考研英语应用文

2024-09-19

考研英语应用文(精选8篇)

考研英语应用文 篇1

考研英语应用文(书信小作文)结构模板与应用

第一类 祝贺信

A.内容框架

表示祝贺,为之高兴;

祝贺缘由,劳有所获;

寄予期望,取得更大成就;

再次祝贺。

B.范文解析

Dear Zhang Jian,I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on your admission to Beijing University as a postgraduate.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into your major study.I

am delighted that the four years of your study has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you

will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research

work.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

C.祝贺信框架

Dear XX,I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on….During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into….I am delighted

that the four years of your effort has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第二类 投诉信

A.基本结构

第一段: 自我介绍,陈述事由,提出建议;

第二段: 投诉细节(补救细节);

第三段: 期待改进。

B.投诉信框架

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern,I am xxx who….I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about…(投诉信).具体事由.To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures.To begin with,…细节一;Moreover, …细节二。

We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第三类 申请信

A.基本结构框架

告知信息来源及写信目的;

突出重点的自我介绍(专业,学习成绩,英语水平,学习能力,性格及合作精神); 附简历;

表示感谢。

B.2006 年 Part A 真题及解析(申请信&请求信)

To Whom It May Concern,I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of fin ancial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation。

I am willing to give fin ancial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive

education in poverty-stricken area.I would like to help two kinds of children:first ,those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees, and second, those whose academic

performance in school is excellent.I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary fin ancial aid required to accomplish my goal.I would also like to be kept informed as to the academic progress of each student every term.I have not doubt(There is not doubt)that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.Thank you for your consideration.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

C.常用模板框架

Dear Sir/Madam(or To Whom It May Concern),I learnt from the newspaper that you want an accountant and I would like to apply for the job.I am writing to apply for.....Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.Thank you for your time and consideration.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第四类 推荐信

A.结构框架

第一段: 写信目的,指出写信人和被推荐人的关系;

第二段: 推荐原因(品质,能力,性格等):多写优点肯定成绩;

第三段: 总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐(例如能胜任某项工作)。

B.范文

Dear sir/ Madam,It is with great pleasure that I recommend to you Zhang Jian, an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration.I have been in charge of Mr.Zhang’s class since they were freshmen, so I know his well.He is courteous, sincere and hardworking.He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability.And his excellent communication ability and a good

command of English add a lot to his managerial ski lls.I believe Zhang Jian is the right person for the position as an administrator in your company.I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff

member.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第五类 致歉信

A.基本结构和常用句型

第一段: 表明写信目的:道歉,阐述道歉原因;

第二段: 提出解决方法;

第三段: 再次道歉。

B.2008 Part A 真题及解析(致歉信):

Dear Bob,I am writing to express my apology to you.Several days ago, I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house.Unfortunately, after I came back from Canada, I found it in my luggage.I was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you.I will send it to you by post or express as soon as possible.If necessary, I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours,Li Ming

C.道歉信框架

Dear xx,I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to ….道歉理由。

Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess.To make up for the inconvenience caused, I would like to...补偿一。补偿二。

Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours,Li Ming

第六类 建议信

A.基本结构

第一段: 写信目的,自我介绍,赞扬在先,仍需改进;

第二段: 建议细节;

第三段: 期望改进,表示感谢。

B.2007 年 Part A 真题及解析(建议信)

To Whom It May Concern,I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend my spare time.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the

students are having classes, so they can’t come to the library.Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date.If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines,we will be very pleased.I really wish to have a more comfortable library.Thank you for your time and consideration.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

C.建议信框架

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern,I am xxx who….Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.To begin with,…建议一;Moreover, …建议二。

Thank you for your time and consideration.And I would like to extend my greatest

appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第七类 辞职信

A.基本结构和常用句型

写信目的表明要辞职;

给出辞职原因(兴趣,专业,性格);

感谢栽培并表示抱歉。

B.2005 年 Part A 真题及解析(辞职信):

Dear Mr.Wang,I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editor of your magazine for the reason of myself.Two months ago, I was accepted by the design and fashions as a member of it.I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around me.But during the span of working here, I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more peaceful life, such as a teacher.And you know that I am not an outgoing girl.I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not really like.So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.Please accept my apology.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

C.辞职信框架

Dear XX,I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as …(职位)for the reason of myself.During the span of working here, I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all

staff members around me.But I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because…理由(兴趣爱好专业).So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.Thank you very much for offering the opportunity to with an outstanding staff here.Please accept my apology.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第八类 慰问信

A.基本结构

表示同情,进行安慰;

鼓励其努力;

在此表示同情,并希望其早日复原。

B.范文解析

Dear Li Gang,I was really shocked and saddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief, but I would express my deepest sympathy.In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me.I hope you like it, and that it

will be useful at your present moment.What’s more, please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is

anything else I can do now and always.I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school.Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

C.慰问信框架

Dear XX,I was really shocked and saddened to hear of….There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief, but I would express my deepest sympathy.In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me.I hope you like it, and that it

will be useful at your present moment.What’s more, please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is

anything else I can do now and always.I do hope you will soon get well again.Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

第九类 告示类

A.文章结构

第一段: 通知目的;

第二段: 具体信息;

第三段: 联系方式、表示欢迎。

B.范文分析

Announcement

Jan.7, 2012

In order to improve students’ ability, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for a conference about globalization which will be held in the coming May.To begin with, the volunteers are requested to speak English fluently and are expected to be

active and open-minded.Furthermore, the volunteers will be trained for 5 days and therefore the senior students with more free time are preferred.Anyone who is interested with it please contact us, and send your resume to the email address: *******

Postgraduate Association

第十类 备忘录

A.模拟题及范文:

Directions:

You are an active member of the student newspaper.The newspaper is currently looking for

journalists for the summer semester.Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.Date: August 10,2005

To: All students

From: Li Ming

Subject: Journalist position available for the summer semester

The student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester.Applicants should currently be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years writing experience.The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in

the city and on campus.The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the

end of August.The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience.If you are

interested, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office.

考研英语应用文 篇2

一、高职生要充分认识到英语应用文的学习是时代的呼唤和市场的要求

随着中国更多地融入到全球化的洪流和地位的提升,以往以国内交流为主的应用文模式已经很难适应社会的发展,因此,要成为时代的弄潮儿,学生就必须掌握英语应用文,这不仅是社会发展的要求,更是自身成长和发展的需要。高职学生是以就业作为导向的。他们区别于本科或者研究生的最大特点就是动手能力强,所以,高职学生应该清楚地认识到自己学好英语应用文是必须的。笔者曾经带过的一个专业英语班,有一个学生干部非常优秀,不仅专业好口语流利,而且组织协调能力非常出色,是比较典型的“全才”,但是,他在校期间一直认为英语口语流利就行,所以放松了对自己英语应用文写作的要求。他毕业时,学院推荐他到一家学员友好单位任文秘,可是一次单位有一笔大的合同签署,要他准备一份英语合同,因为他对英文合同的写作要求不清楚,就随便在网上下载了一份英文合同改了改就拿去充数。因为他的“杰作”不切合实际,而且表述方面问题比较多,所以在和外方谈判时因语言和条款产生了争执,最后导致一份到手的合同流产。在这个事件后,他开始受到冷遇,最终只好离开这个单位。他自己后悔地说,是英语应用文写作“害了他”。由此可见,英语应用文写作的重要性。

二、高职生要充分认识到英语应用文写作是高等学校应用能力考试中的必然要求

众所周知,高等职业教育的教学目标就是培养高级应用型人才。高职的英语教学一直遵循和贯彻的原则是“实用为主,够用为度”,即既要培养学生具备必要的英语语言基础知识,又要强调培养学生运用英语进行涉外业务工作的能力。为了评估高职学生的英语能力,教育部要求高职学生应参加英语应用能力考试,考虑到高职学生的入学的英语水平的现状,本考试分为A级和B级,其中写作部分A级就是测试学生套写应用性短文、信函、填写英语表格或翻译简短的使用性文字的能力。B级就是能用英语填写表格,套写便函、简历等。如果学生没有将英语应用文写作作为一个重要的语言技能掌握,那么他很可能就会因为应用文写作能力差而在考试中不能取得较好的分数,甚至失败,所以为了能够正常和顺利地毕业,高职学生应该加强对英语应用文的学习。

三、高职英语教材应该重点突出和体现英语应用文写作方面的知识

应该说,高职英语教材大都是脱胎于本科英语教材。这些英语教材无一例外地重视英语语言能力的掌握,在高职学生必须重视职业实用能力方面体现不足,所以就造成学生将一本教材学完后,实际的英语交际和职业能力提高并不显著的弊病。为了解决高职英语教学中这一问题,从2000年开始,教育部组织专家制定了高职高专基础课程的《基本要求》之后,各出版社纷纷组织专家编写高职高专的对口教材。例如:高等教育出版社出版的21世纪高职高专规划教材《实用英语》,上海外语教育出版社出版的《新世纪高职高专英语综合教程》和外语教学与研究出版社出版的《新视野英语教程》等。但是,平心而论,这些教材还是脱不掉本科教材的影子,所以在适合高职英语应用能力教学方面一直体现不足,这也包括英语应用文写作的教学。所以,笔者认为,应该对现有的高职英语教材加以修订,使之能够适应高职学生的学习和就业需求,在与工作相关的应用文(如广告、合同、说明书、单证等)或书写应用文(如通知、个人简历、商业信函、广告等)方面加大内容,满足他们在未来就业方面的需求。

四、英语应用文的行之有效的教学方法

(一)加强学生的英语语言功底

由于高职学生的英语现状,所以加强他们的英语语言功底尤其重要。笔者一直参与陕西省高职英语能力A/B级考试的阅卷工作,每一年阅卷后的感受都是学生的英语功底太差,学生的“作文”不仅无法传递有效信息,而且存在诸如单词错误拼写、时态语态混乱、主谓不一致、汉化英语现象严重等基础语病,可以看出学生尤其要加强语言语言基本功的学习。笔者建议:一要记忆单词;二要掌握句式结构;三要掌握语法;四要掌握英语国家文化。如果能将这几点做到了,就具备了掌握英语应用文的基本功,所谓“磨刀不误砍柴功”,学生在厚实的英语基础上学习英语应用文自然就得心应手。

(二)让学生尽快熟悉各种应用文的文体格式

英语应用文写作主要体现在文体的格式上,格式不正确,一切无从谈起。在学生的作文中,对格式,大部分学生只记得问题的大概,但对具体的一些细节问题就有点不太清楚;有的学生甚至对文体不清楚。所以,在平时的英语学习中学生应该对各种文体的格式进行详细的学习,尽快掌握各种应用文的格式,使得在英语应用文写作上不犯或者至少少犯格式方面的错误。

(三)让学生尽快掌握不同文体的常用句型

几乎在每次英语考试后笔者都会听到学生说:“作文太好写了,自己也写完了,但是得分却不高”。原因在于他们写的作文只是一些简单表达同样意图句子的堆积,尽管意思对了,但是太不地道,太拖沓,所以很难得高分。笔者建议学生:平时注重英语应用文常用表达句型的积累,注意写标准和地道的英文句子;要常看各种不同英语应用文,注意区分不同问题间英语句子使用的差别,这样在区别中学最有益于对于句型结构的掌握;最后就是要常练,在练中学,在练中掌握英语应用文,这样掌握的英语语言知识最牢固。

总而言之,英语应用文的写作不是随随便便就可以掌握的,它是需要下功夫的。另外它是对高职学生未来职业能力的必然要求,所以学生必须掌握。最后,英语应用文写作能力的提高是有技巧的,顺应英语应用文学习的规律将事半功倍。

参考文献

[1]项新宇, 崔秀香.英语应用能力写作.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.

[2]周邦友.英语应用文大全.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社, 2007.

[3]孔庆炎.刘鸿章.新编实用英语.北京:高等教育出版社, 2002.

[4]王晓光.王家宝.商务英语写作.上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2008.

英语应用文写作要领 篇3

1. 有明确的读者对象。应用文都有明确特定的读者对象。

2. 有比较固定的格式。根据不同的写作内容和任务,不同的应用文有不同的、相对稳定的格式和行文方式。

下面,结合高考英语书面表达的要求,简要地介绍上述几种应用文的格式及写作要领。

一、 通知

通知分为口头通知和书面通知两种。

1. 口头通知

【格式】

(1) 称呼语。称呼语通常需根据听众的具体情况来确定。如在比较正式且男女听众兼有的场合,通常用Ladies and gentlemen 来称呼听众。如果在非正式场合,则比较随便,可以说Everyone。对学生用的称呼语通常是Boys and girls。

(2) 过渡语。在做口头通知时,通常要先将听众的注意力吸引过来,而后再做通知。常使用的过渡语有:

May I have your attention,please?

Attention please. I have an announcement to make.

Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.

I have something (important) to tell you.

I’m glad to tell you something important.

(3) 正文。即通知的内容。

(4) 结束语。口头通知的结束语通常为:That’s all. Thank you.

2. 书面通知

【格式】

(1) 标题。书面通知要在正文的正上方写上Notice或大写NOTICE。

(2) 正文。即通知的内容。

(3) 落款。书面表达要表明出通知的时间和单位名称。时间放在正文的左下角,单位名称则放在右下角。

【要领】

(1) 书面通知较之口头通知所使用的句式要复杂些。书面通知可以将若干的信息通过一个句子表达出来,而口头通知则可以分为几个句子表达。如:

(2) 通知是要告诉大家即将进行的活动,因此其主要时态是一般将来时。

(3) 为避免命令之嫌,通知中常采用被动语态或“please + 祈使句”表示要求。如:

All teachers are requested to meet in the school meeting room at 4 p.m. on Friday to celebrate Teachers’ Day. Please be there on time.

【范例】

口头通知:

May I have your attention?

We will visit the Summer Palace on Wednesday,May 4th. It is the largest well-kept royal park in China. So I am sure you will be struck by its beautiful scenery. Please be on time at the hotel gate at 6:10 on Wednesday morning.

That’s all. Thank you.

书面通知:

Notice

Next Monday Professor Fan from Liaoning University will give us a lecture on how to learn a foreign language well in the meeting hall. The lecture will begin at 8:00. Please gather at 7:45 in front of the classroom building. Everyone is requested to take a notebook to take notes. After the lecture,we will have a talk.

Mar 3rd,2010 Students’ Union

二、 日记

【格式】

1. 日期、天气。日记正文左上方标明写日记当天的日期,右上方则写天气状况。

2. 正文。正文包括所记载的事情及对此发表的感想或评论。

【要领】

1. 日记以第一人称来写。

2. 日记多是在当天晚上来叙述当天发生过的事情,因此动词时态常使用过去时。但在进行景物、人物描写、发表见解、对话引语等时要使用现在时态。

3. 记事结束后要对所记之事发表自己的感想或评论,否则日记就成了流水账。

【范例】

Tuesday,Nov. 15th Fine

Today we began to receive a one-week military training. It was very cold and our military instructor,who is a twenty-year-old young PLA man,was very strict with us. But we tried our best to do what we were told to in high spirits and every one of us looked like real soldiers.

After the training,we were a little tired,but we felt very happy.

三、 书信

【格式】

1. 称呼,即对收信人的尊称,如:Dear John,Dear Mr. Tom,Dear Miss Liu等。

2. 正文,即信件的主要内容。

3. 信尾客套语,即写信人对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely; Yours sincerely; Friendly;Yours等。

4. 信尾签名,即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。

【要领】

1. 注意正文的开头。

一般地说,书信是写给家人、朋友、笔友等熟人,或某报刊杂志的编辑、某公司的经理等陌生人的。如果是写给熟人的书信,就无需将“书面表达”背景材料中用以确定写作身份的材料表达出来。可以首先做一番寒暄,而后向书信的主题过渡。但如果是写给陌生人的信件,则需要做自我介绍,再向主题过渡。如:

2. 注意说话的口吻。

写给熟人、同辈的书信与写给长辈、上级、陌生人的书信所使用的口吻应该是有差异的。写给前者的信语言可以直白些,而写给后者的信在口吻上要注意客气、委婉。如:

3. 注意正文的结尾。

将“书面表达”所规定的要点表达清楚后,正文需要一个恰当的结尾。如果书信是向对方提出自己的建议,则可以以I hope my advice is useful for you或I hope you could take my advice等结尾。如果书信是介绍你所居住的地方的变化、旅游景点等,则可以以I hope to see you here and I’m sure you will enjoy yourself结尾。如果是一封应聘信,则可以以If I get this job,I’ll do my best to do it well. Looking forward to your reply等结尾。总之,结尾要紧扣书信的主题和目的,同时注意语言要简练。

【书面表达练习】

假如你是Tom,你从父亲给你的来信中得知,由于他天天忙于工作而忽略了健康问题,对此你十分担忧。请你以此为话题,并结合提示给他写一封信。词数:80-100。提示:

1. 要走路去上班,而不是开车或坐车;

2. 每周至少锻炼一次,比如打球;

3. 饮食要健康;

4. 不要工作太晚,要早休息。

One possible version:

Dear Dad,

Glad to get your letter. But from it I know you’re so busy every day that you don’t pay much attention to your health. I’m worried about it. I’d like to give you some suggestions. I hear walking is the best sport. Your company isn’t far from home,is it? Why not walk to the office? You’d better take exercise at least once a week,such as playing basketball. What’s more,it’s necessary to have healthy food. Try not to stay up too late. Having enough sleep can help your brain work better.

Dad,please accept my advice. I really wish you health!

Yours,

考研英语应用文写作:信 篇4

Ming” instead.Dear Prof. Smith,

It has always been a great pleasure to write to you since I can never fail to get help, inspiration or enlightenment from you. Now I am writing to recommend to you Miss Liu Ming who wants to pursue her graduate study for the Master?s Degree under your supervision.

Miss Liu Ming was one of my classmates in Tianjin University. She was one of the most excellent students in our university as can be seen from her straight A grades on all subjects. After graduation she worked in Tianyi Biological Company for three years, which considerably added to her practical experience.

It is my belief that with her intelligence, diligence and rich experience, Miss Liu Ming has great potential for further development in the field of pharmacology both theoretically and practically. Therefore, I recommend her to you with no reservations.

Faithfully yours,

考研英语作文应用文常用高分句型 篇5

开头常用句式

Thank you very much for…

I am writing this letter to thank you for …

I am writing to express my sincere thanks for …

I feel greatly indebted to you for …

I really do not know how to express my gratitude for your help.I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for…

I am writing to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me…I don’t know how to thank you for your kindness to me.I warmly appreciate for your hospitality.We are indebted to you for your help.With deepest gratitude I write you’re here few lines.结尾常用句式

Thanks again!

I do appreciate it.I appreciate more than I can say.I must thank you again for your generous help.My true gratitude is beyond the word’s description.I feel most obliged to thank you once more.I am most grateful for your selfless donation.Please accept my gratitude as always.Best wishes for your health and every happiness.My thanks to you for your kindness and assistance when I …--and my love for you, always!

其他常用句式

I am writing to thank you, on behalf of …, for the lovely time we had at your party last night.I feel deeply indebted to you and I really do not know how to thank you enough for your help.If it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequence might have been much more serious.It is generally held that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Thank you very much for your kind hospitality and the honor you showed me during my visit…

It was nice of you to..Please have no hesitation in writing to me should you want me to do something for you…

考研英语应用文格式之备忘录 篇6

考研英语应用文格式之备忘录

在上篇文章中,我们已经向大家详细介绍了2010年英语(一)曾经考过的应用文——通知的写作格式。对此,从第一行的题目一直到最后一行的署名,诸位即将参加考研的同学们务必要牢牢记住其中的每个细节,因为“格式恰当”也是咱们考研应用文考查的一个重要评分标准。对于应用文的几个评分标准来说,它是最简单、最容易掌握的一个;但是对于同学们来说,鉴于它的琐碎性与细节性,它又是同学们最常因为马虎粗心而犯错的一个。古人讲:“一屋不扫,何以扫天下!”因此,作为一个未来的研究生,大家不要在这样的细节上出现失误。

此外,在今天的这篇文章中,我们继续给大家介绍下一种告示类应用文——备忘录,虽然在英语(一)和英语(二)中都还未曾考过,但是咱们的两个考研英语大纲却一直都明确规定应用文考查类型中包括备忘录。至于备忘录到底是什么,有什么样的写作思路,这些我们早在系列介绍考研英语应用文的写作思路的时候已经详细地讲过,大家可以去翻阅查看。本文中主要给大家介绍一下备忘录的写作格式。

Memo

To: All Employees

From: Berry Silver, President

Date: June 22nd, 2014

Subject: Entertainments or Gifts during Spring Festival

At around this time of year, many invitations are received from companies and clients to Spring Festival dinners.Gifts are also sometimes received.I am sure that such offers only result from a job being well done and it is certainly pleasing to know that the level of service provided by staff is appreciated.However, the acceptance of any offers, entertainment or gifts, can lead to either a real or perceived conflict of interest.To ensure that this does not arise, all such offers should be declined and gifts returned.I should appreciate your understanding and cooperation.首先,与通知一样,备忘录也须有题目,但是其中不同的是备忘录的题目非常简单,就是Memo,首字母M要大写,此外它居于答题空间的首行中间位置。

其次,从第二行开始接下来的四行位置则是备忘录比较个性特殊的格式了。

第一行是“To: ”,也就是此封备忘录的写作对象,而且鉴于备忘录是一种告示类文章,那么它的收件人往往是一群人,而不再是书信之中的一个人。

第二行是“From: ”,也就是此备忘录的写作者,在这里面,既可以只写人名,也可以在人名后面加上其职位等身份,但是两者之间要用逗号隔开。

第三行是“Date: ”,也就是写作日期。英文中日期的写法我们已在上篇文章的通知中详细介绍过,在此就不再多加赘述了。

第四行是“Subject: ”,也就是整封备忘录的内容概括,但是在这边大家需要注意的是小标题的内容一定要是短语形式,而不能是一个完整的句子。

高考英语应用文型阅读的解题策略 篇7

应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体,是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的工具,有的应用文还用来作为凭证和依据。随着社会的发展,人们在工作和生活中的交往越来越频繁,事情也越来越复杂,因此应用文的功能也就越来越多了。

一、应用文的特点

应用文是用来处理和解决生产、学习、工作、生活中的实际事务和问题的,所以它具有很强的实用性,它的最基本特点就是“用”。为用而写,有用才写,这是应用文与其他体裁文章的最大区别。

应用文有着它特定的语言特征,主要表现有以下三点。

1. 语言格式规范

在长期的实践应用中,应用文逐渐形成大量采用的书面的规范用语及惯用格式,如书信就有必须特定的开头和结尾。

2. 语言严谨准确

应用文避免累赘冗长的表达,避免不必要的重复。如在高考语篇中,用“wanted”代替“babysitter is wanted”,用“for sale”代替“fur coats and jackets are for sale”。

3. 语言风格平实质朴,却清楚简洁。

应用文是贴近日常生活、具有实用功能的文体,它在内容上十分重视实用性,常用简单明了的表达方式。如在书信中,用“enclosed”代替“enclosed here with”,用“please write to us”代替“please don’t hesitate to call upon us”。

二、高考英语应用文型阅读的解题策略

高考英语应用文阅读的常见的考查题型有:细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题及猜测词义题等。高考英语应用文主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力:既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合,又注重考查推理判断的能力,题目设置相对容易。针对这些题型,有着相应的解题策略帮助考生更好地答题。

1. 题干定位法

题干定位法属于“查读法”的一种。应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面,能满足各种人对信息的需求。但在高考试题中,它通常是就某一点提问,因此,以细节理解为主,考生完全没必要从头到尾仔细阅读。在做此类题时,宜采用“题干定位法”,即,先阅读题干,然后根据问题的要求,按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位,阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息,再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候,对号入座;如果问题与原文不同,则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。

如2010年的B篇,语篇很清楚地分成六部分,同时基本上是每部分就是一个段落:University accommodation offices,Property papers:Loot and Renting,Accommodation agencies,Noticeboards,Word of mouth,Family。考生只要抓住试题中的关键词,然后到相应的段落中寻找落实对应的答案。比如第45题有关键词“Loot”对应第二部分,第46题“a good agent”对应第三部分,第47题考生很容易根据“word of mouth”到对应的第五部分去寻找答案。

当然,很多时候,出题的老师也不是完全根据文章的顺序出相应的考题的,比如2010年的第45题答案在第二部分,第46题在第三部分,第47题在第五部分,而第48题的答案隐藏在第一部分“University accommodation offices”;2009年的第45题是在文中的第六部分找到答案的,第46题在第一部分,第47题在第三部分,而第48的答案则是在第五部分,完全没有按顺序的。这时,考生则更应充分利用题干的关键词,运用查读、跳读,迅速地找出对应着正确答案的信息。

2. 补全成分法

省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现,对于影响语境理解的省略情况,我们应将省略句补全,从而更加准确地理解其意思。

这无论是在2008年还是2009年或2010年的B篇,这种省略形式都非常明显,几乎所有的标题都是省略形式,考生要根据应用文的特点,根据相应的文章内容,在理解的时候自动补充完整。如2009年高考英语的B篇中:for sale,就是“used fur coats and jackets for sale”;而babysitter———my home的意思就是“babysitter is wanted at my home”。

3. 信息再加工法

此方法主要用于词义或句意推测题,以及涉及数字转换的判断推理题。此类题目需要考生对原文相关信息作正确理解,并通过推理判断或是计算,对信息进行再加工。这个理解可能牵涉到对某一句话或某些句子的理解,考生在理解其意义时,一定要捕捉到关键性的词。

在高考题目的设计中,有时不仅要求考生能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,而且要将获得的信息进行同义转换,用同义后近义的形式复述出来,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义,以检测考生的句义复述能力。

如2010年第46题,A good agent can help you________.

A.know more people

B.find cheap accommodation

C.get the rich accommodation

D.get free information about most accommodations

语篇中有一句话:“A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save your time in looking for the right accommodation.”根据“save your time”,就可以推断出正确的答案应该是C了。

数字转换题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,找出转换关系,通过计算,得出正确答案。这类计算题一般来说比较简单,关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,选准比较的数据,弄清单位换算关系,确定计算方法,问题便迎刃而解了。

如2009年第46题,A second-hand jacket will probably cost you_______.

A.$60 B.$40 C.$20 D.$10

根据语篇中“USED FUR COATS and JACKETS.Good condition.$30—$50”,可以知道一件二手夹克衫的价钱在30美元到50美元之间浮动。所以答案为B。

4. 排除法

排除法在应用文阅读中使用也比较多。考生可以根据题干中的关键词,找准相关句、段的内容,再仔细对照,排除于文章内容不一致的错误信息,从而确定正确选项。考生要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法,这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。

排除法除了可以运用于细节题,也同样适用于推理判断题。比如2010年的第48题,可以被划分为判断推理题:For students going to London for the first time,which of the following provides the most reliable information?

A.University accommodation offices

B.Loots and Renting

C.Noticeboards

D.Family

此题涉及该语篇的四部分,“University accommodation offices”、“Loots and Renting”、“Noticeboards”和“Family”,然后根据试题中的“the most reliable”去查找。很显然,“Loots and Renting”和“Noticeboards”这两块内容中都没有涉及“提供可靠的信息”的意思,所以很快可以被排除掉。而在“University accommodation offices”和“Family”中则各有一个句子似乎可以推论出答案,至于到底哪个才是正确答案,则还需要继续排除。有不少考生选了D,是因为“Family”这一块中的一个句子:“In some cases this might be a good choice.(在某些情况下,这可能是一种好的选择。)”加上题干又是“Family”,于是就想当然地认为这是最佳答案。事实上,考题问的是“the most reliable”,最可靠的信息,句中的“In some cases(在某些情况下)”和“might(可能)”,都表示不那么肯定了。如果仔细阅读,“Family”块内容中有一句话:“Faced with the very high rents charged in Lon-don,some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative.In some cases this might be a good choice.”意思是:“面对着高昂的租金,有的学生和他们的家长考虑购买房子,作为一种备选方案。在某些情况下,这可能是一种好的选择。”所以D也可以被排除掉了。正确答案应该是A,因为“University accommodation offices”中有一句话:“The advantage of using your university accommodation office is that you can get some support if you have a problem.(利用大学住宿办公的优势就是当你有麻烦时,你可以得到支持。)”这说明你从大学住宿办公室获得的信息应该是最可靠的了。

三、结语

阅读理解题作为考查和测试学生英语综合运用能力的一种主要形式,在高考中有着非常重要的地位。它要求考生读懂语篇,了解主题思想,抓住语篇中所包含的信息,事实、细节等,并进行分析、推理、判断,把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序、逻辑关系及作者的意图、态度、观点和文章寓意的能力。

高考中使用应用文作为阅读理解的素材,充分体现了“为用而学,学以致用”的新课程理念,强调实际运用,强调语感和语用在语言学习中的作用,注重社会文化和价值取向,检测了考生的人文素养和学习策略。所以,针对该文体的特点及相应的命题特点,考生若能灵活运用解题策略,则可以达到事半功倍的效果。

摘要:应用文型语篇在最近几年浙江省高考中连续出现。本文针对该文体的特点及相应的命题特点,提出了四种解题策略:题干定位法、补全成分法、信息再加工法和排除法。考生若能灵活运用,则可以达到事半功倍的效果。

关键词:高考英语,应用文型阅读,解题策略

参考文献

[1]王希.应用文阅读的解题策略[J].英语周报,2010,(11).

[2]杨晖.高考英语阅读理解分析与解题策略[J].中国教研交流,2008,(4).

考研英语应用文 篇8

关键词:应用文;问题;翻译策略

一、序言

英语应用文是日常生活或工作中经常应用的文体,例如公文、公告、收据等。随着我国对外交流的不断增多,日常生活、工作及学习各方面对英语的需求也越来越广泛,因此,掌握并应用英语应用文具有极其重要的意义。由于应用文强调实用性,这就决定了英语应用文不同于其它的文体,具有自己的特点,如语言应准确规范,有固定格式,特定句型,言简意赅等。这些特点既是英语应用文的精髓,也是翻译时的关键。英语应用文写作是独立学院学生英语应用能力考试中的一项重要内容。对于独立学院的学生来说,学生需要掌握如何用英语写出实际需要的各种文体的文章。因此,如何提高英语应用文写作能力对该类院校的学生尤为重要。本文通过了解学生在英语应用文写作方面存在的问题,就应用文的汉英翻译策略进行了简要的探讨,期望对英语应用文写作教学及翻译实践具有一定的参考价值。

二、独立学院学生英语应用文写作中常见问题

1.专业词汇贫乏。词汇是语言的基本要素之一。英语应用文的写作同样要求有较大词汇量。有些学生虽然非常清楚题目及其要求,但由于词汇量贫乏,无法用合适的词表达自己的思想,如重复使用某一词组,或语义模糊等。实践证明,这主要是与汉语与英语之间的差异造成的干扰有关。其次,由于英语应用文注重文雅、严肃,具有约束性、权威性,而很多时候,学生较多使用口语词是另一问题。

2.逻辑关系混乱。英语中语篇衔接手段十分丰富,包括语法手段,词汇手段和逻辑联系语等。其中语法手段包括时间关联、地点关联、照应、代替、省略、搭配等,词匯衔接包括复现和同现关系,逻辑联系语包括增补、转折、原因和时间。很多学生习惯了汉语式的东扯西拉的方式,在英语写作中跳跃性较大,句与句之间,段与段之间缺乏有机的联系、照应和连贯,导致重点不突出。

3.文体意识不强。英语应用文包括许多文体,如单据、电函、传真、合同等。每种文体都有其自己语言特点和使用范围,且有固定的模式,而学生往往由于忽视了这种现象,造成应用文之间无文体区别。

三、应用文翻译策略

1.掌握专业术语。英语应用文中通常有些地道专业的表达,即各种应用文会有自己的行话和习惯语言。虽然有些和汉语相同,但大部分英语句子和汉语的表达存在很大的差异,因此,在翻译时切忌思路跟着汉语跑,不可将汉语逐字逐句地转换,而应找到英语中相对应的精确表达,字词表达和语法结构都应符合目标语的语言习惯,做到入乡随俗。例如,在借条中,“to be paid back”“within one week from the date”“with interest at”等。关于工厂除了factory之外,还有许多译法,如shipyard(造船厂),brewery(酿酒厂),refinery(炼油厂),smelter(冶炼厂)等。酒杯除了cup,glass之外,还有mug,goblet,tumbler等。公共场所标语中“小心路滑”不能译成“Take care of the road!”或“The road is slippery.”,而应译为“Wet Floor!”即可。法律文件中有大量正式词语,因此经常用prior代替before,用subsequent代替after,用provided that代替but。合同英语中,“因为”多用“by virtue of”,“关于”常用“as regards”,“concerning”或“relating to”,“认为”用“deem”,用consider少,不用think或believe,“愿意做”用intend to do或desire to do,而不用want to do,wish to do.因此,专业术语是翻译的难点之一,应让学生熟悉有关术语及特定词汇的用法,了解相关背景知识和专业知识,让学生逐渐养成关于这些应用文的固定思维模式。

2.套译固定句型。套译是借用译入语中某些固定免刑来传达原文意思的修辞手段,即用译入方的相应免刑进行翻译,如询问信的常用句型有: I would like to inquire about some information about…; I would like some detailed information on…; I shall be grateful if you could have details concerning…available.证明信的称呼一般译为“To whom it may concern”,书信中We await your good news;I am looking forward to hearing from you soon等,在应用文中用上合适的特定句型会显得更自然、亲切、地道。

3.注意文体对等。文体不同,语言风格就不同。翻译时要注意文章体裁,用相应的语言风格来译相应的文章体裁。例如英语通知一般采用四行或五行体,写明内容、时间、地点和对象,各占一行。邀请函中一般包括原因,邀请对象、时间、出席地点、有时还附上需要回复的字样。书信分私人信函和公务信函,公务信函比私人信函的格式要求严格,一般按发信日期、收件人头衔、收信人地址、收信人邮编等逐项对齐信纸的左上侧依次往下排列,然后是收件人和信函内容。汉语简历虽然对模式要求不是很严格,但英语简历多使用表格式的行文方式,句子通常不必很完整,主语可以省去,文体显得干净利落。

英语应用文写作与翻译是英语学习中的一个重要内容,其翻译必须遵循“对等”原则。结合多种翻译策略,实现英汉应用文在语义及文体上的对等,这样才能准确简明地传达信息。教师对课堂训练的设计和训练方法应以学生的生活与经验为核心,处理好内容与实际的关系。同时,注重培养学生的英语思维能力,鼓励学生增加词汇量的积累,强化英语应用文知识的输入,加强写作实践,从而可有助于提高该方面的水平。

参考文献:

[1]方梦之,毛忠明.应用翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2006.

[2]尹慧玉.英语应用文写作教学策略与写作技巧[J].长春医学,2006,(2).

作者简介:张畇(1977- ),女,讲师,华中科技大学文华学院外语学部英语系,研究方向为二语习得,英语写作教学。

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