独立主格

独立主格（精选8篇）

独立主格 篇1

with独立主格结构是英语的一种重要的句法现象, 在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。多年来也一直是命题的热点、重点, 因此应该引起我们的高度重视。众所周知, with引导的独立主格结构非常活跃, 虽然它在句子中只作状语, 但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。现将with引导的独立主格结构加以小结。

一、句法结构

结构一:with + 名词 (代词) + 介词短语

例句:He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. 他手托下巴, 坐在那儿沉思。

The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. 那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。

Mary was sitting near thefire, with her back towards the door.

玛丽靠近火炉坐着, 背对着门。

结构二:with + 名词 (代词) + 形容词

例句:He stared at his friend with his mouth open. 他张着嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery. 这人抬起头来, 眼里充满了好奇。

He stood there trembling, with his face red他红着脸站在那儿瑟瑟发抖。

结构三:with + 名词 (代词) + 副词

例句:With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. 产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。

The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。

The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. 这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。

He put on his socks with the wrong side out.他把袜子穿反了。

结构四:with+名词 (代词) +名词

例句:She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion. 她从前总爱在晚上在她的宠物狗的陪伴下坐着看书。

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世的时候, 女儿还是个中学生。

结构五:with + 名词 (代词) + 现在分词

例句:She stood there, with her child playing beside her.

她站在那儿, 孩子在旁边玩。

With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to you. 无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我, 真是太感激你了。

结构六:with + 名词 (代词) + 过去分词

例如:“I think we can leave with our heads held high, ”Erik said. “我认为我们可以高昂着头离开, ”艾瑞克说。

The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare. 这位守门员离开了日本, 而他的缺点却暴露无遗。

结构七:with + 名词 (代词) + 不定式

例句:With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry. 还有十分钟, 你最好快一点。

With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed. 有你领导我们, 我们组肯定能成功。

二、句法功能

作状语:with独立主格结构主要用作状语, 可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。

例句:With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有玛丽的帮助, 他一定能成功。

With winter coming on, it is getting colder and colder day by day. 冬天慢慢到来, 天气也一天比一天冷了起来。

The streets are even more beautiful with all the lights on. 在灯光的映衬下, 街道显得更美丽了。

The teacher came into the classroom with a ruler under his arm. 老师走进教室, 胳膊下面夹着一把尺子。

作定语:主要是用作后置定语。

例句:The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks. 这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。

Any man with eyes in his head can see that it is exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长眼睛的人都能看到它确实像一根绳子。

三、句法关系

主表关系:这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。

例句:Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes. 妈妈眼含泪水看着我。

The boy put on his shirt, with the wrong side out. 小男孩反穿着衬衫。

I once lived in a house with many trees and flowers round it. 我曾经住在一座房子里, 周围有许多树木和鲜花。

主谓关系:这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构的名词和其后的现在分词构成。

例句:With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临, 我们动身回家。

The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky. 小男孩躺在草地上, 两眼望着天空。

动宾关系:这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的, 前者表示“被动;完成”;后者表示“未做;待做”。

例句:With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night. 有这么多工作要做, 我们不得不彻夜不眠。

With nothing taken home, the boy was afraid to see his stepfather. 没有东西带回家, 这个小男孩害怕见到他的继父。

四、句法省略

省略特征:with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with + 名词+ 介词短语”结构中的省略, 其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词, 也就是:“名词+ 介词+ 名词”。

例句:She ran to the hero, flowers in hand. 她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。

The maths teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand. 数学老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。

独立主格 篇2

在英语中，独立主格结构是由一个名词或人称代词（主格）作为逻辑主语，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语等构成的复合结构，其作用相当于状语从句，用来表时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况。这种结构多用于书面语中，学好并用好独立主格结构，能使们们的英语文笔简捷流畅，行文表达生动活泼、游刃有余、丰富多彩。

Translate the following sentences into English.独立主格结构的几种形式:

（名词（代词）+现在分词）

1、小王病倒了，我们得照料他。

Xiao Wang falling ill, we have to look after him.2、客人们走，她开始打扫房间。

The guests having left, she began to clean the room.（名词（代词）+ 过去分词）

3、眼镜打破了，她看不见黑板上的字。

Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.4、她双手交叉在胸前站在那儿。

She stood there, her hands crossed on the chest.（名词（代词）+ 形容词）

5、街道上又湿又滑，我们只好小心缓慢地骑车。

The streets wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.6、学生们睁大眼睛在听老师讲课。

The students were listening to the teacher, their eyes wide open.（名词（代词）+ 副词）

7、会议结束了，我们从大礼堂回到了教室。

The meeting over , we returned to the classroom from the auditorium.8、他急急忙忙地穿上衬衫，把衬衫穿反了。

He pulled on his shirt, wrong side out.（名词（代词）+ 不定式）

9、运动会将在下周举行，我们必须为它作准备。

The sports meeting to be held next week, we must get ready for it.10、如此多的人要帮助他，他一定会成功的。

So many people to help, he is sure to succeed.（名词（代词）+ 介词短语）

11、老人手里拿着烟斗坐在椅子上。

The old man sat on the chair,(with)a pipe in his hand.12.那个人走出房间，嘴里嚼着食物。

The man went out of the room, food in mouth.（There being + 名词（代词））

13.没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.14、没有什么事情要讨论，会议结束了。

There being no more things to be discussed, the meeting came to an end.独立主格结构在句中的作用:

（作时间状语）

15.春天到了，树变绿了。

Spring coming on, the trees turn green.16、问题解决后，他们回到了各自的工作岗位。

The problem(having been)solved, they went back to their own post.（作原因状语）

17、昨天是星期天，我们没有上学。

It being Sunday yesterday, we didn’t go to school.18、钥匙丢失了，她进不了房间。

The key(having been)lost, she couldn’t enter the room.（作条件状语）

19、如果时间许可，我们将参观那个公园。

Time permitting, we’ll visit the park.20、如果水加到很高的温度，我们会看到水蒸气从中冒出来。

Water heated to a high temperature, we can see steam rising from it.（作方式或伴随状语）

21、孩子们在堆雪人，他们的手冻得通红。

The children were making a snowman, their hands red with cold.22、他跌倒在地，鼻子流着血。

He fell to the ground, blood trickling from his nose.独立主格的句型转换：

1、转换成状语从句

His homework done, he went to bed.=After his homework was done, he went to bed.She not feeling well, we worried about her.= As she was not feeling well, we worried about her.Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held the day after tomorrow.=If weather

permits , the sports meet will be held the day after tomorrow.2、转换成并列句

The youn woman came into the cinema, a baby in her arms,= The young woman came into the cinema and a baby was in her arms.The boy stood there silently, his eyes fixed upon the black people.= The boy stood there silently and his eyes were fixed upon the black people.3、转换成”with”的复习结构

独立主格结构的常见用法 篇3

Winter coming， it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

The children went home from the grammar school， their lessons finished for the day. 当天的课程完成后，孩子们从文法学校回家了。

I send you 200 dollars today， the rest to follow in a month. 我今天先寄给你200美元，剩下的一个月之内再给你。

以上画线部分均为独立主格结构。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，通常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开。该结构在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随等状语。表时间、条件或原因时，相当于状语从句，一般置于句首，表原因时也可置于句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于并列句，常置于句末。如：

The work done（相当于After the work had been done）， we went home. 工作完成后，我们回家了。

Mr. Li wrote a lot of poems， many of them translated into English.（相当于and many of them have been translated into English） 李先生写了很多诗歌，其中多数已被译成英语。

1. 名词/代词+现在分词

Weather permitting （相当于If weather permits）， they will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. 如果天气允许，他们明天将参观长城。

The kids playing in the room（相当于Since the kids are playing in the room）， I couldn’t get down to work. 孩子们在屋里玩，我没法开始工作。

该结构中，名词/代词是分词动作的执行者，表示主动意义；现在分词表示动作正在进行。

2. 名词/代词+过去分词

The boy was lying on the grass， his hands crossed under his head. （相当于and his hands were crossed under his head）男孩躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

My glasses broken（相当于Because my glasses were broken）， I couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，我看不清黑板上的字。

该结构中，名词/代词是分词动作的承受者，表示被动含义； 过去分词表示动作已完成。另外，过去分词有时与现在分词的完成被动式（having been done）意思相同。如：

The speech delivered（相当于having been deliver-

ed）， a lively discussion started. 演讲过后，一场热烈的讨论开始了。

3. 名词/代词+不定式

Mr. Smith has gone to New York， his secretary to join him there this Friday.（相当于and his secretary is to join him there this Friday）史密斯先生已经去纽约了，秘书周五将与他在那儿会合。

He is leaving for the conference next month， all expenses to be paid by the company. 他下月去参加一个会议，所有费用将由公司支付。

该结构中，如果名词/代词与动词不定式在逻辑上是主谓关系，动词不定式用主动形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。不定式表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。

4． 名词/代词+形容词

He sat in the front row， his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，半张着嘴。

So many people absent， the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议只好取消。

5. 名词/代词+副词

The lights off， we could not go on with the work. 熄灯了，我们没法继续工作。

The meeting （being） over， they all went home. 会议结束，他们都回家了。

6. 名词/代词+介词短语

The girl sat there， tears still on her cheeks. 小姑娘坐在那儿，脸颊上还留着泪痕。

7. 名词/代词+名词

Wu Song fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon. 武松和老虎搏斗，唯一的武器是一根棍子。

The lady has two daughters， both of them pro-fessors. 这位女士有两个女儿，她们都是教授。

8. there being+名词/代词

There being no buses（相当于Because there were no buses）， we had to walk home. 没有公交车，我们只好步行回家。

with复合结构除作状语外，还可以作定语，而独立主格结构一般只作状语。作状语尤其是作伴随、原因等状语时，两种结构可以互换。如：

The woman with a baby in her arms is my aunt. 那个抱小孩的妇女是我的姑姑。（作定语）

Without anyone noticing（相当于 Nobody noticing）， he slipped into the room. 趁没人注意，他溜进了房间。

Her work done（相当于With her work done）， she sat down for a cup of coffee. 活干完了，她坐下喝了杯咖啡。

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应保持一致，否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，此时便形成了“名词/代词+分词”结构，即独立主格结构。

Being ill（相当于Because Mary was ill）， Mary didn’t attend the lecture. （分词being的逻辑主语为Mary）

Her mother being ill （相当于Because her mother was ill）， Mary had to go home to look after her. （分詞being的逻辑主语为her mother，而不是Mary， 属于独立主格结构）

Seeing a dog on the road， the driver stopped the bus. 看到路上有只狗，司机把车停了下来。

The driver seeing a dog on the road， the bus was stopped. 司机看到路上有只狗，就停了车。

【即学即练】

1. The old man has three sons，______doctors.

A. two of whomB. two of them are

C. two of them D. all of whom

2. “Marquis，” said the boy， turning to the man， his eyes______wide， and his right hand.

A. opened； raisingB. opened； raised

C. opening； raisedD. opening； raising

3. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200，000 silver pennies，all of

over 600 years old.

A. whichB. them

C. thatD. it

4. The soldier rushed into the cave， his right hand______a gun and his face______with sweat.

A. held； coveredB. holding； covering

C. holding； coveredD. held； covering

5. An important lecture______tomorrow， the professor has to stay up late into the night.

A. givingB. given

C. being givenD. to be given

6. The firefighters rushed into a burning house， three of them unfortunately______in and

their lives.

A. caught； losingB. catching； lost

C. caught； lostD. catching； losing

7. Not far from the school there was a garden，

owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. itsB. whose

C. whichD. that

8. China has already sent up five unmanned spacecrafts， the most recent______at the end of last September.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched

9. I couldn’t hear her very clearly with all that noise .

A. going onB. goes on

C. went onD. to go on

10. With so many problems ， the manager is having a hard time.

A. settledB. settling

C. to settleD. being settled

答案与解析

1. C “two of them doctors”相当于“and two of them are doctors”或者“two of whom are doctors”。

2. B 根据“open one’s eyes wide”可知第一空中his eyes是open这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词。根据“raise one’s hand”可知第二空也应用过去分词形式，表示被动。

3. B 后半部分“all of them over 600 years old”相当于“all of which were over 600 years old”。

4. C 第一空根据hold的动作由his right hand发出，故用现在分词；第二空是“be covered with...” 的结构，故选covered。

5. D an important lecture是give的承受者，同时tomorrow说明give动作还未发生，故选to be given，表示将来时态的被动动作。

6. A 根据“be caught in...”的结构可知第一空应填caught；第二空中由于three of them与lose间为主动关系，故用现在分词losing。

7. A 本题易当成是非限制性定语从句而误选B项。实际上，句子的后半部分是独立主格结构，空格后的动词seated（相当于sitting）是一个过去分词。

8. B “having been launched”相当于“launched”， 根据时间状语“at the end of last September”可以排除C与D；同时由于逗号后没有连词，后半部分为独立主格结构。

9. A 考查with复合结构，排除B与C。不定式表示将来，现在分词表示说话时正在发生，故选A。

10. C 考查with复合结構。不定式表示将来，现在分词表示说话时正在发生，过去分词表示动作已发生。

分析英语独立主格结构的特点 篇4

A:Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door.

B:Hit by the arrow, he fell from the horse.

C:So many friends being absent, we decided to put the party off.

D:All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.

A句“Listening to the radio”是一个作状语的现在分词，它后面句子中的主语I即为它的逻辑主语，全句意思为：当我听着收音机的时候，听到有人敲门。

B句的意思是：他因为中箭，从马上摔了下来。过去分词短语“Hit by the arrow”的逻辑主语与其后句子的主语是一致的，都是he。

C句划线部分有自己独立的逻辑主语，即为“So many friends”。全句意为：因为那么多朋友缺席，我们决定推迟聚会。

D句意为：官员们都到齐了，宣布开会。划线部分拥有自己独立的逻辑主语，即“All the officials”。

A、B两句划线部分是分词短语充当状语，它们后面句子的主语就是它们的逻辑主语。

C、D两句划线部分都是由一个独立的主格加上现在分词短语构成，这种结构在语法上属于独立主格结构。

英语独立主格结构因其结构和用法的特殊性，历来是高中生最难理解和掌握的知识点之一。独立主格结构频频出现在阅读理解、语法填空、完形填空等题型的篇章里面，而且它往往是阻碍学生正确理解文章意思的“元凶”。如果学生能够掌握它的构成和用法，将会有助其正确分析、理解长句、难句的结构和意义，从而迅速理清文章的脉络，达到准确理解把握篇章含义的目的。下面笔者将从十个方面分析独立主格结构

1. 独立主格结构在形式上由两部分组成。

第一部分由名词或代词充当，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语充当。例如：

The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. (名词+副词)

散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。

It being a fine day, the students went out for sightseeing. (代词+现在分词)

因为天气很好，学生都外出游览去了。

The manager looks worried, many things to settle.(名词+动词不定式)

经理看上去很着急，有这么多的事情要处理。

2. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

例如：

More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间, 我们会把工作做得更好。

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半开着。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于事故, 其中有许多儿童。

3. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

例如：

The work done (=After the work had been done) , we went home.工作完成后, 我们才回家。

Weather permitting (If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话, 他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

The food being cooked (While the food was being cooked) , the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭, 一边看电视。

4. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

对比：

(正确)Time going on, everything has changed.随着时间的流逝，一切都发生了变化。

(错误)As time going on, everything has changed.

(正确)More time given, we should have done the job muchbetter.假如给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。

(错误)If more time given, we should have done the job muchbetter.

5. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。对比：

(正确)The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。

(错误)The chief-editor’s arriving, we began the meeting.

比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.主编的到来使我们感到意外。

(正确)His first shot failure, he fired again.他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

(错误)His first shot’s failure, he fired again.

比较名词所有格：Because of his first shot’s failure, he fired again.因为第一枪的失误，他又打了一枪。

6. 独立主格结构可用完成时态，作时间或原因状语，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。

例如：

The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后, 音乐会开始了。

Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到, 他的老板非常失望。

7. 在“名词（或代词）+介词in的短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。

例如：

Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。

比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.

The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

8. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：

(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。例如：

It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做礼拜了。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

(2)在“There being+名词”的结构中。例如：

There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

9. 介词的复合结构也能构成独立主格结构，其结构为：

介词(with或without)+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：

The park is beautiful, with all the trees putting on a tender green (=all the trees putting on a tender green) .树叶都绿了, 使得公园很漂亮。

With Tom helping me (=Tom helping me) , I was able to finished my work on time.在汤姆的帮助下, 我得以按时完成作业。

Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。

The girl hid her boxwithout anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来, 没有人知道它在哪里。

1 0. 独立主格结构在句中通常用作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。

例如：

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. (原因状语)

因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲, 教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head) . (伴随状语)

他躺在草地上, 两手交叉枕在脑后。

参考文献

[1]熊新华.名家指路2009高考总复习英语.珠海出版社, 2008.4.

[2]李玉杰.实用英语语法.河南大学出版社, 1989.7.

高中英语语法独立主格结构知识点 篇5

“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。

(一)逻辑主语+名词

Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.

十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。

(the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being)

【注意】独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being +名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.

因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。

(二)逻辑主语+形容词

He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.

他睡眼惺忪地转向我。

(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being)

= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.

He stood there, his mouth wide open.

他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。

(his mouth和wide open之间省去了being)

= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.

(三)逻辑主语+副词

School over, we all went home.

放学了，我们都回家了。

(school和over之间省去了being)

= School was over, and we all went home.

He sat at his desk, his shoes off.

他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。

(his shoes和off之间省去了being)

= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.

(四)逻辑主语+介词短语

He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.

他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。

= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.

The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.

新老师面带微笑走了进来。

= The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.

The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand.

老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。

= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.

【提示】在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。

The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.

音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。

谈初中英语中的独立主格结构 篇6

在初中英语教材中的阅读课文里出现了一种既不是句子,也不是从句,却相当于由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组一种独立结构——独立主格结构。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,因此不用考虑它内部的动词及其时态、人称和数的变化。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但多数情况下却因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致而不能转化为分词形式。且独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。充分掌握并正确运用这一语法,有利于学生提高综合应试的能力。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式

1. 名词或代词+现在分词:现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态有时,现在分词being在独立主格结构中可以省略。

eg. The weather fine, we went to a beautiful beach.

= The weather (being ) fine, we went to a beautiful beach .(天气很好,我们去了一个优美的海滩)。

2. 名词或代词+过去分词:过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作.

eg. Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.

= Because her glasses were broken,she couldn't see the words on the blackboard(因为她的眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字)。

3. 名词或代词+名词(短语)

eg.Many people swam this afternoon, some of them women and children.(今天下午许多人去游泳了,其中一些人是妇女和儿童)。

4. 名词或代词+形容词(短语):形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质或状态。

eg. The weather cold, we decided to stay at the hotel.(天气很冷,我们决定呆在旅店里)。

5. 名词或代词+介词短语

eg.The teacher came in, a book in his hand.(老师进来了,手里拿着一本书)。

6. 独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。

eg. You can see a small house with a beautiful garden.(你能看见一栋有个美丽花园的小洋房)。

She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她没熄灯就睡着了)。

二、独立主格结构的用法

独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。

1) 表示时间 如:

His homework done (=After her homework was done),Tom played computer games.

2) 表示条件 如:

The water being enough(= if the water is enough), the fish may be alive.

3) 表示原因 如:

There being no buses (Because there were no buses),we had to walk home.

4)表示伴随 如 :

我眼中的with独立主格结构 篇7

一、独立主格结构的作用

主要用于描绘性文字中, 其作用一, 相当于一个状语从句, 当主句和从句的主语不一致, 就可以使用独立主格来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式等。作用二, 相当一个并列句, 表示伴随着同时。作用三, 相当于一个定语从句, 用来修饰名词。例如:1、The work done (=After the work had been done) , we wenthome.

2、He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head) .

3、The girl with a book in her hand is my sister

二、独立主格结构是怎么构成的呢?

简单句的基本句型, 是主谓结构, 主系结构和there be句型。

如果是主谓结构, 那就本着动词和前边的逻辑主语的关系来使用非谓语动词, 主动doing被动done动作未发生用todo.

例如:The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.

My shoes removed, I entered a low-ceilinged room.

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. (花草树木还没有被种植, 学校也不是种植的动作主语, 用不定式的被动结构to be planted)

The manager looks worried, many things to settle.

(事情还没有处理, 而且是由经理本人来处理, 用不定式to settle, 主动代被动, 表示将来的时间)

如果是主系结构, 那就把系动词省略, 后边会有形容词, 副词, 名词, 介词短语跟着。

例如:An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive (省去了were)

The lights off, we could not go on with the work.

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand

如果是there be句型, 那么就把be动词变为being

例如:There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.

三、注意事项

1、独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时, 不能省略being。如:Itbeing Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天, 我们去做了礼拜。

2、独立主格的全省略结构

在“名词 (或代词) +介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中, 省略with, 不用物主代词和冠词。如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, (with a) book in (her) hand.

独立主格 篇8

一、独立主格的基本情况

1、定义

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。可分为一ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等。在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。

2、形式

独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。

举例:

1、There being nothing else to do,they gone away.

由于无事可做,他们离开了。(代词+ing;表原因)

2、Miss Wang come into the classroom,books in hand.

王老师走进教室,手里拿着书。(无动词结构;表伴随)

3、The old man sat in his chair,his eyes closed.

老人坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛。(名词+-ed;表状态)

4、Class over,we began to play basketball.

放学了,我们开始玩篮球。(名词+副词;表时间)

5、The last guest to arrive,our party was started.

最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。(名词+不定式;表时间)

二、独立主格结构与分词作状语结构的异同

1、独立主格结构与分词都可以转化成状语从句。但是,独立主格结构转换成状语从句后,有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致;而分词短语转化为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语相同。例:

(1) Time permitting,we’d better have a rest at this weekend.

如果时间允许,本周末我们最好休息一下。(独立主格转化)

→If time permits,we’d better have a rest at this weekend.

(2) Seeing from the top floor,we can find the garden morebeautiful.(分词结构的转化)

→When we see from the top floor,we can find the garden more beautiful.但有的分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经成了习惯短语。这些短语有:generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。

例:(1) Generally speaking,the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说,这个规则很容易懂。

(2) Judging from what he said,she must be an honest girl.根据他所说的,她一定很诚实。

(3) supposing it rain,what will you do?

假如下雨,我该怎么办?

三、独立主格与动名词复合结构之间的区别

独立主格与动名词复合结构都有自己的逻辑主语,但在句子所做的成分与逻辑主语的用法上的有区别。独立主格是逻辑主语加其他成分在句子中作状语而动名词的复合结构主要是动名词加上自身的逻辑主语在句中作主语、宾语、表语的成分。

动名词复合结构的定义:带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”,其形式有如下几种情况:

1)动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。

例如:Nixon’s visiting China marked a new era between U.S.and China diplomatic relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。

2)在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如:

The doctor does not mind me/my eating a little meat occasionally.医生并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。

3)如果逻辑主语是一个短语或有修饰语,一般用名词通格或人称代词的宾格的形式。例如:

The teacher insisted on the boy who threw the eraser apologizing.老师支持要那个扔掉刷子的男孩道歉。

I insist on both of them coming in time.我坚持要他们两人准时来。

Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year?

4)无生命的事物名词作逻辑主语时一般采用通格形式。例如:

The suggestion of the meeting being put off was not adopted by the chairman.延期召开会议的建议没有被主席采纳。

四、独立结构状语与介词with短语状语之比较及转换

英语中还有一种可修饰全句的状语,一般来讲既可用于口语中又可用于书面语中,而且使用得比较频繁,这就是“with+名词或代词宾格+分词(现在分词和过去分词)、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式”,往往用来表示伴随情况或方式,如:

20.The farmer fell asleep with the lamp burning.(+现在分词)

可转换为:The farmer fell asleep,the lamp burning.

21.All the morning Dad worked with the door locked.(+过去分词)

可转换为:All the morning Dad worked,the door locked.

22.The girl entered the ward,with her mouth half open.(+形容词)

可转换为:The girl entered the ward,her mouth half open.

23.He was lying on the bed,with his clothes on.(+副词)

可转换为:He was lying on the bed,his clothes on.

24.A professor came in,with a book in his hand.(+介词短语)

可转换为:A professor came in,a book in his hand.

25.We can not go to the movies with so much work to do.(+动词不定式)

例20至例24都可以由介词with短语状语转换成独立结构状语,即“with+名词或代词宾格+分词(现在分词和过去分词)、形容词、副词、介词短语”的这些类型,而例25即“with+名词或代词宾格+动词不定式”的这种形式却不能转换。进行转换时,基本上只需去掉介词“with”,将其后的代词宾格改为代词主格即可,其它部分保持不变。

五、结语