阅读七选五

2024-06-17

阅读七选五(精选9篇)

阅读七选五 篇1

自从2009年自主命题以来, 辽宁省高考英语试卷中就出现了一个新的题型———阅读七选五。顾名思义, 即从七个备选答案中选出五个选项填入原文中的恰当位置。这一题型主要考查学生的逻辑思维能力, 对很多不了解英语思维能力的学生提出了挑战, 让他们感觉无从下手。笔者将从以下方面细致分析阅读七选五题型的难点及应对方法。

一、阅读七选五题型难点分析

阅读七选五题之所以难, 主要有两个原因:

(一) 考查学生的逻辑思维能力

阅读七选五题主要考查考生的逻辑能力, 包括整篇语言逻辑和句与句之间以及上下文逻辑关系的判断。而这往往是熟悉了中文行文逻辑的中国考生所缺少的能力 (陈静2010) 。例如, 大家耳熟能详的汉语表达方式:“今天我起来晚了, 没有赶上早班车。”而英语的表达方式为:“因为今天我起来晚了, 我才没有赶上早班车。”或者“今天我起来晚了, 所以没有赶上早班车。”由此可见, 汉语的表达方式缺乏关联词的使用, 这就造成了学生不会灵活地运用及通过逻辑联词对文章进行深层次的理解。

文章语句间的组合, 除了从语句间的意义关系分析外, 还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握, 即句子之间存在一定的逻辑关系 (翟艳2012) 。阅读七选五这一题型常考查的逻辑关系如下:

因果关系 (如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等) ;

并列关系 (如first, second, third...;for one thing, for another thing...) ;

转折关系 (如however, though, on the contrary, otherwise等) ;

层递关系 (如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition等) 。

上述逻辑关系中学生最难把握的是转折关系和因果关系, 这与上文提到的中文表达不注重逻辑有关, 而英文语义之间的逻辑关系无处不在。下面将以具体实例进行详细分析。

例一:

Satisfaction is key

该题C项为错误选项, 原因是学生没有注意到“however”这个词, 同时后文又有两处出现了“interests”这一词, 其主要内容也围绕如何发展兴趣展开。但是, 如果对文章的逻辑关系敏感, 就会发现C项和下文不能构成转折关系, 而E项带回原文则非常合适。该题出错的原因就是, 学生只注重关键词的复现, 而忽视了句子之间的逻辑关系。

另外, 还有一些文章没有给出明显的转折性词语, 而是通过文章的文本内容构成了上下文的转折关系, 这类习题则更需要巧妙地结合文章的主旨, 仔细钻研文本, 得出正确答案。

例二:2013年新课标卷

该篇文章就属于通过文章的文本内容构成了转折关系。71空前讲述的是一些商业机构以盈利为目的, 而空后则讲述了非盈利性质的慈善机构是非政府性质服务的提供者, 也就是说, 前后文在意义上构成了转折关系, 因此选项为D。However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs。通过转折关系而合理地衔接了上下文。

除了转折性的逻辑关系, 因果关系也是考生难以把握的, 下面将以具体实例进行详细分析。

例:

A.listen to your customer’s complaints and you can improve your service.

E.So it’s important to learn to deal with customer complaints efficiently.

错误选项A是祈使句, 虽然内容与上下文可衔接, 但祈使句表达的是一种建议或命令;而正确选项E通过So与前文构成了因果关系, 并且合理地引出了下文:You should listen actively to what the customer has to say by maintaining comfortable eye contact.

同样, 难度增加的是文本意义上的因果关系, 下面将以具体实例进行详细分析。

例:

B.As a result, she lost the contest.

F.They talked it over and finally decided to simply ask her what she had said.

该段落第1题根据上文内容以及事情正常发展的逻辑顺序应选择F。虽然正确选项与上文构成了逻辑意义上的因果关系, 却未出现任何表因果关系的衔接词。第2题正确选项B。虽然用了“As a result”这一表示因果关系的衔接词, 但还是以文本上的因果逻辑为主。

可见, 要想在逻辑关系题型中不丢分, 学生除了在做答时对一些表逻辑关系的信号词敏感外, 还要注重逻辑与文本的合理衔接, 也就是说, 不能以方法代替文本, 只重视方法却忽视了文章内容。

(二) 干扰项的存在

除了上述提到的逻辑关系造成的障碍以外, 阅读七选五题的另一个难点是干扰项。备选答案中含有两个干扰选项, 这两个干扰项在表面上看往往与正确答案有一定的相关性, 这给考生解题带来很大的困难。这两个选项如果译成汉语, 差别并不大, 但是从英文的逻辑思维进行分析, 则差别很大。下面将通过例子具体分析如何区别干扰项。

例:2015年全国卷II

因为后文出现了“stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes”涉及训练前的准备工作, 而错误选项F选项恰好有“preparation” (准备) 这个词;可是如果仔细阅读文本就会发现整个文章是以时间为逻辑顺序的, 37题后文内容为跑前的准备工作, 而错误选项F的内容是“准备工作的时间提高了训练的质量”。

由此可见, 错误选项往往会出现一个引起注意的关键词, 但是却忽视了整个文章的逻辑关系或者与下文内容的衔接。

学生要想在七选五题中得满分, 必须注意以下四点:

1. 注意整个文章的篇章结构

英文中出现频率最高的是“总—分”或“总—分—总”的关系, 因此, 只要快速浏览, 就能明确文章的篇章结构。

2. 注意文章内容的逻辑关系

文章内容的逻辑关系确认需要通过仔细阅读文章内容来实现, 尤其要结合文章的主旨及每段的段意, 并且要研究空格所在位置, 研究上下文的文本内容。

3. 注重干扰项的排除

一般情况下, 干扰项都是围绕某一正确答案编写的。如果在这一环节能够明确互为干扰项的选项, 则会大大缩短答题时间, 并提高正确率。但该方法因题而异, 并不适合所有的习题。

4. 注重文本的内容

在掌握了大量的解题方法后, 最容易忽略的是文章的内容, 所以, 一定要避免只重方法而轻视语义的情况。

二、阅读七选五题解题方法

如何在有限的时间内找出正确选项?阅读七选五题的正确答题步骤以及每一步骤需要注意什么?

(一) 快速浏览全文

面对一篇阅读七选五文章, 首先要做的是忽视所空选项, 把整个文章从头到尾读一遍。在这个过程中, 要归纳出文章的主旨, 画出每段的主题句, 同时明确文章的结构关系, 其中大多数文章是“总—分—总”或“总—分”的结构。

(二) 研究选项

在掌握了文章主旨后, 就要研究七个备选选项了, 在此过程中要注意以下两点:

1. 研究选项的结构关系及主旨

如果文章存在总—分的关系, 备选选项也会存在总—分关系。这时, 考生就要明确哪个选项属于总述, 哪一选项属于分述。

2. 研究选项的内容

在确定了选项之间的结构关系后, 如果能发现某一选项和文章的主旨相悖, 可以马上排除该选项, 但是这种解题方法要慎用, 因为很容易在对文章主旨掌握不太清楚的时候把正确选项排除掉。

(三) 研究文章句子之间的逻辑关系

在理清了文章的主旨、结构以及研究了备选选项之后, 下一步就要根据空格所在位置研究句子之间的逻辑关系。在这个过程中, 要注意空格所在的位置, 并结合文章的结构与主旨作答。

(四) 把所选选项带入文章

通过这一方式进一步考查所选选项是否为正确答案, 在这个过程中要注意文章内容是否衔接合理, 结构是否得当, 关键词是否一致。

(五) 研究多余的干扰选项

如果在完成上述四个步骤后还不能百分之百正确地把握选对, 这时可以研究多余选项, 正如上文所提到的——多余选项都存在着一定的瑕疵, 有可能和文章的主旨内容相悖, 也有可能与上下文衔接不到位, 还有可能是关键词的改变。

下面将以具体实例详细阐述解题的步骤及方法:

1. Budget!Budget!Budget!

2. People always talk.You have to learn to ignore them!

3. Confused about a major?

4. Set goals!

A.It would be smart to avoid that.

B.Time management is of great important.

C.Others work against their college authorities.

D.At the same time, don’t overburden yourself.

E.Buy your books and supplies only if necessary.

F.Or are you already in college and still worried a lot?

G.Still not sure if you want to continue in the same major?

该篇文章在快速浏览全文后很容易看出其为总—分结构, 内容围绕“即将来到的大学生活”给学生提供了建议, 因每段给出了小标题, 降低了文章的难度。根据文章的内容确定36题与上文构成并列关系, 并且选项中只有F项能起到总述的作用。

在确定了文章的主旨及段意后, 发现B项与每段的主旨都不符合, 可以果断排除。37、39、40题可以根据段意及关键词很容易选出答案, 分别是E、G、D。由此可见, 阅读七选五题的作答可以秉承先易后难的原则。

剩下的A, B选项明显为干扰项, 如果不仔细分析, 很容易根据前文的“Some people...”而选择含有“others”的C选项, 造成这个错误的原因是思维定势, 不注重文章的内容衔接。实际上, 只要仔细分析该段的段意是“不理会别人不必要的评论”, 而C选项的主旨是“抵制学校的权威机构”, 就会发现其与文章的主旨相悖。

综上所述, 要想提高阅读七选五题的作答正确率, 就要既重视方法, 又注意结合文章的主旨, 两者缺一不可。

摘要:通过分析英语阅读七选五题型的特点和难点, 认为该题型难以解答主要存在逻辑关系障碍和存在干扰项两大原因。例举了阅读七选五题型的解题方法, 并归纳了提高答题正确率的策略, 指出不能只重视方法而忽视文意。

关键词:阅读七选五,逻辑思维能力,解题步骤,方法

参考文献

陈静.2010.中学英语多元阅读的探究[J].学苑教育, (6) :39.

翟艳.2012.高考英语七选五题型的做题技巧[J].时代报告学术版, (10) :293.

阅读七选五 篇2

1. 如果问题设在段首

(1)通常是段落的主题句 ,认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句

(2)与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等。 着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词,通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。

(3)段落间的过渡句。 这时要瞻前顾后找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 如果问题设在段尾

(1).空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词。

(2.)通常是结论,概括性语句 。注意在选项中查找表示结果结论,总结等的信号词。Therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

(3.)与前文是转折或对比关系

此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立,对比关系。

(4.)与前文是并列或排比关系

在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他线索。

高二英语学习技巧

1、尽可能多的讲英语

学习英语就是为了能够更好的交流,因此英语的“说”的能力是至关重要的,不过我们周围很多的朋友并不能开口说好英语,这主要也跟他们的心理素质有关,因此首先要克服自己的心理障碍,尽可能多的开口讲英语,同时试着将大部分的时间花在和比你讲得好的人交谈。

2、看英语电视或者听英语录音

正确的学习英语,在听和说里面,要注意把握节奏感,这种节奏感可以通过观看英语电视或者录音来体会,针对初级学习者,要注意多听英语录音,试着听话语的速度,以及它是在哪一种语境下发音的,语调又是什么样的,在外界环境下的发音是可以让学习者真切感受到语言的特点的。

3、犯错误及时纠正

在学习英语的过程中,难免会犯各种各样的错误,有些学习者由于各方面的原因害怕犯错误,而没有将自己投入到英语的学习中,学习时畏手畏脚,不能很好的理解英语句子的含义也不敢说出自己的真实想法。其实这并不利于英语的学习,学习一门外来语言最重要的就是弄懂它的意思掌握它的用法,犯的错误越多对自己的帮助就会越多,一定不要害怕错误,有了错误及时纠正就可以了,不要将错误忽略或者掩饰掉才能将英语技能真正提高和掌握。

4、必要时报名英语学习培训班

必要时报个英语学习培训班,比如外教一对一课程,课时费一次一结,灵活上课,且费用风险小,受到了众多同学的欢迎。

5、坚持良好的学习习惯 无论学习计划做的再好,没有好的学习习惯对于学习英语来说也是没有多大用处的,好的学习习惯可以让我们事半功倍,花最少的时间学更多的知识。这种习惯是在平时的生活和学习总结出的经验。

如何学好英语

单词是基础——巧学单词

单词是我们学好英语的基础,要学好英语,我们必须首先学好单词!有的同学不想背单词,学单词,毕竟这是一件痛苦的差事,确实,但是如果你拥有学单词的方法技巧了,痛苦中也会有不少乐趣。

单词需要有技巧的背。如“ill”这个单词,它的其中一个意思是“生病的”,我们根据它的发音变音成“药”,然后你再用联想记忆法记成“生病了当然要吃药咯”;如“against”,意思是“反对”、“对什么不利”等,我们就可以根据它的发音记忆为“我哽死它对我不利”、“我反对我哽死它”等等;如“history”,“历史”,我们根据它的发音来记忆成“历史太可怕了,都嘿死托瑞了”。

语法是主线——贯通语法

单词就像一个个珠子,而语法就是串珠子的线子,所以,学好语法是非常重要的,有珠子没线子珠子也是白费。

首先我们要有一本好的语法书。语法书不在多,一本就够了,但这本语法书必须要讲得好,自己可以多渠道了解一下这些书籍,选择一本好的就得了。在看语法书学习时要认真思考,用心分析。

练习是保障——勤加练习

练习是非常重要的,你学懂的单词和语法都能在练习中得以体现。通过练习,回归单词和语法,不断提升自我英语水平。无论是完型填空,单项选择,阅读理解,改错,还是书面表达,我们都要勤加练习!

练习得有计划的进行,不能盲目。不要一下去看语法,一下去做改错,一下又去看文章,一下又去写作的,这样你时间花费了,最后脑海里什么都没有。所以要给自己的学习制定一个学习计划,定期复习和巩固已学懂的知识点。

五招破解七选五阅读 篇3

[词汇浮现法]

这种方法是最直接的一种解题的方法。同学们可以通过对比选项和文章,看有没有重复使用某一个词,或者二者之间有同根词。

例1 Inner peace may seem almost unachievable and maybe even unreal for many. However, there is a secret. Inner peace is only partly decided by outer circumstances. Mainly, it is a choice you must make for yourself. 36 This requires constant practice,but with practice your inner peace can become a habit, and then, a reality. These are the steps you may start with.

1.Simplify

Simplicity contributes to inner peace because it allows you to direct your energy and effort into one single point.Get rid of everything that blocks you,including acquaintances and friends who may only disturb you. 37 Don’t let unnecessary information like TV news into your life.

2.Direct your mind on the present moment

The only time that truly exists is this present moment. Past was once the present, and future will once too, become the present. 38 Or with the unpredictable future,which is in fact nothing more than your fantasy. So be focused on the present. Give all your best to it, and simply live.

3.Smile

A simple smile does wonders. 39 It can instantly change mood of others as well as your own.Smile to members of your family, smile to your coworkers, smile to everybody you meet. Smile even to yourself in the mirror if there’s nobody else around.While smiling, you can’t help but feel calmness, happiness and love.

4.Keep calm

If you find yourself anxious,take few deep breaths and wait to fully calm down before taking any kind of action or decision. 40 The ability to keep calm and focus among chaos and changes is a true sign of inner peace.

A. Try to think of what good it also did you.

B. Rushing anything leads only to poor outcomes.

C. Stop and think about how fortunate you really are.

D. It can help to soften hearts and make “no” into“yes”.

E. Throw out or give away everything that you don’t really need.

F. For all that matters, you should not involve yourself with things gone.

G. You can be calm and peaceful in any situation by surprisingly, simply choosing to.

解析 GEFDB。第1段讲述了内心的平静只有一部分由外界因素决定,它更多的是源于自身所做的选择。It is a choice you must make for yourself.中的choice和G选项里面的choosing属于同根词,因此这道题可以考虑G选项。经过验证这个题就应该选G。

[词汇锁定法]

词汇锁定法是通过关注空前后的词汇,在选项中查找相关的同义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语。比如例1第4条中的anxious和B选项中的rushing就有相关性。

例2 (2015新课标II卷) When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double check the fit. . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

解析 E。前面说当你发现看着合适的鞋子,穿着走几天再看看是不是合脚。选项E中说如果它们还是(让你)感觉不错,就可以穿着它们开始跑步。显然,这里的they和them指的都是shoes,指代一致。另外这个选项里说的feel good文中说的the fit指的都是鞋子穿着合脚。所以确定E选项就是要找的答案。

[句意判断法]

句意判断法要注意两个方面,一是句子前后文相似句型的查找,二是要确切理解意思,合乎文章的逻辑。

例3 (2015新课标Ⅱ卷) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of runs. , buy the best fitting, best-built running shoes you can find.

解析 C。设空后面是个逗号,然后跟了一个祈使句,说明这里需要的是一个状语,那么AC选项首先在语法上是符合要求的。再来看空前说马拉松训练需要细致的准备和跑步长度上渐进的提升,后面说的是购买你能找到的最合适最好的跑鞋,就知道这个是为跑马拉松进行的准备,是在训练前做的事情,所以C在语意上也符合了要求。

[关联逻辑法]

这个方法是通过文章和选项中的表示逻辑关系的关联词(比如表示并列、递进转折、让步等关系)入手,找出能体现相应逻辑关系的选项。

例4 (2013新课标I卷) Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润)—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

解析 DCAEB。第71空前面说大部分商业机构追求利润,而后面说的是非营利组织nonprofits,说明前后方向相反,那么所填的内容必须符合使话题一转的作用。however正好表现这种转折关系,代入D选项验证,就可知这个就是我们要选择的答案。

[设题位置法]

设空位于段首一般用来表明本段的中心大意,如果位于中间一般是过渡句或起细节理解的作用,如果在段末则一般作为本段的归纳、总结。

我们先来看看问题设空在段首。通常在选择段首句时要认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致的原则,查找同义词或相关内容。

例5 Always stressed

4 You’re not giving your body time to recover,so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer. The fact that we can stay connected to the workplace whenever we are in the world is feeding deep-seated insecurities.

A. Seeking work/life balance.

B. You are remindless of your own health.

C. Some people are becoming increasingly concerned about this syndrome (综合症).

D. The negative impacts of this “always on” culture are that your mind is never resting.

E. You are nervous if your phone is getting low on paper.

F. We now consume media for more hours than we sleep.

G. The app—Moment.

解析 D。这一题就是典型的段首句。通过阅读后面的文章可知本段讲的是“永远在线”给人们带来心理压力和不安全感,生理和心理健康都会因此受到折磨。选项D中的never resting与本段中的not giving your body time to recover,tired是相对应的,且the negative inpacts就是对后文内容的概括。这里段首就是这个段落的主题句,后面则是对这个问题展开的解释和分析。

接下来我们再用一个例子来看看设空在段尾。如果空设在段尾通常是结论、概括性的语句。要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论的信号词,如therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等。

例如在一篇题为Some Unmissable and Positive Habits to Live a Happier Life的文章里最后一空:

例6 End each day with gratitude

Just before you go to bed, write down at least one wonderful thing that happened. It might be something as small as a child’s laugh or something as huge as a million dollar deal. 5

A. Focus on the present moment.

B. Laugh in the middle of a busy day.

C. Be a part of something you believe in.

D. Find time to work out regularly and eat well.

E. That’s because they don’t have anything to worry about.

F. It’s amazing how much the people around us can affect our emotions.

G. Whatever it is, be grateful for that day because it will never come again.

阅读七选五 篇4

在2009年高考英语试卷中多个地区开始采用“七选五”型阅读理解题, 该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中 (均为完整的句子) 选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项, 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型的命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点, 又与完形填空题具有异曲同工之妙, 只是选项少, 以句子形式出现, 考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。

从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述可以得出以下判断:该题备选项可分为主旨概括句 (文章整体内容) 、过渡性句子 (文章结构) 和注释性句子 (上下文逻辑意义) 三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置, 例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题, 过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构, 注释性句子与上文脱节等。

本题选材一般为300词左右的短文, 以记叙文和说明文常见。其设空一般有五种:标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。

【解题方法】

1.从句子间的关系判断

文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成, 各个层次, 各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致, 但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的, 各句之间都有一定的语脉, 从逻辑意义上来看, 语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。因此, 理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉, 理清句子间的关系, 进而理解语段或全文的内容。

2.从关联词上查找

由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡, 使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯, 因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。文章语句间的组合, 除了从语句间的意义关系分析外, 还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握, 因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是:

平列关系, 如first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly;first, next, then;for one thing, for another thing;to begin with等。

承接关系, 如so, therefore, thus, accordingly, as a result等。

转折关系, 如however, still, though, yet, in spite of, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, by comparison, otherwise等。

层递关系, 如also, further, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also等。

3.从词汇上锁定线索

做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感, 最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词, 寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下, 利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如, 在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时, 一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指, 但句意对立, 或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子, 往往会有复数名词出现。

【巩固提高】

Kids'health:Four steps for fighting stress

Everybody gets stressed from time to time. Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don't solve much.But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

(1) Get support.When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

(2) Don't take it out on yourself.Sometimeswhen kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh, dear, that's not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Don't take it out on yourself.

(3) Try to solve the problem.After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business.Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.

(4) Be positive.Most stress is temporary (暂时的) .Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.

These steps aren't magic, but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster.

A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B.Notice your friends'feelings and find a way to help them.

C.Different people feel stress in different ways.

D.Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E.You need to figure out what the problem is.

F.And don't forget about your friends.

G.Then, find a way to calm down.

阅读七选五 篇5

外语组 申海艳

“课堂教学是一门遗憾的艺术”。而科学有效的反思可以帮助我们减少遗憾。反思自己的教学行为,总结教学的得失与成败,对整个教学过程进行回顾,分析和审视,才能形成自我反思的意识和提高自我监控的能力,才能不断丰富自我素养,提升自我发展能力,逐步完善教学艺术。

伴随着高三的复习备考,为实施有效教学,共同探讨高三英语复习课该怎样上,如何上的问题,我在开学初不久在本校开了一节高三复习研讨的公开课。以下是我上的一节高三英语复习课的课后教学反思和一些思考。

教学内容介绍:本节课是一节高三英语复习课,本课先从高考新题型“阅读填空题”的基本特征入手,从而深入挖掘阅读填空新题型的解题技巧,再过渡到解题三步曲,这样有利于帮助学生形成知识条块,提高新题型的解题技巧和解题能力,提高学生的实际应试能力,促进学生思维能力的发展。

本节课也是高三复习课的一次较为大胆的尝试,该节课教学抛开高三教学传统的教师教学生学的教学方法,让学生通过双人合作,多人合作解决疑难问题,并在课堂上开展了大量的任务型活动,从而让学生感知、体验语言,培养了学生自主学习和合作互助的精神,激发了学生学习英语的热情。

具体教学设计流程: Step One: Lead-in 09年考研英语七选五导课。在屏幕上展示09年考研英语“七选五”,让学生认知此题型。从而引出2010年高考新增题型“七选五”。让学生和教师一道踏上对知识的探索之旅,激发学生对本节知识的渴求和期待。

Step Two:渗透“七选五”解题技巧。

(1)本环节以段落为单位,分别给出三个段落,即段首、段中、段末设空,学生边做边总结解题技巧。此环节引导学生进行分析、探索和归纳,使学生对所获得的知识进一步系统化、条理化,并升华为学生认知结构中的知识点、知识链和知识网络,为学生综合能力的发展做好储备。

总结解题技巧:段首设空:即为该段中心句。

段中设空:应注意上下文和关键词。

段末设空:即为总结和推理性语言。

(2)辅助练习:

1、师生同做四道练习题,共同感悟。

2、抢答环节,男生和女生之间的竞赛,以此来激发学生的竞争意识。

Step Three: 总结去“七选五”解题三步曲。即通读全文,了解话题。依照技巧,选出答案。

代入文章,进行复查。

辅助练习:进入篇章训练,调动学生讲解。Step Four: 学生合作设计“七选五”试题(升华部分)

此环节的设置训练了学生合作意识和逆向思维能力,激发学生的创新和再创造的意识,感悟和领会出题人的思维和想法。

反思这节课的设计与教学,我感觉有如下优点。

第一,利用英语学案:先学后教,当堂训练。“当堂训练”就是指当堂练习和当堂作业,学生练习后由教师点拨和纠正。教师指导学生通过当堂作业,巩固所学知识,形成能力,举一反三,基本实现课堂揭示的教学目标。这样学生既当堂完成了作业,老师也了解学生的学习效果,为课后的作业辅导打下了基础。整个课堂教学过程真正体现了教师为主导,学习主体的教学原则,教学目标要求也得到了落实。

第二,引导---发现式教学模式贯穿课堂。这种模式是英语新课程教学中应用较为广泛的一种教学模式,在教学活动中,教师不是将现成的知识灌输给学生,而是通过精心设置的一个个问题链,激发学生的求知欲,使学生在老师的引导与合作下,通过自主探索、合作交流、发现问题、解决问题。这节课总是从问题开始,学生在教师的引导下研究和解决问题,让学生在认识上有新的发现,也同样通过自己的动眼观察、动脑思考、动口讨论、动手练习等实践活动去掌握知识结构,使之成为自己知识体系的一部分。

第三,调动学生学习热情,营造高效课堂。英语课堂教学中,在“以学生为中心”的理念指导下,教师可以将参与交流的学生分成若干小组,使师生之间、生生之间能够拥有高频率、近距离、深感情的信息交流。本节英语课上使用pair work 和group work来启动高效的小组活动,如,小组讨论、采集信息、小组互查、小组竞赛等,这种互动有利于扩大学生参与面和增加使用新学语言的机会,而且在小组活动中,学生之间的交流具有很大的即兴成分,交际的真实感更强。教师对全班的支配作用相对削弱,担当着参与者、监控者、协调者、指导者、促进者的角色,与学生一起解决问题,并促使学生在学习中发挥更为积极的主体作用。尽管是高三的一节复习课,但我也不忘,这节课的主角是学生,要时刻发挥学生的主体地位。师生互动,生生合作,尤其是抢答环节,更是调动了学生的主观能动性,激发了学生的合作意识,每个学生都有机会为小组做贡献,使学生体验到集体荣誉感。

第四,有效渗透学法,使学生学会解题。英语教学实施素质教育除培养学生语言素质、思想素质、文化素质之外,还必须指导学生掌握正确的学习英语的方法,开发学生学习潜能,帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯,培养他们自学英语的能力,为他们离开学校后继续学习英语切实打好基础。因此,教师必须积极研究科学的、适用的学好英语的学习策略和方法,教授、指导学习策略和方法,让学生学会学习。高中学生已具备相当的逻辑思维能力,这就使得他们在语言学习过程中对语言认识形成系统化成为可能。因此使用归纳法完全符合中学生的心理特点和认知规律。教师可让学生反复接触某一语言现象,使学生形成初步的感情认识,然后引导学生加以归纳,如:要求他们找出规律性的东西或共同的东西。本节课始终贯穿学法指导。有解题技巧的点拨,有“七选五”解题三步曲的总结,也有试题设计者设题的感受。在这节课上学生收获多多,感受多多。这节课总的来说比较顺利地完成了预期的目标和任务,收到了比较好的效果,但尽管周密计划、精心设计了这堂公开课,还是遗憾多多。

其一,渗透“七选五”解题技巧即段首、段中、段末略显肤浅,如能再深入挖掘则更透彻。其二,课堂“七选五”练习题中稍显沉闷。其三,在结尾让学生设计“七选五”部分由于时间关系没有深入展开。这个问题在将来的教学中应该注意和避免。我常常想我们在教学实践中追求的不只是语言习得的规律,而是求知与成长过程的成就体验,是创造的乐趣,是一种学与教、生与师的和谐境界,让教学之树常青的秘笈在于实践、反思、学习、创新、特色。每一堂课都是学法的获得,人生的感悟和兴趣的延伸。倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式,帮助学生树立主体意识,进行个性化的独立思考和学习探究,并能形成个性化的理解和结论。

解答七选五阅读的三个依据 篇6

一、题型特点

七选五阅读的文体以说明文为主,2015年七选五阅读文章的主题是“重建信任”,2014年是“帮助孩子做好准备迎接未来”,2013年是“商业与企业管理”,2012年是“青少年如何缓解压力”,所选文章结构多为总——分或总——分——总结构,语篇层次清晰,上下文连贯性强,逻辑关系严密。选项分为三类:

1. 主旨性句子(体现文章或段落的整体内容)

2. 过渡性句子(反映文章的行文结构)

3. 注释性句子(上下义逻辑关系)

而两个干扰项也通常是围绕以上三个特点设置:例如主旨概括句过于宽泛、或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上下文脱节等。

二、解题策略

解答七选五阅读题主要有以下三个依据:

1. 依据文章结构

七选五阅读文章的体裁多为说明文,其文章多为总——分或总——分——总结构,即第一段为总写,介绍主题大意,其他各小段是并列关系。因此,主旨概括性句子多为小标题或段首主题句,若填空是小标题,那该标题应与其他段落小标题是平行并列关系,可以从形式和内容上比较。比如:所有小标题会以同一词性开头(形式);小标题的topic应与该段落大意一致(内容)。

[例1]2011全国新课标1卷

Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money. ... so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.

1. The basic function of money

Being explaining... using money.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons...and that toy.”

3. 74

Begin at the grocery store. Pick put similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品),for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. ... If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Wise decision.

B. The value of money.

分析:首先从形式上判断,因为前面两个小标题都是名词短语,所以我们可以锁定两个目标选项A. Wise decision(明智的选择)和B. The value of money(钱的价值)。然后从内容上看,在段中有make choices(做选择)、save money(省钱)、expensive choice(选择贵的东西),这些内容与选项A一致,故选A。

2. 依据逻辑衔接

逻辑关系是语篇衔接的重要手段。常见的逻辑关系包括转折、因果、顺序、递进、排比等。解题时要注意这些逻辑关系的标识词,如:转折关系however, though, yet, instead,on the contrary, luckily;因果关系so, therefore, thus, as a result等;顺序关系at first, later, after, finally等;并列与递进关系and, whats more, not only...but also, firstly, secondly等;列举关系some....others, the second..., the third..., for one thing, for another等。

[例3]2015全国新课标1卷

You didnt lose“everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

分析:本空后Instead是表转折关系的标识词,由后一句“而是,通过这样的经历,为积极成长和原谅留有余地,这是一种健康的方式”,所以G项“看事情积极的一面并不意味着忽略所发生的事”是正确答案。

另外,从词语复现方面也可迅速选出答案,其实空格前句的意思就是Seeing the positive side of things,选项G是的see与前句中的look at是同义复现,G中的positive与空格后句中的positive是原词复现,前后衔接紧密。

3. 依据词汇衔接

词汇衔接包括代词的指代衔接和词语复现两种:

(1)代词指代是一种常见的连接手段。指代是指为避免重复,用代词替代前文已出现的事物。代词是七选五解题中一个非常有用的信号词,看到空格前后有代词应重视,选项中有代词也应重视,看看是指上文的哪个词或什么内容。分析上下句理清指代关系,这将有效地帮助我们做出正解的选择,并且要注意代词的数、格与前面的指代事物相对应。

[例2]2015全国新课标1卷

Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been suffer from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust any more. 37 Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.

分析:本题空格位置在段中,是衔接句;Sometimes people simply cant trust any more(有时人们不再信任了),为什么不再信任了呢?他为怎么啦?浏览各选项,E项中有they,可能是指代前面的名词people,将选项E代入文中,衔接通顺,逻辑合理,故选E项。

(2)依据词语复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语,往往是第二句的主语;或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义相关的衔接或称为句际衔接,常以句子中关键词(常为动词、名词、形容词)的同义词、近义词组或反义词组复现的方式来实现。比如:

[例4]2014全国新课标1卷

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1. Curiosity

……

2. Creativity

……

3. Personal skills

……

4. Self Expression

40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ---- music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

第36题,空前句中have not been invented(还未被发明)与F项dont yet exist(还不存在)是近义复现。

第40题,空后句中ways to express thoughts and ideas(表达思想观点的方式)与G项中的communicate ideas in a meaningful way(以一种有意义的方式交流思想)也是近义复现。

所以,略读(scan)全文,特别是空格前后句时,圈出关键词;然后带着关键词寻读(skim)各选项,有意识地找出与圈出的关键词相关的词。

三、解题顺序

与一般的阅读理解不同,七选五是一种更侧重于先有文章整体结构和大意、再细致到细节的阅读。就像我们拼图,首先要有整个图案的轮廓,然后才能根据周边的特征确定空白的部分。所以做七选五一般应先文后选项,不宜先读选项,以免分散注意力。解题步骤为:略读——寻读——分析衔接——翻译检验。具体如下:

1. 略读全文,重视标题、段落小标题,忽略空格。边读边圈出填空前后句的名词、动词和形容词,尽量弄清楚大意。

2. 快速阅读选项,注意选项中的关键词(名词、动词和形容词),可边读边做有把握的题。

3. 分析前后句明显有逻辑关系、指代关系或词语复现的选项。

4. 代入空格,翻译检验。将初定的选项代入填空,结合翻译分析语篇结构是否合理,语义是否通顺,衔接是否自然,最终确定答案。

七选五对广东考生来说虽是新题型,但是笔者认为七选五与完形填空有异曲同工之妙,都有考查上义与逻辑关系等衔接,只是完形考查的是词,而七选五侧重考查句和段。总之,考生若能了解七选五的题型特点和考点,有效备考,必能拿到应有的分数。

“七选五”考题大揭秘 篇7

研读下面两道典型的高考“七选五”真题, 你发现了什么?

A

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three mainreasons why people don't cook more often: abili-ty, money and time, Money is a topic I'llsave for another day. So today I want to give yousome wisdom about how to make the most of thetime you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tipsfor great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I thinkcooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry andthere is nothing ready to eat. So think about of thecoming week. When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right materials ready?

2. Make your time worth it. When you dofind time to cook a meal, make the most of it andsave yourself time later on. Are you making oneloaf of bread?it takes around the sameamount of time to make more of something. Sosave yourself the effort for a future meal.

3.This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your timeis experimentation. It gives you the chance to hitupon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more youlearn and the more you try, the more ability youhave to take control of your food andyour schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start.and don't let a busy schedule discourageyou from making some great changes in the wayyou eat and live! ( 2014年全国卷Ⅱ)

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joyrather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save alot of work later on.

B

Home can be a great place for children tostudy. It's important to provide a workspace oftheir own where they can read books or just writea letter to their friends.

●Location ( 位置)

Kitchen and dining room are not sowell suited for regular study, since books and pensget in the way of the day-to-day uses of thoseareas. Set up a place where a child can settle inand leave papers and pens at hand without havingto clear everything away each night. For a childthat likes being alone, set aside a corner of hisbedroom, but keep it separate from things likegames, music and other hobbies not related tostudying.

●Keeping Things in Order

Parents should encourage their child tospread out, but to leave it neat and orderly whenhe isn't using his workspace. Ownership is veryimportant for self-respectThe workplaceshould be personal, but not another part of theplayroom.

Encourage the whole family to help build asupportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of howto deal with problems, how to manage time and getthings done in the right way.. Study willbe more enjoyable and effective when supportedby the whole family. ( 2009年辽宁卷)

A. Attitude Is Everything

B. Bring Organization into Your Home

C. Here are several ways to choose a location.

D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment

E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example

F. Setting up a space in a common area ofyour home can be a good idea for children

G. A child who learns to organize his space will carry organization into every corner of his life

二、剥茧抽丝——“七选五”试题的考查特点大揭秘

“七选五”试题是为适应高考改革而采用的新题型, 反映和代表了高考试题发展的方向和特点。

下面我们主要以全国新课标卷为例, 作一分析研究。

1. 篇章意识

研究2014年新课标英语全国卷, 我们可以发现, 今年的高考试题发生了一个重大变化: 沿用多年的单项选择题不见了, 取而代之的是语篇填空题! 纵观整套试题, 我们可以发现, 无论是不完全提供信息的试题, 比如完形填空、“七选五”试题、语篇填空和写作, 还是完全提供信息的阅读理解试题, 又或是提供错误信息的试题如短文改错, 这些试题都有一个共同的特点:这些试题设题的本体都是一个完整的语篇而不是一个句子! 单项选择试题是过去唯一一个在句子层次上进行设题的试题, 它的被取消, 标志着英语高考试题完全进入语篇层次, 表明了高考试题进一步突出对语言的实际应用能力的考查。显而易见, 篇章试题比句子试题在阅读内容上有增加、难度上有提高, 对考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维和文化知识要求更深。这就给同学们传递了一个清晰而明确的信号: 研究篇章结构、培养篇章意识、增强语用能力, 是我们今后英语学习应该努力的方向。

2. 逻辑思维

与提供完整信息的阅读理解试题相比, “七选五”试题是一篇信息提供不完整的文章, 需要考生应用逻辑推理才能补充完整; 与信息提供不完整的完形填空试题相比, 完形填空试题考查的层次集中在单词和短语上, 主要考查语法知识和简单的逻辑推理, 而“七选五”试题的选项是以句子为单位, 较多地考查了篇章结构、逻辑推理等方面。显然, “七选五”试题更注重对较高层次的思维和语用能力的考查。正如《普通高中英语课程标准》规定: “根据高中学生认知能力发展的特点和学业发展的需求, 高中英语课程应强调在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上, 着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力, 特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。”“七选五”试题就是对逻辑思维考查要求的最好体现。

3. 文体特点

正因为“七选五”试题注重从篇章和逻辑方面来考查学生的语言应用能力, 因而, “七选五”试题多选用结构鲜明、逻辑清晰的文章来命题。纵览历年的“七选五”试题, 文章主要以说明文为主, 少量采用结构和逻辑分明的记叙文和议论文。例如, 从2012 ~ 2014年全国新课标卷Ⅰ和卷Ⅱ共6套试题, 全部都是“总—分 ( —总) ”结构的说明文, 文章中的大多数段落也采用了总分的结构形式。《普通高中英语课程标准》8级阅读目标中规定学生要“能识别不同文体的特征”。事实证明, 对不同文体特征把握较好的同学, 在“七选五”试题考查中总能抢占先机, 获得优势。

4. 语言知识

综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识等素养整合发展的基础上。“七选五”试题考查的重点虽然是建立在较高层次的语言应用能力上, 但考生如果有敏锐的语言感悟和丰富的词汇、语法知识, 就能够感觉到作者遣词用语上的细微区别, 体会到上下文句的启承转合, 就会迅速而准确地完成试题。

三、有的放矢——“七选五”试题的设题特点和解题技巧

1. 熟悉篇章结构, 提纲挈领抓全局

英语文章, 尤其是用来命制“七选五”试题的文章, 多采用线形结构 ( 多见于记叙文) 或“总—分 ( —总) ”的锥形结构 ( 多见于说明文或议论文) 。抓住文章结构特征, 快速阅读文章内容, 把握文章大意, 仔细对比研究相似位置的句式特点, 就能迅速排除干扰项, 选出正确答案。例如:

3.This may surprise you, but one ofthe best tools for making cooking worth your timeis experimentation. It gives you the chance to hitupon new ideas and recipes that can work wellwith your appetite and schedule. The more youlearn and the more you try, the more ability youhave to take control of your food and yourschedule. ( 2014年新课标卷Ⅱ)

【解析】39题的位置设在分列项3后面, 是本小段的起始句。根据结构相似原则, 对比研究分列项1和2的相似位置 ( 1. Think ahead.2. Make your time worth it. ) , 分别是两个小段的总括句, 而且都采用了动词 + 宾语结构形式的祈使句。根据文章相似位置的结构分析, 我们就可以判定, 39题所要填入的也应该是一个动宾短语式的祈使句, 并且要涵盖这一小段的内容, 分析至此可知选A。

2. 思维分析很重要, 常用逻辑要熟悉

逻辑思维是“七选五”试题考查的重点, 也是我们学习提升的重要目标之一。“七选五”试题中常用的逻辑方式主要有以下几种:

1) 一致关系

一致关系主要体现在文句前后的关键词一致、数量一致、指代一致、内容一致等。例如:

①Organizing a speech is not just a matter ofarranging the ideas you already have. ( 2011年北京卷)

【解析】本小题虽然语言上比较费解, 但上下关键词在 衔接上却 非常清楚 明显, “notjustrather”作为固 定的句式 将答案“A.Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. ”近乎直白地告诉了考生。

②One is the establishment ( 制定) of broadbasic policies with respect to production; sales;the purchase of equipment, materials and sup-plies, and accounting.The third relatesto the establishment of standards of word in all departments. ( 2013年新课标卷Ⅰ)

【解析】从数量词上看, 74题前面是“one”, 后面是“The third”, 中间少的是第二项的内容, 显而易见答案选: “E. The second aspect relatesto the application of these policies by departments. ”

③ In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americanslived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. ( 2013年北京卷)

【解析】从内容和数字方面来看, 当今美国有多于82% 的人生活在城市, 只有2% 的人生活在农场, 还有大约16% 左右的人在那里生活? 这就应该是73空的内容, 答案“B. Therest live in small towns. ”中的代词the rest对应了剩下的约16% 的美国人, towns则反过来呼应了cities和farms。

④Get support. When you need help, reachout to the people who care about you. Talk totrusted adult, such as parent or other relatives.They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. ( 2012年全国卷Ⅰ)

【解析】继续阅读下文, 在“ ( 3) Try to solvethe problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get downto business. ”中很容易看到出现了adults andfriends, 文章上下内容呼应, 高度一致。据此, 我们就很容易判定, 72处应该填入的是求助朋友的内容, 因此选“F. And don't forget aboutyour friends. ”。

2) 例证关系

例证关系多用在说明文或议论文中, 以“观点→例子”的形式呈现。命题可以设置在观点处, 也可以设置在例子处。但两者有明显的对应关系, 可以互相推导。例如:

Schedule yearly exams.Experts ad-vise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of ageto the doctor for a careful check. The good newsis that millions of children now can have yearlyeye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses. ( 2014辽宁卷)

【解析】36题设置在段落的开头, 显然应该是一个表示观点的总括句。这段的小标题是Schedule yearly exams, 后面举例说“babies 6 to12 months of age”就应该由父母带到医院进行眼科检查。从例子可以反推出前面的总括句应该是“B. Eye care should begin early in life. ”。

3) 顺逆关系

顺逆关系主要体现在试题与前后文构成顺承或逆反的关系, 这些关系可以通过连接词如and, but, however等来体现, 也可能没有连接词, 但可以根据上下文意思来确定顺逆关系。例如:

①Most importantly, good public speakingtraining should treat you as a special one, withyour own personal habitsYour trainingcourse should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not. ( 2013年新课标卷Ⅱ)

【解析】在本段文章中55题前后都提到公开演讲的人要有特性和自己独特的个人习惯, 答案“A. You aren't like anybody else. ( 你与众不同) ”与前后的special, your own personal habits和personality等词汇相呼应, 表达了一致的意思。

②Most business seek to make a profit ( 利润) —that is, they aim to achieve income that ismore than the costs of operating the business.Commonly called nonprofits, these organi-zations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. ( 2013年新课标卷Ⅰ)

【解析】在本段文字中, 71题前面说企业生产追求利润, 后面说非营利企业, 前后是明显的相反关系。选项“D. However, some businessesonly seek to enough to cover their operatingcosts. ”使用了转折连词however, 明确表明后面的转折关系。

4) 其他逻辑关系

其他常常被使用的重要逻辑关系还有并列关系。例如:

Starting a conversation is the second most im-portant step in making new friends.Youcan always start the conversation. Being able tomake small talk is a very useful skill in relatingwith other people. ( 2012年辽宁卷)

【解析】在这段文字中72题的答案“C. Donot wait to be spoken to. ”和后面的句子“Youcan always start the conversation. ”从正反两面表达了一个相同的意思。

另外一个重要的逻辑关系是因果关系, 试题处与其前后的句子构成因果关系, 因果关系的句子也可以互相推导。例如:

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.By helping them develop classicskills that will serve them well no matter what thefuture holds. ( 2014年新课标卷Ⅰ)

【解析】36题的答案“So how can we helpour kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?”与前一个句子构成因果关系, 并且使用了连接词so衔接下文。

3. 设题位置有三种, 细分特点好选择

除了个别年份个别试题将题设置在全文的标题位置上的极其特殊情况外, “七选五”试题中5个小题设置位置不外乎有三种: 段首、段中或段尾。由于英文的行文特点, 位于段首的句子往往是涵盖本段的总括句或者是引起下文的引导语; 而位于段中的大都是连接上下、有启承转合作用的承接句; 位于段尾的句子一个可能是顺承句 ( 本段是总—分结构) , 更多情况下是总结本段内容, 形成总结性句子 ( 本段是总—分—总结构) ; 如果是位于全文的结尾, 还有可能是总结全文的总括句。根据位置不同, 需要填入的句子在内容、连接词、句式特点等方面也大有不同。例如:

From my experience, there are three mainreasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time, Money is a topic I'llsave for another day. So today I want to give yousome wisdom about how to make the most of thetime you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tipsfor great cooking on a tight schedule. ( 2014年新课标卷Ⅱ)

【解析】该题设置在段中, 起上下承接的作用。上文提到人们不经常做饭的三个原因:ability, money, and time。在36题后面提到了money, and time两个原因, 根据试题36的位置就可以判定, 这里应该填入 一个谈论ability ( 能力) 的选项。故答案“Ability is easily improved. ”可以轻易选出。

又如:

( 4 ) Be positive. Most stress is temporary ( 暂时的) . Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and startworking on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive asyou make your way through a tough time, you'llhelp yourself feel better even faster ( 2012年全国卷Ⅰ)

【解析】本小题的位置虽然出现在全文的最后, 但从属于分列项 ( 4) Be positive的内容, 因此我们可以判定: 所需填入的内容不是总括全文的句子, 而是对本段内容的延续或总结。研读选项可知“D. Ah, it feels so good when thestress is gone. ”正好是空前句子“And if you canstay positive as you make your way through atough time, you'll help yourself feel better evenfaster. ”的衔接。

再观察试题设置在段落开头的例子:

●Get a coach.

so get help. Since there are about abillion companies out there all ready to offer youpublic speaking training and courses, here aresome things to look for when deciding the trainingthat's right for you. ( 2013年新课标卷Ⅱ)

【解析】本小题的位置设置在一段的开头, 另外, 要求选择的应该是一个表示原因的并列句, 因为后面是由so引导的表示结果的一个句子。阅读标题和本段内容可知, 本段针对public speaking建议读者寻求专业帮助。那么, “E. Whatever the presentation, public speakingis tough”就和后面的结果句顺利衔接, 成为唯一的选择。

4. 选项特点三二二, 辅助选择很关键

“七选五”试题的选项有七个, 其中有五个是可以填入文中的正确选项, 另外的两个是用来干扰选择的错误选项。根据一句只能干扰一个句子的原则, 这七个选项又可细分成3: 2: 2, 其中3个选项是不受干扰、容易选出的选项, 剩下的4个选项中是两两相互干扰的两个正确两个错误的选项。我们在通读全文把握文章整体意思后, 一般就可以比较轻松地首先选出3个无干扰选项。然后再根据其他特点对比4个选项, 选出正确答案。

以2014年全国卷Ⅱ中的“七选五”试题为例, 7个选项中B、G和C不受干扰, 很快就能根据文意、位置和连接词确定为36、37和38题的答案。剩下的4个选项中, 39题受后面句子“This may surprise you”而误选D, 但如果抓住后面的关键词“experimentation”和“try”就能确定A选项才是正确选项。E选项对40题略有干扰, 但根据文章主题 ( 日程繁忙时做饭的小提示) 来判断, E选项内容 ( 烹饪是负担) 的合理位置应该是在文章开头来引出话题, 不可能出现在文章末尾, 所以也可以被排除。

四、宝刀屠龙——“七选五”试题沙场秋点兵

看了上面的分析, 你是不是也想一试身手, 扬宝刀屠强龙? 下面选择了几道“七选五”经典试题, 由易到难排列。仔细研究, 你定可收到举一反三, 事半功倍的效果。

A

One of the best things you can possi-bly do is to start you own club. It's great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there'snever anything to do during the school holidays.

The first thing you need to come up with isan idea for your club.Pets, clothes, popmusic or dancing groups, sports, making things?The list is endless.

Next you need some friends to be in yourclub with youAll you need is three or fourother people who are interested in the same thingas you.

You should all sit down somewhere to-gether with lots of pieces of paper and write downevery name you can think up. That'll keep youbusy for ages.

At your first meeting you should make up arule book. And the first rule should be no grownups or little / big brothers or sisters! The best clubsare always secret!

Now you have just about everything youneed, except membership cards. These are veryimportant and again you can spend a lot of timemaking themWhy not leave some spacefor a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.

So there you are, get clubbing! Once you getstarted you'll think of loads of more interestingthings to do!

A. That's easy.

B. Enjoy your own club!

C. Invite a designer to join you.

D. What are you interest in?

E. Some vacation is just around the corner.

F. Then you need to pick a name for yourclub.

G. Use a bright thick pen to make a specialdesign.

B

Getting your children to study can be a littlelike getting them to eat their vegetables.

Make a study time and have it at thesame time every day. This will help your kids tolearn to schedule their day and will give them asense of control over how they spend their time.

Allow them to study in blocks of time, suchas for half an hour with a five-minute break in themiddle.Ideal ( 理想的 ) study times areafter dinner or right after school before dinner.

Never allow your children to study in front ofthe television, as that will encourage passive activity

You'll also need to help your kids find theright place to study. After you've set up a goodstudy time for little learners, set up a good placewhere they can get those creative juices flowing.

Make sure there is a table or a deskand a comfortable chair.

This includes helping them out withtheir homework sometimes and being there forthem with the answers to any questions. The inputyou give your children during study periods willhelp form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.

A. Pick a place where your children canstudy properly.

B. Hold them to the schedule they create forthemselves.

C. Finally, spend time with your kids whenthey're studying.

D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots ofencouragement, too.

E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a rewardwhen the homework is completed.

F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering somesort of reward.

G. One of the best ways to form good studyhabits for your kids is to design a schedule thatthey keep to.

C

If you do not use your arms or your legs forsome time, they become weak; when you startusing them again, they slowly become strongagain. Everybody knows this, and nobody wouldthink of questioning this factWhen some-one says that he has a good memory, he reallymeans that he keeps his memory in practice by exercising it regularly, either consciously or unconsciously. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give itenough opportunity to become strong.Oneof them exercises his arms and legs by playingtennis, while the other sits in a chair or a motorcar all day.

If a friend complains that his arms are weak, we know that it is his own fault. But if he tells usthat he has a poor memory, many of us think thathis parents are to blame, or that he is justunlucky, and few of us realize that it is just asmuch his own fault as if it was his arms or legsthat were weak.But all of us can, if wehave ordinary bodies and brains, improve ourstrength and our memory by the same means —practice.

Have you ever noticed that people who cannot read or write usually have better memoriesthan those who can?Of course, becausethose who cannot read or write have to rememberthings. They cannot write them down in a littlenotebook and they have to remember dates, timeand prices, names, songs and stories, so theirmemory is the whole time being exercised.

A. What do you think of it?

B. Yet many people do not seem to knowthat the memory works in the same way.

C. Not all of us can become extremely strongor extremely clever.

D. So if you want a good memory, practiceremembering.

E. Someone else says that he is poor inhealth.

F. Why is this?

G. The position is exactly the same as that oftwo people.

D

I always reflect on what happened in my life.I think this is important — to appreciate ourwins, losses, new passions, insights, etc.Here are some tips for you on reflection.

1. Focus on the process and not the outcome.

This thought was beautifully summed up bySrikumar Rao. He explains how we fail becausewe focus our energies on the outcome rather thanthe process itself. When a child learns to walk, she never focuses on the outcome but on theprocess.

2. Failure is a lead not a stop sign.

When you hit a wall and things don't turn upthe way they are intended, no one is saying toyou, “This is where you stop because you failed”.If you do, you are reading the wrong information.Failure tells us, Try another method. ”

3. Happiness is not the destination but thejourney.

We think that happiness is a result thatcomes after having acquired or achieved somethingwe don't have. This is not quite right.It'sabout stepping back and enjoying the ride ratherthan expecting it at your destination point.

4. Wisdom comes from the balance betweenyour knowledge and your heart.

Let your heart talk more; it is wiser than youthink. You can be as knowledgeable and clever asone can be.Wisdom is really havingreached a stage where you balance all yourknowledge with your heart.

5. Gratitude is the energy drink of the soul.

Say thank you to the universe every morning.Appreciation can lift your soul from anxiety whichweighs you down. Try it out.It will helpyou appreciate life with more depth and perspective.

A. Failure is the mother of success.

B. Happiness is when we accept and enjoyeverything as it is.

C. This method and the intended result donot match.

D. Be thankful to at least one thing inyour day.

E. Not reflecting on our lives and experiencesis a wasted chance for growth.

F. Happiness means achieving your goals andgetting what you want.

G. But if your mind doesn't go with yourheart, you are losing energy in internal conflicts.

E

Public Speaking and Critical Thinking

What is critical thinking? To a certaindegree, it's a matter of logic ( 逻辑) —of beingable to spot weaknesses in other people's argu-ments and to avoid them in your own. It alsoincludes related skills such as distinguishing factfrom opinion and assessing the soundnessof evidence.

In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to seeclearly the relationships among ideas.Thegreatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors havoften taken information that was readily availabland put it together differently to produce newideas. That, too, is critical thinking.

As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like apurely mechanical ( 机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disorderedand confused. If, on the other hand, the structureis clear, there is a good chance your thinking istoo. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of ar-ranging the ideas you already have.

What is true of organization is true of manyaspects of public speaking.As you work onexpressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly andaccurately.As you learn to listen criticallyto speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.

If you take full advantage of your speechclass, you will be able to develop your skills as acritical thinker in many circumstances. This isone reason public speaking has been regarded as avital part of education since the days of ancientGreece.

A. Rather, it is an important part of shapingthe ideas themselves.

B. This may seem like a lot of time, but therewards are well worth it.

C. It may also help you to know that there isno such thing as a perfect speech.

D. It has often been said that there are fewnew ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.

E. If you are wondering what this has to dowith your public speaking class, the answer isquite a lot.

F. The skills you learn in your speech classcan help you become a more effective thinker in anumber of ways.

G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how theycan be used in other forms of communication aswell.

参考答案:

一、A篇36 ~ 40 B G C A F

B 篇 71 ~ 75 D F G A E

四、A篇1 ~ 5 E D A F G

B 篇 1 ~ 5 G B E A C

C 篇 1 ~ 5 B G C F D

D 篇 1 ~ 5 E C B G D

E 篇 1 ~ 5 D E A F G

七选五做题策略 篇8

首先我们要熟悉英语文章的结构特点和写作特点。每一篇英语文章都会有一个main idea, 而每个段落几乎也会有个main idea而作者以此为中心来进行论述。更重要的是每个段落在围绕中心句论述时, 有时由于行文需要, 作者会用两个句群进行论述, 这样英语的文章整体上就会呈现出一种层次感, 而根据这种层次感我们可以把命题人所设计的选项问题分为三种情况。第一种选项空格属于上一个句群, 第二种情况选项空格属于下一个句群, 第三种情况属于承上启下的过渡。在我们做题时根据已有的内容来确定要选的句子属于哪一部分, 就会使我们的选择比较容易了。下面我们结合具体的实例来了解一下这种策略。

Memory loss can occur to anyone.You can undergo surgery to make you look 20 years younger.71 If you are unable to take good care of your memory, then chances are that you will suffer from memory loss at a very young age.The following are the top three reasons for memory loss and how you can avoid them.

A.As your brain does more exercise, it gets healthier and works better.

B.It is very helpful to have a regular place to put things in.

C.Having a healthy and balanced diet is very important.

D.That’s why we failed to remember new things when mentally stressed.

E.These are just some of the causes of memory loss.

F.Trying giving yourself a break will be a good way.

G.Unfortunately, this is not the case for your memory.

通过对第一段的阅读我们可以发现“71”空格属于它前面的句子的句群, 从它的含义“你可以做整形手术使自己看起来年轻20岁”。下一句的表达应该是关于记忆的丧失, 是不能通过手术来达到的, 这样我们可以轻松选出G答案。

任何一种做题策略都需要建立在扎实的基础知识之上的。除去在做题过程中要有整体意识外, 夯实的基础知识就是成功的保障。基础的学习首先要解决词汇问题, 对于词汇的学习在这里就不展开了, 因不同的人有不同方法, 只要是适合自己的就是好的方法。其次要对句子结构有一定的认知, 要知道基础的句型特点及作者在表达过程中因为内容行文需要而产生的与我们常规认识有差异的地方。基本句型:主语+及物动词+宾语, 主语+及物动词+双宾语, 主语+及物动词+复合宾语, 主语+系动词+表语, 主语+不及物动词, 从句的特点及结构。这些知识的掌握能够帮助我们在阅读的过程中进行有效阅读, 使我们整体把握前后行文联系, 能够有效地帮助我们选择出正确的答案。

高中阅读理解七选五的解题方法 篇9

【关键词】阅读理解七选五 语篇 关联关系 解题方法

【中图分类号】G 【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】0450-9889(2016)05B-0152-02

2015年,广西高考首次使用新课标全国卷,而新课标全国英语卷中不但在大题的题型设置上发生了变化,而且在阅读理解的题型上另设了一个新的题型,即七选五。面对新的题型、新的考法,教师在平时的教学过程中该注意些什么呢?下面谈谈笔者的一些看法。

一、阅读理解七选五命题形式

在高考英语卷中,七选五被放在第二部分阅读理解中的第二节,共5小题,每小题2分。在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足后的短文通顺、前后连贯。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述是这样的:主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

作为英语教师,我们首先应该把握七选五的命题形式。此题的文章跟第一节的阅读理解一样可以是记叙文、说明文和议论文。该题型的正确选项大致可分为小标题、概括段落的主旨句、在逻辑上或文章结构上起承上启下作用的过渡句等。它的备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)、注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。

二、阅读理解七选五的解题方法

从七选五考查内容及题目的设计中我们可以看出,此题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能力”的阅读学习和教学理念。从七个选项中选出五个正确的答案,此题型看起来难,但只要我们了解了这种题型的特点,掌握一定的解题技巧,我们还是可以指导学生在较短的时间得出正确答案的。以下谈谈笔者在教学中的一些做法。

(一)快速浏览一遍七个备选答案。在浏览选项时除了要理解选项意思外,还应该学会把握选项的关键词,为下面的解题做好铺垫。而这点在平时的教学和练习当中,老师们往往都是很重视方法上的指导。

(二)快速浏览文章,分析文章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。快速浏览文章是一个泛读的过程,目的是了解文章大意,把握本篇文章的结构,如“总—分”结构还是“总—分—总”结构,甚至有可能是并列结构。快速浏览全文,寻找主题句,掌握文章结构和主要内容。通常情况下,主题句会出现在文章的开头或结尾,因此,在阅读的过程中要特别注意文章的首尾两段,以便准确快速地掌握文章大意。另外,对有标题的文章,要学会从标题入手确定文章或段落的主题。

(三)详读文章,明确上下文关联关系,确定答案。文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来完成,这些手段包括以下几个方面:重复使用某一词语或近义词;使用代词it\ this\ that\ those等避免重复;使用语篇标记词,如表示时间关系的first,then,next等或组织语篇方式的短语for example,in other words,in a word等。在这一过程中,教师要指导学生注意各选项中出现的句子衔接方式,寻找句中衔接标志词或与选项中相对应的关键词。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系,要么和下文有联系,要么和上下文都有联系。毕竟,一篇文章除了是句子的整合外,还有含义的连贯性的。那么如何确定这种关系?下面以一篇文章来说明这点。

How to rebuild trust

Have you ever lied to your best friend?Have you failed to help a classmate on an important project?As you know,trust is an unspoken promise. If you are losing trust,heres what you can do to rebuild it.

Come clean.

36 Lying will only make the other persons distrust run deeper,especially if the truth is already clear.Moreover,even if there are parts that you can keep hidden without getting caught,you still need to make them known to that person.

Apologize.

This one should be obvious,but fortunately,sometimes it gets overlooked.Even if you do not feel the need to apologize,you should offer the person you hurt a simple “I am sorry for hurting you.” 37

Let the other person vent(发泄).

The person who feels betrayed will need to vent his or her emotions and thoughts. 38 One of the worst things you can do is attempt to get him or her to “shut up” while expressing his or her anger.

39

Actions speak louder than words. If you cannot be honest in the future,or cannot do all that you promise to do, the person you betrayed will be unable to accept that you have changed or that you are worthy of being trusted again.

Stay patient.

Be patient with the other person, but be persistent(不懈的) in your own efforts. 40 Never pressure the other person into showing you more trust.

A.Keep you word going forward.

B.Show your kindness and respect.

C.Tell the truth,and nothing but the truth.

D.Understand that rebuilding trust takes time.

E.Look at the person straight in the eyes as you say this.

F.You will be forgiven in no time if you make an apology in time.

G.If might be unpleasant for you,but it is necessary for the other one.

(keys:C E G A D)

在实施了前面所讲的第一和第二步骤之后,我们可以发现从选项的设置来看,这篇文章的选项设置既有句首也有句中和句末,所以我们首先可以根据空缺处在文中的位置来确定上下文的关系。当空缺处在段首时,如第37处和第39处,应注意此段首句之后的部分,因为文章的每一段往往构成总分结构(这一点在说明文和议论文中体现得尤为明显);当空缺处在段中时,如第38处和第40处,则需要看空缺处前后的内容;当空缺处在段末时,如第39处,则往往要看前文的内容,因为这一句最有可能是对整段话的一个总结和概括,有时候可能是一种承接意义。

其次,从内容含义上看,全篇文章是对how to rebuild trust给予建议,先提出问题,然后解决问题,属于总分关系;而在给出建议的5个内容又属于并列关系。其中,文章常见的关联关系有:顺承、转折、因果、并列、举例。最常见的就是根据代词含义,如果上文出现了某个代名词或概念时,后文再次提起,往往为了避免重复,会使用代词,这是后文对前文的一个很好的提示,例如:E选项中as you say this中的this就指代前面说的话“ Im sorry for hurting you”。接着,根据形容词、副词确定关联关系也比较常见,形容词、副词往往表达了作者对写作的感情色彩,这对以我们排除干扰选项十分关键,比如上文所使用的形容词副词全是褒义词汇,基调阳光积极,后文如果和前文是顺承关系,必然也应该用此行文基调;当然,根据其他词汇确定关联关系也都有可能。如A选keep your word 就和原文中第39处空后面的Actions speak louder than words中有关联;D选项中takes time和原文中stay patient对应,因此第39处和第40处两个空的答案相对来说也就明显了。

(四)带入通读,复查以验证答案。七选五的特点在于错一道,往往还会错另外的一道或几道,这就是我们说的“连错”,因此教师要提醒学生做完题目一定要复查,即把选项带入原文通读一遍。在复查中要注意看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境,能否承接前后的写作线索,使文章无论是内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。如果在读的过程中感到有含义不连贯的地方,很有可能是选错了答案,就需要复查答案了。

如上面文章中的第37处,笔者所教的70%的学生选了F这个选项。其主要原因就是因为他们没有注意语篇的一致性和逻辑性。本段主旨是apologize,可是前文说的时候道歉的话“ Im sorry for hurting you”,应该和选项E中“as you say this”相一致。从逻辑上说,F选项和最后一部分stay patient”也是相矛盾的。总之,在复查时我们还应指导学生注意对相近选项的对比分析。个别干扰项往往与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性,这时就需要学生认真分析,仔细甄别,排除干扰,从而得出正确选项。

总之,面对新的题型,在教学中,教师在增加训练量的同时,还应该加强学生在解题步骤和方法的指导,让学生少走弯路,提高解题效率和答题的准确率。

【参考文献】

[1]包天仁.基础英语教改论坛(高中教师卷:第三集)[M].吉林教育出版社,2002

[2]丁云芬.高中英语有效阅读教学研究[J].中学英语教学与研究,2009(10)

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