英语阅读测试题设计

英语阅读测试题设计（精选12篇）

英语阅读测试题设计 篇1

语言应用能力的培养和提高有赖于语言的输入，因为“语言的输入总是要大于语言的习得，它远远大于语言的输出”。大量的优化语言的输入是语言应用能力的基础，而阅读和听是语言输入的两个主要途径。在我国现有的教学条件和外语语言环境下，阅读仍然被视作是掌握语言知识、获取信息和提高语言应用能力的主要手段。根据大学外语教学指导委员会的一项调查，对听、说、读、写、译的重要性，领导的排序是：听(71.4%)、读(64.3%)、说(61%);教师的排序是：读(80.6%)、听(49.4%)、说(32.1%)。从调查结果我们可以看出，阅读依然被认为是语言输入的主要手段。这是因为在目前的教学条件和语言环境下，阅读是掌握语言知识、获取信息、提高语言能力的基础，阅读能力仍是大部分学生今后工作所需要的主要技能。测试和教学两者的关系极为密切，它不仅是评估学生语言能力的一种主要措施，还是帮助学生巩固所学知识、掌握正确的学习方法、激励学生学习的一种很有价值的手段，更是教师检验自己执行大纲情况及目前使用的教材和教学模式的效果的重要途径。因此，加强阅读测试的研究对改进阅读教学、提高教学效果、提高学生语言输入的能力具有积极重要的意义。本文立足于现今较为普遍使用的几种阅读测试方法的特点，就使用这些方法设计阅读测试时应该注意到的问题，谈一点个人见解。

一、正误判断法

阅读测试的正误测试法的特点，一是设计容易、迅速，二是可以使受测者将注意力放在阅读材料的突出语言难点上，三是能快速地检查了解受测者对阅读材料信息要点掌握的情况，使教师能把更多的时间投入到教学的其它环节上。由于有这些优点，正误测试法较适合用在有限的课堂时间里作为阅读教学课堂进步测试，尤其适用于测试对阅读材料中某些片断的理解。但由于正误判断形式测试只有两种选择，受测者就有了50%的机会给各题提供正确答案，因此，可能会使受测者在时间有限的情况下，不是去做更多的思考，而是仅凭猜测去选择正确答案。正误测试题的这种选择正确答案的偶然性是其最大的缺点，也因此会降低正误判断测试法的可靠性，这是测试设计者在设计阅读正误判断题时必须考虑的问题。要使正误测试能客观准确地反映受测者的阅读能力，设计者在设计测试题时必须提供足够数量的试题。按新大纲70wpm的阅读速度要求，如果要评估受测者在10分钟的阅读时间里对一篇约500个词的文章的理解情况，所设计的测试题的数量最好达到八至十个。这样，就能将受测者拉开档次，提高测试的可靠性。此外，还应注意做到所设计的问题尽可能的简洁、清楚，容易让受测者完全理解。

二、多项选题法

阅读测试多项选题测试法是目前使用最广泛的阅读测试方法，多用于评估中、高级阶段的阅读能力。在中、高级阅读教学阶段，不仅要求受测者理解阅读材料的突出信息点和一些重要片断的字面意思，而且要求受测者能够透过繁多的表层事实去理解文章的深刻复杂的思想和文章的主题。这类阅读材料往往涉及一系列事件，事实集中，观点不同，态度各异。评估受测者对这类材料的阅读能力，多选题测试方法更加有效。要让测试客观、准确地评估受测者理解、推理、归纳、总结的能力，测试设计者应重视测试材料的采样和测试题的内容设计。采样时一要考虑材料的内容和体裁，二要注意材料的长度。理想的测试材料在内容和体裁上或者应当类似于受测者曾在教科书和学校作业中遇到过的那种材料，或者应该涉及受测者在以后的现实生活中所要从事的那种阅读任务。如果测试设计者忽略了选材的适用性，就可能降低测试的可靠性。因为对部分受测者来说，在阅读测试中没有取得理想的成绩，并不是由于语言能力的原因妨碍了对文章的正确理解，而是材料所涉及的内容大大地超过了他们所拥有的专业知识和常识。反之，一个阅读能力一般的受测者，也可能因为材料的内容适合其专业知识和常识的水平而获得高分。一篇阅读测试材料的合适长度约为400—600个词。过长或过短都不能拉开受测者的档次。要说明的是，这里举的数字不是绝对的，因为选文的长度也应当与其难度相关。例如，一篇特别难或特别复杂的选文就可以比一篇简单的选文短些。通过对一些阅读测试结果的分析我们发现，受测者有时无需完全理解测试材料中的信息就能选对答案;有时虽然完全理解了材料中的信息却作出了错误的选择。这些现象提醒试题设计者，多选题的每个正确答案都必须建立在受测者正确理解测试材料的基础上，而不是依靠他的一般知识或专业知识甚至智力，而且所有的供选答案都必须在语法上是正确的。

三、填空法

阅读测试填空测试法也是较为多见的一种阅读测试手段。目前大多数的填空阅读测试都以多选题形式给受测者提供选择项。但为数不少的教科书在设计这类测试练习时，只是删除一些词，并不提供选择项。填空测试法要求受测者利用上下文中所有能够找得到的提示，进行最可行的替代，以解开“被中断的”或“残缺不全的”文章“密码”。受测者要在全面理解材料内容的基础上才有可能解开“密码”，因此，它能较客观全面地评估出受测者的阅读能力。同多选题法阅读测试一样，设计填空法测试题时也要注意选材的合适性。要避免选文有太多的事实或讲的是一个特殊的主题，否则可能只对具有某种特殊专业知识的受测者有利，让有些受测者不必对材料有深入的理解就能根据文章的背景知识进行填空或作出正确的选择。还应注意的是，试题设计者对材料中的词语作删略时，不要以固定词语或习语作测试项，也应避免出现对选择项受测者只需根据语法法则就能作出正确判断的情况。否则，填空阅读测试在一定程度上会变成一种对受测者词汇能力和语法知识的测试，因而降低了填空法评估阅读能力的可靠性。

四、翻译法

阅读测试近年来为了避免受测者乱猜答案，使阅读测试能更可靠有效地反映受测者的阅读能力，提高测试信度，出现了翻译法。其形式是提供一篇400字左右的文章，要求受测者在规定的时间内读完全文并将文中划线句子译成中文。按新大纲读、听、说、写、译的排序，是将译归入外语应用能力的范畴。但目的语是英文还是中文，或者是二者兼顾，未见大纲作明确说明。在近几年全国大学英语四级考试的试卷中，短文阅读翻译数次取代了阅读填空。从这一现象来看，显然译和测试阅读能力有很大关系，也就是说通过翻译来测试受测者语言的输入能力。对大纲所要求的‘译’的属性，限于篇幅，这里不作讨论。本文只想谈谈利用翻译法测试阅读能力要注意的一些问题。不可否认，翻译法对了解受测者的阅读能力有一定的效果，但这种了解在很大程度上只是表面的，并且在许多情况下只对部分学生有效。特别是翻译法阅读测试只要求受测者对选文中的部分句子翻译，部分受测者可能因为自己具有的知识和生活体验而“幸运”地正确理解它们意思。再者，受测者可能会正确理解文中某个句子或片断的意思，但对它的含义或在表达文章的主题上所起的作用也许并不理解。更有甚者，有些受测者可能无需通篇阅读选文也能够准确地译出划线部分的意思。此外，有些受测者因母语文字表达能力较差，虽然正确理解了测试项，但却不能完全准确地表达出对它的理解。因此，可以这么认为，翻译法阅读测试较适合中低级阶段的阅读测试，对高级阶段的阅读能力测试它有较大的局限性，不能客观地反映出受测者的阅读能力。

阅读测试设计具有很强的科学性和艺术性。如何才能客观地、全面有效地达到测试目的，是一个值得阅读测试设计者深入研究的课题。每种测试方法都有它自己的优点，也有其局限性。在实践中我们应该不拘一格，对各种方法取长补短，灵活应用，结合使用，这样才能客观可靠地了解受测者的阅读能力，提高阅读教学质量。

参考文献

[1]Lyle, F.Bachman.Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing.Oxford University Press, 1990.

[2]Hilton, J.B.Writing English Language Test.Penguin Boods, 1984.

[3]邵永真.大学英语教学大纲 (修订说明) [J].大学外语教学与研究, 1999, (1) .

[4]大学英语四级考试大纲[S].上海外语教育出版社, 1987.

英语阅读测试题设计 篇2

“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.

When you see a famous car in the street，maybe you will say，“Its cool.”You may think，“Hes so cool，”when you see your favourite footballer.

We all maximize(扩大) the meaning of“cool”.You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”.Heres an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used.A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall(瀑布)they had visited.On one students paper was Just the one sentence，“Its so cool.Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.

But the story also shows a scarcity(缺乏)of words.Without “cool”，some people have no words to show the same meaning.So it is quite important to keep some credibility(可信性).Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”? I can.And I think they are also very cool.

1.We know that the word “cool” has had ________.

A.only one meaning B.no meanings

C.many different meanings D.the same meaning

2.In the passage，the word“express”means“________”.

A.see B.show C.know D.feel

3.If you are _______ something，you may say，“It’s cool.”

A.interested in B.angry about

C.afraid of D.unhappy with

4.The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used.

A.pleased with B.strange to

C.worried about D.careful with

5.In the passage，the writer suggests(暗示)that the word “cool”________.

A.can be used instead of many words

B.usually means something interesting

C.can make your life colourful

D.may not be as cool as it seems

KEY: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D

阅读大比拼 试题设计 篇3

在日本，一位父亲带着6岁的儿子去郊游。父亲钓鱼，儿子在一旁玩耍（shu2 s1）。

在离湖边不远处，有一个很深的大坑。孩子好奇，自己偷偷摸索着下到坑里。玩了一阵子后，他发现大坑离地面很高，下来容易上去难。

于是，他不得不向正在钓鱼的父亲求助：“爸爸，帮帮我，我上不去了！”但他没有得到回应。其实，此时此刻，他的父亲正在距离他不远的地方钓鱼。于是，他的第一个反应就是愤怒。他开始直呼父亲的名字，称之为“八格牙鲁（混蛋）”。父亲还是置之不理。

天渐渐地黑了下来，出于恐惧和无助，他的第二个反应是哭泣，又哭又喊，足以令做父亲的揪（ji$ qi$）心。结果父亲还是沉默。之后，他不得不自己想办法了。他在坑里转来转去，寻找可以上去的地方。终于，他发现在坑的另一面，有几棵可以用于攀援的小树。

他艰难地爬了上来。此时此刻，他发现父亲还在那里叼着烟卷，悠闲地一动不动地钓着他的鱼。令人意想不到的是，这个顽童，没有抱怨，更没有愤怒，而是径（j#ng j#n）直走到父亲身边，自豪地对父亲说：“老爸，我是自己上来的！”

[一丝不苟——答题]

1.给短文加个合适的题目。

2.给文中加点的字选择正确的读音。

3.儿子在坑里，发现自己很难上去后，他的第一个反应是___________，第二个反应是__________，而得到父亲的回应是__________，儿子最后的办法是__________。

4.大胆想象，如果你也遇到了这种情况，你会怎么做，怎么想？为什么？

英语阅读测试设计原则概述 篇4

很多人认为设计可靠有效的写作和口语试题比阅读试题难得多, 因为写作和口语试题主要依靠不可靠的主观评分, 而阅读测试主要依靠客观评分。实际上, 这种相对难度论是非常错误的。首先, 有时写作和口语考试的主观评分也是非常可信的。其次, 听和读这两种接受型技能通常不以明显的行为表现出来。人们写和说时, 我们能看到、听到整个过程;当他们读和听时, 我们往往缺乏观察的渠道。因此, 阅读试题应能成功地展示受试者的实际完成行为。要做到这一点绝非易事。阅读作为一种接受型技能是很难测试的。本文重点讨论阅读测试出题者在设计试题时应考虑的因素。

2 文本的选择

因为阅读是读者和文本之间的互动过程, 文本在阅读理解过程中起着关键的作用。Halliday (1979) 认为文本是语言的基本意义单位, 包含着很多潜在的意义, 需要读者在阅读过程中发现。Nuttall (1982) 指出文本是阅读过程的核心, 信息只有通过文本才能从作者传递到读者。测试阅读最重要的方面之一就是阅读文本的选择。文本会对阅读测试结果产生巨大影响。在选择文本时, 出题者应重点考虑以下几个方面:

(1) 多样化

应多使用几种文本类型。阅读测试的目的是提高测试者在实际生活当中的阅读能力。因此, 阅读文本应取自受试者将来可能读到的各种真实阅读材料。很多类型的阅读材料都可用作阅读测试文本, 包括杂志文章、报纸文章、学术刊物、书信、时间表、广告、指南、诗歌、路标等。这些类型也可以进一步细分, 如报纸报道、报纸广告、报纸社论等。不能仅仅为了图方便而重复地使用一种文本, 阅读文本应该能反映受试者的实际阅读需求。

(2) 文本类型

文本类型有助于读者的理解, 并提高阅读技巧和策略。选出的文本类型应反映语言教学目的。Weir (1993) 认为文本的选择应该适合观众的需要, 应该增加读者的动机, 而动机反过来对阅读速度和流利程度起重要的作用。比如, 如果学生学的是学术英语, 文本应该选自学术英语材料;如果学生学习英语仅是为了日常应用, 广告、对话或者书信这些文本更适合。

(3) 背景知识

设计阅读测试必须考虑的因素之一就是背景知识。阅读时, 如果我们了解该文本的背景知识, 我们能更容易更完整地理解这篇文本。假设中国大学生阅读两篇文本, 一篇是关于板球的, 另一篇是关于篮球的。因为大部分中国学生对板球知之甚少, 他们很可能理解不了文中关于板球运动的描述。因为篮球在中国很受欢迎, 他们很有可能很容易理解文中提到的关于篮球的信息, 甚至是那些文中没有直接提到的信息。因此, 应避免选择那些受试者非常熟悉或非常不熟悉的文本。如受试者对一篇文章的背景知识相当了解, 即便他们不理解该文章, 他们也有可能做出正确的回答。相反, 如受试者对阅读文本的背景知识一无所知, 即使他们的阅读能力强, 他们在理解文章作出推断时也会遇到相当大的困难。所以, 出题者应确保受试者对所选择的阅读文本的背景知识的了解水平相似。

(4) 难易程度

设计者需考虑文本的难易程度。文本既不能太难也不能太容易。阅读文本的难易程度应该大致跟受试者的水平一致。文本应能激起受试者的阅读兴趣, 又不会使他们兴奋过度或担忧。然而, 难易程度不是简单的问题。对于一篇难度很大的文本, 如果受试者对其背景知识相当了解, 他们也能够较容易地理解该文本。此外, 一份试卷中阅读文本的难易程度应该逐渐递增或者难易混搭。

(5) 文本长度

文本长度也应考虑。文本长度取决于受试者的平均阅读速度。文本长度应该适中, 并根据要测试的阅读技巧的不同作出相应的变化。比如, 要测试查读技巧, 文本的长度应该在2000字左右;要测试详细阅读能力, 几句话或许就够了。

3 测试的阅读技巧

阅读测试主要测试的是受试者的理解、分析、推断和区分能力。Heaton (1991:105-106) 大体上把阅读技巧分为三个层次:语法和词汇知识、微技能和宏观技能。

(1) 语法和词汇知识

语法和词汇知识主要指的是语法和词汇方面的基本概念。主要包括以下技能:1) 根据相应的图形符号识别出单词和词组。2) 理解句子内部的关系, 比如句子结构成分和复杂的嵌入结构等。3) 识别出带有将来时间副词的现在进行时的重要性。

(2) 微技能

微技能指的是执行复杂活动时用到的单个过程或能力。微技能也叫细分技能。阅读中的微技能指的是在词汇意义层面上的技能。微技能主要包括以下三个方面:

1) 通过理解构词法和语境提示推断单词的意义。

2) 通过识别话语暗示, 尤其是大意的介绍、发展、转变和结论, 来理解文本部分与部分之间的关系。

3) 识别出代词等的指示物。

(3) 宏观技能

宏观技能指的是直接跟需要或教学目标相关联的话语层面上的理解。宏观技能是所有三个层次里最高级的技能。阅读中的宏观技能主要包括以下几个方面:1) 理解明确的信息。2) 理解时间和空间关系及文章的脉络。3) 理解概念意义, 如质量和数量、比较和程度、原因、结果、目的、理由、状况、附加条件、对比、让步等。4) 预测文本中接下来会发生什么。5) 识别文本的大意和其他显著特征。6) 概括和得出结论。7) 通过推断 (如领会言外之意) 和理解比喻性语言 (如明喻和暗喻) 来理解文章中没有明确指出的信息。8) 略读和查读 (寻找大意和具体信息) 。9) 批判性阅读 (如评价写作风格) 。10) 根据阅读材料的类型和阅读目的采取灵活的方法并相应地改变阅读策略。11) 识别论据的发展阶段。

4 编写测试问题的步骤

一旦选择好了阅读文本, 接下来就是编写测试问题了。一般来说, 编写测试问题有以下五个步骤:

(1) 仔细阅读文本, 明确该文本适合的外语水平。及时记下读到的信息, 如主旨大意、有趣的信息点、论据的发展阶段、例子等。

(2) 明确测试的阅读技巧, 并根据相关阅读技巧决定编写适合的测试问题类型。

(3) 决定每个测试题的分值及分布。每个测试问题应该占有相同的分值。

(4) 编写测试问题。包括考试说明和问题的设计。如问题需要参考相应段落和行, 应给段落和行编号。

(5) 根据每项分值或其他要求检查分数分布是否合理。

5 关于中国目前阅读测试的建议

我国目前阅读测试的现状难以令人满意。最明显的就是大部分测试问题都是多项选择题, 无论是否适合该文本。很多大型考试, 如高考、学校期末考试等, 都经常出现这种现象。更糟糕的是, 许多老师并不是自己编写阅读试题, 而是直接从网上或其他渠道照搬原题。如果这种状况继续下去, 设计测试就形同虚设。

因此, 出题者设计阅读测试时应全面考虑。首先, 出题者应对阅读的本质有全面的理解。其次, 文本的选择应该适合学生的英语水平。并且, 除了多项选择外, 还应多思考些其他适合文本的测试题型, 如概要完形填空、连线、排序、判断对错、简答等。应确保一份试卷中至少有两种题型。究竟该用哪种题型取决于阅读文本的类型和学生的水平。

6 小结

测试阅读看似简单, 实际绝非易事。文本的选择、受试者的英语水平、要测试的阅读技巧和测试方法都应全面考虑, 以便能反映出受试者的真实语言水平。本文讨论的相关阅读测试设计理论必将对广大教师和笔者自己的教学产生积极影响。

摘要：本文从出题者的角度概述了如何设计可靠有效的英语阅读测试试卷。出题者考虑的主要因素包括阅读文本的选择、测试的阅读技能及编写测试问题的步骤等。最后, 本文就我国目前英语阅读测试现状给出了建议。

关键词：阅读文本,阅读技能,步骤,建议

参考文献

[1]Hughes, A.Testing for Language Teachers[M].Cambridge:Cambri dge University Press, 1989.

[2]Harrison, A.A Language Testing Handbook[M].London and Basingstoke:the Macmilian Press Limited, 1983.

[3]Heaton, J.B.Writing English Language Tests[M].London and New York:Longman, 1991.

[4]Nunan, D.Language Teaching Methodology[M].Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice Hall, 1991.

英语托福考试阅读试题 篇5

Question 1－8

Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War，with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation，manufacturing，and trade and distribution。The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed，volume，and regularity of shipments and communications，making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods。

In agriculture，the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators，the cotton presses，the warehouses，and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation‘s farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them。In manufacturing，the transformation was marked by the emergence of a new factory systemin which plants became larger，more complex，and more systematically organized and managed。And in distribution，the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber，the wholesaler，and the mass retailer。These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870and 1920。

To be sure，there were still small workshops，where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures。There were the sweatshops in city tenements，where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothingorcigars on a piecework basis。And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single buildings。But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2。7million in 1880to 4。5million in 1900to 8。4million in 1920，the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned，as did the size of the average plant。（The Baldwin Works had 600employees in 1855，3，000in 1875，and 8，000in 1900。）By 1920，at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nation‘s manufacturing wage earners were concentrated，three－quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100employees and 30percent worked in factories with more than 1，000employees。

1。The word domainsin line 3is closest in meaning to（A）fields

（B）locations

（C）organizations

（D）occupations

2。What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War？

（A）New technological developments had little effect on farmers。

（B）The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined。

（C）Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war。

（D）Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation。

3。The word fundamentalin line 7is closest in meaning to

（A）possible

（B）basic

（C）gradual

英语阅读修炼之小测试与大计划 篇6

下面这句话摘自BBC一篇介绍玛雅文化的文章，它包含了从句、非谓语等常见语法现象，可以检测出同学们对于较为正式的英语句子的阅读能力。但因为是以测试为目的，所以下列句子我们不做过多详细解析，仅分析出主干结构以供同学们评估当前阅读水平。

The simplest explanation for the Maya&apos；s fall is that year-upon-year of low crop yields， brought on by the droughts， may have gradually diminished the Maya&apos；s political influence， eventually leading to full-on societal disintegration.

第一个测试标准：是否能清晰地划出句子关系。对于英文文章中出现的长句，你是否能分清主句和从句。这句话里主句是The simplest explanation for the Maya&apos；s fall is that，而that后面引导的整个是一个表语从句。

第二个测试标准：是否能清楚地划分出单句中的“主谓（宾）”或“主系表”主干结构。

通俗地说，一句话里最重要的那个动词是谓语动词。除非动词之间存在并列关系，通常情况下英语中每句话里只有一个谓语动词，其他表示动作意义的动词都要变为不定式to do、过去分词done或者现在分词doing的形式。这句话里主句是“主系表”结构：主语是explanation，系动词is，表语是that引导的从句。从句则是“主谓宾”结构：year-upon-year of low crop yields为从句里的主语，may have diminished为谓语，而influence为宾语。句中brought不是谓语动词，而是过去分词，作low crop yields的后置定语，表被动；leading是现在分词，表伴随着谓语动词而发生的动作，它虽然是动词的意思，但是在语法功能上不是谓语，而是非谓语。

在能划分出句子关系及句子成分后，最后一个测试标准就是是否能够理解句子基本意思。这句话意为：对于玛雅衰落最为简单的解释就是，年复一年由干旱引起的庄稼低产可能逐渐减弱了玛雅的政治影响力，最终导致了社会的彻底瓦解。

如果以上三个标准有做不到的

第一个标准有问题的同学首先要解决的是从句的问题。我们可以将从句根据它们的作用分为名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句三大类去进行系统性学习。因为本文主要讨论阅读提升方法，所以这里不对从句做详细讲解，而是总结体系和重点知识点，同学们通过老师、网络、语法书等身边资源应该很容易就能找到针对这些知识点较为详细的讲解。

1

名词性从句。名词能在句子里充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语四种成分，名词性从句亦是如此。无论充当什么成分，名词性从句始终离不开由that引导的陈述句、whether或者if引导的一般疑问句和其他如what、how等特殊疑问词引导的特殊疑问句这三种句型。

2

形容词性从句。形容词性从句又叫定语从句，大家需要弄明白以下几个知识点：①先行词是什么意思。②关系代词that、who、whom、which之间有什么样的区别。③关系副词when、where、why之间又有怎样的区别。④非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句在形态和意义上的主要区别。

3

副词性从句。关于副词性从句需要搞清楚：时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步和方式这八大从句分别可以用什么样的词来引导。

第二个标准做起来有困难的同学其实是词汇掌握的问题，尤其是动词词汇量比较小的问题。这个问题我们和第三个问题一起在下面讨论。

第三个标准测试的就是词汇，学习重心在扩大词汇量上。词汇的记忆包括四个方面：拼写、发音、词性和词义。我们以similar这个单词为例，当我们第一次遇到这个单词时，首先不要忙于背诵它的字母顺序，而要先确定其发音再结合它的拼写来记忆。一个单词如果不记发音，在口头表达时就不能准确地运用；当别人读这个单词时，还可能会听不出来。将拼写和发音结合起来记忆不但可以避免这些问题，同时还能使我们逐渐掌握字母拼写与发音之间的规律。比如similar [?s?m?l?]这个单词，[s?]最常见的字母组合为sy或si，[m?]最常见是me或mi，而最后的[l?]不是ler就是lar。通过上面的发音规律，我们至少对这个单词的拼写有个大致的预判，单词拼写就不容易出错，背单词也会越来越轻松。当然，词性也是需要掌握的，因为在写作中，不懂得单词的词性就无法使自己写出来的句子语法正确。而最后的词义自然是单词背诵最基本的要求，笔者建议同学们背单词时一起背诵单词的例句，这样不仅可以加深对单词的记忆，也能在无形中增强自己的语感。

另外，增加词汇量最为关键的是“反复”。当我们第一次遇到一个新单词时，我们就应该结合它的发音和拼写“反复”记它的词性和词义。当背诵完成后，我们可以把它抄写在单词本上。根据赫尔曼·艾宾豪斯遗忘曲线理论，我们可以在第二天、第三天、第四天、第七天和第15天后将这一天背诵的单词再背诵一遍。这样“反复”几次，你能真正掌握的单词将大大增加。

如果以上三个标准都能做到

如果以上三个标准都能做到呢？那我们就可以选择整篇文章70%的单词都认识的阅读材料。遇到不认识的单词或词组，先通过联系上下文猜出它的词义和词性，只有当生词实在影响我们对整个句子的理解时再去查词典。这样阅读完一整段话时，再回头去将不认识的生词和短语查出来。

接着要做的是看这段话里每句话之间的逻辑关系：哪句话是中心句，其他句子是怎样围绕中心句展开的，句子之间的关系是并列、递进、总分、解释、转折还是因果等，最后要做的是把整段的大意归纳出来——这一步对于锻炼你的归纳能力是十分重要的。如此读完整篇文章后，再将每段的段落大意串联起来，体会一下全文的行文逻辑是怎样的，是按事情的发展顺序还是按事物不同方面来介绍的等等。这样由句到段再到篇的逐个击破，久而久之你的精读能力就能得到提升。

按照以上方法将精读功底修炼扎实之后，接下来需要做的是通过泛读来提高阅读速度。这里我们不妨做一个小实验：先找到一篇和你能力相符的文章，第一种方法是眼睛离文章一定距离，以三行为单位从上往下扫。第二个方法是按照大部分同学现有的阅读习惯，从左往右一行一行地读。哪种方法快一些呢？很显然是第一种。第一种方法就是我们所说的“扫读”。要想读得快，需要训练的就是这样的能力。如果你想问训练这种能力的诀窍是什么，答案很困难也很简单，那就是坚持！在提速的道路上，开始可能会有些吃力，那我们就放慢些速度，但千万不要因为觉得困难就屈服于以前的传统阅读习惯，那是脆弱。当种的训练达到一定的量以后，就会发生质变。所以叫泛读，讲究的就是训练的量。正如我们现在回过头去读小学二年级的课文，我们现在的速度却不可同日而语，为什么呢？因为这么多年我们有意无意地都在进行中文阅读，阅读量大了，阅读能力自然早已发生了飞跃。英文阅读能力的提升也同样是这个道理。

商务英语阅读测试中的阅读策略 篇7

商务英语作为一种专门用途英语, 在全球经济一体化和商业活动频繁的今天越来越凸显它的重要性。而在商务英语技能中, 阅读无疑是获取商务信息, 进行商务交流的重要手段。商务英语测试中阅读所占的比重最大也证明了这一点。那么如何提高商务英语阅读能力, 尤其是如何在商务英语阅读测试中掌握一定的阅读策略进而更有效的进行阅读测试成为很多将来有志于从事商务工作现在面临商务英语测试这一道关口的学生所关心的问题。拟就商务英语阅读测试中的阅读策略问题进行一粗浅的分析, 希望对该领域的研究和实践能有所帮助。

2 普通商务英语阅读测试中的阅读模式及对商务英语阅读测试的启示

商务英语阅读策略探讨的是, 在商务英语语言环境下, 有效提高商务英语阅读能力的策略。而实际上, 商务英语并不是英语的变种, 只是英语在商务环境下的应用。普通英语阅读策略同样适用于商务英语阅读的语境, 只是需要学生针对具体的情况进行具体的运用。

2.1 普通阅读理论模型

阅读理论将阅读模型分为三种:自下而上型, 自上而下型, 相互作用型。自下而上型的阅读模式是, 读者依赖文章提供的语言信息, 从单词、短语到句子再到篇章, 最后对文章内容做到整体理解的过程。自上而下型的阅读模式是, 读者首先是借助头脑中已有的对文章主题相关背景知识的理解, 对文章内容进行预测和判断, 再通过文章具体的文字信息不断的与原来头脑中预测的信息进行比较, 综合, 判断, 最后达到对文章的整体理解的过程。相互作用型是两种模式的综合。提出相互作用模型的RUMELHART认为, 在任何层次的阅读中, 两种模式都可以同时出现。当学生欠缺语言知识, 他就会自然的多以预测为主, 而当他对文章背景知识所知甚少时, 他就会更多的依赖于自下而上的阅读模式。

2.2 对商务英语阅读测试的启示

普通英语的三种阅读模式同样适用于商务英语阅读, 结合商务英语的语言特点, 给我们的启发是:

首先:增强学生自下而上的的阅读能力就要重视商务英语词汇量的扩大和长难句的解读能力的提高。这是语言能力的体现也是提高阅读测试能力的根本保证。通过扩大商务英语的词汇量和解读句子的能力可以增强学生在进行自下而上阅读过程中的能力。

同时, 加强商务英语语篇体裁特点的了解可以增强学生自上而下阅读过程中推理, 猜测的能力。商务英语的文章有特定的主题和文章体裁模式, 以及特定的语篇结构, 学生在了解了这些特点之后, 通过题目或者通过上下文的衔接, 标志性的词语就可以对文章有一大致的了解, 这样就可以避免单纯通过语言知识来理解文章, 从而加快了解读文章的能力。同时, 了解一定的商务英语背景知识, 使学生通过商务知识的角度对文章有一个整体的预测对提高学生英语阅读速度的提高也有很大的帮助。

3 普通英语阅读策略在商务英语阅读测试中的具体运用

3.1 预测

预测是阅读策略中的重要环节, 同样的, 在商务英语阅读测试中, 预测也是提高阅读速度和效率的一个重要步骤。预测通常包括对文章主题, 题材, 结构等方面的预测, 对于商务英语的文章来讲, 由于商务英语在语篇模式, 上下文衔接等方面有着显著的特点, 学生就可以通过这些重要的线索对文章整体内容进行预测, 从而加快阅读理解速度。

3.2 猜测词义

一篇文章中难免会遇到一些生词, 在这个时候要鼓励学生利用已有的知识线索来进行猜词。猜词的方法通常包括构词法, 例如词根、词缀等, 或者利用上下文的语义线索, 按照同义, 反义, 近义的逻辑关系来猜词。商务英语的词汇有着很强的专业性, 读者在利用上下文或者构词法猜词的同时, 也要注意商务英语词汇的专业性, 切忌望文生义。

3.3 略读

略读是一种快速浏览的阅读方式, 目的是提取文章大意, 读者在阅读时可能会跳跃式的阅读以掌握文章大意, 而忽略一些具体的细节。商务英语文章的整体逻辑性较强, 读者在时间有限的情况下, 可以略读或跳读句与句之间, 段与段之间的表示逻辑关系的一些词语来整体把握文章的脉络, 例如注意上下文的连接词, but, however, whereas, 表示转折, 而as, because, since表示原因, 还有表示文章内容先后顺序的first, second, third等, 通过关注这些词, 并对文章的段首, 段尾的或主体部分的一些关键词进行扫读, 读者就会对文章的大致内容有了一个整体的了解。

3.4 寻读

在商务英语阅读测试中有一类题型即是事实细节题, 这类题型要求考生确认事实细节, 通常以what, where, why, when, who来提问, 在解答这部分题型时, 学生就可以运用寻读的手段, 即, 带着问题在文章中快速的寻找答案, 而忽略掉与此无关的内容。运用这种方法, 读者就可以在最短的时间内获得解题所需要的最大的信息量。

4 结论

商务英语无论在词汇, 篇章方面都有其独特的行文特点, 读者在进行商务英语阅读测试的备考中可以练习运用上述的阅读策略来提高阅读效率, 加快阅读速度。但是, 我们也应看到, 商务英语阅读能力的增强最根本的保障仍旧是学生水平的切实提高, 例如扩大商务英语专业词汇的词汇量, 积累商务英语环境下的专业知识等。相信在学生具备了一定的商务英语水平的基础上, 再施以阅读技巧和策略的强化, 商务英语阅读应试能力一定会有所提高。

参考文献

[1]廖英.国际商务英语-理论, 语言与实务[M].长沙:中南大学出版社, 2002.

[2]潘亚玲:外语学习策略与方法[M]北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2004

英语阅读测试题设计 篇8

一、原题再现

Below is adaptedfrom an English dictionary.

45.What does the phrase“green shoots”mean in“Green shoots have begun to appear in different markets”?

A.Change in policy.

B.High prices.

C.Environmental protection.

D.Signs of recovery.

46.Fill in the blank in the sentence“I can't be-lieve this is Joshua—he’s______since we last met!”

A.shot out B.shot up

C.shot through D.shot down

47.When you are talking about unimportant things,we say you are______.

A.shooting the breeze

B.shooting yourself in the foot

C.shooting your mouth off

D.shooting questions at somebody

48.Choose a word to complete the sentence“The______,which killed a policeman and wounded apasser-by,was reported to have lasted only 13 seconds.”

A.shooter B.shoot

C.shooting D.shot

[答案]45.D 46.B 47.A 48.C

二、试题品鉴

这道试题具有以下几个鲜明的特点。

(一)选材新颖

1. 取材独辟蹊径

本篇阅读的体裁是一篇应用文,其语料没有局限于广告、报刊、说明手册等大众化的内容,而是选自原汁原味的英文原版词典,语料真实、实用,在试题题材的多样化、生活化、交际化方面有了新的拓展。英文原版词典呈现的是一个纯英语的环境,查阅的过程也是一种阅读理解的过程。换句话说,语言地道的词典文本,本身就是很好的阅读材料。

2. 内容与时俱进

该阅读理解的语料源自最新版本——2008年剑桥原版的Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (3rd ed.)(以下简称CALD)(Walter 2008),从一定程度上体现了命题取材的时代性。尽管词典的编纂有相对的稳定性,但随着社会的发展、信息技术的进步以及出版业竞争的加剧,各品牌的新版词典在内容、规模、体例和模式等方面都会有一定程度的改进,在可读性、实用性等方面适当创新,以便更好地适应新时代、满足学习者的需求。

3. 材料贴近学生

词典是英语学习过程中不可或缺的工具,而CALD的定位是集学习词典、搭配词典、习语词典、考试词典于一身,是中高级英语学习者及雅思、BEC考生的理想工具书。因此,该试题的素材与高中学生的学习生活紧密相连,内容难度也与他们的英语实际水平相符,体现了命题者对考生的人文关怀。

(二)加工恰当

对素材进行适度的加工和改造是该题设计的另一个亮点。这样处理有助于防止教学过程中生搬硬套词典的不良倾向。命题者并没有简单地复印词典内容,而是以新版CALD中shoot词条的释义及例证等为蓝本,进行了一些适当的剪裁和调整。文本中删减了原文的部分内容,如该词条的第5、6、7个义项,shoot sth/sb down (in flames)、shoot a glance at sb、sb should be shot等习语,短语动词shoot up的第2个义项等等,使得文本更加紧凑。同时,有选择性地加上了关联词汇shooting词条的有关解释。文本保留了CALD独特的词频标注方式(见阅读文本的右上角)。为了便于学习者有选择地掌握词汇,命题者按照使用频率将词汇分成E,I,A三个等级,但隐去了页码等信息,这样既保留了原版词典的风格,又融入了命题者的智慧,体现出较高的命题技术含量。尽管在字体颜色字号的一致性、上下对齐等细节上仍有改进余地,但瑕不掩瑜。

(三)能力立意

命题者巧妙地将能力立意寓于技能考查之中,充分体现了新课标的思想[1]。

1. 重视考查考生的阅读能力

该试题阅读文本部分累计单词713个(不包括音标、词性、标点、序号以及标识等字符),与浙江省2009年高考英语阅读理解B篇——分类广告,以及2010年的B篇——租房指南的体裁和风格如出一辙。值得一提的是,该省2011年的B篇恰恰就是关于词典查阅的试题。解答这一类信息量大、实用性强的阅读理解试题时,考生需要灵活运用“带题寻读”的阅读策略,先看题目,然后带着任务到原文中准确定位,有针对性地捕捉相关信息,从而在有限的时间内快速获取有效的信息。其实,“带题寻读”的策略与定向查阅词典的方法不谋而合。

2. 注重考查考生的自学能力

对于平时养成勤查词典习惯的考生来说见题如见词典,倍感亲切,自然驾驭自如。有体验的考生就应该有优势。因此,从一定程度上来说,这道试题有意识地考查了考生英语学习过程中词典的使用情况,也就是说,考查他们利用词典等工具书进行自主学习的情况,具有很好的导向性。由此可见,这道阅读试题不仅考查考生阅读理解的“实力”,更重要的是在考查考生升入高校以后继续学习的“潜力”,一箭双雕,匠心独具。

笔者认为,该试题最根本的特色是将“考”与“学”有机地结合起来:一方面“以学定考”,试题贴近学生的学习生活,贴近学生的实际语言水平;另一方面“以考导学”,通过这种独特的命题方式,引导教师重视利用词典资源辅助教学,以培养学生的自主学习能力。在试题中蕴含着素质教育的内涵,彰显着新课标的理念,从这个意义上来说,该试题堪称是能力立意的佳作,是考试评价的创新。

三、相关链接

实际上,作为知名品牌的原版英文学习词典,CALD一直颇受浙江自主命题专家的青睐。笔者使用CALD和Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(4th ed.)(以下简称LDOCE)(Summers 2003),对2008～2010年该省的单项填空进行了系统的查证和比较,结果发现,共有10道题源自这两本词典,两本词典各占5句,平分秋色(见表1)。

耐人寻味的是,2009年高考是浙江省进入新课改的第一年,当年的高考英语就从CALD上引用了两个例句进行命题。比如:

[真题]The system has been designed to give students quick and easy——to the digital resources of the library.(第6题;答案:A)

A.access B.passage

C.way D.approach

[出处]CALD中access词条的例句:The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.

该试题的题干部分也经过了处理,有两处微调:一是将词典例句中the user改为students,二是将the required information改为the digital resources of the library,与原句相比形神兼备,适度创新。

以上利用词典命制单项填空试题的现象进一步佐证了词典的价值,而且并非个案,亦非浙江的“特产”。研究表明,“鉴于原版词典拥有大量鲜活的例句,选例简洁、经典,语境合理、鲜明,语言规范、地道,是编制试题的极好素材,每年全国高考英语试题、各省市自主命制的高考试题都能够或多或少地从中找到影子”(徐险峰2010a:103)。也就是说,利用词典命制高考题的现象具有相对的广泛性。而各地所选用的词典也没有局限于某一种品牌或者某一个版本,呈现出多元化和多样化的特点。不过,CALD和LDOCE在近四年里被利用的频率较高,占据主流地位。

四、延伸思考

利用词典进行命题进一步彰显了词典的权威性和适用性,同时也说明了词典在高中英语教学中的独特价值——权威词典是高考命题的资源,也是高中英语教与学的资源(徐险峰2010b:59)。正如陈琳(2004:8)所言:“一本好词典就是我们最好的、最起码不可少的‘良师’了。”Bloomfield也曾指出:“词典是迄今发明的用于提高语言教学能力的工具中使用最为广泛的一种,我们所有从事语言教学的人都有必要了解它们。”(转引自Iison 1985:5)词典在英语教学中的地位可见一斑。

新课标在学习资源策略目标中明确提出“有效地使用词典等工具书”,并倡导学生“通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法,充分发挥自己学习的潜能,形成有效的学习策略,提高自主学习的能力”。

高考试题与词典例句高对应性的现象,也从一个侧面说明了词典的权威性和适用性,体现了词典在英语教学中的价值。那么,究竟该如何指导学生选好、用好词典呢?笔者认为,可以从以下两方面着手。

(一)词典的选用

词典的选用要以人为本,因人制宜。教师应该指导学生根据学习实际和发展需要选择词典,也就是说,选用的词典一方面要适合自己当下的英语水平,适应高中阶段英语学习的要求;另一方面还要适合未来发展,适应自己最近发展区的要求。因此,词典的选用主要有以下依据:(1)权威性。权威的编撰者,权威的出版社,英语教育专家公认,利用率高。(2)可靠性。品牌,正版,销售渠道正规,新版。(3)实用性。适合高中学生,适合学生自己的水平和需要。

目前,市面上的英语学习型词典林林总总,各具特点。具有中国特色的本土词典比较贴近中国学生实际,但从长远来讲还是提倡使用国外知名品牌的英英词典或英汉词典。比如,在高考命题中利用频度较高的CALD和LDOCE,各方面认可度高,不失为英语学习的优选词典。当然,最终的标准还是适合自己的才是最好的。

(二)词典的利用

高考命题者之所以偏爱词典,主要是因为权威词典的例句语言地道、语境真实。特别是CALD和LDOCE等基于语料库编纂的词典,情景交际的特点十分鲜明。所以,引导学生合理利用好词典提供的阅读素材,自主研习词典例句,体悟语境语义,无论是对提高英文素养还是应试都大有裨益。比如,研读CALD whoever词条中的例句:Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please?(Walter 2005),就不难在高考英语试题中找到它的影子。

[真题]Could I speak to______is in charge of International Sales,please?(2007年山东卷,第22题;答案:C)

A.anyone B.someone

C.whoever D.no matter who

[真题]Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?(2009年全国I卷,第24题;答案:C)

A.who B.what

C.whoever D.whatever

再如,LDOCE中whatever词条中的例句:①He’ll be ready to accept whatever help he can get.②The building must be saved,whatever the cost.③“How about camping,just for a change?”“OK,whatever you want.”(Summers 2003)这些鲜活的例句同样被改编成为高考试题。

[真题]The poor young man is ready to accept______help he can get.(2005年全国Ⅱ卷,第11题;答案:C)

A.whichever B.however

C.whatever D.wherever

[真题]The older tower must be saved,_the cost.(2005年浙江卷,第7题;答案:B)

A.however B.whatever

C.whichever D.wherever

[真题]一How about camping this weekend,justfor a change?

—OK,______you want.(2010年浙江卷,第1题;答案:C)

A.whichever B.however

C.whatever D.whoever

利用词典还需注意词典的多样化、查阅方式的多样化,以期达到词典利用效益的最大化。指导学生参阅词典绝不是单纯为了应试,而是帮助学生有效地利用词典资源,践行自主性、探究性、合作性学习的理念,逐步形成合理的词典利用策略,使他们在丰富多彩的、原汁原味的英语环境中汲取营养,锻炼英文思维,进而提高综合运用语言的能力。

总而言之,无论是取材于词典的阅读理解试题,还是源自词典例句的单项填空试题,都有着异曲同工之妙:体现了“以学定考,以考导学”的理念,较好地贯彻了“以学生(的发展)为本”的命题思想,符合《课标》要求,闪烁着素质教育的光芒。既有利于较全面地考查考生的综合语言运用能力,反过来,对于推进中学素质教育又具有积极的反拨作用。为此,教师应该指导学生利用词典辅助英语学习,提高学习效益,培养自主学习能力。

摘要：本文通过对一道阅读理解试题的取材、加工、立意等方面的命题特色的品鉴,结合对利用词典命制高考单项填空试题现象的分析,揭示了英语试题中所蕴含的新课标理念,进而倡导教师指导学生有效利用词典培养自学能力。

关键词：以学定考,以考导学,词典资源,素质教育,自主学习

参考文献

[2]浙江省教育考试院.2010.2010年浙江省普通高考考试说明[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社.

[1]教育部.2003.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[S].北京:人民教育出版社.

陈琳.2004.怎样自学英语[J].山东师范大学外国语学院学报:基础英语教育(2):3-10.

徐险峰.2010a.对利用词典例句命制高考题的调研(2007年-2009年)[J].疯狂英语:教师版(3): 103-108.

徐险峰.2010b.源自词典的高考英语单选题命题特点赏析[J].教学月刊:中学版(7):56-59.

Iison,R.1985.Dictionaries,lexicography and language learning[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press.

Summers,D.2003.Longman dictionary of contemporary English[M].4th ed.Essex:Longrnan Group UK Ltd.

Walter,E.2005.Cambridge advanced learner's dictionary [M].2nded.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

英语阅读测试题设计 篇9

(2011年高考终极压轴安徽卷)

Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas. People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事)or drive on weekends benefit most from car sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and have access to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to make a reservation, and then go to the pickup spot.

Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road. Members don't drive just because they are in a car. They plan trips, and if they don't need a car, they don't use one. Still, a car is available to them if they need to make a big trip to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually don't have to pay for the gas, insurance or maintenance (保养), and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but aren't ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go.

If you still need to get around, but want to go even greener than sharing a car, share a bus!

1. The author intends to tell us that car sharing _______.

A. has become the most popular way to go to work

B. has become the best way to cut living costs

C. is becoming more and more popular in cities

D. is becoming popular both in urban and rural(乡村的)areas

2. We can conclude from the passage that .

A. Zipcar can't help you if you are running urgent errands

B. Zipcar, different from other services, aims green driving with no profit

C. Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing service for a monthly payment

D. Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free

3. The second paragraph mainly tells us _______.

A. why people will share a car

B. why car sharing benefits the environment

C. why car sharing is cheaper than owning a car

D. why a car is available to members

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Car sharing has become a new trend.

B. Car sharing can save you the headaches of ownership.

C. Bus sharing is even greener than car sharing.

D. Zipcar is the largest company offering car sharing services.

B

(2011年安庆一中、合肥六中临考卷)

Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortages of type O blood. Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.

There are four main kinds of blood. Most people are born with one of these four: type A, type B, type AB or type O. Type O can be safely given to anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood.

Type O is the most common blood group. But the supplies of it available in hospitals and blood banks are usually limited. This is because of high demand. Type O blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to identify the patient's blood type.

Giving A, B or AB to someone with a different blood type, including O, can cause a bad reaction by the person's defense system. Their immune system can reject the blood. This immune reaction can be deadly.

The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules. These molecules are found on the surface of the cells. They are known as antigens (抗原). These antigens are found with type A, B and AB blood but not with type O.

More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type ceils. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes (酶). But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change.

Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it could become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.

1. The new way scientists use to reduce shortage of type O blood is _______.

A. to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood

B. to give birth to more babies with type O blood

C. to use other kinds of blood to replace type O blood

D. to appeal to more people to donate type O blood

2. People have different kinds of blood types because _______.

A. people's red blood cells contain different kinds of sugar molecules

B. the areas where people live have an influence on their blood types

C. they have different races, cultures and origins

D. they are born with different kinds of blood types

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. One person's antigens could easily be removed to another person.

B. A Denmark company sponsored the study led by Doctor Henrik Clausen.

C. Type O blood can be given to anybody regardless of his own blood type.

D. The new method is too costly to be put into use in hospitals.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. People in the world have four different kinds of blood.

B. A new way to reduce the shortage of Type O blood.

C. Doctor Henrik Clausen and his research into blood type.

D. People's immune system can reject the wrong type of blood.

C

(皖南八校2011届高三第二次联考)

If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?

According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.

The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.

A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.

Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.

“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.

It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.

Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),”he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”

The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.

1. The main subject talked about in this passage is _______.

A. science on learning a second language

B. man's ability of learning a second language

C. language can help brain power

D. language learning and maths study

2. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to _______.

A. say language is also a kind of physical labor

B. prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language

C. to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language

D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well

3. We may know from the scientific findings that _______.

A. the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is

B. there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't know a second language

C. the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people's brain

D. the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time

4. The underlined word “bilingual” probably means _______.

A. a researcher on language learning

B. a person who is good at learning foreign languages

C. a person who can speak two languages

D. an active language learner

D

(皖北协作区2011届高三联考)

Sometimes there doesn't seem to be enough rain. Other times there is too much. Maybe there isn't a lot we can do to control the rain, but there is a lot we can do to reduce problems caused by different rainfall patterns.

A new development at the London Wetland Centre in Barnes solves the problems of managing water with a “Rain Garden”. We are likely to be hearing about it a lot more often over the next few years. The idea is that the garden owner can store rainwater and use it in dry periods. They can reduce the problems caused by extra rain this way.

One of the key problems that the rain garden tries to deal with is the problem caused by too much water in the street. In a natural environment, a lot of rainwater is sent back into the air by plants. Much is also absorbed deep into the ground, and flows into streams and rivers. What happens in city environments can be completely different—a large, amount of rainwater flows straight off the hard surfaces of roofs and roads. The harder the rain, the less likely it will be absorbed into the ground—floods are the result. Rainwater running off roads is often polluted.

The rain garden deals with living plants rather than hard surfaces. Plants are designed to hold water and release it slowly, either into the ground, to be absorbed by plant roots (and so eventually back up into the atmosphere) or to go down into the water table. Not only does the rain garden reduce the amount of water that flows onto the street, but it helps to clean it; plants are very good at breaking down pollutants (污染物).

1. What's the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Explaining why there is a lack of rain at times.

B. Introducing several different patterns of rainfall.

C. Telling us how to avoid problems caused by rain.

D. Giving the idea that there are ways to manage rain water.

2. According to the second paragraph, “Rain Gardens” are likely to _______.

A. harm the environment in the short run

B. become popular over the next few years

C. be turned down by most new developments

D. be too expensive for common people to accept

3. We can learn from the third paragraph that _______.

A. floods are often the results of small rains

B. a heavy rain is less difficult for plants to absorb

C. the rain garden helps send rainwater back into the air

D. larger amounts of rainwater flow straight off in city environments

4. According to the last paragraph, what does the rain garden help to clean?

A. The plants. B. The ground.

C. The water. D. The street.

E

(江南十校2011年高考二模冲刺卷)

Children today are crazy about roller skating, for it's easy and fun. After supper on week-days, anytime on weekends and especially any day in school holidays, so many roller skaters flow into streets, squares, parks and playgrounds. What a beautiful sight!

But a long time ago, roller skating was a different story. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin, whose work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked playing the violin. Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.

One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. Very pleased and a little excited, he accepted it. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think hard how to make a grand entrance at the party. A strange idea struck him one day—he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.

He tried different ways to make himself roll.Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each slice. These were the first roller skates. Very proud of his invention, he couldn't wait for the special day to come, when he would arrive at the party on wheels while playing the violin.

On the night of the party Merlin did as he had planned, rolling into the room playing his violin. Quite astonished, all present cast their eyes over him. Then, unexpectedly, came one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!

1. Merlin was considered a dreamer because he _______.

A. always dreamed while sleeping

B. invented the roller skates

C. often gave others surprises

D. had very rich imagination

2. Merlin roller skated into the room in order to _______.

A. arrive at the party on time

B. impress the party guests

C. test his new roller skates

D. make the host satisfied

3. The main point the writer tries to make in the last paragraph is _______.

A. the party guests laughed at Merlin

B. the roller skates needed improving

C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation

D. Merlin got himself into great trouble

4. The text is mainly about _______.

A. an unusual party

B. the origin of roller skating

C. a funny musician

D. the great joy Merlin brought

F

(合肥一中2011年冲刺高考模拟最后一卷)

When I was a kid, I was a little fat, but I was also into sports. In college, I was less active, and I started blowing up. It got out of control when I went to law school.

I'd made a mental decision a thousand times; I'm going to start losing weight now. But what prompted me to get serious about it was turning 30. At that point, I weighed 414 pounds. I was always tired. I have a family history of heart disease, and I was scared. I also wanted to look better. So a few weeks after my birthday, in the spring of 2006, I started to lose weight.

Walking was all I could do at first. I started by walking to a subway stop a few blocks away instead of the one closest to my apartment. On weekends, I'd walk in Central Park. I gradually increased the distance. A year later, I started to run. At first I could run for only two minutes, but I kept on.

It made a difference. I was losing nine or ten pounds a month, and I had a lot more energy. And there's something about running. It makes you feel like a kid again. I enjoyed it. I started to think about the New York City Marathon, which goes right past my apartment building. For years, I thought I could never do that. But now I realized that maybe I could. By my 33rd birthday, in the spring of 2009, I was down to 180 pounds. That summer, I started formally training for the marathon. And on the morning of November 1, I stood on the Verrazano Bridge in Staten Island with more than 40,000 other runners, waiting for the event to start. When we started moving, it was an amazing feeling to have people cheering me on, handing me cups of water. In Harlem, my mom and brother stood on a street corner, waving. And then I crossed the finish line in Central Park, and somebody put a medal around my neck. I was in tears from being so happy.

At that moment, I knew: If I set my mind to something, nothing is impossible.

1. How old is the writer in the year of 2006

A. 30. B. 31.

C. 32. D. 33.

2. The underlined word “blowing up” in Paragraph 1 could roughly be replaced by _______.

A. losing the temper

B. gaining weight

C. breaking the tire

D. air charging

3. The first step the writer takes to lose his weight is _______.

A. dieting B. running

C. walking D. swimming

4. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. The writer once weighed 414 pounds.

B. The writer lives in New York City.

C. The writer almost lost more than 200 pounds during 3 years.

D. The starting point of the City Marathon is Central Park.

G

(皖南八校2011届高三第三次联考)

If a business wants to sell its products internationally, it had better do some market research first. This is a lesson that some large American corporations have learned the hard way.

What's in the name?

Sometimes the problem is the name. When General Motors introduced its Chevy Nova into Latin America, it overlooked the fact that Nova in Spanish means “It doesn't go”. Sure enough, the Chevy Nova never went anywhere in Latin America.

Translation problems

Sometimes it is the slogan that doesn't work. No company knows this better than Pepsi—Cola, with its “Come alive with Pepsi!” campaign. The campaign was so successful in the United States, Pepsi translated its slogan literally for its international campaign. As it turned out, the translations weren't quite right. Pepsi was begging Germans to “Come out of the grave” and telling the Chinese that “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave.”

A picture's worth a thousand words

Other times, the problem involves packaging. A picture of a smiling baby has helped sell countless jars of Gerber baby food. When Gerber started selling baby food in Africa, they used the same packaging as in the US, with the smiling baby on the label. Later they learned that in African countries, the picture on the jar shows what the jar has in it, for many people there can't read.

Twist (扭曲,扭转) of fate

Even culture and religious factors and pure coincidence can be involved. Thorn McAn shoes have a Thorn McAn “signature” inside. To people in Bangladesh, which is a Muslim country, this signature looked like Arabic script for the word Allah. In that country, feet are considered unclean, and Muslims felt the company was offending God's name by having people walk on it.

1. From the text we learn that _______.

A. Chevy Nova was brought in Latin America

B. General Motors did the best market research of all companies

C. Pepsi still sold well in China owing to the translation problems

D. the “Come alive with Pepsi” campaign worked well in the US

2. What was Gerber's problem?

A. A translation problem.

B. Cultural factor.

C. Religious factor.

D. The picture on the jar.

3. For what reason were Thorn McAn shoes turned down in Bangladesh?

A. They are not designed attractively.

B. Their advertisements are not persuasive.

C. A signature looking like the word Allah was in the shoes.

D. Problem For Thorn McAn was the company's name.

4. What does the text mainly tell us?

A. Lessons from some large corporations.

B. How to make use of advertisements.

C. The importance of market research.

D. The importance of packaging.

H

(安徽名校2011届高三第一次联考)

Face-to-face communication involves much more than the spoken word. In fact, we often communicate our feelings to others through our body language without realizing we are doing so. We communicate through posture (姿态,体态), gesture and facial expression. But the eyes also play an important part in this unspoken language. William Shakespeare called the eyes “a window to the soul,” and you can learn to look through that window and better understand a person's body language by reading eye movement.

Begin a conversation and ask a simple question. Watch carefully for eye movement during the response. If the person looks up, he or she is thinking or forming pictures. This is also a sign of a visual thinker. Looking up and to the left shows recalling a memory, while looking up and to the right could show imaginative construction or lying.

If the person looks down, this could be a sign of obedience (服从) or even blame. Looking down and to the left can show a person talking to themselves. Looking down and to the right can show that they are feeling strong emotion.

Looking sideways can indicate distraction or checking out a potential threat, but a sideways glance can also show anger. In addition, eyes that look side to side often show shiftiness and lying.

A glance usually indicates a desire for something. Glancing at a door could show a desire to leave the room, while a glance, at a person could indicate a desire to talk to them. A glance is also used when it is forbidden to look at something.

A person who is lying to you may hold eye contact longer than normal. In addition, this person might smile with his mouth but not with his eyes. Smiling with the eyes is difficult to do if the emotion is not genuine.

Rapid blinking (眨) of the eyes can occur when a person is thinking, and this can also be another sign of lying. Again, a person who is aware of this sign might overcompensate (补偿过度) and stare.

1. The writer supported his argument in the first paragraph by _______.

A. using a quotation

B. defining the body language

C. telling a story of William Shakespeare

D. making a comment on eyes

2. Which of the following eye movement shows a dishonest speaker?

A. If he looks up and to the left.

B. If he looks up and to the right.

C. If he looks down and to the left.

D. If he looks down and to the right.

3. Which eye movement cannot hide your feelings?

A. Looking side to side.

B. Blinking the eyes quickly.

C. Smiling with the eyes.

D. Maintaining a prolonged eyes contact.

4. The writer wrote this passage to _______.

A. introduce the different meanings of the body languages

B. teach us how to use eyes to express ourselves

C. explain the importance of body languages

D. tell us how to read eye movement

参考答案与解析

A

【导读】绿色环保是当今人们的热点话题,因此也是考试中经常出现的内容之一。本文讲述了目前环保驾驶如何越来越受到人们的欢迎,应运而生的汽车共享(car sharing)及其服务机构也随之受到青睐。

1. C 推理判断题。文章第一句话Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas.是本文的主题句,据此可知答案为C。

2. C 推理判断题。从第一段中Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and have access to an entire fleet of cars when they need one.两句可以判断出C为正确答案。

3. A 主旨大意题。第二段第一句话Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road.和后面的内容都讲述了car sharing的优点。这些优点都是人们愿意car sharing的原因。

4. D 推理判断题。前三个选项文中已提及,只有D没有在文中提及。

B

【导读】本文介绍了目前科学家正在检测一种新的O型血的制造方法来解决现在医院和血库中O型血的匮乏问题。

1. A 细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句话What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.可知答案为A。

2. A 细节理解题。由文章第五段第一句话The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules.可知答案为A。

3. C 推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Type O can be safely given to anyone.和第三段中的Type O blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to identify the patient's blood type.可知答案为C。

4. B 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段可知本文主要介绍科学家发现了一种新的O型血的制造方法,所以答案为B。

C

【导读】研究者们通过研究测试发现:双语者(bilinguals)在阅读、写作、理解等方面能力都比单语者更强,而且第二语言学习的年龄越小,就会大脑更灵活、思维力越强。

1. C 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段和后面对研究的叙述可知C是正确答案。

2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段知:研究表明,学习其他语言可以改变主管信息加工的大脑区域,并使之更强大,这就如同锻炼可以增长肌肉一样。可以看出作者把学习第二语言对大脑的作用比作了身体锻炼对肌肉的作用。

3. A 推理判断题。根据第三、四、五段的内容可推知。

4. C 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的…took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language…和第五段的第一句话Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.可以推知答案为C。

D

【导读】一种新的方法rain garden可储存和清洁过多的雨水供干旱时使用,同时还解决了大雨可能造成城市内涝的问题。本文就是介绍rain garden是如何发挥作用的。

1. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容,尤其是最后一句可得知答案为D。

2. B 细节理解题。由第二段中We are likely to be hearing about it a lot more often over the next few years.一句可知答案为B。

3. D 细节理解题。由第三段中What happens in city environments can be completely different—a large, amount of rainwater flows straight off the hard surfaces of roofs and roads.一句可知答案。

4. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可得出答案。

E

【导读】身为乐器制造师的Merlin喜欢幻想、创新。一次参加化装舞会时,为了使他的入场给人们以新奇感,他用自己制出的旱冰鞋边滑边演奏小提琴入场,吸引了所有在场人的目光。文章介绍的是roller skating的起源。

1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.和后面对故事情节的描述可得知答案为D。

2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中As the day of the party came near,Merlin began to think hard how to make a grand entrance at the party. A strange idea struck him one day—he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.两句话可得知答案为B。

3. C 推理判断题。最后一段作者既写到意料之中的事情(Merlin穿着旱冰鞋参加聚会引起满堂宾客的注意),又提到意料之外的事情(他撞落墙上的大镜子),两件事的共同发生使Merlin获得了意想不到的成功,所以答案为C。

4. B 主旨大意题。文章介绍的是roller skating的起源。

F

【导读】作者在开始上大学时懒于运动,导致在原来就胖的基础上更加肥胖,带来很多不便,但是通过坚强的意志进行锻炼,终于取得了较好的减肥效果。

1. A 细节理解题。从文章第二段中But what prompted me to get serious about it was turning 30.一句可知答案为A。

2. B 词义猜测题。根据前后语句可推知是“胖起来了”。

3. C 细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句话Walking was all I could do at first.可知答案为C。

4. D 推理判断题。从文章第四段中的And then I crossed the finish line in Central Park,…可知答案为D。

G

【导读】公司要想把产品打到国际上去,就要进行市场研究,从产品的名称内涵、翻译、包装上的图片内容到销往地区的宗教文化等都要充分调查研究,否则,不仅仅产品卖不掉,还会产生文化冲突。

1. D 细节理解题。由第三段中The campaign was so successful in the United States,…一句可知答案为D。

2. D 细节理解题。由第四段内容可知答案为D。

3. C 细节理解题。由最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句话可知答案为C。

4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段主题段的内容可知答案为C。

H

【导读】眼睛是心灵的窗户,透过眼睛我们可以看到一个人的内心世界。本文主要介绍了一些眼神的含义。

1. A 细节理解题。由第一段中William Shakespeare called the eyes “a window to the soul,”可知是引用莎士比亚的话,所以选A。

2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的while looking up and to the right could show imaginative construction or lying可知答案为B。

3. C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的Smiling with the eyes is difficult to do if the emotion is not genuine. 可知用眼睛来微笑是最真诚的, 所以答案为C。

4. D 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些眼神的含义,所以选D。

英语阅读测试题设计 篇10

(2011年石家庄质检一)

Rob Kalin learned the secret to success while he was young. As a child, he liked playing with a stuffed (填充) rabbit his mother had made. “At that time, I knew he would become a craftsman (工匠) in the future, ” Kalin's mother said.

Kalin's father was a carpenter and taught him early how to use his hands. In high school, Kalin was so interested in photography that he cut class to take photos 18 hours a day. Eventually, Kalin ended up at New York University. One night, his landlord asked him to build a website for his restaurant. “I didn't know anything about websites, but I built the basic site by looking through books in four weeks, ” Kalin recalls.

After working on a craft site that provided “advice and a lot of hand-holding”, Kalin recognized that there was no market for their goods. He wrote a fan letter to Stewart Butterfield, the founder of Flickr, who had sold his highly popular photo-sharing website to Yahoo! Impressed by Kalin's letter, he took a look at Kalin's idea and invited him to San Francisco for a month in 2006. He taught Kalin how to build a website, and helped him borrow $615, 000 from a bank.

With the help of Stewart, Kalin was able to create etsy. com, an online craft fair that may be the largest market for handmade goods in the world. Last year, 350, 000 woodworkers, and other craftsmen sold their one-of-a-kind goods on the four-year-old site. It sells everything from hand-knitted T-shirts to wooden electric guitars. In an age of chain stores and malls, it seems there's still a big market for the unique: custom-made (定制的) skirts and hand-painted tea sets.

Today, Etsy's staff has increased to 70 employees, and more than three million consumers in 150 countries are buying goods on Etsy every year.

1. It can be learned from the passage that Rob Kalin____ .

A. opened a restaurant after graduation

B. was good at building websites at university

C. admired Stewart Butterfield very much

D. offered good advice to craftsmen

2. Which of the following can be used to describe Rob Kalin?

A. Helpful and creative.

B. Curious and changeable.

C. Smart and humorous.

D. Strict and brave.

3. What can we learn about Etsy from the passage?

A. It offered craftsmen advice at first and then began to sell crafts.

B. It sells custom-made clothes and other handmade things.

C. It has employed 350, 000 craftsmen.

D. It was set up by Stewart Butterfield.

4. Which is the correct order of the following events?

a. Kalin was admitted into New York University.

b. Stewart helped Kalin get enough money to create etsy. com.

c. Kalin spent 18 hours taking photographs every day.

d. Kalin worked on a site providing craftsmen with advice.

e. Kalin built a website for a restaurant owner.

A. abdec B. adcbe

C. caedb D. cbade

B

(2011年石家庄一模)

At Institute for the Future, game designer Jane McGonigal creates massive (大规模的) multi-player free online role-playing games (MMORPGs) , which focus on social changes and environmental problems.She hopes that players will use their new skills to make the real world better.

According to Jane, our addiction to gaming is actually a great thing, so long as we use it properly.Speaking at the TED (Technology/Entertainment/Design) 2010 Conference, Jane says that people should devote more time to games to build the skills necessary to make the world better.People who take part in MMORPGs develop specialized skills in problem-solving as a team.So, if gamers are willing to take part in role-playing games based on real-world problems, they will be able to work together to find ways that can be used in the real world.

Jane focuses on creating the kinds of video games that enable players to make a difference in their own lives and the lives of those around them.In 2007, she helped create a video game called A World Without Oil, in which 1, 800 players tried to find new ways to transport themselves in a world without oil.Even after completing the game, the players focused on the problem and its possible solutions.Her next game, Evoke, takes an even more practical way.Game players are mainly young people in Africa.They will learn to create a business that will help stop problems such as poverty and AIDS on a local level.By the end of the game, players will be guided by experts on how to start their own businesses.

“We can make any future we imagine and we can play any games we want, ”she said at the TED Conference.“So let the world-changing games begin.”

1. The MMORPGs are created by Jane McGonigal to ______.

A. give gamers more chances to play online games

B. develop gamers' problem-solving skills

C. help gamers get used to social changes

D. make gamers take proper attitudes towards games

2. Which of the following is true about MMORPGs?

A. Role-playing games are real-world problems.

B. They take too much of gamers' spare time.

C. The gamers play different roles in the games.

D. They cost gamers a lot of money to play.

3. What can we learn from the third paragraph?

A. A World Without Oil was mainly created for African youth.

B. Gamers can learn how to run a business in Evoke.

C. The gamers of A World Without Oil are all environmentalists.

D. The players taking part in Evoke will start their own businesses.

4. The passage is mainly about_____ .

A. some popular online games

B. advice on how to play games

C. games to solve real-world problems

D.ways to develop specialized skills

C

(2011年唐山一模)

My students often tell me that they do not have “enough time” to do all their homework. My response often is “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about there being twenty-four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not an acceptable explanation of not getting something done.

Once in graduate school, I tried to prove to my professor that I was working hard. His answer was “That's irrelevant (不相干) .What's important is the quality of your work.” That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work, which is perhaps best explained in a sign: “Don't work harder. Work smarter.”

If you can't get more time, as few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of your work. That means improving ways to get more out of the same time. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits, which for students should be read as“study habits”.

Then as a smart student, you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading and writing. If you can, it will pay off in all your subjects.

As to improving reading, one suggestion is to take a quick nap when you feel reading puts you to sleep, which later helps you read better. The second solution is to speed up.

But there are other issues. First, you need to find a place where you can work without unnecessary disturbances. Second, you need to take control. Success depends on realizing that you have to take active control over what you are doing. Third, you might as well get hold of a good book on reading and master the reading skills that pay off in all your classes.

Talking about advice on good writing habits, you simply have to master the writing skills. Increasing your efficiency in both reading and writing will pay off immediately in terms of the quality of your work and in terms of the time spent doing it. Then you will be able to do better work in less time. And maybe you will find time to play golf with the president.

1. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. In fact, everyone has as much time as the president.

B. The key to having enough time is to improve work quality.

C. Reading and writing matter a lot in finishing homework.

D. Not having enough time is unacceptable for unfinished work.

2. According to the author, the students do not have enough time to get their work done mainly because____ .

A. they lack good learning habits

B. they only have 24 hours a day

C. they feel sleepy while reading

D. they are not good at writing

3. The author believes a most important way for a student to improve work quality is to______ .

A. develop reading and writing skills

B. find a quiet place to read and write

C. take control over his or her work

D. read and write in all classes

4. According to the passage, “Don't work harder” means that _____.

A. one should not be more devoted to one's work

B. one should not spend more time in working

C. working harder is not allowed in our daily life

D. working harder is not the key point in work

D

(2011年唐山二模)

It is a fact that, in America most teenagers do not want to learn. But why? The truth of this is that most teenagers do not see the point in learning subjects in school, and that they do not see how it helps them in their lives. It's sad to see many teenagers choose to play in their Xbox (游戏机) rather than read a book.

Most teachers and parents try every trick in the book to get their teens to read or at the very least, get better grades than C's in their final grades. This is very important for them, because their work in school provides a path to their future.

However, few teenagers actually pay attention to this fact. For most teenagers, school is mandatory (强制的) . They think history is pointless as it happened a long time ago. They don't realize that they can learn from the mistakes and experiences of earlier generations. They think geography is pointless because they'll never get to visit all these places anyway. They think math is a waste of time because they can add up using a calculator (计算器) . English is also pointless. They care little for their ability to write correct grammar—after all, as long as they can text, it's fine! Science is a waste of time—they need to learn how to use drugs, not make them! And foreign languages! Well, doesn't everyone speak English these days? America is a big country? Who needs to go abroad even if they could afford it?

So they do not see the point that still these subjects really will enrich their lives and help them get on. They can not see what parents and teachers see in terms of importance in school and their education. They see it as a waste of time, or it being too hard because they have to get up early and do extra work to keep up. It is one main reason why teens do not want to learn in school, which is a major problem that every parent and every teacher has with their teenagers. It can take a long time and a lot of hard work to change this.

1. According to the author, why do most teenagers not want to learn?

A. Because they are busy with computer games.

B. Because all the subjects are too hard for them.

C. Because teachers and parents do not help them.

D. Because they can't see the meaning of learning.

2. We learn from the text that_____ .

A. teenagers know nothing about the history of America

B. most teenagers in America can't afford to go abroad

C. using drugs is a problem among American teenagers

D. Math is not an important subject in America schools

3. The underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refers to the fact that ______.

A. teens don't want to learn

B. teens hate to get up early

C. teens don't understand their parents

D. teens get better grades in school

4. The text mainly tells us _____.

A. why teenagers show no interest in learning

B. how to trick the teenager into learning

C. the importance of learning all the subjects

D. major problems that parents and teachers have

E

(2011年衡水三模)

Book 1 : Brack Obama

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

His mother came from Kansas. His father came from Kenya. He grew up in Hawaii and Indonesia, far from the center of American politics. Few people had even heard of Brack Obama before 2004. But one powerful speech in Boston changed all that for the Illinois senator (参议员) . In 2008, this inspiring leader ran for the country's top job, President.

Book 2: Danica Patrick

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

Growing up, Danica Patrick dreamed of racing in the Indianapolis 500. In 2005, her dream came true. Danica finished the race in fourth place, the best ever result by a woman. Three years later, she became the first female to win an IndyCar race. As a woman competing in a sport dominated by men, Danica faced many obstacles. But she never stopped believing in herself, no matter what the difficulties.

Book 3: Ellen Ochoa

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

Some people dream of becoming stars. Ellen Ochoa dreamed of living among them! She worked hard to make her dream of becoming an astronaut come true. On April 8, 1993, she strapped (用带子系好) herself in for the ride of her life aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Ochoa aimed high and boldly went where no Hispanic woman had gone before. Find out about Ochoa's amazing journey in her own words and photos from her personal collection!

Book 4: LeBron James

Grades: 3-5

Our Price: $ 8.95

Fans, teammates, and opponents know him as King James. Many people consider LeBron James to be the most talented basketball player of his generation. But there is much more to his story. He overcame hard times as a kid and rose to national fame as a teenager. He then jumped right from high school to the pros (舞台前部) . Along the way, LeBron never lost sight of where he came from or who he is.

1. What do the four books have in common according to the passage?

A. Their prices are the same and they are all about famous leaders.

B. They are all about Africans and their contributions to society.

C. They are written for the same grades and their prices are the same.

D. They are for the same readers and printed by the same publisher.

2. Emma is dreaming of being a car racer. Who can be an example to her?

A. Danica Patrick.

B. Brack Obama.

C. Ellen Ochoa.

D. LeBron James.

3. If John wants to learn something about becoming a basketball player, which book should he read?

A. Brack Obama.

B. Danica Patrick.

C. Ellen Ochoa.

D. LeBron James.

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Obama was popular with most of the people in America before he ran for president.

B. In 2005, Danica Patrick became the first woman to win an IndyCar race.

C. Ochoa is the first Hispanic woman to have gone aboard the space shuttle Discovery for the ride.

D. LeBron James is the most talented basketball player.

F

(2011年保定摸底)

If you walk slowly through downtown Helsinki during the day, taking in the splendid 19th century buildings, white boats and noise of passing trams (有轨电车) , you will start to understand why it is called a city of two colors: white and blue.

The sea is always present in Helsinki. When you take a walk over the great open space of the central square, you will hear seabirds screaming. When you take the tram, suddenly and unexpectedly, you are faced with a calm, shining blue sea. You may notice that people in Helsinki do not rush about as in other cities. Instead, they walk along the roads, politely letting other people by.

A usual way to see Helsinki for the first time is to start out by the boats. You will walk by the elderly women selling fish and vegetables in the market square and find yourself in front of a beautiful park. You may enjoy a pleasant walk in the park for a few hours and then take the tram. Trams are the perfect way to get around in Helsinki. Watching the old houses, parks, theatres, churches, shops, restaurants and people in the streets, you may have a slightly sad film feeling to it.

The pale summer nights are another wonder in the city. Following the waterfront (滨水区) of the city after sunset, you couldn't help stopping and listening to the sweet silence, interrupted only by the screaming seabirds and leaving fishing boats.

However, in some way, Helsinki is also the most modern city in northern Europe. You will surely want to visit the white Glass Palace, the modern art museum, and all those extremely popular cafes and design stores.

1. Helsinki is called a city of two colors mainly because of the colors of its ______.

A. 19th century white buildings and boats

B. 19th century buildings and passing trams

C. white roads and blue trams

D. old buildings, boats and the sea

2. The best way to see most of Helsinki is to go_______ .

A. by boat B. by bus

C. by tram D. on foot

3. The 19th century buildings, the white Glass Palace and all those popular cafes and design shops show that Helsinki is________ .

A. both western and eastern

B. both quiet and noisy

C. both historical and modern

D. both old and new

4. This passage is most likely to be found in _______.

A. a story-book

B. a geography textbook

C. a research report

D. a travel magazine

G

(2011年唐山一模)

·Yonge-Dundas Square

40 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON, M5G2C2

Opened in 2002, the Yonge-Dundas Square provides impressive stonework surfaces, a raised stage, and 22 amazing computer-programmed fountains. The square holds events, displays or concerts of various sizes, including very large events by closing part of Yonge Street.

When not used for special events, the square becomes an open space for the public to enjoy.

·CN Tower

301 Front Street West, Toronto, ON, M5V 2T6

Visitors can test their courage by walking across the glass floor 113 stories above the ground with only 2 Vi (垂直距离) inches of glass holding you 342m in the air.

The tower's rotating (旋转的) 360 Restaurant offers an award winning wine list and fantastic view for any romantic evening. If you're not wild about heights, at the base of the tower, there is plenty to shop for in the 10, 000 sq. foot Marketplace.

Tips: Have A Sky High Birthday! The CN Tower now offers birthday parties! To book your birthday party please call 416-601-4704 or email us at birthday @cntower.ca.

·Ontario Science Centre

770 Don Mills Rd., Toronto, ON, M3C1T3

If you talk to anyone who has visited the centre, they'll talk wildly about the hair-raising electrical ball and the simulated (模拟的) Rain Forest.

With hundreds of exhibits in a variety of exhibition halls plus visiting exhibitions, Communication, Sport, Human Body and The Living Earth are a few of the in-depth exhibits worth exploring, along with a film at OMNIMAX theatre, and KidSpark, a learn-through-play area that is specifically designed for kids eight and under.

·Royal Ontario Museum (ROM)

100 Front Street, Toronto, ON, M5S2C6

Generations of children and adults have visited the museum since it opened in 1914. With six million objects in its collections and 40 galleries (陈列室) of art, archeology and natural science, the ROM offers a whole world to explore. Four giant carved totem poles (图腾柱) rise in the centre of the stairwell; the largest is 24.5 metres tall. The Hands-on Biodiversity gallery offers families a fun interactive experience about the interdependence of people, animals and plants.

1. If your classmates would like to explore the secrets of natural science, they should go to _____.

A. Yonge-Dundas Square

B. CN Tower

C. Ontario Science Centre

D. Royal Ontario Museum

2. At CN Tower you can do the following EXCEPT______ .

A. test your courage

B. enjoy a concert

C. do shopping

D. celebrate your birthday

3._________ sites on Front Street are introduced in the passage.

A. Two B. Three

C. Four D. Five

4. This passage may appear in a______ .

A. business newspaper

B. guide book

C. geography magazine

D. science report

H

(2011年保定期末调研)

It was getting dark and snow was coming down. Joe was driving home. He'd been unemployed since the factory closed. Most of his friends had left, but he stayed on. After all, he was born here.

Suddenly he saw a lady standing on the side of the road and pulled up. She was worried. No one had stopped to help her. Was he going to hurt her? He looked poor and hungry. Joe knew how she felt and said, “My name is Joe and I'm here to help you.” All she had was a flat tire, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Joe changed the tire, but he got dirty and his hands were hurt. She wanted to pay Joe and said any amount would have been all right. Joe never thought twice about the money and there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance that they needed.

Later the lady went in a dingy-looking restaurant to grab a bite to eat. The cash register was like the telephone of an out-of-work actor—it didn't ring much. The waitress, who was nearly eight months pregnant, brought a clean towel to her with a sweet smile. The old lady remembered Joe. After the waitress brought the change from a 100-dollar bill, she found the lady gone and something written on a piece of paper, “Someone once helped me out—the way I'm helping you. If you really want to pay me back, don't let the chain of love end with you.”

That night the waitress gave her sleeping husband a soft kiss and whispered, “Everything's going to be all right. I love you, Joe.”

1. What did Joe do that dark snowy evening?

A. He drove to work.

B. He helped an old lady with a flat tire.

C. He gave an old lady a lift.

D. He helped an old lady push her car.

2. The underlined sentence “she wanted to pay Joe and…” suggests that_____ .

A. the old lady was very grateful to Joe's timely aid

B. the old lady cared little about money

C. the old lady didn't have money on hand to pay Joe

D. the old lady wanted to pay Joe less

3. We can learn from this passage that ______.

A. the old lady knew the waitress was Joe's wife

B. the old lady had a big meal in the small restaurant

C. Joe would have a baby soon

D. Joe helped a lot of people in the past

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Acts of luck

B. A warm-hearted man

C. A well-off lady

D. The chain of love

参考答案与解析

A

【导读】从小就从父亲那里学得工匠技术的Rob Kalin虽然不太了解网站知识, 但是他通过看相关书籍在四周内就帮助一个饭店老板建立了网站, 然后又在Stewart Butterfield的指导下建立了自己专门卖手工制品的网站。

1. C 细节理解题。在第三段他写了一封fan letter给Stewart Butterfield, fan意为“粉丝”, 意思是他是Butterfield的崇拜者。

2. A 推理判断题。 他帮助一个饭店老板建立网站, 帮助人们出售手工艺品, 同时他从小就表现出了创造力。

3. B 细节理解题。从第四段得知, Rob Kalin建立了etsy. com, 它是一个手工艺品销售网站。结合文章内容可知答案选B。

4. C 文章结构题。本题帮助读者梳理文章结构。Rob Kalin先是痴迷摄影, 后来进入纽约大学, 帮人建网站, 再后来Butterfield帮他贷款建立了自己的网络市场——etsy. com。

B

【导读】游戏设计者Jane专门研究可供多人免费玩的网上角色游戏, 这些游戏以现实社会和环境问题为基础。通过玩这些游戏, 人们可以提高团结协作解决问题的能力, 进而使我们的社会变得更好。

1. B 细节理解题。 考查学生筛选信息的能力。根据第二段第三句People who take part in MMORPGs develop specialized skills in problem-solving as a team.可知选B。

2. C 细节理解题。 从文中to take part in role-playing games based on real-world problems可知该游戏是分角色的。其他选项均与文章所述有差距。

3. B 细节理解题。从文中By the end of the game, players will be guided by experts on how to start their own businesses.可知从该游戏中可学得如何开始自己的事业。

4. C 主旨大意题。 考查学生对文章的综合概括能力。全文介绍了几个帮助解决实际问题的游戏。

C

【导读】本文指出, 很多学生抱怨没时间, 然而在作者看来, 要解决这个问题是提高工作的质量, 作为学生, 应该去积极寻找适合自己的读写技巧。

1. B 主旨大意题。 第一段提出问题——学生感到没有足够的时间, 结合下文提出的解决办法可知, 本文主旨为“解决时间问题的办法是提高工作质量”。

2. A 细节理解题。第三段提到That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits, which for students should be read as “study habits”.由此可知问题来源于学生缺乏好的学习习惯。

3. A 细节理解题。从Increasing your efficiency in both reading and writing will pay off immediately in terms of the quality of your work and in terms of the time spent doing it.可知提高读写效率可提高工作质量。

4. D 推理判断题。 由第二段最后一句得知, 聪明地工作最重要, 而不是努力地工作。

D

【导读】本文介绍了大多数美国青年对学习没有兴趣及其原因, 可是他们忽略了学习是他们走向未来的一条通道, 现在老师和家长正在努力改变这一现状, 作者着重讲述了这样做的必要性。

1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中…most teenagers do not see the point in learning subjects in school, and that they do not see how it helps them in their lives.可知, 他们没有看到学习的意义。

2. C 推理判断题。 根据第三段可知他们认为上科学课是浪费时间, 他们需要知道的是如何使用毒品, 由此可知毒品问题在美国是严重的社会问题。

3. A 词义猜测题。最后一段说学生不想学习是个严重的问题, 要花费很多时间来改变这个现实问题, this就是指这个现实问题。

4. A 主旨大意题。 文章主要向我们展示了美国青年不想学习的原因。

E

【导读】这是一篇广告, 主要介绍了四本书, 第一本介绍美国总统Brack Obama;第二本介绍女赛车手Danica Patrick;第三本介绍第一位在太空居住的女性Ellen Ochoa;最后一本介绍篮球运动员LeBron James。

1. C 细节理解题。由每本书适用的级别介绍可以看出, 四本书均是适合3-5年级的学生的, 且价格都是$ 8.95。

2. A 推理判断题。第二本书介绍的是赛车手 Danica Patrick, 所以爱玛可以以她为榜样。

3. D 推理判断题。第四本书介绍了篮球明星James, 所以想成为篮球运动员的约翰可以读这本书。

4. C 细节理解题。由第三本书可知, Ochoa是第一个登上太空的西班牙裔女性。

F

【导读】本文主要介绍了历史与现代相结合的赫尔辛基市, 蓝色的大海、白色的船和古老的建筑是这座城市的标志。

1. D 细节理解题。由第一段可知, 它之所以被称为双色城市是因为19世纪的建筑物、白色的船和电车和第二段提到的它紧邻的大海。

2. C 细节理解题。由第三段中Trams are the perfect way to get around in Helsinki.可知电车是完美的在赫尔辛基游览的方式。

3. C 细节理解题。前面提到了该城市的历史古迹, 最后一段又提到了它现代的一面。

4. D 推理判断题。全文主要介绍了赫尔辛基的景色, 首句If you walk slowly through downtown Helsinki during the day, ...有带人游览的意思, 后面还有多处此类旅游指导文体特征的文字。

G

【导读】本文选自旅游指导手册类文本。文中介绍了多伦多四处著名景点, 分别是:Yonge-Dundas Square、CN Tower、Ontario Science Centre、Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) , 主要介绍了它们的具体位置、整体概况和各自的特色。

1. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段提到了natural science方面的陈列室。

2. B 细节理解题。在第二个景点CN Tower的介绍中分别可以找到A、C、D项对应内容, B项不在其列。

3. A 细节理解题。文中介绍了Front大街两个景点Royal Ontario Museum和CN Tower。

4. B 推理判断题。根据文章结构和内容可知本文选自旅游指导手册类书籍。

H

【导读】雪天回家路上, 好心的Joe帮助因车胎问题而遇到困难的女士换轮胎, Joe不假思索地拒绝了女士的钱, 并告诉女士如果真想报答他, 以后就帮助遇到困难的人, 后来女士进了一家饭馆, 吃饭后把100美元的找零给了怀孕的服务员, 其实这位服务员就是Joe的妻子, 爱心得到了传递。

1. B 细节理解题。从第二段中All she had was a flat tire, …were hurt.可知Joe帮助女士换轮胎, 故B正确。

2. A 推理判断题。 从文中可知当时的天气是bad enough, 而Joe如同雪中送炭的帮助使女士非常感激, 故A 正确。

3. C 事实细节题。 由第三段中The waitress, who was nearly eight months pregnant, …及最后一段可知the waitress是Joe的妻子, 故C正确。

4. D 主旨大意题。Joe对女士所说的话及女士留下的纸条揭示了文章的主旨。D正确。

英语阅读测试题设计 篇11

【关键词】中考 英语 阅读 分析

任务型试题源于“任务型语言教学”（Task-based Language Teaching），试题要求学生通过阅读用英语完成各种真实的生活、学习、工作等任务（task），试题设计的目标具有真实性，考察学生语言运用能力。任务型试题是以具体的任务为载体，把知识和技能融为一体，通过多种形式的试题，考察学生用所学语言去做事，在做事的过程中发展运用自己所学语言。在日常教学中，任务型教学立足于学生，以学生作为教学的主体，强化学生的“学”，强调用所学的语言完成某项任务，强调交际的过程和语言的功能，注重学习策略的指导，因而有利于提高学生的实际语言运用能力。任务型阅读，顾名思义，就是在阅读后，要完成一定的主观任务。 任务型阅读对阅读提出了更高的要求，它要求在对语篇整体理解的基础上，运用自身对语言基础知识掌握的能力，按要求完成各个任务。任务型阅读从不同的角度、不同的思维方式出发，除考查学生准确获得信息的能力外，更多的是测试学生综合运用英语的能力。任务型阅读设题灵活，特点突出，不受传统题型的限制，往往在一篇文章中会出现几种类型的题目。下面就以09年全国多地市任务型阅读试题为例，简析试题题型的特点以及考察角度。

一、完成表格试题

完成表格试题在中考英语中出现频率比较高，这一类试题呈现题材多样、形式统一，简明扼要，条理清晰，得分率较高。以09年陕西卷为例：

Trees are one of the oldest citizens（公民）of our earth.Just like us，trees change a lot when they grow.At one to three years old， young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example，many trees grow thorns（刺）to tell animals not to go near.Most young trees have large，deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy.

When trees are 4 years old，they begin to grow very fast and become strong enough to face challenges（挑战）in life.

At the age of 15，trees become young adults.They grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit.

It is not until the trees are 20 to 50 years old that they become real adults.The trees reach their largest sizes.Adult trees give us many things such as oxygen（氧气）and natural beauty.If we give them good care，they will go on to live healthily for many years.

As time goes on，trees begin to grow older and older and even die.At this time，they still have their important place in nature.In many ways，the life of trees is like our own life experience.Enjoy every minute of the life of the trees and take care of them！

Title（题目）

AgeGrowingThings they can do

1--3Growing thorns；

Having large，deep green

leavesLearn to protect themselves；

2

and change it into their food and energy

4Growing very fast；

Becoming strong

enough

3

4 Becoming young adults；

Growing more slowlyProduce flowers and fruit

20—25 5 ；

Reaching their largest sizesGive people many things like oxygen and natural beauty

分析：这是一道完成表格试题，以tree来说明植物和动物一样，具有自我保护功能，考生在阅读短文后，除过按照要求完成任务的能力之外，还考察学生捕捉信息和处理信息的能力并让学生了解植物的生存方式。

二、补全句子与翻译试题

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补全句子试题简单、易答，答案基本都蕴含在所给的阅读材料内，主要考察学生语言转化能力。现以烟台市试题C进行分析：

America’s First Black President

Ten-year-old Barack Obama was one of the only three black students at his school in Hawaii， the US.He is different from most of the other students. White girls wanted to touch his hair.A white boy asked him whether his father ate people.“I lied to them that my father was a Kenyan prince（王子）.But I kept asking myself who I was，”said Obama.37 years later， to everyone’s surprise，the boy became well-known.On November 4th，2008，Obama became the first black president in US history. Obama was born to an African father and a white American woman from a small town in the US in 1961.He grew up in Indonesia and Hawaii.This unusual background（背景）made him wonder who he was.He even wanted to forget this question.With the help of his friends，Obama finally turned his life around in the university. After leaving from Columbia University in 1983，he had a great idea-working hard to bring change to the world.So he moved from New York to Chicago in 1985 and worked in a poor African—American area for three years.After that，he studied laws in Harvard University and graduated in l991.Later，he became the third black senator（参议员）in US history.During his race to the highest post in the US，Obama talked about his background.He called for a United States of America， rather than a white America or a black America.

“（69）奥巴马的成功使马丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King）的梦想变成了现实。That is： （70）A man should not be judged by the color of his skin，but by the content of his character.” He said at the speech in Chicago after he was elected.

根据文章内容完成下列任务。

根据短文内容补全下列句子。

66.When Obama was ten years old，the other students at his school were to him.

67.Obama’s father wasn’t a Kenyan prince，was he？

68.From the story we know that Columbia University is in the city of

将文中画线部分译成英语。

69. . 用（people）作主语改写文中划线句子，保持句意不变。

70.

分析：这是一道综合试题，既有完成句子，又有回答问题，考察学生对前面短文的理解和判断能力，同时还考察学生的知识面以及社会嗅觉。奥巴马是重要新闻人物，他不引起命题者的注意是不可能的，全世界的人都在关注他，作为学生，也应该关注时事新闻。这一试题把学生从书本拉向社会，透视出学习是为社会而学，绝非为考试而学，这也是任务性教学的目标所在。

三、回答问题与翻译试题

这两类试题具有模糊性、复杂性以及隐晦性特点。请看烟台试题D：

A/ H1N1 Flu Continues to Spread Worldwide

BEIJING，May 10（Xinhua ） –The A/ H1N1 continues to spread （传播） around the world as the disease has been confirmed （证实） in more than 4，150 people in 45 countries .

Canada and Costa Rica confirmed their first death case on Saturday，so there are altogether 4 countries which have reported confirmed human death cases.

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In Costa Rica， a 53-year-old man became the first death case of the A/ H1N1 flu. In the Canadian province of Albert， local health government said the A/ H1N1 caused the death of a woman in her 30s who died late April.

But health officials said that both patients and the two deaths in the U.S. were having other health problems when they infected（感染）the disease.

In Tokyo，a high school teacher and two teenage students tested

positive for the disease at the airport after returning from a school trip to Canada.

Australia’s local health government said Saturday that an Australian woman arriving Sydney from Los Angeles tested“weak positive”，becoming the country’s first case.

Also on Saturday，New Zealand，the first country in the Asia-Pacific area to confirm A/ H1N1 flu cases，reported two more on Saturday.

Mexico on Saturday raised the confirmed death to 48. （75） Schools in the capital Mexico City will start classes again on Monday，while two states in which new deaths have just appeared will continue the closing of schools for another week.

Are there ways to reduce（减少）the spread of the disease？“Cover your noses and mouths when you cough or sneeze. Wash your hands often. Avoid（减免）getting in touch with infected people.”New York health officials said.

根据短文内容回答问题。

71. How many capital cities are mentioned（提到）in this passage？And what are they？

72. In which four countries are death cases found？

73. Why did a teacher and two students in Tokyo get infected？

74. What else should we do to reduce the spread of the disease besides avoiding getting in touch with infected people？

将文中画线部分译成汉语。

75.

分析：这是一道回答问题试题，易于考生回答，它不但考察学生完整的思维能力，还考察新学生的书面表达能力，一般要求学生用完整的句子回答问题。

本题还是一道重大新闻试题。世界上每天发生的影响人们生活的事件十分多，从中选择最受人们关注的事件是命题者的高明之处，死亡对每一个人来说都十分可怕，H1N1 Flu威胁着全世界人的生命安全，关注度十分高，教育意义也十分大，所以进入命题者的视线。这是一则重大新闻事件，把学校和社会联系起来，考察学生对社会生活的关注度。

四、短文填空

短文填空试题综合性强，难度大，考察范围广，属于中考英语试题中的拉分试题。请看广东省试题，看图短文填空。阅读下面短文，并借助上下文和插图，补充所缺信息。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

Joe， a 15-year-old-boy， wanted to have 71 of his own. He asked his parents for the money and they said he must give it by 72 . But how did he get it ？ On his way home one day， he was 73 about this. Not many people wanted to ask children to work for them.Maybe he could sweep away snow for the neighbours.But it was not 74 . He had to wait a long time for that.He couldn’t cut grass for their gardens，75 he was too young to do such work.

英语阅读测试题设计 篇12

雅思考试(国际英语语言测试系统)是听、说、读、写四项英语交流能力的测试，其中的学术类考试是为那些打算在以英语作为交流语言的国家或地区学习的人设置的。而普通高等学校招生全国统一考试即高考是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。同样作为水平类测试，雅思考试和高考都具有选拔性，并且都是以测试考生现有语言能力为标准来设计试题的。

2. 雅思与高考英语中的阅读理解题型设置与要求

雅思采用的是四项独立计分最后取四项成绩平均值的计分方式，但阅读理解40道题目、60分钟的考试时间仍可以凸显其重要性。雅思考试阅读(学术类)部分共有三篇文章，每一篇文章所需要回答的问题数量并不相同。每一道问题相对应一个分数。阅读考试中所出现的文章是由真实的文章改写而成的。这些文章来源于诸如杂志、期刊、书籍和报纸等途径，与考生未来在大学课程中将阅读到的文章极为相似。文章还包括了非文字性的内容，比如图表、曲线图及画图等。文章的写作方式多样，比如记叙文、说明文或者议论文等文体。文章的内容包含即将学习本科、研究生课程或进行职业注册的考生所感兴趣的、与其认知程度相符的常见话题。其中，至少一篇文章会出现详尽的论述形式。所有文章总计长度在2000到2750字之间。

高考英语阅读理解题型的分值占高考英语总分的40/150，是所有题型中占分比例最大的一道题，同时突出了阅读理解能力是高考重点检测考生的一项能力。根据普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语科的说明及高考英语全国卷I的命题，语言运用中的阅读理解包括五篇文章二十个小题，要求考生理解文章主旨和要义，理解文中具体信息，根据上下文推断生词的词义，作出简单判断和推理，理解文章的基本结构并理解作者的意图、观点和态度。近几年高考阅读理解的题材趋于多样化，涉及日常生活、历史、人物、社会、文化、科技、政治、环保和经济等话题。阅读理解的材料贴近时代、贴近生活，选自各类报刊、活页宣传材料等。这些材料信息量大，语言地道，体裁多样，题材丰富，充满时代气息和鲜明的语言文化特色，思想内涵深刻，因而要求考生有更广阔的思维空间。

3. 雅思与高考阅读理解题型的设计比较

3.1 雅思阅读测试题型的设计

IELTS考试阅读(学术类)部分共有以下10钟题型，其中一些会有少许的变化。这些题型如下。

题型一：选择。用于考查多种不同的阅读技巧，要求对特定的内容要有足够的理解，或对整篇文章的大意有全面的了解。

题型二：填空。要求回答关于文章中具体信息的问题，通常都与事实性的信息有关。用于考查在文章中寻找和准确理解信息的能力。最常出现在含有大量事实性信息的文章中。

题型三：完成句子。要求根据文章内容按照要求的字数完成一个从文章中抽取出来的句子。或者题目中给出了前半个句子(该句与文章内容有关)，需从若干个选项中选取合适的内容完成这个句子。

题型四：完成笔记、总结、表格或流程图。以某种形式对文章某部分进行总结。需要用文中的相关信息完成这个总结。题型会出现在包含确切的事实性信息的文章中，通常用于描述性的文体。

题型五：对图表进行标记。标记可为不超过三个字的形式，答案应该直接从文中选取，也可能是一组单词和数字。这种题型会出现在用于描述过程或描述性的文体。

题型六：为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题。题目会给出一组小标题，考生需将这些小标题与具体的段落进行配对。这种题型会出现在段落或部分具有主题清晰的文章中。

题型七：寻找信息。在标有数字的段落中寻找特定的信息，其中包括：特定信息、某种事情/事物的例子、事件等发生的原因、一个描述、一个对比、一个总结、一个解释。这种题型考查各种不同的阅读技巧，比如寻找信息、找出总结、或找出定义等。

题型八：寻找作者观点、论点或文章中的具体信息。这种题型有两种形式。在第一种形式里，考生需回答“是”(YES)、“否”(NO)或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)，主要考查考生辨别看法和观点的能力，常用于议论性和论证性的文章中。在第二种形式里，考生需回答“一致”(TRUE)、“不一致”(FALSE)或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)，主要考查考生辨别文中包含的个别信息的能力，常用于事实性文章中。

题型九：分类。考生需要对事件、人物或者其他文章中出现的信息进行分类。这种题型考查考生区分文中信息之间的关系和关联，最常见于涉及事实性信息的文章中，如说明文。

题型十：配对。这种题型考查考生辨别观点或理论的能力。常用于包含讨论的文章中、或包含一个有争议性话题的两方面不同意见的文章。

3.2 高考阅读理解题型的设计

高考中阅读理解题以多项选择题的形式出现，其题型设置一般有以下几种。

3.2.1 细节题。

细节题在高考阅读中比重最高，即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。考查学生的跳读能力、对文章相关内容的理解并进行综合判断及推理分析的能力。

3.2.2 词汇题。

在阅读过程中遇到生词是很正常的事情。猜测词义是阅读理解中常常遇到的题目。正确理解阅读材料中单词和短语的意思是理解全文的基础，在阅读过程中根据上下文和文章的背景猜测词义也是一种阅读能力。

3.2.3 主旨题。

主旨题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一，每年高考英语试卷中都会出现3—4题(即6—8分)，考查学生对整篇文章的把握情况。这类题要求读者阅读完文章后领会文章大意并对所有信息进行归纳，综合和概括后才能正确完成。

3.2.4 结构题。

最近两年，结构题频繁在各地高考英语阅读理解题中出现，已经成为了一种独立的题型。就其考查内容的不同，可分为两种：考查考生对整个文章结构的把握;考查考生根据现有文章预测后文内容的能力。这方面的设题会考查句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系及全文脉络的掌握情况，需要特别注意连词和起连词作用的副词的作用。

3.2.5 推理题。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，做题时，要以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推理得出的答案，即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。

3.3 雅思与高考阅读理解题型的比较分析

在测试方式上，与雅思考试相比，高考的测试方式单一，客观选择题比重过大。在2008年高考英语试卷中，全国一卷、北京卷、天津卷、重庆卷、辽宁卷、安徽卷、福建卷、江西卷的阅读理解题型结构的配置基本一致，包括5篇文章、20道四选一的选择题。也有不少省份有了新的变化，将阅读理解题分为两个部分，第一部分为传统的四选一体型，第二部分呈现出多样化的趋势，出现了补全对话、对照性阅读、填空题与信息匹配题等方式。但这些多样化的测试方式在全国的比重还比较小。C.Weir指出：“多项选择所得出的分数如同对错测试的结果一样有令人怀疑之虞。因为答案可能是考生部分或者全部通过猜测得出，于是就会影响考试结果的真实性和可靠性。”所以，尽管“多项选择因其评卷的方便性和可靠的信度而适宜于大规模的测试，但它的效度不够理想”。高考阅读试题取材长短过于均匀，没有根据不同目的及难易程度确定篇幅长度。全国高考英语试卷阅读理解试题分数与总分比例最低为26.7%，高者达33.3%，阅读理解命题水平的高低直接决定整份试卷的优劣。雅思阅读考试题目数量较多，难易搭配适宜，大部分试题是主观题，考生仅凭猜题得分可能性小，与高考客观题占多数区别很大，具备科学性与合理性。

4. 结语

作为一套行之有效的国际性英语测试体系，雅思对国内英语教学的影响和渗透会越来越明显。高考阅读理解测试应尝试采用雅思考试的多样化题型，从而实现测试方式多元化并保证主观题的比例;同时，试题的选材直接关系到高考试题的质量，要依据《新课程标准》的要求，根据项目考点，选择不同难度、不同篇幅的文章，并多以来自母语是英语国家的真实文本来测试学生，更加注重培养学生综合语言运用的能力。然而具体哪些题型以何种分值比例怎样互相配合才能更好地检测考生的阅读能力?还有待进一步研究。

参考文献

[1]Alderson, C.Assessing Reading[M].Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press.2000.

[2]Weir, C.Communicative Language Testing[M].Exeter:U-niversity of Exeter Press.1988.

[3]刘建达.测试方法对阅读测试的影响.外语教学与研究, 1998, (2) .

[4]鲁子问.高考英语题型能力分析与教学建议.课程·教材·教法, 2009, 29, (5) .

[5]宋卫民.2008年全国19套高考英语试卷述评.教育测量与评价, 2009.

[6]王敏.高考英语阅读理解测试之不足及其改进策略.湖南第一师范学报, 2009, 9, (1) .