字母就表示出来了，而且直观、形象，有利于记忆。
之后教师利用投影仪演示大量直接引语实例，要求学生自己总结、画出直接引语在引用者的话之前、直接引语在引用者的话中间、引用者的话在直接引语中间和缺少引用者的话时标点使用情况示意图。学生完成任务之后，教师要对学生所画的示意图进行检查，指出错误，并演示正确的图解。
让学生自己总结规律能充分发挥他们的学习主动性，而且自己总结、画图记忆更清晰，理解也更深刻。
三、贴近实际原则
直接引语转换为间接引语多应用在转述具有一定情节、出现对话的场景中，因而设置练习时教师应以实例为主，激发学生的兴趣，开展互动式教学。笔者主要采取了两种练习方式。
第一，转述电影片段中男女主人公的对话。
笔者截取了电影《命运的捉弄》中的一个片段(约2分钟)：新年夜，女主人公回家后发现床上躺着一个陌生的男子，叫醒该男子后与其发生的一段对话。笔者选取这一片段的原因有二：其一，该段情节性强，学生即使没有看过整部电影，也可理解所说内容;其二，所选片段语言简单，贴近生活，二年级学生可以很容易听懂。反复播放该片段3次后，教师请两名同学(一男一女)分别以男女主人公的身份转述该片段的大致内容。
第二，分组完成教师所布置的场景任务。
教师将学生每3人(A、B、C)分成一组，布置每组完成不同的任务。场景一：明天将上映一部新俄语电影，A邀请B去看这部电影。教师要求每人从自己的角度做出表述。
如从A的角度：
所设置的场景应尽量贴近学生生活，如邀请一起去食堂吃饭、询问考试几点或图书馆什么时候开放等。因所设置场景学生很熟悉，他们可以参与其中，从而感觉到学到的知识可以在生活中使用，这样便产生了学习兴趣，并萌生出强烈求知欲望和创新意识。
除了以上两种方式的练习外，教师也可让学生尝试将前面所学的课文内容进行转述。俄语直接引语与间接引语的转换出现在《大学俄语·东方3》第四课的语法中，而该课的主课文《Яжурналист》中出现多处作者与他人(编辑、父母等)的对话。只要适当加以利用，就可以成为很好的练习材料。这样既可以让学生主动地把前面的知识与练习相结合，又可以巩固他们对课文内容及语法规则的掌握。
参考文献
[1]张会森.最新俄语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2002.
[2]王军等.东方.大学俄语3[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002.
[3]王辉.如何教学生学习直接引语变间接引语[J].职业与教育, 2008, (1) :35.
英语间接引语 篇9
关于直接引语和间接引语的转换,我们要记好以下“三三”原则:从英语句型的角度看,被转述的句子分陈述句、疑问句和祈使句;从转化的变化来看,重点是人称、时态和状语的变化;从转化的情形来看,主要是“下级”向“上级”传达,“听觉好”的向“听觉不好”的传达,以及“自我反思”时候的回顾。下面分别加以叙述:
陈述句
将陈述句直接引语转换为间接引语时,只要记住“一连五变五不变”,便可万无一失。“一连”即一个连接词that; “五变”即人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词做相应的变化;“五不变”是指五种时态不变的情况。
(1) “一连”
that用于连接直接引语变间接引语后的宾语从句,在口语中常可省略不用。主句引述动词主要为say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,
think等。如:
Amy said,“I won’t lose heart.”
→Amy said (that) she wouldn’t lose heart.
(2) “五变”
① 人称的变化
直接引语中的代词变为间接引语时,要根据句意情景进行变化,一般来说是“一主二宾三不变”。
“一主”是指直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时,须与主句的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
I said,“I can’t wait to see what Africa is like.”
→I said I couldn’t wait to see what Africa was like.
“二宾”是指直接引语的第二人称变为间接引语时,须与主句中的宾语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
Mr. Smith told Jack,“You’ve won the first place in the singing contest.”
→Mr. Smith told Jack that he had won the first place in the singing contest.
“三不变”是指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时人称不变。如:
Mary told me,“Mike is feeling much better.”
→Mary told me that Mike was feeling much better.
② 时态的变化
间接引语的时态应根据主句时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示:
请观察下列直接引语与间接引语之间的变化:
1. The girl said,“I’m sorry for being late for class.”
→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
2. He said,“I have worked out the maths problem.”
→He said that he had worked out the maths problem.
3. “I have been waiting for an hour but he still hasn’t turned up.” she complained.
→She complained that she had been waiting for an hour but he still hadn’t turned up.
4. The big big wolf said,“I’ll be back again.”
→The big big wolf said that he would be back again.
③ 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化如下表所示:
(3) “五不变”
一般来说当直接引语在转换为间接引语时,被转述的话依然有效时或在当时、当地转述时,常常不改变时态。具体有以下几种情况:
① 直接引语有确定的过去时间。
The book said,“Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty on January 23,1368 and selected Nanjing as its capital.”
→The book said that Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty on January 23,1368 and selected Nanjing as its capital.
② 只着眼于转述事实,而不侧重动作先于转述动作的时间。
Alice said,“I found the city greatly changed.”
→Alice said that she found the city greatly changed.
③ 强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时。
Mom said,“I’ll be back tomorrow.”
→Mom said that she will be back tomorrow.
④ 当直接引语表示真理或经常性的特点时。
Our teacher said,“Light travels faster than sound.”
→Our teacher said light travels faster than sound.
⑤ 当直接引语是虚拟语气时。
James Bond said to his partner,“It’s time they were taught a lesson.”
→James Bond told his partner that it’s time they were taught a lesson.
疑问句
如果直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句,转为间接引语时须改为由if/whether引导的宾语从句;若是选择疑问句则须用whether...or...,习惯上很少用if...or...引导宾语从句;特殊疑问句采用疑问词作连词来引导宾语从句。注意点:词序(陈述句)。如:
Our head teacher asked me,“Do you remember your parents’ birthday?”
→Our head teacher asked me if/whether I remembered my parents’ birthday.
祈使句
祈使句变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式,作宾语补足语,原主句引述动词say须改为ask,beg,tell,warn,advise,order等能带复合宾语的动词。根据说话人的语气,分“请求”或“命令”,转述时应灵活选用。表示“请求”的动词有ask,beg等;表示“命令”时,选用order,tell等动词。如:
The mother said to the son,“Never throw your things about.”
→The mother told the son never to throw his things about.
自我检测
一、 以下是电影《狮子王》中的一段对白,请你把下列直接引语的句子改成相应的间接引语形式。
Scar: Life’s not fair. I... shall never be King.
Zazu: Didn’t your mother ever tell you not to play with your food?
Scar: What do you want?
Zazu: I’m here to announce that King Mufasa is on his way. So you’d better have a good excuse for missing the ceremony this morning.
Scar: Zazu,you’ve made me lose my lunch.
Zazu: Hah!You’ll lose more than that when the King gets through with you.
二、 单项选择
1. Would you please tell me ________?
A. when he came back
B. when did he come back
C. whether would he come back
D. when does he come back
2. Jim asked Lucy ________ feed their cat.
A. didn’t forget to
B. isn’t forget to
C. not to forget to
D. not forget to
3. These pictures will show you ________.
A. what does our hometown look like
B. what our hometown looks like
C. how does our hometown look like
D. how our hometown looks like
4. I’d like to know ________ Japanese.
A. when you began to learn
B. when did you begin to learn
C. when did you begin learning
D. for how long you began to learn
5. Excuse me,but can you tell me ________?
A. where can I get to the library
B. where I can get to the library
C. how can I get to the library
D. how I can get to the library
6. Can you make sure ________?
A. that he will come here today
B. when he will come here today
C. will he come here today
D. whether will he come here today
7. Amy is eager to know ________ to help lose weight.
A. what to do
B. how could she do
C. whether she can do
D. what can she did
8. —What did the salesman say?
______ —The salesman asked you to read what some of your customers said.
______ —Sorry?
______ —The salesman said,“ ________”
A. What did some of your customers read?
B. how did some of your customers say it?
C. Read what some of your customers say.
D. Must you read what some of your customers said?
参考答案
一、
Scar told Zazu that life was not fair and he should never be King.
Zazu asked Scar whether his mother had ever told him not to play with his food.
Scar asked Zazu what he wanted.
Zazu said that he was there to announce that King Mufasa was on his way. And he advised Scar to have a good excuse for missing the ceremony that morning.
Scar told Zazu that he had made him lose his lunch.
Zazu told Scar that he would lose more than that when the King got through with him.