名词性从句

名词性从句（精选10篇）

名词性从句 篇1

英语从句是英语语法的核心部分, 既是教学的重点也是学习的难点。由于它涉及到两个或者两个以上的句子, 并且一个句子作另外一个句子的成分, 因此学生很难全面掌握各种从句, 从而造成做题和阅读理解障碍。为此, 笔者总结了英语名词性从句中的“公式”, 以帮助学生正确理解并掌握从句。

1 从句的概念和结构

1.1 明确从句的概念

从句中的“从”的指的是“从属, 属于”, 也就是说一个句子属于另外一个句子的某个部分, 该句是从句, 另一个“不完整”的句子就是主句。缺少主语的句子是主语从句, 缺少宾语或者表语的句子就是宾语或者表语从句。同位语从句相对来说是完整的, 这时只要分析名词和从句的关系。

比如:That he will come to the discussion is certain.

该句中的That he will come to the discussion是一个完整的句子, is certain的主语不是he也不是discussion, 因此这个句子不完整, 为主句。

1.2 明确从句的结构

众所周知, 英语是一种重句子结构的语言, 也就是说只要是句子就要有“主谓”或者“主系表”结构。从句一定是两个或者两个以上的句子组合到一起。也就是说从句拥有两套或两套以上的“主谓宾”或者“主系表”。在无法判断是哪种从句的情况下应从找句子的谓语开始。一般来说有多少个谓语就有多少个句子, 就有“谓语的个数-1”个从句 (其中一定有一个是主句) 。

1.3 判断主句和从句

判断一个句子是主句还是从句的“法宝”就是连接词。一般情况下, 连接词后的第一个句子单位“主谓宾”“主系表”就是从句, 另外的部分就是主句。

1) 引导词在句子中间时, 以引导词为界, 它以后的都是从句。

例如:They are discussing what they know nothing about.他们在讨论所不知道的事情。 (引导词what以后的都是从句)

2) 引导词在句首时, 一定是主语从句。此时, 引导词以后的第一套主谓/主系表是从句。

例如:What is revealed in the newspaper is only part of the story.

报上所披露的只是部分内幕。 (引导词what以后的第一套主谓/主系表是从句)

3) 疑似多个引导词时, 则应判断各句的成分。

例如:That is what I mean.这就是我的意思。that虽然是引导词, 但是也是指示代词, 在句中要做主语, 因此what才是引导词, 其之后的主谓结构是从句。

4) 若是省略连接词时则应该分析句子的成分。根据关联词省略的规律, 一般来说作宾语从句处理。

例如:I know he has returned. (宾语从句, 从句是第二套主谓he has returned) 我知道他已经回来了。

1.4 名词性从句公式的构成要素

名词性从句由主句、从句和关联词组成。即相关的主语、谓语、系动词、表语、句子其他成分、关联词构成。其中句子其他成分包括宾语、定语、状语等。关联词包括从属连词that, if, whether, 连接代词what, whom, 连词副词when, where, why, how。这些关联词适用以下的公式。

2 名词性从句的公式

2.1 主语从句Subject Clause的公式

1) 关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分+谓语+句子其他部分

从句主句

其中:句子其他部分包括相关的宾语、补语、状语等。

例如:Whether they can win the match depends on their actual performance.

他们能否赢这场比赛取决于他们的临场发挥。

2) 主语从句可以用it作形式主语, 此时公式应该为:

It is+名词/形容词/过去分词+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句 (真正的主语) 例如:It’s a pity that you have missed the last train.遗憾的是你错过了末班车。

It is stange that he had made a mistake.真怪, 他竟做错了。

It’s said that he’s got married.听说他结婚了。

2.2 宾语从句Object Clause的公式

1) 主语+谓语 (及物动词) +间接宾语+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:He told us that he had made up his decision.他对我们说他已经做出决了定。

例如:I know he was unhappy that day.我知道他那天不高兴。

2) 介词、不定式等后可以带宾语。此时公式为:

主语+谓语 (不及物动词) +介词/不定式+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

He was deeply impressed by what he had seen in the special economic region.

他在经济特区所看到的一切给他留下了深刻印象。

2.3 表语从句Predictive Clause的公式

1) 位于系动词后的成分叫表语。因此表语从句是一个句子作主句系动词的表语。表语从句的公式与宾语从句的公式大致相同。是位于系动词如be, seem, look, appear, remain等之后。其公式为:

主语+系动词+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:The question is whether we should leave for Shanghai immediately.

问题是我们是否应该马上动身去上海。

2.4 同位语从句Appositive Clause的公式

1) 同位语中的“同”指的是“相同”, “位”指的是“位置”。也就是说句子成分相同, 在句中的位置相同的成分。因此同位语从句在名词 (一般是抽象名词, 常为idea, fact, news, remark, report, evidence, suggestion等) 之后。其公式为:

名词+关联词+主语+谓语+句子其他部分

从句例如:There is no doubt that he staged the plot.毫无疑问, 他策划了这一阴谋。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作, 这个问题需要考虑。

3 关联词who、what的公式

由于who和what在从句中可以充当主语, 因此在各种从句的公式中从句的关联词和主语都是who和what。

1) 主语从句:

Who (what) +谓语+句子其他部分+谓语+句子其他部分

从句主句

例如:Who will go hasn’t decided yet.2) 宾语从句:

主语+谓语+句子其他部分+who (what) +谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:I wonder who will pay the bill.3) 表语从句:

主语+系动词+表语+who (what) +谓语+句子其他部分

主句从句

例如:The question is who will do us a favor.

4 结束语

名词性从句的运用要求学生先找出每个句子的谓语或者系动词, 然后根据以上的公式正确判断出从句的种类, 最后分析从句的句子成分, 选择合适的关联词。这样才能更加有效而快速的掌握英语名词性从句。公式法能简单、快速、准确地判断出从句的种类。更重要的是, 它能是把英语语法的语言知识用逻辑推理的方法归纳出来, 降低学生学习英语从句的难度, 提高学生的理解能力。

参考文献

[1]薄冰.薄冰英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社, 2007.

[2]吴秀.英语从句教学的新探索——多维模型理论的应用[J].中国科教创新导刊, 2011 (11) .

[3]张道真.张道真实用英语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2002.

名词性从句 篇2

十二.名词性从句

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全国卷II]

A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which

2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]

A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where

3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]

A.when B.why C.whetherD.that

4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山东卷]

A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatter who

5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]

A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that

6.—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]

A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor

7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]

A.howB.whatC.whichD.when

8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]

A.whyB.that

[2007 江苏卷]

A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陕西卷]

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As

you read．[2007 上海春]

A．that B．what C．which D．whether

12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]

名词性从句中的what从句 篇3

★一：句首what式，引导主语从句，意义为：所------的事（人）

1 （08山东 23） __________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As

2(08 福建 27)_________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympics Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.What C. AsD. Which

3(07 福建35)It is none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.

A. how B.what C. whichD. when

4(07全国Ⅱ17)_________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What B. WhyC.Where D. Which

5(06山东 27)__________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A.No matter whatB. No matte which C. WhateverD.Whichever

★二：Be动词后的what从句，引导表语从句，意义为：所------的事（人）

6 He isn’t _________ he used to be now.

A.thatB.how C. whatD.which

7(06全国Ⅰ23)See the flags on top of the building? Thatwas _______ we did this morning.

A. when B.which C. whereD.what

★三：介词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为：所------的事（人

8 （08浙江6） Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home.

A.whatB. thatC. whichD. one

9(08重庆 25) People in Chongqing are proud of ________ they have achieved in the past ten years.A. that B.which C. whatD. how

10(07江苏 25) Choosing the right dictionary depends on ________ you want to use it for.

A. what B. whyC.how D.whether

11(07安徽 33) You can only be sure of ________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something that you might get in the future.

A.thatB.what C. whichD. /

12(2005山东 26) The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not enough.

A.whereB.how C. whatD. which

★四：动词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为：所------的事（人

13（08北京30） The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A.whichB. thatC. whatD.who

14(08湖南 29) When asked _________they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.

A. what B.why C. whomD. which

15(07天津 15) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make __________ it is.

A.whatB.which C. howD. where

16(06全国Ⅱ16)--- What did your parents think about your decision?

--- They always let me do __________ I think I should.

A. when B.that C. howD.what

五：平时常见what如下习语，值得同学们熟悉，变通应用：

1.Ais to B what C is to D A之于B来说就如同C之于D一样

Air is to us what water is to fish.

2.what one is 一个人的为人

what one has一个人的财富

A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as what he is.一个人的价值与其说在于他的财富，不如说在于他的为人。

3. what you call 所谓

what is called所谓

He is what is called a walking dictionary.他就是人们所谓的一本活字典。

4. what with A and( what with) B半因为-------半因为------

What by A and(what by) B半用--------半用------

What with the wind and what with the rain ,his return was put off.有风又有雨，他的回程受耽搁。

5. what is more而且

what is worse跟糟糕的是

名词性从句考点剖析与精练 篇4

一、考点剖析

在语法填空这一高考题型中,涉及名词性从句的考查是没有提示词的,做题时需要把名词性从句的相关知识与题干紧密结合起来,才能确定空白处使用哪一个词引导。

1. 考查宾语从句

【典例1】I didn't understand______this would happen and my credit card had alreadybeen charged for the reservation. ( 2014年广东卷)

解析: 分析题干可知,understand之后接的是宾语从句,且空白处在从句中做状语,由此结合语境“我不理解为什么这种事情会发生”可知,应填why。

【典例2】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered______the boy would do. ( 2012年广东卷)

解析: 在题干中,wondered之后接的是宾语从句,且空白处在从句中做do的宾语,由此结合语境“其他所有学生想知道那个男孩会做什么”可知应填what。

【知识延伸】宾语从句往往位于动词、介词或某些形容词之后,其常用句式有: 1主语 +及物动词 + 宾语从句; 2主语 + 及物动词 +间接宾语 + 宾语从句; 3主语 + 动词短语 +宾语从句; 4主语 + be + 形容词 + 宾语从句。此外,it充当形式宾语,而真正的宾语为宾语从句,常用句式有:

1主语 + think / believe / make / find / consider / feel + it + adj. / n. + 宾语从句

2主语 + enjoy / hate / love / like / dislike /appreciate / prefer + it + 宾语从句

3主语 + see to / look to / insist on / stickto / depend on / answer for + it + 宾语从句

4主语 + 动词 + it + 介词短语 + 宾语从句( 如take it for granted that想当然地认为; bring it to one's attention that引起某人注意的是; owe it to sb. that把……归功于)

2. 考查主语从句

【典例1】Perhaps______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. ( 2014年上海卷)

解析: 分析题干可知,“______my motherhad told me”为主语从句,空白处在从句中做直接宾语,且指的是内容,故填what。

【典例2】______the delayed flight willtake off depends much on the weather. ( 2014年陕西卷)

解析: 分析题干的句子结构可知,depends之前是主语从句,且空白处在从句中做时间状语,故填when。

【知识延伸】主语从句常位于谓语动词之前,但是有时为了保持句子平衡,会使用it做为形式主语,而把真正的主语从句放在后面,常见的有:

1It + be + 名词 + 主语从句( 如It is afact / pity / shame / surprise that; It is no wonder that)

2It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句( 如It isclear / important / necessary / obvious / possible /strange that; It is known to all that)

3It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句( 如Itis believed / reported / said / suggested / thoughtthat)

4It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句 ( 如Ithappens that; It occurred to sb. that; Itdoesn't matter how / whether / what)

3. 考查表语从句

【典例1】The best moment for the footballstar was______he scored the winning goal.( 2014年北京卷)

解析: 分析题干可知,was之后是表语从句,且空白处在从句中做时间状语,故填when。

【典例2】As John Lennon once said,life is______happens to you while you are busy making other plans. ( 2014年湖南卷)

解析: 在题干中,is之后是表语从句,从句中缺少主语,且指的是内容,因此应使用what引导表语从句。

【知识延伸】表语从句指的是在句中做表语的从句,常位于系动词之后,其常用句式有:

1主语 + be动词 + 表语从句

2主语 + appear/ look / remain / seem/smell / taste + 表语从句

4. 考查同位语从句

【典例1】One day,he came up with an idea______he would pluck up all of his crop a fewinches.

解析: idea之后的句子对其解释说明,即idea之后的部分为同位语从句,且从句中不缺少句子成分,句意完整,故填that引导同位语从句。

【典例2】Evidence has been found through years of study______children's early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.

解析: 分析句子结构可知,study之后是主语Evidence的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句的句意完整,且不缺少成分,故填that。

【知识延伸】同位语从句常位于某些名词之后,其引导词最常用的是that。常接同位语从句的名词 有: belief,chance,conclusion,demand,desire,discovery,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,news,notice,possibility,problem,promise, report,reply,request,sign,statement,theory,thought,truth,view,warning,wish,word

为保持句子平衡,主语的同位语从句往往不紧跟其后,而是放在后面,从而形成了分隔式同位语从句,而做宾语或表语的名词与其同位语从句之间有插入语、状语或后置定语等修饰成分时,也会形成分隔式同位语从句。例如:Danby left word with my secretary that he wouldcall again in the afternoon. Danby给我的秘书留言,他下午会再打电话的。

二、备考建议

名词性从句的引导词包括连词that,if,whether; 连接代词what,which,whom,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whosever等; 连接副词when,where,why,how等。在复习备考中,一方面应该掌握好宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种名词性从句的特征与用法,另一方面应灵活掌握好连接词的种类及其用法。同时还需要强化这方面的专题训练,进一步提高自己的应用能力。

三、强化训练

( 一) 单句语法填空

1. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing______you're afraid to do.

2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That's______I was born. ”

3. I thinkim______presses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

4. “Every time you eat a sweet,drink greentea. ” This is______my mother used to tell me.

5. It is difficult for us to imagine______life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

6. I have no idea______Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday and that's oneof his favorite universities.

7. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.

8. It remains to be seen______the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

9. Do not let any failures discourage you,foryou can never tell______close you may be to victory.

10.______one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

11. Police have found______appears tobe the lost ancient statue.

12. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief______you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

13. We promise______attends the partya chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

14.______struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.

15. Experts believe______people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

16. Over the next several months,my professor taught me______one story was so much better than the other.

17. For one thing, parents have time tothink about______they want to say before they write.

18. There is clear evidence______the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.

19.______makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

20. It's good to know______the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.

21.______you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

22. From space,the earth looks blue. This is______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

23. Scientists study______human brains work to make computers.

24. As many five courses are provided,and you are free to choose______suits you best.

25. It is still under discussion______the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

26. Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter______you have lived there for a short or a long time.

27. It is by no means clear______the president can do to end the strike.

28. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but fel______the could have expressed it differently.

29. Mom called me yesterday,asking me______I was getting along with the exam.

30. I made a promise to myself______this year,my first year in high school,would be different.

( 二) 语法填空综合训练

Sometimes parents think it right and naturalthat they determinetheir children do withtheir lives. They forget that everyone is differentand that each person must develop in his or herown way.

参考答案与解析:

( 一) 单句语法填空

1. what。在题干中,doing之后跟的是宾语从句,空白处在从句中做do的宾语,且指的是具体内容,故应用what引导宾语从句。

2. where。在题干中,That's之后是表语从句,空白处在 从句中做 地点状语,故应填where。

3. what。句意为: 关于他的画我认为给我留下深刻 印象的是 他所使用 的颜色。“______impresses me about his painting”为主语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,且指的是内容,故应用what引导。

4. what。在题干中,is之后为表语从句,空白处在从句中做tell的直接宾语,且指的是内容,故应用what引导表语从句。

5. what。动词imagine之后为宾语从句,由此结合句式“What + be + sb. / sth. like?”可知,应用what引导宾语从句。

6. why。句意为: 我不知道为什么Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取,那是他最喜欢的大学之一。分析题干可知,idea之后是其具体内容,即同位语从句,空白处在从句中做原因状语,故应用why引导。

7. when。句意为: 土豆确切是在何时被引进欧洲的还不确定,大约在1565年左右。在题干中,“______the potato was introduced into Europe”为主语从句,空白处在从句中做时间状语,由此结合语境可知,应用when引导。

8. whether。句意为: 新成立的委员会的政策是否能够付诸实践,还需拭目以待。在题干中,it是形式主语,真正的主语为空后的主语从句,由此结合语境可知应填whether。

9 . how。分析题干可知,tell之后为宾语从句,由此结合感叹句的句式“how + 形容词或副词 + 主谓”可知,应用how引导宾语从句。

10. Whichever。句意为: 你们当中无论哪个人弄坏窗户都得赔偿。空白处在从句中做one的定语,由此结合语境可知应填Whichever。

11. what。在题干中,动词found之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,且指的是内容,故应用what引导。

12. that。分析题干可知,belief之后的部分是其具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,而且句意完整,故应用that引导。

13. whoever。句意为: 我们承诺无论谁参加聚会,都有机会 与影星合 影。在题干中,promise之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,由此结合语境可知应填whoever。

14. What。分析题干的句子结构可知,was之前为主语从句,在从句中缺少主语,且指的是事物,故填what。

15. that。分析题干可知,believe之后接的是宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故应用that引导。

16. why。在题干中,me之后是宾语从句,由此结合语境“为什么一个故事比另一个好得多”可知,空白处在 从句中做 原因状语,故填why。

17. what。分析题干可知,about之后为宾语从句,且空白处在从句中做say的宾语,由此结合语境可知,应用what引导宾语从句。

18. that。在题干中,evidence之后是其具体内容,即同位语从句,从句句意完整,且不缺少句子充分,故应用that引导同位语从句。

19. What。句意为: 使这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。在题干中,is之前为主语从句,空白处在从句中做主语且指的是内容,故应用What引导。

20. that。动词know之后为宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完 整,故应填that。

21. What。在题干中,describes之前为主语从句,空白处在从句中做said的宾语,且指的是内容,故填What。

22. because。在题干中,is之后为表语从句,空白处在从句中做状语,由此结合语境“这是因为其表面的71% 被水覆盖”可知应填because。

23. how。分析题干可知,study之后为宾语从句,空白处在 从句中做 方式状语,故应填how。

24. whichever。在题干中,choose之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做主语,由此结合语境可知应填whichever。

25. whether。在题干中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为discussion之后的主语从句,根据空后的or not及语境可知,应填whether。

26. whether。分析题干可知,It为形式主语,真正的主语是matter之后的主语从句,由此结合语境和句式whetheror可知应填whether。

27 . what。分析题干可知,It为形式主语,真正的主语是clear之后的主语从句,空白处在从句中做do的宾语,且指的是内容,故填what。

28. that。分析句子结构可知,felt之后为宾语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故应使用that引导宾语从句。

29. how。在题干中,人称代词me之后为宾语从句,空白处在从句中做方式主语,故应用how做为宾语从句的引导词。

30. that。在题干中,myself之后为promise的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中句意完整,且不缺少句子成分,故应用that引导。

( 二) 语法填空综合训练

【文章导读】父母的期望值过高,方法不当,使许多学生感到压力很大,殊不知每个人都有不同的发展方式。

1. stressed。考查形容词。空白处在句中做表语,故提示词的过去分词与题意相符( 分词形容词化,意为“有压力的,紧张的”) 。

2. but。考查并列连词。空白处前后是两个并列的句子,且空白处表示转折,故应填 but。

3. adjusting。考查非谓语动词。介词之后应该接动名词做宾语,故空白处填提示词的动名词形式。

4. difficulties。考查名词。根据空前的定语children's和语境可知,difficulty为可数名词,空白处应填提示词的复数形式。

5. competition。考查名词。空白处在句中做主语,故空白处填提示词的名词形式。

6. higher。考查形容词。根据语境可知,空白处在句中暗含了一种比较的语气,故空白处填写提示词的比较级形式。

7. the。考查冠词。空白处之后的 change是名词,在句中表示特指,故应填定冠词。

8. gently。考查副词。空白处在句中做状语,故提示词的副词形式与题意相符。

9. to take。考查非谓语动词。 threaten 之后应该接不定式做宾语,故空白处填 to take。

名词性从句 篇5

一：名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词 词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句：作主语的从句叫主语从句，它一般放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在主句后面。Who will win the match is still unknown.It is still unknown who will win the match.Whether she will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided..宾语从句：作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，它位于及物动词或介词后面。也可用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后移。He don’t know what he wants.下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语： ① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；

e.g.They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g.I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； e.g.You may depend on it that we shall always help you.Would you see to it that she gets home early?

He insisted on it that he was innocent.④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.表语从句：作表语的从句叫表语从句，它位于系动词之后。

同位语从句：作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，前面名词是抽象名词：advice,news,fact,truth,word等。Word came that he won the match.通过分析下列从句所在的位置，判断下列句子分别是什么从句，并试着翻译。1.What he did satisfied everybody.2.Whether she will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.3.I want to know what he has told you.4.Could you show me how I can reach the station.5.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.6.The question is when he will come.7.He looks as if he is very angry.8.That’s what he wants.9.The news that we won the game is exciting.10.The doctor gave him a suggestion that he(should)give up smoking.11.I have no idea where he has gone.二：引导词：用上面例句练习引导词的用法。连接词 that(无实意，在从句中不作成份，只起引导作用)whether/if(是否)as if/as though, because(只引导表语从句)连接代词

what（什么；……的……, 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语）I don’t know what foreign language we’ll learn at college.Which(哪一个，在名词性从句中作主宾表定)who(谁，主宾表)Whose(谁的，定语)Whom(谁，宾语)Whatever=anything that(无论什么)Whichever(无论哪一个)Whoever=anyonewho(无论谁)。连接副词 when(什么时候，何时)where(什么地方，何地)why(为什么)how(如何，怎样)三：注意：1.在名词性从句中，疑问语序变成陈述语序（主语+谓语）。①When he will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.②I don’t know where he comes from.③The question is what he wants.④I have no idea when he will be back.2.Whether和if引导名词性从句的时候都是“是否”的意思，但下列情况只能用whether.1.引导主语从句并放在句首时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting qustion.It is an interesting question whether/if there is life on the moon.2.从句在介词后面时。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3.引导表语从句时。The question is whether he will like the gift.4.引导同位语从句时。I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.5.从句后有“or not”时。It remains to be seen whether or not he will succeed.6.后接动词不定式时。He doesn’t know whether to trust her words.3.名词性从句中的省略

在由连接词that引导的宾语从句中，可以把that省略。但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He says(that)he often runs in the morning and that he always runs as fast as possible.4.表建议、命令、要求的词后的从句的谓语动词常用（should）+动词原形。Suggest、advise、command、order、demand、require、request等。The general ordered that troops(should)set off at once.The doctor gave him a suggestion that he(should)give up smoking.The suggestion is that he(should)give up smoking.It is suggested that he(should)give up smoking.5.What的用法

什么;

……的……

1.What make the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.2.The city is not what it used to be.3.She is not what she was 5 years ago.4.This is what we should do(all that)

5.What he wants is a book.6.I don’t know what foreign language we will learn at college.6.Who与whoever引导名词性从句的辨析：Who broke the window is unknown.Whoever(Anyone who)breaks the law will be punished.Whoever told you about it was lying.What与whatever 后者比前者语气强What she did was right.Whatever she did was right.7.Whoever /whatever/whichever即可引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时可以与no matter+疑问词互换。分析下列句子是名词性从句还是让步状语从句。Do it whatever other say.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Whatever he did was right.Whatever happens, we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.He would believe whatever I said.Whatever the weather is like, we’ll go camping.However busy he was, he studied English every day.四：1.主语从句中的主谓一致

When and where I will go hasn’t been decided.When I will leave and where I will go haven’t been decided.2.宾语从句中的时态呼应

当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的情况而使用不同时态。

I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study Enlishi next year.I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America two weeks before.He said that light travels much faster than sound.4.做形容词后的定语从句，形容词后的介词要去掉

I’m afraid(that)I’v made a mistake.He is pleased with his great achievement.He is pleased that he has achieved so much 5.当主句的主语是第一人称，并且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine,suppose等动词，这时要进行否定转移（把对从句谓语动词的否定转移到主句谓语动词上）。We don’t think you are here.I don’t believe he will do so.6.That引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that在定语从句中作成分（主宾表）；that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起引导作用。We heard the news that he won the game.We heard the news that he had told her.1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A.did the quarrel came about

B.the quarrel had come about

C.had the quarrel come about

D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work.A.what B.something C.anything

D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there B.in which C.where

D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone

B.where did he go

C.which place has he gone

D.where has he gone

7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that

B.which

C.of which

D.of that

8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave B.that;should leave C./;must leave D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that

B.It;that

C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A.that

B.which

C.whether

D.if

11.Is _____he said really true?

A.that B.what C.why

D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If

D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while

B.if

C.that D.for 14._____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether

B.This

C.who

D.If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That

C.Whether

D.If

16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That

C.Who

D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that

C.what;that D.That;what

名词性从句专项训练 篇6

A. which； that

B. what； which

C. that； which

D. what； what

2. I don’t say I am against Jackie’s plan. But the problem is____________he does doesn’t agree with what he says.

A. what that

B. that what

C. whether what

D. what whether

3. The pollution problems in China are different in kind from____________are in Germany.

A. thatB. which

C. whereD. what

4. He knew the files could be of help to____________took over the job.

A. whoB. whoever

C. whomD. whomever

5.____________ is recommended that cars

carefully every morning to ensure safety.

A. This； must check

B. This； should check

C. It； be checked

D. It； are checked

6.____________ of you figures out the answer will receive a gift.

A. AnyoneB. Whoever

C. NoneD. Whichever

7. Some of the scientists held the point____________the book said was right.

A. what whatB. that that

C. what thatD. that what

8.____________is known to us is that time is limited and precious.

A. WhatB. That

C. ItD. As

9. Mother made a promise____________I passed the college entrance examination she would buy me a mobile phone.

A. thatB. if that

C. that ifD. that whether

10. I remember____________ the factory owed a small workshop and two machines.

A. whenB. how

C. whetherD. what

11. We try and give them____________ they want，____________their religion is， so that they can face death without fear.

A. no matter what； no matter what

B. no matter what； whatever

C. whatever； no matter whatever

D. whatever； whatever

12. Majority males said that the reason why they seldom take exercise is____________they pay more attention to other more significant affairs.

A. becauseB. that

C. howD. what

13. You can imagine____________to hear that his son had won first prize in the speech contest.

A. how excited he was

B. how excited was he

C. how he was excited

D. how was he excited

14. Our factory has been developing rapidly these days. This year’s production is five times____________it was ten years ago.

A. whatB. that

C. whichD. as

15. My classmates and I won’t go hiking this weekend so it won’t make any difference

it’ll rain or not.

nlc202309030606

A. whenB. whether

C. thatD. where

16. （2011北京卷）____________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

A. WhichB. What

C. ThatD. Whom

17. （2011山东卷）We’ve offered her the job， but I don’t know____________she’ll accept it.

A. whereB. what

C. whetherD. which

18. （2011安徽卷）His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out____________it is he is trying to express.

A. thatB. how

C. whoD. what

19.（2011北京卷）The shocking news made me realize____________terrible problems we would face.

A. whatB. how

C. thatD. why

20.（2011重庆卷）It is not always easy for the public to see____________use a new invention can be of to human life.

A. whoseB. what

C. whichD. that

21.（2010江苏卷）—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.

—That’s____________I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.

A. whereB. how

C. whenD. what

22.（2011辽宁卷）When the news came the war broke out， he decided to serve in the army.

A. sinceB. which

C. thatD. because

23.（2009浙江卷）—Is there any possibility____________you could pick me up at the airport？

—No problem.

A. whenB. that

C. whetherD. what

24. —How do you usually find out about new software？

—In the magazines like Popular Electronics. That’s____________computer companies usually advertise.

A. whichB. where

C. whatD. why

25. The other day， my father drove his car at____________I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. asB. that

C. whichD. what

【答案与解析】

1. B。第一空为宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语指物，因而用what，第二空为定语从句，缺主语，因而用which或that。句意为：他没有意识到想从生活中得到什么，所以他不停地换似乎吸引他的工作。

2. B。表语从句很显然不缺少成分，所以用that。句中“ he does”为主语从句，does后缺少宾语且无明确范围，因此使用what来引导主语从句。句意为：我没说我反对Jackie的计划，可问题是他言行不一致。

3. D。介词from后为宾语从句，又因为宾语从句缺少主语，判断应用what。句意为：中国的污染问题和德国的在种类上是不同的。

4. B。介词to后应跟宾语从句，空格处的连接词在宾语从句中充当主语，因此可以判断使用whoever。而who表疑问，与语境不符。句意：她知道这些文件可能对接管这个工作的任何人有帮助。

5. C。It is recommended that... 是主语从句，it是形式主语；且recommend是“建议”之意，从句中用虚拟语气should be checked， should可以省略。句意：人们建议每天早晨应认真检查车辆以确保安全。

6. B。主语从句中缺主语，而且有of you 范围，所以只能选whoever。句意：你们当中任何一个算出答案的会收到一份礼物。

7. D。that引导同位语从句进一步解释说明the point的内容；同位语从句中还含有一个主语从句，said后缺少宾语，故应用what引导主语从句。句意：一些科学家持有本书所说的是正确的这样的观点。

8. A。所选项引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，所以用what 。that 在从句中不作成分；it is known to us that time is limited and precious...是形式主语从句，而as is known to us， time is limited and precious是定语从句。句意：众所周知，时间是有限的而且非常珍贵。

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9. C。名词promise后是同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导，且同位语从句中又有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。whether不能引导条件状语从句。句意：妈妈承诺如果我通过了大学入学考试就给我买一部手机。

10. A。when引导宾语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。how表方式；whether和what 不作状语。句意：我还记得这个工厂曾经只有一个小车间和两台机器的那段时期。

11. D。第一空是whatever 引导的宾语从句，第二空是whatever引导的让步状语从句。No matter what 只能引导让步状语从句，而whatever既能引导的让步状语从句也能引导名词性从句。句意：不管他们的宗教信仰是什么，我们都尽量给他们提供他们想要的任何东西，这样他们才能毫不畏惧地面对死亡。

12. B。The reason why...is that...“……的原因是……”是固定句式，that引导表语从句。句意：很多男性称他们很少锻炼身体是因为他们将注意力都用到其他重要的事情上去了。

13. A。how引导感叹句，且感叹句作宾语从句，用陈述语序。句意：你能够想象到他听到他儿子在演讲比赛中获得第一名是多么兴奋。

14. A。从句中缺少表语，故用what引导表语从句。句意：这些日子我们工厂一直发展很迅速。今年的生产量是十年前的五倍。

15. B。根据句末的or not可知，在此用whether引导主语从句。句意：这个周末我和我的同学们不去徒步了，所以是否下雨都没两样。

16. B。选项引导的是主语从句，且从句中谓语动词offers缺少宾语，故选B。句意：巴巴拉·琼斯给予她粉丝的是诚实和快乐。

17. C。及物动词know后面是宾语从句，且从句中主谓宾结构完整，故排除B项和D项。句意：我们已经提供给她这项工作了， 但我不知道她是否愿意接受。故C项正确。

18. D。make out 后应是宾语从句，且从句中express 后缺少宾语，故只选D。句意：他的书写是那么混乱，以至于想要弄明白他在试图表达什么是困难的。

19. A。由从句句式可看出为宾语从句，what接后面的中心名词problems构成感叹句；而how后面接形容词或副词。句意：这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将会面临多么可怕的问题。

20. B。see后的宾语从句中what实际上是作为形容词来修饰后面的use，构成“be of ... use”结构。句意：现在公众很难知道新发明对人们的用处是什么。

21. A。这里填表语从句的引导词。agree为不及物动词，表语从句中不缺主语、宾语和表语，结合句意可知选A。句意：那就是我不同意之处。如果选what的话，agree后应加介词。

22. C。that 引导同位语从句，对news进行解释说明。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。故选C项。

23. B。that在此处引导同位语从句，具体说明possibility的内容。that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。句意：你有没有可能到机场来接我。

24. B。根据答语的前句可知表示的是地点。where引导的是表语从句，where在从句中作状语。句意：那就是电脑公司通常登广告的地方。

25. D。at为介词，后边的从句为宾语从句，先排除暗示。I thought为插入语，不充当从句中的语法成分，从句中明显缺主语，再排除that；which在名词性从句中的词义为“哪一个”，而此句中不是词义，故选D。句意：前几天，我父亲开着车以我认为危险的速度行驶。

名词性从句 篇7

关键词：名词性从句,定语从句,as的用法,比较分析

名词性从句和定语从句是英语语法学习的重点和难点, 很多学者对它们分别做过研究, 例如“WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质” (满在江2011, 5:24) 是从Chomsky的转换生成理论研究名词性从句;“翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译” (邓跃平, 2011, 8:35) 从认知—功能视角研究限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;“英语定语从句译法补遗之补遗” (曹明伦, 2011, 3:83) 从语篇翻译角度把定语从句归纳成五类, 提出了相应的翻译原则。

一些美国学者也认为定语从句 (亦称关系从句) 对于英语学习者来说较难学习, 因此在亚利桑那州立大学面向英语初学者开设的“美国英语和文化课程”中, 教材Basic English Grammar (Azar, 1995) 里不包括关系从句。

大学英语四级考试和大学英语六级考试的“汉译英”这项试题始终是考生失分较多的地方。几乎在每次考试, 该项考题都有需要被翻译成定语从句或名词性从句的汉语原文, 而这正是考试的难点之一, 考生容易出错。“As”一词也是难点, 在一次测验中, 笔者要求学生用“as”翻译句子里的五个短语, 结果三个班的学生 (共计约180人) 平均得分不到60分, 由此可见, 我们有必要探讨一下, 是否可以用较简洁易懂的方式给学生讲解清楚这些语言点。

1 名词性从句

首先, 我们要弄清楚两个语法词汇, 即“句子”和“从句”。完整的句子 (指包含主谓宾的句子) 包括陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。从句源于句子, 地位比句子低了一个层次, 只能作主句的一个成分。名词性从句是指具有名词性质的从句, 换句话说, 名词能作何种成分, 名词性从句就能作何种成分, 比如名词可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语, 那么把名词性从句放在这些成分的位置, 就构成了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。句子变成从句, 原来的形式需要一些改动:陈述句需要在它的前面加个“that”;一般疑问句需要变回陈述句, 再在其前面加个“whether”;特殊疑问句疑问词不变, 后面的句子变成陈述语序。

主语从句顾名思义是把名词性从句放在主语的位置作主语, 但由于“英语在组织句子信息时强烈偏好句尾重 (endweight) ” (Yule, 2002:257) , 所以我们需要变动一下语序。例如:

A:It is hard to understand.

B:What?

A:He can’t support himself.

B:Oh, I see.That he can’t support himself is hard to understand for you.*

恰当的英语表达应该是把主语从句放在句子后面, 用形式主语it占主语的位置, 原句变成:It is hard for you to understand that he can’t support himself.

2 定语从句

定语从句 (亦称关系从句) , 是指从句作定语, 用来修饰名词 (先行词) 、部分句子或整个句子 (先行项) 。该从句由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why和how加上缺一个成分的句子构成。关系代词在定语从句中作代词能作的成分, 例如主语、宾语、定语或表语, 关系副词在定语从句中作副词能作的成分, 例如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语。关系代词和关系副词中“关系”一词的含义是指它们与被修饰成分 (先行词) 有关系, 通过它们的关系或联系, 先行词可以在该定语从句中取代该关系代词或关系副词所作的成分。这样就容易理解含有定语从句的长句子了, 这也是英译汉的方法之一。

3 对比分析名词性从句与定语从句

从上文我们可以看出名词性从句本身是完整的句子, 不缺任何成分, 是陈述语序, 在主句中作名词能作的成分;定语从句是关系代词或关系副词加上一个缺一个成分的句子, 在主句中作定语, 前面有一个先行词或先行句。

举例说明:

Can you answer my question who your friend is?

I like the girl who is her sister.

1) 句划线部分是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 作“question”的同位语, 因此是名词性从句中的同位语从句。

2) 句划线部分不是陈述语序的特殊疑问句, 前面有个名词“the girl”, 因此它是修饰该先行词的定语从句。

对比图如表1所示。

需补充一点, what一词较特殊, 它作关系代词时, 是“先行词和关系代词的结合体” (张道真, 2008:283) , 因此可以看作“先行词加that”的集合体, 后面加上缺少一个代词能作的成分的句子, 引出定语从句时, what前面就没有先行词了。例如:

I don’t know what your trouble is.

What worries me is that you can’t speak English well.

从以上例句我们可以看出, what作为关系代词引出的句子不像定语从句, 因为它身兼二职, 前面没有名词作先行词, 没起到作定语修饰名词的作用, 倒起到了名词的作用, 如在例句3) 里作宾语;在例句4) 里作主语, 因此有一些语法学家认为what引出的从句是名词性从句。但是张道真认为, 关系代词what引出的是定语从句或称关系从句。笔者认为, 这是给一种特殊词汇用法起了两个名称, 没有必要深究, 该文依然按照张道真的观点论述。

4“As”的用法

As作连词的一个意思是“由于”, 该文不在此赘述。根据2005年出版的《牛津现代英汉双解词典》里的解释, as可以作关系代词, “相当于that, who, which”, 例如:

5) He lost, as you know.

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.

张道真对as做了较全面地研究:“As作为关系代词, 只能用在限制性关系从句中, 只能用在such, same, as或so后面, 不能用作所有格” (张道真, 2008:282) .

7) Such a student as works hard will succeed. (张道真, 2008:282)

8) The same accident as happened to you, had happened to me. (张道真, 2008:282)

9) As many children as come will be admitted. (张道真, 2008:282)

As也可引出非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面部分句子或整个句子, 例如:

10) I advised my brother, as was my duty. (张道真, 2008:288)

11) He became crazy, as many could see. (张道真, 2008:288)

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river. (张道真, 2008:288)

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor. (张道真, 2008:288)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词是be动词时, be动词可以省略, 例如:

14) The results as proclaimed in today’s newspapers are encouraging. (张道真, 2008:551)

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate. (张道真, 2008:551)

16) I will tell you a story as told by my mother. (张道真, 2008:551)

As引出的关系从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词相同时, 关系从句可以省略谓语动词, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.

从以上例句我们可以看出, as学起来确实不容易, 这个难度不单纯源于as复杂多样的用法, 更是由于词典对as的理解有些偏差。《牛津现代英汉双解词典》解释as是关系代词, 相当于“that, who, which”。然而, 笔者认为, as一词不能换成“that, who, which”, 因为as含有“像……”的意思, 而“that, who, which”不能表示“像……”的意思。此外, 如果as是关系代词, 引出定语从句, 那么定语从句应该修饰先行词, 先行词, 顾名思义, 是走在前面的词, 而定语从句则跟在它的后面, 但as引出的从句不都是跟在主句后面的。

因此笔者想出了一个较大胆的理解方法:as作关系代词时, 我们不妨把它理解成“like what”或“like+某人+who”, “like”在这里作介词, 表示“像”, 而as引出的从句可以理解成介词like加what引出的关系从句或like加某人加who引出的关系从句, 因此as及其引出的从句整体上可以看成介宾短语, 作主句的状语。

举例说明:

6) He is a writer, as is his wife.理解为:He is a writer, like the person who is his wife.

译文:他是一位作家, 正如他的妻子。

如果将“as”理解为“who”或“which”, 整句话就成了, “He is a writer, who is his wife.”或“He is a writer, which is his wife.”这些句子显然不合常理。

12) As has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.理解为:Like what has happened many times, children may get drowned in this river.

译文:像这样的事已发生多次, 在这条河里, 儿童易溺水身亡。

13) The result, as may be expected, is poor.理解为:The result, like what may be expected, is poor.

译文:正如人们预料的那样, 结果很差。

15) His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate.理解为:His ability, like what was displayed during the last three months, was inadequate.

译文:像他在过去三个月所表现出的那种能力是不够的。

20) Canadian law requires that the Nexen deal must be submitted for review by Industry Canada under the terms of the Canada Investment Act, as is the case for all large foreign investments in the country. (Global Times, 2012, 9, 13:14)

译文:加拿大法律规定, 根据加拿大投资法案的条约, 尼克森交易必须提交加拿大工业协会审议, 正如对待所有在加拿大做大笔投资的公司一样。”

As一词有“像……”的含义, 表示“如同……一样的 (另一个) ……”;that, who, which则表示与先行词是“同一个……”, 例如:

17) I had the same trouble as you.理解为:I had the same trouble like what you had.

译文:我曾经遇到和你一样的麻烦。

18) This is the same watch as I lost. (It is not mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

理解为:This is the same watch like what I lost.

译文:这块表像我曾经丢的那块表。

19) This is the same watch that I lost. (It is mine.) (张道真, 2008:282)

译文:这块表是我曾经丢的那块表。

每个词语的创造和存在都有它的独特的原因和意义, 如果as可以与“which, that, who”互换, 那么as还有何存在价值?通过以上诸多例句, 我们可以看到, as一词被词典解释为关系代词的这条用法可以表示“像什么那样”或“像某某那样”, 与“like what”或“like加某人加who”的意思和用法相同, 因此在理解句子意思时, 当as指某事或某物时, 可以用“like what”代替as;当as指某人时, 可以用“like加某人加who”代替as。这样理解, 就避免了将as等同于which, who或that所造成的语义理解偏差, 从而有助于英语学习者去准确理解进而正确运用。

参考文献

[1]Azar B S.Basic English Grammar[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall Regents, 1993:3.

[2]Brown, Douglas.Investment Troubles[N].Global Times, 2012, 9 (13) :14.

[3]Yule, George.Explaining English Grammar[M].Shanghai:Shang hai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002:257.

[4]曹明伦.英语定语从句译法补译之补译[J].西安外国语大学学报, 2011 (3) :83.

[5]邓跃平.翻译教学的事件分析途径——定语从句的翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2011 (8) :35.

[6]满在江.WH-从句作为小句——兼论小句的语段性质[J].山东外语教学, 2011 (5) :24-29.

名词性从句 篇8

一、主语从句

在句子中充当名词作用的各种从句被称作主语从句。值得注意的是, that从句位于句首时, 连词“that”是绝对不能省略的。

1.“that从句”作主语时, 常用“it”作形式主语, 避免头重脚轻。

(1) It+be+形容词 (possible, wonderful, likely, obvious, certain, etc.) +that从句。

例如:It is certain that she will perform well in the math competition.

(2) It+be+名词词组 (no wander, no surprise, a pity, etc.) +that从句。

例如:It is a pity that she can not get the scholarship.

(3) It+be+过去分词 (reported, believed, announced, etc.) +that从句。

(4) 例如:It is believed that Lei Feng is a kind person.2.“whether/if”引导的主语从句。

当it作形式主语时, 把主语从句放在句尾时可用“whether”或“if”。但是, 当主语从句放在句首时, 只能用“whether”不能用“if”。

例如:主语从句放于句首时, Whether he will come is still a problem.

主语从句放于句尾时, It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.

3.以特殊疑问词引导的主语从句。

当用特殊疑问词引导主语从句时, 常用“it”作形式主语, 语序一般为陈述语序。

例如:It has not been decided that who will be our class’s monitor.

4.以关系代词引导的名词性关系从句。

名词性关系从句事实上是先行词和它之后的定语从句的一种结合。

例如:What they need is sincere friendship.

他们所需要的是真正的友谊。

这句中的what=the things that/which, 即先行词“The things”和之后的定语从句“that/which they need”构成了名词性关系从句。“what”充当主语, “what they need”就是以“what”开头引导的名词性关系从句。

二、宾语从句

宾语从句中一般分为两种:作及物动词宾语和作介词宾语。

1.“that”从句引导的宾语从句。

作及物动词宾语时一般可以省略, 然而作介词宾语时“that”却很少可以省略。

例如:Do you think (that) he is a honest boy?

2.“that”从句一般只能作介词“in, except”等后面的宾语。

例如:He decided to give up in that he had run up of his money.

3.“whether/if”引导的宾语从句。

(1) 及物动词之后。宾语从句为否定句时只能用“if”, “whether”从句中不能有否定形式。 (I don’t know whether he doesn’t come.这句话是错误的。)

(2) 介词后。在介词后的宾语从句只能用“whether”不能用“if”。

例如:This decision will have effect on whether or not he wil succeed.

4.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。

(1) 作动词宾语。能够接特殊疑问词的宾语从句的动词很多, 像“see, hear, watch, etc.”

例如:I can’t imagine how he did it.

(2) 作介词宾语。

例如:We are worrying about what we should do next.

5.名词性关系从句。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. (凡是需要帮助, 他都会给予热情地帮助。)

这句中的“whoever=anyone who”, 可知“whoever”即作“give”的宾语, 由充当宾语从句的主语。

三、表语从句

1.“that”引导表语从句时不可省略。

例如:My opinion is that we should cherish our life everyday.

2.只用“whether”不用“if”。

例如:The question is whether we should eat the cake withou permission.

3.特殊疑问词一般跟在系动词之后。

例如:The problem is where we cannot figure out.

四、同位语从句

1.that引导的同为语从句一般是对前面的名词起到补充说明的作用, that只起到连接的作用, 但是不可省略。

2.只用“weather”不用“if”。

3.名词性关系从句。

例如:The mother gave her daughter a beautiful toy, exactly what she longed to have. (很明显, 后半句是对“the toy”的补充说明。)

五、名词性从句在英语等级考试中的应用。

名词性从句在英语等级考试中常常以完型, 单项甚至是阅读上考查考生的思维运用能力。特别是强调考生能区分定语从句和名词性从句的差异, 从而正确地做题。例如:

1.Quality iscounts most.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

解析:考查名词性从句的连接词。“What counts most”相当于“all that counts most”, 意思为最重要的东西。

2.However, when we observe the language behavior of______ we regard as primitive cultures, we find it surprisingly complicated.

A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.what

解析:句意为:然而, 当我们观察那些在我们看来属于原始文化的语言行为时, 我们发现他们复杂得令人惊讶。

在本句中, 我们可知是考查名词性从句引导词的用法。这个词既要能作of的宾语, 又能作名词性从句regard的宾语。从选项中得知, 只有D符合。因为what引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语等成分。

3.There is no evidence________antibiotics, or anti-vira medicines help, so doctors can offer only supportive care.

A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what

解析:还没有证据能显示抗生素和抗病毒药物能治愈非典, 所以医生只采用治疗性方法。

很明显, 这句旨在考查考生对同为语从句的认知。“There is no evidence”后必须跟“that”, 起到解释说明的作用。本题很容易就选出正确答案B。

4.Facebook, a social networking site that began in 2004 as a way for college students to keep in touch has expanded to allow everyone to create their own Facebook page.Since then, Facebook has carved a niche for itself in the tech world as a company that is willing to break though the traditional barriers of business.

Facebook distinguished itself when () .

A.It broke through the traditional barriers.

B.It allowed people to create their own page.

C.It provided a platform for communication.

D.Developers began to drive new programs.

解析:在阅读时考生往往由于时间或者是粗心的原因误选A。从文章可知答案就在第二句, 然而有些考生误以为这是主语从句 (that is willing to break though the traditional barriers of business.) , 匆匆下定论。如果仔细分析, 我们就可得知这只是修饰“company”的定语从句, 答案A就必定是错误的。

六、结语

毋庸置疑, 名词性从句在英语等级考试中的考查点还是很多的。考生对名词性从句分析的能力不是一朝一夕就可以培养的。这需要对名词性从句的基本知识的了解和掌握, 注意语法方面容易出错的地方。只有经过平时认真练习积累, 考生才能准确地分析有关名词性从句的考题, 甚至能正确分析阅读理解时碰到的长句, 更好地理解阅读的内容, 从而选择正确的答案。

摘要：名词性从句一直以来都是英语等级考试中的考点。名词从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。一般来说, 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句, 以及同位语从句。本文对这些从句进行归纳和分析, 为考生的英语等级考试提供借鉴, 减少其在英语等级考试中的失误。

关键词：英语等级考试,名词性从句,应用分析

参考文献

[1]赵体华.名词性从句重难点揭秘[J].新高考, 2010, (1) .

[2]胡雯雯.浅析英语语法中的名词性从句[J].现代企业教育, 2009, (20) .

[3]谭福成.全面剖析名词性从句[J].新高考, 2011, (6) .

[4]张剑.考研英语语法精讲[M].世界图书版公司出版社, 2012.

名词性从句 篇9

关键词：名词后置定语,定语从句,关系

英语中有多种多样的短语可以放在名词后面作定语, 这样可以增加被修饰的名词的信息量, 限制该名词的语义范畴, 使该名词的所指更具体化。

例如:

(1) The books on the shelf are mine.书架上的书是我的。 (介词短语)

(2) She is the woman responsible for the improvement.她是那位负责改进工作的女士。 (形容词短语)

(3) The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.最后一位离开沉船的人是船长。 (动词不定式短语)

(4) I come from a city located in the soutern part of the country.我来自我们国家南方的一个城市。 (过去分词短语)

(5) We have an apartment overlooking the park.我们拥有一套俯瞰公园的公寓。 (现在分词短语)

从表层结构上看, 作名词后置定语修饰的短语与定语从句不同, 一个是短语, 另一个是从句。事实上, 从深层次结构来看, 任何作后置定语修饰的短语都可以看成是一个省略的定语从句。因此, 上面的五个作名词后置修饰的短语的例句都可以用定语从句表示为:

(1) The books that are on the shelf are mine.

(2) She is the woman who is responsible for the improvement.

(3) The last man who left the sinking ship was the captain.

(4) I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country.

(5) We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

把作名词后置定语的短语看成是省略的定语从句, 是因为所有关系代词作主语的定语从句都可以省略用短语来表示, 其省略过程按照以下要求:

1. 定语从句中, 关系代词作主语, 谓语动词为“be”或含有“be”时, 可以省略关系代词“be”动词, 用短语表示:

a) The boy who is talking to John is from Korea.

a) The boy talking to John is from Korea.

正在同约翰讲话的男孩是朝鲜人。

b) The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

b) The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

那本书中提出的看法很有趣。

c) People who are present at the meeting are university students.

c) People present at the meeting are university students.

出席会议的是大学生。

2. 当定语从句中关系代词作主语, 谓语动词没有“be”动词时, 可以省略关系代词, 并把从句谓语动词改成现在分词或动词不定式:

a) English has an alphabet which consists of 26 letters.

a) English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.

英文字母表中有26个字母。

b) Anyone who wants to pass the test should study hard.

b) Anyone wanting to pass the test should study hard.

想考试及格的人必须努力学习。

c) Amelia Earhart was the first womam who flew solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

c) Amelia Earhart was the first womam to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

阿米莉亚·厄赫特是第一个独飞大西洋的女性。

3. 在非限定性定语从句中, 省略要求与限定性定语从句一样。

d) Geoge Washington, who was the first president of the US, was a wealthy colonist.

d) Geoge Washington, the first president of the US, was a wealthy colonist.

美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿是位富有的殖民地开拓者。

e) Hawaii, which comprises eight principle islands, is a favorite vacation spot.

e) Hawaii, comprising eight principle islands, is a favorite vacation spot.

夏威夷由八个主要岛屿组成, 是理想的度假胜地。

名词性从句六注意 篇10

(一)不可多that

在同一个从句中的who, whom, which, what, how, when, where, if等词之前,不可再用that。

He doesn’t know that when they arrived here. (去掉that)

(二)不可少that

引导名词性从句的that在下列情况下不可省略:①宾语从句被分隔时;②宾语从句不止一个时;③引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时。

1. I don’t doubt, in any case, he keeps his word. (he前加that)

2. I could see what was happening and Tom was nearly frightened. (and后加that)

3. She is still alive is a relief. (句首加That)

4. My idea is we should act on his suggestion. (is后加that)

5. We heard the news our team had won. (news后加that)

(三)that与what的用法

that没有意义,只起引导作用,不作成分;what为“……的东西/事物”,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补。

1. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what

2. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect certain culture differences.

A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which

3. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ____ it is today.

A. which .B. thatC. whatD. how

4. The word media basically refers to ____ we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.

A. whichB. whatC. whyD. that

(四)区分that, because和why

有些名词如reason, cause作句子主语时,其后的表语从句常用 that引导,不用because;because引导表语从句时用于句型That’s because…,说明产生上述结果的原因;why引导从句时说明由上述原因导致的必然结果。

1. The reason for her absence was because she was ill. (because→that)

2. I was late for school this morning. That’s why I stayed up too late last night. (why→because)

(五)区分that, if, whether

1.在doubt后面的宾语或同位语从句中,肯定句常跟whether或if引导的从句;否定句常跟that引导的从句。

I doubt that that was what he wanted. (第一个that→if/whether)

2.if和whether

用whether不用if的情况:

①引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时;②在介词后引导宾语从句时;③后面直接跟动词不定式时;④后面紧跟or not时。

1. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where

2. It all depends on ____ they will support us.

A. whetherB. whatC. ifD. that

3. He doesn’t know ____ to stay or not.

A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will

4. We didn’t know ____ or not she was ready.

A. if B. whatC. that D. whether

(六)语序(用陈述语序)