学英语it用法研究

学英语it用法研究（共3篇）

学英语it用法研究 篇1

1. 实义的it

实义的it用来指代具体的内容。

1.1指代上文提过的生物或非生物, 复数形式为they。例如:

The earth is the planet that we live on.It is the fifth largest planet of the solar system.

This car is not fast enough.It can only do 60 miles an hour.

John is in the shool football team.It was reorganized last year.

“Where is the cat?”“It is in the garden.”

“Where are the cats?”“They are in the garden.”

1.2 指代上文提过的性别不明或无须指明性别的小孩。例如:

To feed a child without also educating it is a fault in the father.

What’s matter with the baby?It has been crying.

Her baby is due next month.She hopes it will be boy.

1.3 作主语时指代上文提过的人，后跟系表结构，用以指明该人的身份。例如：

“Who is that at the door?”“It’s the postman.”

The footsteps drew nearer and she saw from behing the curtain who her visitor was.And shi opened the door to welcome her.It was Maria Cragg. (文中的主人已知客人是谁, 所以在使用It之前就使用了her, 但读者依然不明白, 所以最后用It作主语, 后跟系表结构, 指明该人的身份。)

1.4 作主语，指代谓语部分所说明的自然现象(如：风、雨、热、冷)、季节、时间、距离、环境等。例如：

It was raining hard when he got off the train.

Is it very cold in your country in December?

It was high time (that) we had a rest.

It was early spring/1986 when we first met.

It is six months since he lost his job.

It won’t be long before we meet again.

It is only two hours’ride/eighty miles to Cleveland.

It is very dark/pretty/crowded/noisy/dirty in the room.

1.5 指代上下文或一定语境所表明的情况、事件等。例如：

“I’m trying to change my job.”“You’ll find it difficult.” (it指调换工作这件事。)

“I’ll have to work all night through.”“It is awful.”(it指你彻夜工作这件事。)

You’ll be in trouble before you know it.(it指你陷入困境这件事。)

English is very important, and we all know it.(it指英语的重要性。)

When the factory closes, it will mean 500 redundancies. (it指工厂倒闭这件事。有些学者把此处及以下四个句子中it解释为形式主语或形式宾语, 但却无法解释没有真正的主语/宾语何来形式主语/宾语。)

I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the work.(it指你帮助我工作这件事。)

I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.(it指人们边吃东西边讲话这一情况。)

He likes it when Mary is with him. (it指Mary的陪伴。)

It is dull when Mary is away. (it指无Mary相陪的状况。)

“Isn’t it lovely here?”“Yes, I like it here.”(it指这儿的环境。)

It seems that no one has any objection to the idea.(it指作为话题的事实、情况。有些学者把此处的it解释为形式主语，但却回避seem不能单独作谓语这一事实，或无法解释为什么主语从句不能复位。)

It happens that his sister is a close friend of mine. (同上)

It must be that I made a mistake about him. (同上)

2. 半实义的it

半实义的it处于主语或宾语的位置，替代某些形式的真正意义上的主语或宾语。

2.1 作形式主语，替代不定式短语、动名词短语及名词性从句，把这类较长的主语移至句尾，使句子显得匀称。例如：

It is a great pleasure to be working with you.

It is necessary for you to obey the order.

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

It was fortunate that there was a doctor at the spot.

It doesn’t matter what he thinks.

2.2 作形式宾语，替代不定式短语、动名词短语及名词性从句，后接宾语补足句，把这类较长的宾语移至宾语补足句之后，使句子显得匀称。例如：

We consider it foolish of him to meet her.

Jane found it dull working at the kitchen sink all day.

George made it clear that he disagreed.

I take it for granted that you all know this.

3. 虚义的it

it本身无意义。用于强调结构，强调句子中的某一成分，这一成分往往是说话人认为对方所不清楚的。例如：

It was Jim that/who shot a bear yesterday.

It was abear that Jim shot yesterday.

It was yesterday that Jim shot a bear.

It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a silk handbag.

Was it because he was ill that he didn’t attend the lecture?

Where was it that you found the wallet?

It was noy until he came that we started.

学英语it用法研究 篇2

It分为两种情况，一种是指代性it,另一种则为非指代性it。在此为大家介绍it的几种用法。

指代性it一般是指人称代词it， it作人称代词时可指代事物、动物、婴儿、未知的人或一件事。

例句1：It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. 这句话中第二个it就是指代前面的theory。这是一个许多经济学家赞同的理论，但是在实际中，它往往会使得铁路处于一个决定哪些公司会兴旺，哪些公司会衰败的地位中。

例句2： Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 在这句话中，it指代a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected 这一情况。除非这些问题得到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方法也可能随之受到排斥。

第二种情况是非指代性it。非指代性it是相对于作人称代词的it而言的。他们往往没有具体意义上的主语，它用于表示气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等。非指代性it常作seem, appear, look, happen, occur, follow等动词的主语，构成特定的句型。

例句：From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.这句中it没有实际意义，为非指代性用法，that引导表语从句。从热点人口分析中可以看出，非洲板块是静止不动的，而且在过去的三百万年中也从未移动过。

当然，在考研考试中，it的重难点更加具体和明确。

it 做先行词。it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It作形式主语时，往往放在句首，将真正的主语(动词不定式、动名词、从句)放在之后。其中it可作形式主语指代不定式，这时常见的谓语有：take, pay, make, cost, require, feel, annoy, need等。另外，it形式主语指代It形式主语指代从句，而且主要形式为It is+a.+than; It is+n.+that; It is+done+that; It+vi+that;

例如：It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspaper.

It做形式宾语是放在谓语动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等。后接it作形式宾语的谓语动词有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count等。

引导强调句的it。同学们所熟悉的强调句型中，它的基本形式就是“it+be的某种形式+that/who从句”。当被强调部分是人时须用who, 其他情况用that。例句：Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. 在because从句中就运用了it was ….that的强调句型，强调部分为the Federal Circuit itself. 对商业方法专利申请的限制将会是一个巨大的改变，因为这些专利正是联邦巡回法院自己在审理一个被称作“美国道富银行”的案件时提出的，判决中巡回法院批准了一项共同基金资产集资方法的专利。

it作句子的真正主语

1.it 指前面已经提到过的人或事物，有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物，作真正主语。

例如：

What’s this? -It is a sheep? 这是什么??这是一只绵羊。

Who is it? -It’s me (I). 谁??是我。

It’s the wind shaking the window. 是风刮得窗户响。

2.it指时间、季节。一般用在无人称动词的主语。

例如：

What time is it? -It’s nine. 几点了??九点了。

It’s time for the meeting. Let’s go. 开会的时间到了，我们走吧。

What day is today? -It’s Saturday. 今天星期几??今天星期六。

What’s the date today? -It is October 1st.

今天是几号? ?今天是十月一日。

What season is it? -It is summer. 现在是什么季节??是夏季。

3.it 指气候。一般作无人称动词的主语。

例如：

Is it cold in this room? -No, it isn’t. 屋里冷吗??不冷。

What’s the weather like today? -It is fine.

今天天气怎么样??是晴天。

It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.

这个城市夏天经常下雨，冬天经常下雪。

4.it指距离、情况等。一般用作无人称动词的主语。

例如：

It is five kilometers from my home to the school.

从我家到学校有五公里。

It is very near from this factory to that one.

从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。

It is a long way to the sea. 离海很远。

Is it well with you? 你身体好吗?

it作形式主语

动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可以用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

1.It +谓语+动词不定式。It 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。

例如：

It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。

It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是个好习惯。

It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。

It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。

2.It+谓语+动名词短语。It 作形式主语，动名词短语作真正的主语。

例如：

It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。

It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。

It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。

3.It +谓语+名词性从句。It 作形式主语，以that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。

例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.

你没看这么好的电影，真可惜。

It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们一定会成功。

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.

真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。

(It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。

如：It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.

他居然犯了这样一个错误，真奇怪。

It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.

居然没有人知道他住在哪里，真奇怪。)

It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.

据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。

it 用于强调结构

在表示强调的结构中，it 可用作先行代词，这种结构的句型如下：It +is/was +被强调的部分+that +其他部分。如果强调的部分是人，可用who, whom 代替that.

例如：

Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。

强调主语：It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

强调间接宾语：It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.

强调直接宾语：It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.

强调状语：It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.

It was here that I first met him. 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。

(强调状语)

It is the people who are realy powerful.

翻译练习

1)该上课了，快。

It is time for class. Hurry up.

2)从这儿到你们学校远吗??不远，大约一公里。

Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.

3)从我家到颐和园去很近。

学英语it用法研究 篇3

1.Why shouldn’t I buy a new coat — I haven’t bought _____ for five years.A.it B.that C.one D.which 2.He made _____ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.A.that

B.it C.himself D.him

3.It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat.A.as

B.when C.since D.that

4.The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they

B.it

C.one D.which

5._______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.A.It, that C.As, as

B.As, /

D.It, which

6.— I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.— I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.A.that B.it C.this D.what

7.Does ________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it

8.They are good friends._______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.A.This C.There

B.That D.It

9.They live on a busy main road.______ must be very noisy.A.There B.It C.That D.They

10.Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?

A.this C.that

B.what D.it

11.“Look at that lady on the stage.She’s already forty.” “You are joking.She doesn’t look ________.”

A.so C.that

B.it D.this

13._______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift.A.As;Which B.What;that C.It;that D.It;which

14.In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.A.this B.that C.it D.the following

【 it 用法 答案与解析】

1.选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。

2.选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn’t want to enter politics。3.选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。

4.选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前有并列连词but。

5.选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B： _______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.A.It, that B.As, / C.As, as D.It, which

6.选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.7.选 D。it doesn’t matter if…, does it matter if… 等为英语常用表达。8.选 D。it’s no wonder that… 意为“难怪……”、“……不足为怪”，为英语固定表达，其中的 it’s 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that…。如：

No wonder(that)he didn’t want to go.难怪他不想去。9.选B。it 指环境。

10.选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it.12.选 B。it 指 her age。look one’s age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。13.选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。